2016年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語(一)真題及答案

2016年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語（一）真題及答案

（江南博哥）

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答1-20題

InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmay

involvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,J^thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoa

matchmaker.Ayoungmancan_2_alikelyspouseonhisownandthenaskhisparents

to_3_themarriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman'sparentsmaymakethechoiceofa

spouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection.4,agirlmayvetothespouseher

parentshavechosen._5_aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheother

tomakesureitschildismarrying_6_agoodfamily.

Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays,_7_by

the1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashort

sermonand_8_prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhair

cutting,_9_cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride'sandgroom'swrists,

and10acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestobless

the11.Newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewife'sparentsandmay12with

themuptoayear,13theycanbuildanewhousenearby.

Divorceislegalandeasyto14_,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare15withsome

disapproval.Eachspouseretains16propertyheorshe17intothemarriage,and

jointly-acquiredpropertyis18equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagender

prejudice19up:Thedivorcedmaledoesn'thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecan

remarry20thewomanmustwaittenmonths.

1［單選題］第(1)題選_____.

A.aswellas

B.bywayof

C.onbehalfof

D.withregardto

正確答案：A

參考解析：由句意”擇偶不僅涉及男方的親朋好友，同樣涉及女方的親朋好友"

可知前后是并列關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)中只有"aswellas"表示并列關(guān)系，故選A。

2［單選題］第(2)題選_____.

A.adaptto

B.providefor

C.competewith

D.decideon

正確答案：D

參考解析:根據(jù)選項(xiàng)得知空格處需要填謂語動詞，空格后面的賓語是"……配偶"，

所以根據(jù)動賓搭配的原則，D項(xiàng)"decideon"可以與后面的賓語搭配,構(gòu)成"選

擇配偶"，故選D。

3［單選題］第(3)題選______.

A.renew

B.close

C.arrange

0.postpone

正確答案：C

參考解析：空格處后面的內(nèi)容是themarriagenegotiation,只能與c項(xiàng)

"arrange"搭配，構(gòu)成"安排提親"之意，故選C。

4［單選題］第(4)題選_____.

A.lntheory

B.lntime

C.Aboveall

D.Forexample

正確答案：A

參考解析:根據(jù)空格后面的內(nèi)容，得知女孩可能會否定她的父母為其所選的配偶,

句中的may表示可能性。因此，與原文句子內(nèi)容表達(dá)一致的，只有"Intheory"

(從理論上講)。

5［單選題］第(5)題選_____.

A.Although

B.Lest

C.After

D.Unless

正確答案：c

參考解析：空格處所在句的前半句是現(xiàn)在完成時，后半句是一般現(xiàn)在時，根據(jù)時

態(tài)判斷，前后內(nèi)容存在時間上的先后性，所以C項(xiàng)正確。

6［單選題］第(6)題選

A.within

B.into

C.from

D.through

正確答案：B

參考解析：eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildis

marryingagoodfamily意為"每家都會調(diào)查另一家，確保自己的孩子娶

到或嫁進(jìn)一個好家庭"。此處需要填入一個介詞與marry構(gòu)成合理搭配介詞into

最合適，故選

Be

7［單選題］第(7)題選_____.

A.since

B.or

C.so

D.but

正確答案：D

參考解析：空格前半句說原來傳統(tǒng)婚禮持續(xù)三天，后半句說到20世紀(jì)80年代

婚禮通常持續(xù)一天半，顯然前后形成了對比，故選D。

8［單選題］第(8)題選_____.

A.test

B.recite

C.copy

D.create

正確答案：B

參考解析：本句句意為"佛教僧侶會為新人進(jìn)行簡短的布道和誦經(jīng)以祈?！?。

為固定搭配,意為"誦經(jīng)"，故選

"reciteprayers"Be

9［單選題］第(9)題選____.

A.folding

B.piling

C.wrapping

D.tying

正確答案：D

參考解析：本句句意為"把浸泡在圣水中的棉線綁在新娘和新郎的手腕上"。

folding意為"折疊"，piling意為"堆放"，wrapping意為"包裹"，均不

符合文意，是的一形式，意為"綁，系"，故選

tyingtieingDo

10［單選題］第(10)題選_____.

