中職英語(yǔ)Unit3-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

present(now)futurepast

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(presentperfecttense)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一.構(gòu)成:have/has+done(過(guò)去分詞)過(guò)去分詞(pp)其變化方法和動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式根本相同。有局部不同，需要記好。HehaslivedinShenzhenfor4years.Hehasn’tlivedinShenzhenfor4years.HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.Iboughtanapple.pastnowfutureIhaveanapple.Ihaveboughtanapple.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果。oneminuteago1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,并對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有鑰匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解書(shū)的內(nèi)容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干凈的)常與already(已經(jīng)),yet(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng))等詞連用.already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否認(rèn)句,疑問(wèn)句尾.Ilivedhere.pastnowfutureIstilllivehere.Ihavelivedherefortwoyears.表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)下去。Inevermove.twoyearsago2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsince

hewasborn.Haveyoustayedheresince

3o’clock?常與for,since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)或從句連用.for+時(shí)間段since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),since+句子常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞、介詞:already(已經(jīng)):用于肯定句Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.yet(已經(jīng)):用于否認(rèn)句,疑問(wèn)句Hehasn’tdonehishomeworkyet.just(剛剛)Theyhavejustleft.ever(曾經(jīng))HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?never(從不)Ihaveneverseenhim.before(以前)Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?since(自從…以來(lái))I’veworkedintheschoolsince1999.for(長(zhǎng)達(dá))He’slivedinShenzhenfor6years.inthepastseveraldays/weeks/years(在過(guò)去的…)recently(最近)Ihavenotwrittentomyparentsrecently.sofar(到目前為止)Sofarshehaslearned5Englishsongs.uptonow(到目前為止)按要求改變句子。1.Shehasdoneherhomework.(改否認(rèn)句)2.Shehasalreadytoldusthenews.(改否認(rèn)句)3.Therainhasalreadystopped.(改一般疑問(wèn)句)4.Ihavewaitedherefortwohours.(劃線提問(wèn))Shehasn’tdoneherhomework.Shehasn’ttoldusthenewsyet.Hastherainstoppedyet?Howlonghaveyouwaitedhere?5.HehaslivedinShangHaisinceheleftBeijing.(劃線提問(wèn))6.Theyhaveboughtanewcar,______________?(反義疑問(wèn)句)7.ShehaslearnedFrenchsince2002.(同意句)ShehaslearnedFrench______2years.ShehaslearnedFrench_______2years________.WherehashelivedsinceheleftBeijing?haven’ttheyforsinceagosince:(自…以來(lái))1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時(shí)間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.for:(長(zhǎng)達(dá)〕for+時(shí)間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:

Takenotes

用for或since填空Mr.BrownhashadhisTV________15years.I’vetakendrivinglessons_________lastmonth.Mysisterhashadhercellphone________amonth.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme___________mybirthday.Wehaven’tusedourcar________alongtime.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_________years.Tomhaswornglasses_________hewas7yearsold.forsinceforsinceforforsince他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。

Nick參軍3年了.

他離開(kāi)深圳好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。這本書(shū)我已借了4個(gè)月了.Hisgrandpahasdiedfor2years.Nickhasjoined

thearmyfor3years.HehasleftShenzhenforalongtime.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor4months.XXXX實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分為:1)瞬間動(dòng)詞(die,join,leave,borrow等)2)延續(xù)動(dòng)詞(wait,know,learn等)注意:瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和時(shí)間段連用.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分為:1)瞬間動(dòng)詞

2)延續(xù)動(dòng)詞

瞬間動(dòng)詞joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy注意:瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和時(shí)間段連用.method1:

動(dòng)作狀態(tài)diebeoverleaveborrow/buyarrivebeginend/finishjoinmarrykeep/hadbeawaybeherebeon(上演〕bemarriedbeinbedead他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。

Nick參軍3年了.

他離開(kāi)深圳好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。這本書(shū)我已借了4個(gè)月了.Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor2years.Nickhasbeeninthearmyfor3years.HehasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.Ihavehad/keptthebookfor4months.method2:Itis+時(shí)間段since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子.他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。

Nick參軍3年了.

他離開(kāi)深圳好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。這本書(shū)我已借了4個(gè)月了.Itis2yearssincehisgrandpadied.

Itis3yearssinceNickjoinedthearmy.ItisalongtimesinceheleftShenzhen.Itis4monthssinceIborrowedthebook.1.TheEnglishprofessorarrivedhereaboutaweekagoTheEnglishprofessor_________hereforaboutaweek.2.Herhusbandstartedtoworkonthefarmthreehoursago.Herhusband__________onthefarmforthreehours.3.TheFrenchmusiciancametoChinalastmonth,andheisstillhere.TheFrenchmusician______________Chinaforamonth.4.Hejoinedthearmyin1985.He______________thearmy____1985.改寫(xiě)句子，使原句的意思不變，每空一詞。hasbeenhasworkedhasbeeninhasbeen

insince5.Thebusleftfiveminutesago.Thebus_____already_________forfiveminutes.6.ThegirlboughtanewschoolbaginSeptember.Thegirl_________theschoolbagsinceSeptember.7.Theshopclosedlastwinter.Theshop_________________sincelastwinter.8.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.Thefilm______________fortenminutes.9.Thedogdiedtwodaysago.Thedog__________________fortwodays.

10.Themeetingendedlastmonth.Themeeting_________________foramonth.hasbeenawayhas

hadhasbeenclosedhasbeenonhasbeendeadhasbeenoverLearningmoreaboutpresentperfecttense.1A:Whereisyourfather?Steve?B:Oh,hehasgonetoShanghaiforameeting.Thepersonisnothere.2A:Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays,Tom?B:IhavebeentoTibet.A:Oh,really?Wasitgreatfun?B:Yes,veryexciting.Thepersonhascomebackandheishere.IhaveneverbeentoLondonbefore.ShehasbeentoChinamanytimes.havebeentoswh.:曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)回來(lái)．hasgonetoswh.:某人去了某地，還沒(méi)有回來(lái)．用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto填空：1.—Whereisyourbrother?—He____________theshop.He’llbebacksoon.2.—______youever_________toAmerica?—Yes,I___________NewYorktwice.3.—Hereyouareatlast!Where_____you_____?—I_____________London.4.—David_______________Australia.—I’msurehe’salreadyarrived.5.—IsBennyhere?—No,he__________theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.hasgonetoHavebeentohavebeentohavebeenhavebeentohasgonetohasgoneto選擇been,gone填空.1.Jimisonholiday.Hehas________toItaly.2.Hello!Ihavejust________totheshops.Ihaveboughtl