2013年中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院考博英語(yǔ)真題試卷(題后含答案及解析)

2013年中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院考博英語(yǔ)真題試卷(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.StructureandVocabulary2.Grammar3.ErrorIdentification4.ReadingComprehension5.English-ChineseTranslation6.Chinese-EnglishTranslationStructureandVocabulary1．Ifeelthatwemustrespectthispointofviewandaccepttheconvictionofthemanypeoplewhoholdit,becausethatishowtheyfeelaboutlifeandmorality.A．beliefB．culpabilityC．offenseD．therapy正確答案：A解析：conviction意為“信念”。A選項(xiàng)：belief意為“信念，信條”，與畫(huà)線單詞的意義相符，如：Itisourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy．我們堅(jiān)信，改善醫(yī)療保健會(huì)使經(jīng)濟(jì)更加繁榮昌盛。故選A。在其他三項(xiàng)中，B選項(xiàng)：culpability苛責(zé)，有罪；C選項(xiàng)：offense犯罪；D選項(xiàng)：therapy療法，治療，都與畫(huà)線單詞的意義不符。2．Wittinglyorunwittingly,ourcourtsarecreatingwhattheReverendRichardJohnNeuhauscallsa“nakedpublicsquare”,asecularcommunitydevoidofanyreligiouscommitments.A．deprivedofB．divestedofC．lackinginD．exemptfrom正確答案：C解析：devoidof意為“缺乏的，沒(méi)有的”。C選項(xiàng)：lackingin意為“在……缺少[不足]”，與畫(huà)線單詞的意義相符，如：Vitaminpillsmakeupwhatyoulackinyourdiet．維生素片補(bǔ)充你飲食中所缺之物。故選C。在其他三項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)：depriveof剝奪……；B選項(xiàng)：divestedof使失去，剝奪；D選項(xiàng)：exemptfrom使免除，豁免，都與畫(huà)線單詞的意義不符。3．MostofuswillnotwantmercykillingoreuthanasiauntilthelastminuteandevenassistedsuicidecampaignerslikeTimothyLearyoftenbackoutoftheactanddienaturaldeaths.A．propupB．flinchC．fallbehindD．retain正確答案：B解析：backoutof意為“退出，取消”。B選項(xiàng)：flinch意為“回避，退縮”，與畫(huà)線單詞的意義相符，如：Theworldcommunityshouldnotflinchinthefaceofthischallenge．國(guó)際社會(huì)在面對(duì)這一挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)不應(yīng)該回避。故選B。在其他三項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)：propup支撐，維持；C選項(xiàng)：fallbehind落后，下降，逾期(付款等)；D選項(xiàng)：retain保留，保持，都與畫(huà)線單詞的意義不符。4．Loveisloveanddeathisdeath,foraSouthAfricanBushmanandaFrenchsurrealistalike.Sothethemesofliteraturehaveatonceaninfinitevarietyandanabidingconstancy.A．continuingB．refrainingC．interchangingD．corresponding正確答案：A解析：abiding意為“持久的，持續(xù)的”。A選項(xiàng)：continuing意為“繼續(xù)存在的，持續(xù)的”，與畫(huà)線單詞的意義相符，如：Themeetingtakesplaceagainstabackgroundofcontinuingpoliticalviolence．這次會(huì)議是在政治暴力連續(xù)不斷的背景下召開(kāi)的。故選A。在其他三項(xiàng)中，B選項(xiàng)：refraining抑制；C選項(xiàng)：interchanging交換；D選項(xiàng)：corresponding相應(yīng)的，相關(guān)的，都與畫(huà)線單詞的意義不符。5．Thisidea,intheavowedpantheismofSpinoza,wassufferedtolapseduringthe18thcentury,wasrevivedagainbyLessingandHerder,andbecameoneofthecentralideasofthegreatRomanticandHegelianmovementsinGermanyinthe19thcentury.A．ceaseB．thriveC．supersedeD．deplete正確答案：A解析：lapse意為“退步，終止”。A選項(xiàng)：cease意為“(使)停止，結(jié)束”，與畫(huà)線單詞的意義相符，如：Atoneo’clocktherainhadceased．一點(diǎn)時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。故選A。在其他三項(xiàng)中，B選項(xiàng)：thrive繁榮，茁壯成長(zhǎng)；C選項(xiàng)：supersede替代；D選項(xiàng)：deplete耗盡，使枯竭，都與畫(huà)線單詞的意義不符。6．Mostofitisfugitive,buthereandthere—inhigh-leveljournalism,intelevision,inthecinema,incommercialfiction,inwesternsanddetectivestories,andinplain,expositoryprose—somewriting,almostbyaccident,achievesanaestheticsatisfaction,adepthandrelevancethatentitleittostandwithotherexamplesoftheartofliterature.A．plausibleB．consequentialC．prudentialD．temporary正確答案：D解析：fugitive意為“無(wú)常的，易變的，短暫的”。D選項(xiàng)：temporary意為“短暫的，暫時(shí)的”，與畫(huà)線單詞的意義相符，如：Mostadolescentproblemsaretemporary．多數(shù)青少年問(wèn)題都是暫時(shí)性的。故選D。在其他三項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)：plausible貌似有理的，花言巧語(yǔ)的；B選項(xiàng)：consequential結(jié)果的；C選項(xiàng)：prudential謹(jǐn)慎的，都與畫(huà)線單詞的意義不符。7．