A.passing

B.lighting

C.hiding

0.serving

正確答案：A

參考解析：andacandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedand

respectedcouplestoblesstheunion意為"在一圈婚姻幸福美滿和德高望重

的夫婦中傳遞一根蠟燭來祝福新人的結(jié)合"。根據(jù)語境,lighting意為〃點(diǎn)亮"，

hiding意為"隱藏"，serving意為"服務(wù)"，均不合適，只能選A項(xiàng)passing

"傳遞"。

11［單選題］第(11)題選_____.

A.association

B.meeting

C.collection

D.union

正確答案：D

參考解析：該句講道：圍坐在新婚夫婦身邊祝福他們的o根據(jù)語境可知應(yīng)

填入聯(lián)姻的含義，四個選項(xiàng)中可以表示姻親關(guān)系的只有union"團(tuán)聚，結(jié)合"，

為正確答案。meeting意為"會議、會面"，association意為"聯(lián)合、聯(lián)盟"，

意為"收集、集合"，均不符合語境，故選

collectionDe

12［單選題］第(12)題選_____.

A.grow

B.part

C.live

D.deal

正確答案：C

參考解析：句意：傳統(tǒng)意義上講，新婚夫婦搬去新娘的父母家，并和他們共同居

住長達(dá)一年之久。前文講到新婚夫婦搬去新娘的父母家，后文應(yīng)保持一致性，

live(with)意為"和……一起生活"，grow意為"成長"，part(with)意為"分

離"，deal(with)意為"處理、應(yīng)對"，故live為正確答案。

13［單選題］第(13)題選____.

A.whereas

B.until

C.for

D.if

正確答案：B

參考解析:句意:新婚夫婦搬去新娘的父母家，并和他們共同生活長達(dá)一年之久，

直到他們能夠在附近建成新房?？崭裥枰钊脒壿嬤B接詞，前后為時間先后關(guān)

系，故代入until意為"直到"，語義合理。whereas意為"然而"，for表示

原因，表示條件，均不適合，故選

ifBo

14［單選題］第(14)題選_____.

A.follow

B.obtain

C.challenge

D.avoid

正確答案：B

參考解析：句意：離婚是合法的并容易辦理，但(離婚現(xiàn)象)并不普遍。填入詞應(yīng)

與legal感情色彩一致,avoid意為"避免"，challenge意為"挑戰(zhàn),質(zhì)疑"，

而follow意為"跟隨"，通常不與"divorce"搭配。將。btain"獲得"代入

語境，表示獲得離婚，搭配合理，語義通順，故選

Be

15［單選題］第(15)題選_____.

A.isolated

B.persuaded

C.viewed

D.exposed

正確答案：C

參考解析：此處需填入動作,isolated意為"隔離"，persuaded意為"勸說"，

viewed意為"看待、視為"，exposed意為"暴露、揭露"。代入文中viewed

是最合理的，表示人們對離婚的人持反對態(tài)度，故選

Co

16［單選題］第(16)題選_____.

A.whatever

B.however

C.whenever

D.wherever

正確答案：A

參考解析：此處空前有動詞retains,因此需要一個連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并且

與proper—ty搭配，共同充當(dāng)從句中的賓語。wherever■意為“無論何地"，

whenever意為"無論何時"，however意為"然而，但是，無論如何"，都

作狀語，只有whatever可以與property搭配，充當(dāng)賓語從句的賓語，表示"―

切財(cái)產(chǎn)"，故選A。

17［單選題］第(17)題選______.

A.changed

B.brought

C.shaped

D.pushed

正確答案：B

參考解析：句意：夫妻各自保留他/她帶進(jìn)婚姻的任何財(cái)產(chǎn)。此處需要填入一個

動詞，能和property形成動賓搭配。changed意為"改變"，brought意為

"帶來"，叩意為"形成"，意為"推操"，故選

shedpushedBe

18［單選題］第(18)題選

A.withdrawn

B.invested

C.donated

0.divided

正確答案：D

參考解析：此處需要填入一個動詞，作用于jointly-acquiredproperty"共同獲

得的財(cái)產(chǎn)"。divided意為"分割"，invested意為"投資"，donated意為

"捐贈",withdrawn意為"取錢撤走資金"均能和jointly-acquiredproperty

構(gòu)成動賓搭配，但是此處的情境是討論離婚時的行為，故選d。

19［單選題］第(19)題選

A.clears

B.shows

C.warms

D.breaks

正確答案：B

參考解析：句意：但是，性別歧視此時顯現(xiàn)出來了。clearup意為"（天空）放晴，

治療，處理，解釋"，warmup意為"使變熱；（使）更活躍"，showup意為

〃顯現(xiàn)，出現(xiàn)"，breakup意為"結(jié)束，使破碎"。后文提到離婚后，男士可

以立即再婚，而女士必須要等十個月，可知符合文意，并且能夠和"性別歧視"

搭配的只有B項(xiàng)。

20［單選題］第（20）題選

A.while

B.once

C.sothat

D.inthat

正確答案：A

參考解析：上文指出，離婚男士在他再婚前沒有一個等候期，空格后提到"女性

必須要等待10個月"，顯然，這二者形成對比關(guān)系，sothat意為"所以"，

inthat意為"因?yàn)?，均排除；once意為"一旦"，表?xiàng)l件關(guān)系，亦排除，故

選

Ao

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答21-25題

France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashion

industryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakers

gavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemploy

ultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat

"inciteexcessivethinness"bypromotingextremedieting.

Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbe

definedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That'sastart.Andthebanon

ultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvesto

death-assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibility

forthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measure

theymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.

Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thatthey

shouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthat

peopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthan

dietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.

TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangea

culturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,using

afashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscould

resultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.

Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterial

adornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewother

countries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthat

relymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.

IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrules

andsanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.The

newlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:"Weareawareofand

takeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especially

onyoungpeople."Thecharter'smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfor

designersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek(CFW),whichisrun

bytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethod

ofcompliance.

Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyideals

maybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyond

thematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.

21博港函Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappenin

France?

A.Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.

B.Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.

C.Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.

D.Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.

正確答案：A

參考解析：文章開篇即講"France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovator

offashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterightto

definephysicalbeautyforwomen"(以作為全球時尚倉口新者為榮的法國承認(rèn)

其時尚業(yè)已經(jīng)失去定義女性形體美的絕對權(quán)利),這說明法國以前制定的形體關(guān)

的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已不再適用，現(xiàn)在需要做出改變，故選

Ao

22［單選題］'hephrase"impingingon"(Line2,Para.2)isclosestin

meaningto.

A.indicatingthestateof.

B.heighteningthevalueof.

C.losingfaithin.

D.doingharmto.

正確答案：D

參考解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞"impingingonH(Line2,Para.2),定位到第二段

的第二句"Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatend

upimpingingonhealth."意為"他們認(rèn)為美不應(yīng)該以……健康的外表來界定。"

該句承接本段第一句Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofup-liftingmotives,

其中，Suchmeasures指代第一段中闡述的"雇傭過瘦的模特定為犯罪”的法

律規(guī)定，且excessive一詞表明了貶義的感情。由此可推斷出impingingon對

是"有害的、不利的"，故選

healthDo

23［單選ofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?

A.TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.

B.ltsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.

C.Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.

D.NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.

正確答案：D

參考解析：由關(guān)鍵詞定位在原文第五段。由該段第二句可知，丹麥、美國等國家

正在制定模特的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。與項(xiàng)〃丹麥正在制定新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)"相符合，故選

BDe

24［單選題JAdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor.

A.pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.

B.caringtoomuchaboutmodels'character.

C.showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.

0.settingahighagethresholdformodels.

正確答案：C

參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，定位到倒數(shù)第二段，其中指出"...enforcementis

todenyaccessfordesigners../7,意為"法案拒絕設(shè)計(jì)師進(jìn)入CFW,它是由

丹麥時裝學(xué)院創(chuàng)辦的。"再根據(jù)該段前兩句可知，丹麥時尚界同意關(guān)于模特的年

紀(jì)、健康以及其他特點(diǎn)的法規(guī)和制裁，也就是說，丹麥時裝學(xué)院不再只關(guān)注身材，

也關(guān)注健康。而設(shè)計(jì)師一般都是以瘦為美，而忽視健康。綜上所述，設(shè)計(jì)師被拒

絕的原因是不太考慮健康因素，故選

c0

25［單選題］\Nh\chofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

A.TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

BJustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty

C.ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance

D.AChallengetotheFashionIndustry'sBodyIdeals

正確答案：D

參考解析：文章首段指出法律要求時尚界不能用過瘦的模特，接下來的段落重點(diǎn)