AsGermansocialtheoristHabermas’LegitimationCrisisexplained,onceaprocessgovernedinformallyisregulatedbythestate,itthrowsintoquestionallotherinformalprocessesconnectedwiththeoriginalprocess.Regulationsbegetregulations.A．bringaboutB．resultfromC．endupinD．takeover正確答案：A解析：beget意為“產(chǎn)生，引起”。A選項(xiàng)：bringabout意為“導(dǎo)致，引起”，與畫(huà)線單詞的意義相符，如：Theonlywaytheycanbringaboutpoliticalchangeisbyputtingpressureonthecountry．要使該國(guó)進(jìn)行政治變革，唯一的辦法就是對(duì)其施壓。故選A。在其他三項(xiàng)中，B選項(xiàng)：resultfrom產(chǎn)生于……；C選項(xiàng)：endupin以……結(jié)束；D選項(xiàng)：takeover接替，接任，都與畫(huà)線單詞的意義不符。8．Itiseasytocomplicatethings,toindulgein“somethingtodo”or“somethingtothinkabout”insteadofstillingthemonkey-mind,findingthefutilityofcontrivedactionwhichleadsonlytoseparation,hardness,ethics,self-righteousness,andultimatestrife.A．fluxB．paradoxC．conformityD．uselessness正確答案：D解析：futility意為“無(wú)益，無(wú)用，徒勞”。D選項(xiàng)：uselessness意為“無(wú)用，無(wú)效，無(wú)價(jià)值”，與畫(huà)線單詞的意義相符，如：Tooilltogetoutofbed，shehadstrongfeelingsofuselessness．由于疾病纏身，臥床不起，她深深地感到力不從心。故選D。在其他三項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)：flux流出，變遷；B選項(xiàng)：paradox悖論；C選項(xiàng)：conformity符合，遵守，都與畫(huà)線單詞的意義不符。9．Alternatively,itcanbepresentedbyacarefularrangementofobjectivefacts,wherepsychologicaldevelopmentisdescribedpurelyintermsofbehavior,andwherethereader’ssubjectiveresponseiselicitedbytheminutedescriptionsofphysicalreality,asinthegreatestChinesenovelslikeTheDreamoftheRedChamber,whichconvincesthereaderthatthroughthenovelheisseeingrealityitselfratherthananartfullycontrivedsemblanceofreality.A．a(chǎn)ppearanceB．criticismC．occurrenceD．contrast正確答案：A解析：semblance意為“表象，外觀”。A選項(xiàng)：appearance意為“外貌，外觀”，與畫(huà)線單詞的意義相符，如：Floweringplantsweremakingtheirfirstappearance，butwerestillararity．顯花植物開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了，但仍然很少。故選A。在其他三項(xiàng)中，B選項(xiàng)：criticism批評(píng)，評(píng)論；C選項(xiàng)：occurrence發(fā)生，事件；D選項(xiàng)：contrast差異，對(duì)比，都與畫(huà)線單詞的意義不符。10．Gender-basedviolenceencompassesawiderangeofhumanrightsviolations,includingsexualabuseofchildren,rape,domesticviolence,sexualassaultandharassment,traffickingofwomenandgirlsandseveralharmfultraditionalpractices.A．batteringB．tradingC．veneratingD．craving正確答案：B解析：trafficking意為“非法買(mǎi)賣，非法交易”。B選項(xiàng)：trading意為“貿(mào)易，交易”，與畫(huà)線單詞的意義相符，如：Theytradedlandforgoodsandmoney．他們用土地?fù)Q取了貨物與金錢(qián)。故選B。在其他三項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)：battering猛擊；C選項(xiàng)：venerating敬重，崇敬：D選項(xiàng)：craving渴望，熱望，都與畫(huà)線單詞的意義不符。11．Thatbecamesomewhatmoregentleascarebecamemoresophisticated.Weenteredwhatmightbecalledthe______Period,wherethephysicianwaslikeafatherwhoknewwhatwasbestforhispatient.A．ParentalB．MaternalC．FraternalD．Paternal正確答案：D解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：Parental父母的；Maternal母親的；Fraternal兄弟般的；Paternal父親的?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋覀儾饺氲臅r(shí)期可稱為父系時(shí)期，這一時(shí)期的醫(yī)生就像父親，他清楚什么對(duì)病人最好。據(jù)此可知，正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。12．Mostpersonsexperiencea______increaseinmemoryproblemsastheygetolder,particularlywithregardtotheabilitytorememberrelativelyrecentexperiences.A．modestB．razor-sharpC．time-consumingD．prompt正確答案：A解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：modest些許的，謙遜的；razor-sharp鋒利的，(思維或頭腦)敏捷的；time-consuming費(fèi)時(shí)的；prompt迅速的。空格所在句意為，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，大多數(shù)人會(huì)感到記憶方面的問(wèn)題逐漸增多，特別是對(duì)最近經(jīng)歷的記憶能力。據(jù)此可知，正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。13．Any______futurereligionmusttakeseriouslytheimplicationsforreligionoftheremarkablediscoveriesofthemodernnaturalandhumansciences.A．reflexiveB．viableC．familialD．secular正確答案：B解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：reflexive反身的，反射(性)的；viable切實(shí)可行的，能存活的；familial家族的，家庭的；secular現(xiàn)世的，世俗的?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋魏慰梢源胬m(xù)的未來(lái)宗教都要重視現(xiàn)代自然科學(xué)和人文科學(xué)的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)它的影響。據(jù)此可知，正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。14．ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefense,andofcoursemakinga______researchcontributioninyourarea.A．heart-brokenB．record-breakingC．back-breakingD．ground-breaking正確答案：D解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：heart-broken心碎的，傷心的；record-breaking破紀(jì)錄的；back-breaking使人疲勞至極的；ground-breaking開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的，獨(dú)創(chuàng)的。空格所在句意為，項(xiàng)級(jí)的博士生項(xiàng)目設(shè)置了一個(gè)極高的標(biāo)桿：大量的課程、教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、博士資格考試、論文答辯以及，當(dāng)然，在你的研究領(lǐng)域做出的突破性研究貢獻(xiàn)。據(jù)此可知，正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。15．Manyrapecrisisandbatteredwomen’sprogramsalsohaveeducationalcomponentsfocusingonyouth.However,mostoftheseapproachesdependuponindividualclasspresentationswithoutensuringotheraspectsofnecessary______support,includingthoroughstafftraining,supportiveservicesformaleandfemalevictims,andrehabilitativeanddisciplinaryprogramsforabusers.A．stylizedB．dogmatizedC．formalizedD．institutionalized正確答案：D解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：stylized程式化的，格式化的；dogmatized武斷地提出；formalized使成為正式的；institutionalized使(某事物)制度化，使約定俗成?？崭袼诰湟鉃椋@些方法多數(shù)依靠個(gè)人的課堂展示，而不能確保其他方面必要的制度化支持。據(jù)此可知，正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。16．AncientGreeksbelievedthatthegods,whoresembledhumans,livedonMountOlympus,wheretheyhadahierarchicalsociety.Individualgodsbecameassociatedwiththreemain______—theskyorheaven,thesea,andtheearth.A．paradigmsB．regimesC．domainsD．regimens正確答案：C解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：paradigm范例，樣式，模范；regime政治制度，政體，政權(quán)；domain范圍，領(lǐng)域，領(lǐng)土；regimen(為病人規(guī)定的)生活規(guī)則，養(yǎng)生法?？崭袼诰湟鉃?，獨(dú)立的神明與三個(gè)主要領(lǐng)域聯(lián)系在一起——天空或天堂、海洋和地球。據(jù)此可知，正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。17．Itisintendedthattheseguidelinesshouldbeappliedflexiblyand______.A．substantiallyB．pragmaticallyC．dogmaticallyD．reflexively正確答案：B解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：substantially非常，相當(dāng)多地；pragmatically務(wù)實(shí)地；dogmatically武斷地；reflexively反身地，條件反射式地。空格所在句意為，目的是靈活、務(wù)實(shí)地運(yùn)用這些準(zhǔn)則。據(jù)此可知，正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。18．Conradproduced13novels,2volumesofmemoirs,and28shortstories.Hislifeatsea______thebackgroundformuchofhiswriting.A．renderedB．furnishedC．concededD．a(chǎn)scribed正確答案：B解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：rendered歸還，給予(幫助)；furnished提供；conceded承認(rèn)；ascribed歸因于。空格所在句意為，他在海上的生活為他的很多作品提供了背景資料。據(jù)此可知，正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。19．ThisEnglishdocumentiscompiledbytheBureauofLegislativeAffairsoftheStateCouncilofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,andispublishedbytheChinaLegalSystemPublishingHouse.Incaseof______,theoriginalversioninChineseshallprevail.A．incongruityB．disagreementC．discrepancyD．disharmony正確答案：C解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：incongruity不和諧，不協(xié)調(diào)；disagreement意見(jiàn)不一，爭(zhēng)論；discrepancy差異，不符；disharmony不和諧，不協(xié)調(diào)。空格所在句意為，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)分歧時(shí)，應(yīng)以中文版為準(zhǔn)。據(jù)此可知，正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。20．