說明時尚界的模特還需考慮年紀(jì)、健康以及其他方面的因素等。因文章中心是對

時尚界理想體型觀點(diǎn)的挑戰(zhàn)，故D項(xiàng)"AChallengetotheFashionIndustry,

sBodyIdeals"正確。

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答26-30題

Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritain

thishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate"thecountryside"

alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)as

whatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.

AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhouses

buttosave"thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever."Itwasspecificallyto

providecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience"a

refreshingair."Hill'spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreen

belts.Theydon'tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumes

moreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.

Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.The

Conservatives'planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityover

conservation,evenauthorising"off-plan"buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.

Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labour

likewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.

TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththose

pleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtect

RuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalConservativeparties.

Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,in

citiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStiflingAckroyd

recentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfofmillionhousesintheLondonareaalone,

withnointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.

Theideathat"housingcrisis"equals"concretedmeadows"ispurelobbytalk.The

issueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobby

pressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationand

renewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafree

marketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.

Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.We

donotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?

Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope's

mostcrowdedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenableditto

retainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.

Thereisnodoubtofthealternative—thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,

SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandright

ofthepoliticalspectrum.

26Britain'spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside.

A.isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.

B.isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.

C.didn'tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.

D.hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.

正確答案：A

參考解析：由題干"英國大眾對于鄉(xiāng)村的觀點(diǎn)"可定位至文章的第一段。從文章

第一段的后半段能得出：英國人民在民意調(diào)查中將"鄉(xiāng)村"和王室、莎士比亞以

及英國國民保健制度并列為讓他們最為自豪的四個方面，但是這種觀點(diǎn)得到的政

治支持卻極為有限。治notwellreflectedinpolitics"（在政治中沒有得到很

好的體現(xiàn)）是對原文的同義替換，故選

Ao

27博港越/AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNational

Trustarenowbeing.

A.largelyovershadowed.

B.properlyprotected.

C.effectivelyreinforced.

0.graduallydestroyed.

正確答案：D

參考解析：第二段通過第一句的"Acenturyago"和后面的Tater"可知是在

進(jìn)行古今對比。題干中問的是"now”,對比后半部分中的"Theydon'tmake

countrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.”

一句表明現(xiàn)在的NationalTrust已背離了它原始的初衷，它之前的那些成就已

經(jīng)消失了。正是對這一意思的表述，故選

graduallydestroyedDe

28［單選題］ofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

A.Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.

B.TheConservativesmayabandon"off-plan"building.

C.Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.

D.TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.

正確答案：C

參考解析：第三段主要講了各大黨派對于這個觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度：基本都不贊同。該段

倒數(shù)第二句"OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththosepleading

foramoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.”說明只有Ukip這

個黨派是贊同這個觀點(diǎn)，要保護(hù)鄉(xiāng)村的。項(xiàng)正是對原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，故選

cCo

29［單選題］'heauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne'spreference.

A.showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.

B.stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.

C.highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.

D.revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.

正確答案：A

參考解析：根據(jù)第五段第三句"GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-build

againsturbanrenovationandrenewal和第四句"Hefavoursout-of-town

shoppingsitesagainsthighstreets的謂語都用了favours"喜歡"一詞，

又分別在賓語部分使用了ruralnew-build"開發(fā)鄉(xiāng)村"和out-of-town

shoppingsites"郊外購物場所”這兩個詞，由此可以看出GeorgeOsborne

更偏爰在鄉(xiāng)間開發(fā)而非在城區(qū)開發(fā)。而且從該段最后兩句可以看出，作者對

GeorgeOsborne持反對態(tài)度，認(rèn)為GeorgeOsborne的偏爰實(shí)際上有利于

而毀壞了由段落分析可知，

urbanconservationareas,ruralconservationo

GeorgeOsborne顯然支中寺ruraldevelopment而非ruralconservation，他

對的漠不關(guān)心，所以項(xiàng)是對原文的合理概括，故選

ruralareascharacterAAo

30［單選題八nthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciation

of.