Similarcutsare______atStanford,whichisplanningtoslash$43millionoverthenexttwoyears.AndColumbiaUniversity,whichfacesa$50milliondeficit,willprobablyfollowsuit,althoughtheheadsof26arts-and-sciencesdepartmentshavethreatenedtoquitifthecutbacksaretooharsh.A．lurkingB．loomingC．saggingD．soaring正確答案：B解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：lurking埋伏；looming逼近，即將爆發(fā)；sagging下凹；soaring快速上升。空格所在句意為，類似的資金削減即將發(fā)生在斯坦福大學(xué)，該大學(xué)正計(jì)劃在未來(lái)兩年削減4300萬(wàn)美元。據(jù)此可知，正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。Grammar21．Anotherconcern______hastodowiththeeffectone’slivingwillmighthaveoninsurancepremiums.Canone’sinsuranceratesgoupiftheyrequesttotalcareinsteadofminimalcareduringtheirfinaldays?A．toberaisedB．havingraisedC．beingraisedD．raising正確答案：C解析：空格所在句子的主語(yǔ)是concern，和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞raise之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。分析句子可知所填詞表示正在出現(xiàn)的情況，因此C項(xiàng)正確。22．Mypurposeistoconsiderif,inpoliticalsociety,therecanbeanylegitimateandsureprincipleofgovernment,takingmenastheyareandlawsastheymightbe.InthisinquiryIshalltryalwaystobringtogether______with______sothatjusticeandutilityareinonewaydivided.A．whichrightpermitted...whichinterestprescribedB．whatrightpermits...whichinterestprescribedC．whatrightpermits...whatinterestprescribesD．whichrightpermitted...whatinterestprescribes正確答案：C解析：bringtogether意為“使結(jié)合[連接]”，由with連接的兩個(gè)部分做賓語(yǔ)。which與what都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，區(qū)別是當(dāng)指代無(wú)限定范圍的事物時(shí)用what，指代有限定范圍的事物時(shí)用which，根據(jù)空格處兩個(gè)從句的意思(權(quán)利允許的一切以及利益要求的一切)可知應(yīng)由what引導(dǎo)。兩個(gè)從句陳述的是一般事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此C項(xiàng)正確。23．TheFrenchmathematiciandeLaplacenextreasonedthatifenoughmass______addedtoastarlikethesun,thegravitationalforceofthestar______eventuallypreventlightparticlesfromleavingit;itwouldtherefore“blinkout”andbecomeaninvisibleblackstar.A．were...wouldB．was...wouldC．was...wouldhaveD．were...wouldhave正確答案：A解析：本題考查if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如果是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，表示說(shuō)話時(shí)不存在或與事實(shí)相反的情況，if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式為：If+主語(yǔ)+did／were，主語(yǔ)+should／would／could+do。例句：IfyouknewEnglishwell，youwouldbeabletotalkwithforeignersfreely．如果你英語(yǔ)掌握得好，你就能和外國(guó)人自由交談了。據(jù)此可知，A項(xiàng)正確。24．Especiallyserious,forthedistortiontheycauseintheimageofaltruism,______compensationsintheformofsocialadvantagesorofpersonalorgrouppower,particularlyacceptedincountrieslikeSpainorItaly.A．hadbeenB．wereC．isD．a(chǎn)re正確答案：D解析：本題考查的是倒裝句。前置的是做表語(yǔ)的Especiallyserious；主句的主語(yǔ)是compensations，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，從句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此應(yīng)選are，D項(xiàng)正確。由于句子主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，此句采用了倒裝形式。25．Altruism,otherwiseknownashelpingbehavior,canbedefinedasbehaviorthatpromotesthewellbeingofotherswithoutconsciouslytakingaccountofself-interest.Batsonetal.statethat“egoisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stategoalofincreasingthe______ownwelfare”,while“altruisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stateofincreasingthe_____welfare”.A．helper’s...other’sB．other’s...helper’sC．helper’s...another’sD．a(chǎn)nother’s...other’s正確答案：A解析：本題空格處的句意是利己主義者關(guān)心的是施助者的利益，利他主義者關(guān)注他人的利益。helper意為“幫助者”；theother意為“其他人”；another意為“另一個(gè)”，不與定冠詞the連用。故用other，因此A項(xiàng)正確。26．Studiesofveryyoungboysandgirlsshowonlythat,______boysmayhavealowertoleranceforfrustration,andatendencytowardsrough-and-tumbleplay,thesetendenciesaredwarfedbytheimportanceofmalesocializationandpeerpressureintogenderroles.A．a(chǎn)lthoughB．becauseC．howeverD．a(chǎn)slongas正確答案：A解析：空格處所在句子的句意是：盡管男孩可能對(duì)挫折的容忍度較低，還有打鬧的傾向，但這些傾向被男性重要的社會(huì)性和性別角色的壓力弱化了。分析句意可知，從句和主句之間是讓步關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)選“although盡管，雖然”，A項(xiàng)正確。27．Think,inthesecondplace,______menofmoralprincipleowestosocietyinregardtotheevilswhichcorruptanddegradeit.A．ofthedutywhichB．thedutyofwhichC．thedutyinwhichD．ofthedutyofwhichthe正確答案：A解析：分析句子可知，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)thinkof被插入語(yǔ)inthesecondplace分開(kāi)。men為泛指，因此前面不加定冠詞the。duty在which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，故關(guān)系代詞前不需要加of。A項(xiàng)正確。28．Clause13providesforthedocumentationnecessaryforanaudittrailwherebythephysiciansendsthedeclarationandproofthatallthequalifyingdocumentshavebeenmet______acommissionconsistingofageneralpractitioner,alaymemberand—youguessedit—alawyer.A．forB．withC．toD．from正確答案：C解析：本題考查介詞的用法。空格處所在句子的主干是“thephysiciansendsthedeclarationandproof…toacommission…”，sendsth．to意為“把某物送到某處或送給某人”?！皌hatallthequalifyingdocumentshavebeenmet”是由that引導(dǎo)的從句，修飾thedeclarationandproof；“consistingofageneralpractitioner,alaymemberand—youguessedit—alawyer”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞acommission。據(jù)此可知，C項(xiàng)正確。29．UnderOregon’sDeathwithDignityAct,whichcameintoforcein1997,physician-assistedsuicidehasaccountedforbetween0.06and0.14percentoftotaldeaths,orsomewherearound40peryear.TheestimatefordeathsinBritain,______,is650.A．shouldtheproposedlegislationbecomelawB．a(chǎn)slongastheproposedlegislationbecamelawC．soonaftertheproposedlegislationbecomeslawD．theproposedlegislationshouldbecomelaw正確答案：A解析：本題考查的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分含有助動(dòng)詞should時(shí)，可省略if并將should前置，構(gòu)成倒裝句?？崭袼诰渥颖硎緦?duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)(如果這一立法建議成為法律的話)，此處的虛擬條件句僅保留了條件部分。根據(jù)estimate(估算，估計(jì))可知這一立法建議目前在英國(guó)尚未被采納。A項(xiàng)正確。30．AlthoughKantarguedthatlyingwas“theobliterationofone’sdignityasahumanbeing”andheldthattheruleagainstlyingwasabsolute,______nowadaysthatthemoralrulenottoliehastobequalifiedbycircumstance.A．littlewoulddisagreeB．fewwoulddisagreeC．littlewouldagreeD．fewwouldagree正確答案：B解析：根據(jù)從句的主語(yǔ)可以推知，空格處所在句子的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為表示“人”的代詞，故選few，因?yàn)閘ittle指代不可數(shù)名詞。另外，根據(jù)句意(康德認(rèn)為，說(shuō)謊是“人的尊嚴(yán)的喪失”，認(rèn)為反對(duì)說(shuō)謊的規(guī)則是絕對(duì)的，但很少有人否認(rèn)，誠(chéng)實(shí)這一道德準(zhǔn)則不得不受制于環(huán)境)可判斷出應(yīng)該使用雙重否定形式表示肯定，因此B項(xiàng)正確。ErrorIdentification31．OnecommonalityoffitnessisthestrongassociationofmilitaryandpoliticalmightAwithphysicalfitnessthroughoutmankind’sadvancement.Inmanyways,thisshowshowBimpactingourworldleaderscanbeonhealthandfitness.Themind-bodyconcepthashadatenuousdevelopment.Attimes,someculturesprescribedspiritualityattheexpenseofthebodyCwhereasothers,suchasGreeksociety,Dupholdtheidealthatasoundmindcanonlybefoundinahealthybody.A．B．C．D．正確答案：D解析：whereas引導(dǎo)的句子與前面的句子是并列關(guān)系，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞prescribed的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，因此應(yīng)將uphold改為upheld。32．SeniorstypicallyexhibitgreaterAexperience-basedknowledge,increasedaccuracy,betterjudgment,andgenerallyBimprovedabilitytohandlefamiliartasksthanyoungerpersons.Suchappliedknowledge,orwisdom,mayinfactbeconsiderablymoreimportanttoCone’sabilitytoaccomplishmosttasksofday-to-daylifethanDdotheabstractabilitiestappedbyintelligencetests.A．B．C．D．正確答案：D解析：根據(jù)than前面的mayinfactbeconsiderablymoreimportant可知，than引導(dǎo)的是部分倒裝形式的比較狀語(yǔ)從句，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為are(主語(yǔ)abilities為復(fù)數(shù)名詞)，因此應(yīng)將dotheabstractabilities改為aretheabstractabilities。