A.thesizeofpopulationinBritain.

B.theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.

C.thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.

D.thepoliticallifeintoday'sBritain.

正確答案：C

參考解析：本題屬于觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題，由最后一段第一句話可以確定本段的中心是第

一句"Developmentshouldbeplanned,notlettrip",說明發(fā)展是要有計(jì)

劃的，不能任其自由發(fā)展。然后再具體講經(jīng)過半個世紀(jì)有計(jì)劃地發(fā)展，取得了很

好的成效，故選c"thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain”(英國的城鄉(xiāng)

發(fā)展計(jì)劃)。

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答31-35題

"Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness,"wroteMiltonFriedman,

aNobelprize-winningeconomist,"Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengagein

activitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits."ButevenifyouacceptFriedman'spremise

andregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders'

money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmay

createmonetaryvalueforcompanies—atleastwhentheyareprosecutedfor

corruption.

ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayear

onCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvalueto

theirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa"signal"

thatacompany'sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingto

buyacompany'sproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.

Andthird,throughamorediffuse"haloeffect",wherebyitsgooddeedsearnit

greaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.

PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecause

consumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.Arecentstudyattemptstoseparatethemby

lookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerica'sForeign

CorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumea

company'sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlyby

thehaloeffect.

Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensive

CSR.programmestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthe

possibilitythatitwasfirms'politicalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,that

accountedfortheleniency:Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaigns

didnotreceivelowerfines.

Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacase

basedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany'srecordinCSR."We

estimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschild

labour,orincreasingcorporategivingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare

40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingforeignofficials,"saysone

researcher.

Researchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuch

businessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesare

bankingonthehaloeffect,ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecide

theirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleasttheyhavedemonstratedthatwhencompanies

getintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostly

punishment.

31［單選題］TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman'sstatementaboutCSR

with.

A.tolerance.

B.skepticism.

C.approval.

0.uncertainty.

正確答案：B

參考解析：第一段第一句指出Friedman認(rèn)為："企業(yè)有且只有一種責(zé)任，即為

增加利潤而運(yùn)用資源，開展活動"。緊接著用But一詞使得文章內(nèi)容發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折,

由But和evenif這些詞可以推測作者持反對或者質(zhì)疑的態(tài)度。作者說即使接受

了Friedman的假設(shè)并且認(rèn)為有關(guān)企業(yè)社會責(zé)任的政策是浪費(fèi)股東的錢，在這種

情況下，事情也還不完全明了。thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut實(shí)際

上是在說，即使按照Friedman的理念去實(shí)施，也并不一定就能達(dá)到這個理念的

目的——利益的最大化。然后第四句話進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充了研究結(jié)論，CSR或許會為

企業(yè)帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)價值，并不是Friedman所認(rèn)為的是浪費(fèi)股東的錢。由此可知作者

對Friedman1sstatement持質(zhì)疑的態(tài)度，故B項(xiàng)skepticism是最佳答案。

32AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby.

A.guardingitagainstmalpractices.

B.protectingitfrombeingdefamed.

C.winningtrustfromconsumers.

0.raisingthequalityofitsproducts.

正確答案：C

參考解析：公司花大筆資金在CSR上面,其結(jié)果就是"Thiscouldaddvalueto

theirbusinessinthreeways"(這樣可以以三種方式分別給公司帶來價值)。緊

接著文章分別闡述這三方式，綜合這三方面可知CSR是通過贏得顧客的信任從

而幫助公司獲益的，故選

Co

33［單選題］'beexpression"morelenient"(Para.4)isclosestinmeaning

to.

A.lesscontroversial.

B.moreeffective.

C.morelasting.

D.lesssevere.

正確答案：D

參考解析：通過第四段第二句的描述可以得知CSR和政治影響是對立的兩個因

素。而第二句冒號后面交代，參與政治活動較多的公司不會受到較低的罰款。這

就意味著具有全面的CSR項(xiàng)目的公司受到的罰款比較低。因第一句話中的more

是指即不那么嚴(yán)重的懲罰，故選

lenientpenaltieslesssevere,De

34［單選題］Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany'sCSR

record.