33．ItisbelievedthatdictionariesarehighestauthorityAinmatterofmeaningandusage.BFewpeopleaskCbywhatauthoritythedictionariessaywhattheysay.Nowletusseehowdictionariesaremade.ButwhatfollowsDappliesonlytothoseofficeswherefirsthand,originalresearchgoeson.A．B．C．D．正確答案：A解析：inmatterof后面有meaning和usage兩個(gè)名詞，而matter指的是這兩個(gè)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此應(yīng)將inmatterof改為inmattersof。34．PlatosuggestedmemorywasanalogousAtotheimpressionofmessagesonwaxBwritingtablets.ForPlato,writingonthetabletrepresentedlearningsomethingnew.Thetabletitselfwasthememorystore,andreadingthetabletslaterwasanalogoustoCtrytorecallthestoredinformation.Unfortunately,Plato’sanalogymissesanimportantcharacteristicofmemory,Dnamelythatitisselective.A．B．C．D．正確答案：C解析：beanalogousto意為“類似于”，其中to是介詞，后面應(yīng)接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)將trytorecall改為tryingtorecall。35．Voluntaryandnon-remunerateddonationmaybesufficientforacountryoraregionAtocoverallitsbloodproductneeds,butBrequireanefficientorganizationandtheeliminationof“spuriousAltruism”,non-monetaryformsofcompensationCthatharmthesocialimageofvoluntarydonationandobstructDitsfurtherdevelopment.A．B．C．D．正確答案：B解析：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞require所在句子的主語(yǔ)是donation，是單數(shù)名詞，因此應(yīng)將require改為requires。36．ALessnotedbutBequallysignificant,themenandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960Calsoreducedthedivorcerateafterapostwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthanDdidthoseofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.A．B．C．D．正確答案：B解析：equally意為“同樣地”，其前后通常用同樣結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)或句子。equally前是形容詞比較級(jí)，故其后也應(yīng)該用形容詞比較級(jí)，因此應(yīng)將equallysignificant改為equallymoresignificant。37．ThepoliceAhaddecidednottoproceedwithaprosecutionagainstIrwin,BclearlyrecognizingthatitwashighlyunlikelythatanyjuryinthelandCwouldwishtopunishhimfordoingsomethingthatdoctorshavelongdoneinthefinalmomentsofaDpatient’sorfriend’slives.A．B．C．D．正確答案：D解析：apatient’sorfriend’s中的名詞都是單數(shù)形式，其后的名詞lives也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，因此應(yīng)將patient’sorfriend’slives改為patient’sorfriend’slife。38．ALikeyoungwomen,whetherstudentsornot,wearestillinthestageBmostvaluedbymale-dominantcultures:wehaveourfullpotentialasworkers,wives,andchildbearers.Thatmeanswehavenotyetexperiencedthelifeeventsthataremostradicalizingforwomen:enteringthepaid-laborforceandfindingoutthatCit_isnotyetanequalpartnership;havinganddiscoveringwhoisresponsibleforthemandwhoisnot;andDaging,stillagreaterpenaltyforwomenthanformen.A．B．C．D．正確答案：A解析：根據(jù)句意可知，A項(xiàng)所在短語(yǔ)表示某種身份(即“身為年輕女性”)，as意為“作為……”，因此應(yīng)將Like改為As。39．TheconceptofthepatientAasfirstandforemostanindividualwillbereplacedbyageneric“patient”Bwhoevenmoregeneric“qualityoflife”isdeterminednotbyindividualqualitiesandrelationshipsCbutbyaflowchart.InsteadofdyingDsurroundedbyfriendsandfamily,wewillbesurroundedbypaper—andlawyers.A．B．C．D．正確答案：B解析：B項(xiàng)，who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞patient。但分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞短語(yǔ)“qualityoflife”，但who應(yīng)該單獨(dú)做定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，只有whose可在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)將who改為whose。40．InItaly,itisgoodmannersforamantoAgreetanothermanwithanembraceandakissBoneverycheek.CNotsoinSouthTexas,wheremenstand3feetapartandDat90degreeanglestoconversewithoneanother.Allcultureshaverulesandifyouviolatethem,youwillbeexcluded.A．B．C．D．正確答案：B解析：every指三個(gè)以上的人或事物的全體；each指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物中的每一個(gè)，因此應(yīng)將oneverycheek改為oneachcheek。ReadingComprehensionOntheafternoonofJuly2,1936,NaziSSleaderHeinrichHimmlerandacoterieofhisseniorofficersparadedonfootthroughthewindingcobblestonestreetsofQuedlinburg,oneofthemostperfectlypreservedmedievalcitiesinallEurope.Himmler’sstaffhadbeenplanningthetriptothesmallcityincentralGermanyforweeks.Theyorderedthestreetstobecleanedandtheoldhousesalongthemainthoroughfarestobepainted.TheydrapedNazibannersfromtherooftopsandgarlandsalongthewalls.TheyrehearsedtheSSband,drilledthelocalchapterofHitlerYouthandarrangedforanSSphotographertorecordtheproceedingsfrombeginningtoend.Nothingofimportancewasoverlooked.Dressedinashinyblackhelmet,immaculateblackuniformandtallblackboots,Himmlermadehiswayupthecity’sCastleHill.Paleandanemic-looking,withaspindlyframeandaheadoneortwosizestoosmallforhisbody,helookedstrangelyoutofplaceamonghisentourageoftall,athletic-lookingSSmen.HestoppedtoadmireQuedlinburg’ssplendidstonecastle,thenproceededtoitslargemedievalcathedral—theultimateobjectofhispilgrimage.HimmlerdespisedChristianity,areligionthatpreachedcompassionfortheweakandthebrotherhoodofallmenandacceptedaJewasthesonofGod.ButtheQuedlinburgcathedralguardedsomethingofimmenseimportancetohim—thetombofanobscure10th-centuryGermanking,HeinrichI.Himmlerwasenthralledbyancienthistory,andhewantedallSSmentosharehispassion.Indeed,heregardedthefeudalpastasablueprintforthefuturegloryoftheThirdReich.HeviewedHeinrichIasagreatleaderwhocouldserveasamodelforAdolfHitlerandplannedtotransformthecathedral’sdustytombintoanSSshrine.HimmlerstoodatthefootofthecryptandgaveaspeechexhortinghisofficerstopaycarefulheedtoGermany’sproudancientpast,“Justasatreewithersifitsrootsareremoved,soapeoplefalliftheydonothonortheirancestors,“helaterwarned.Foryears,scholarsoftheThirdReichhaveridiculedHimmler’sintenseinterestintheGermanpast,dismissingoccasionssuchashisvisittoQuedlinburgasthefoolishnessofafanaticdrunkonpower.EvensomeseniorNazispokedfunathisardorforhistory.AsAlbertSpeer,Hitler’sformerchiefarchitect,jeeredafterthewar,Himmler“washalfschoolmaster,halfcrackpot”.ButHimmlerwasdeadlyseriousaboutreturningtheThirdReichtothelostgoldenageofhisimagination.In1935hefoundedalargeSSresearchinstitute,employingmorethan100GermanscholarstostudythepastandhelptutorSSmeninthewaysoftheirancestors.Withsuchresearch,heintendedtotransformvaststretchesoftheReichintomedievalfiefdomsruledbySSlords,aplanhebeganactingonbeforethewar.Farfrombeingadreamerlostinfantasy,Himmlerwasacareful,methodicalplannerwhoworkeddiligentlytowardthissinisterfutureinmuchthesametirelesswaythathelaboredoncreatingtheconcentrationcampsystemandimplementinga“finalsolution”.Indeed,thesewerethetwinpolesofhisexistence,theyinandyangofhisworld:thesqualid,crowdedcampsandthesunnySSfarmvillages.Himmlersetaboutconstructingthisfutureinthreeways.Herecruitedtall,blond-hairedmentotheSSinordertoscientificallyrebreedwhathebelievedwasaprimevalmasterrace.Withthehelpofhisresearchers,heinstructedSSmenandtheirfamiliesinancientGermanreligion,loreandfarmingpractices.Andbeforethewarstarted,hebeganinstallingSSfamiliesin“feudal”villagesofnewlyfabricatedmedieval-stylehouses.HeplannedtocreatethousandsoftheseantiquecoloniesinconqueredlandsacrossEasternEurope.Inthisway,Himmlerhopedtogivebirthtoanewgoldenage,therebyreversingthedeclineofWesterncivilizationandrescuinghumanityfromitsmire.Thiswassocialengineeringinitsmostswaggering,arrogantform—utopianismgonehorriblywrong.ButHimmler,whorosetobecomethesecondmostpowerfulmanintheReichbyearly1945asHitler’shealthfailed,fullyintendedtocarryoutthatplanifNaziGermanywonthewar.OnlycrushingdefeatbytheAlliesstoppedhim.41．Whichofthefollowingexpressionsisclosestinmeaningto“coterie”?A．Aselectedgroupofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanotherfrequently.B．Alargenumberofpersonswithwhomonemightmeetonsocialoccasions.C．Anindiscriminategroupofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanotheronrareoccasions.D．Alargenumberofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanothertodiscusspoliticalmatters.正確答案：A解析：coterie意為“(志趣相投而排外的)小集團(tuán)，小圈子”。根據(jù)B，D兩項(xiàng)中的“alargenumberofpersons很多人”可知，這兩項(xiàng)可以排除。再根據(jù)C項(xiàng)中的“anindiscriminategroupofpersons一群不加選擇的人”可知，該項(xiàng)可以排除。因此A項(xiàng)“一群經(jīng)過(guò)選擇的、常常相互交往的人”正確。42．WhichofthefollowingphrasesbestdescribeshowHimmlerintendedallSSmentoassimilateGermany’sfeudalpast?A．Esotericcultandpractices.B．Eccentricapproach.C．Catatonicstate.D．Histrionicdisorder.正確答案：A解析：根據(jù)第三段中的“heregardedthefeudalpastasablueprintforthefuturegloryoftheThirdReich．He…plannedtotransformthecathedral’sdustytombintoanSSshrine．”可知，希姆萊認(rèn)為過(guò)去的封建制度是第三帝國(guó)輝煌的未來(lái)藍(lán)圖，他計(jì)劃把大教堂的墳?zāi)垢脑斐梢粋€(gè)神殿。再根據(jù)最后一段中的“heinstructedSSmenandtheirfamiliesinancientGermanreligion，loreandfarmingpractices”可知，他對(duì)黨衛(wèi)軍及其家人進(jìn)行古老德國(guó)宗教知識(shí)和農(nóng)事實(shí)踐方面的指導(dǎo)。據(jù)此可知，A項(xiàng)“宗教信仰和實(shí)踐”正確。43．Fromthispassage,itisclearthatHimmlerprimarilyintended______.A．tobringancientagriculturalpracticesinto20thcenturyGermanyB．toreturntoaprosperouseraduringwhichtheGermanpeoplelivedinidealhappinessC．toencouragethedevelopmentofmulticulturalisminameltingpotsocietyD．toeliminateallthosewhocouldhavethreatenedhisrisetopower正確答案：B解析：根據(jù)最后一段中的“Himmlerhopedtogivebirthtoanewgoldenage，therebyreversingthedeclineofWesterncivilizationandrescuinghumanityfromitsmire．”可知，希姆萊希望創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新的黃金時(shí)代，從而扭轉(zhuǎn)西方文明的衰落，將人類從泥潭中拯救出來(lái)。據(jù)此可知，希姆萊的主要意圖是復(fù)興德國(guó)人曾經(jīng)幸福生活的繁榮時(shí)代，B項(xiàng)正確。44．ForAlbertSpeerHimmlerwas“halfschoolmaster,halfcrackpot”.Towhichofthefollowingisthemeaningofthisquoteclosest?A．Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastwasregardedasabsurd.B．Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastprovokedintenserivalryamongotherprominentNazileaders.C．Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastprovokedwidespreademulationamongstotherprominentNazileaders.D．OthershadtheprivilegeofstudyingtheaweinspiringbreadthanddepthofHimmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpast.正確答案：A解析：根據(jù)第四段中的“Foryears，scholarsoftheThirdReichhaveridiculedHimmler’sintenseinterestintheGermanpast，dismissingoccasionssuchashisvisittoQuedlinburgasthefoolishnessofafanaticdrunkonpower．”可知，第三帝國(guó)的學(xué)者嘲笑希姆萊對(duì)德國(guó)往昔的濃厚興趣，認(rèn)為他對(duì)奎德林堡的訪問(wèn)是對(duì)權(quán)力愚蠢而狂熱的迷醉。據(jù)此可知，A項(xiàng)“希姆萊對(duì)德國(guó)中世紀(jì)歷史的熱愛(ài)被認(rèn)為是荒謬的”正確。45．Fortheauthor,Himmlerwouldbestbedescribedas______.A．a(chǎn)UtopianreformerB．a(chǎn)nincurableromanticlostintimeC．a(chǎn)nimprobablevisionaryD．a(chǎn)level-headedpurpose-drivenman正確答案：D解析：根據(jù)第四段中的“Farfrombeingadreamerlostinfantasy,Himmlerwasacareful，methodicalplanner”可知，希姆萊并非是迷失在幻想中的夢(mèng)想家，他是細(xì)心、有條理的策劃者。據(jù)此可知，D項(xiàng)“頭腦冷靜、目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向明確的人”正確。TheBuddhistreligiondevelopedfromtheteachingsofShakyamuniBuddha,wholivedfromabout563to483BCEinthepresent-dayregionsofNepalandcentralIndia.Athisbirth,itisbelieved,seersforetoldthattheinfantprince,namedSiddharthaGautama,wouldbecomeeitherachakravartin—a“world-conqueringruler”—oraBuddha—a“fullyenlightenedbeing”.Hopingforarulerlikehimself,Siddhartha’sfathertriedtosurroundhissonwithpleasureandshieldhimfrompain.Yettheprincewaseventuallyexposedtothesufferingofoldage,sickness,anddeath—theinev