A.hasanimpactontheirdecision.

B.comesacrossasreliableevidence.

C.increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized.

0.constitutespartoftheinvestigation.

正確答案：A

參考解析：由題干中的prosecutorsevaluateacase定位到第五段第二句。該

句指出雖然檢察官在評估一個案件時，應(yīng)該基于其本身特征，實(shí)際上還是受到了

公司CSR記錄的影響。故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。題干中的acompany1sCSRrecord

是原文信息的復(fù)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)中的"hasanimpact"是原文"beinfluenced"的

同義替換，theirdecision具體指檢察官的評估決定。

35［單選題］\Nh\chofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelast

paragraph?

A.Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked.

B.Thenecessaryamountofcompanies'spendingonitisunknown.

C.Companies'financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated.

D.lthasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.

正確答案：B

參考解析：由題干定位到末段。該段首句指出，研究者們承認(rèn)他們的研究沒有解

決的問題是:針對CSR各大企業(yè)到底該支出多少費(fèi)用。選項(xiàng)A中Thenecessary

amountofcompanies1spendingonit（it指代CRS）是原文howmuch

businessesoughttospendonCRS的同義替換，表達(dá)的核心都是"公司到底

該支出多少費(fèi)用"；unknown對應(yīng)原文中的doesnotanswerthequestion,

對這個問題并沒有做出回答，故選

Be

材料題

根據(jù)下面資料，回答36-40題

TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstories

onnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate."Sometimeinthe

future,"thepaper'spublishersaidbackin2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandthe

rustleofpagesaside,there'splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructure

requiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper—printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn'tjust

expensive;it'sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon'thavethesame

setoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.And

thoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefrom

printisstilldeclining.

Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprintedition

wouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimes

shouldn'twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoing

ittherightway."Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesense

forthem,"hesaid,"butifyoudiscontinueit,you'regoingtohaveyourmostloyal

customersreallyupsetwithyou."

Sometimesthat'sworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflix

discontinuingitsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming."Itwasseenasa

blunder,"hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwerein

chargeattheTimes?"Iwouldn'tpickayeartoendprint,"hesaid."Iwouldraise

pricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct."

Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,and

they'dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein."So

ifyou'reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,"Perettisaid.

"Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditional

revenue."Inotherwords,ifyou'regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthe

peoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.WhichmaybewhattheTimesisdoing

already.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—more

thantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription.

"It'sareallyhardthingtodoandit'satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn'thave

alegacybusiness,"Perettiremarked."Butwe'regoingtohavequestionslikethat

wherewehavethingswe'redoingthatdon'tmakesensewhenthemarketchanges

andtheworldchanges.Inthosesituations,it'sbettertobemoreaggressivethanless

aggressive."

36［單選題］'heNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprintedition

partlydueto.

A.thehighcostofoperation.

B.theincreasingonlineadsales.

C.thepressurefromitsinvestors.

D.thecomplaintsfromitsreaders.

正確答案：A

參考解析：由關(guān)鍵詞"ending"和"duet。"定位到第二段主題句中的"incentive

toditchprint（放棄印刷的原因）"。隨后解釋了"infrastructureisnztjust

expensive（設(shè)備不僅昂貴）"。此外，該段還對比了競爭對手的電子圖書"don'

thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints（他們就沒有這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)限制）”0

因此，可以確定答案為D項(xiàng)"高昂的運(yùn)營成本"。B項(xiàng)"網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告收入日益增加"

與該段"Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobile

counterparts"相違背；C項(xiàng)”來自投資者的壓力"和D項(xiàng)"讀者的抱怨"都是

無中生有，皆排除。

37［單選題］PereBsuggeststhat,infaceofthepresentsituation,the

Timesshould.

A.endtheprinteditionforgood.

B.makestrategicadjustments.

C.seeknewsourcesofreadership.

D.aimforefficientmanagement.

正確答案：B

參考解析：根據(jù)"Perettisuggests"定位到闡述Peretti觀點(diǎn)的第四段第一句

"PerettisaystheTimesshouldn1twastetimegettingoutoftheprint

business,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.”可以確定答

案為A項(xiàng)"進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整"。A項(xiàng)"永遠(yuǎn)