任務(wù)精讀：二次襯砌支護（雙語）課件講解

隧道施工技術(shù)二次襯砌支護TunnelConstructionTechnologySecondaryLiningSupport基本概念1二次襯砌的施工流程2二次襯砌支護目錄課程小結(jié)2TableofContentsSecondaryLiningSupportBasicConceptConstructionProcessofSecondaryLiningSummary.動畫導(dǎo)入二次襯砌技術(shù)SecondaryLiningSupportAnimationlead-in.動畫導(dǎo)入二次襯砌技術(shù)SecondaryLiningSupportAnimationlead-in.動畫導(dǎo)入二次襯砌技術(shù)SecondaryLiningSupportAnimationlead-in.動畫導(dǎo)入二次襯砌技術(shù)SecondaryLiningSupportAnimationlead-in基本概念BasicConcept01二次襯砌是復(fù)合式襯砌的結(jié)構(gòu)，復(fù)合式襯砌可以滿足初期支護施作及時、剛度小、易變形的要求，且與圍巖密貼，從而能保護和加固圍巖，充分發(fā)揮圍巖的自承作用。Thecompositeliningcanallowprimarysupporttobeconstructedintimeandeasilydeformedwithsmallrigidity.Itiscloselytouchedwithsurroundingrockstoprotectandreinforcethesurroundingrocksandgivefullplaytotheself-supportingcapacityofthesurroundingrocks.二次襯砌后，襯砌內(nèi)表面光滑平整，可以防止外層風(fēng)化，裝飾內(nèi)壁，增強安全感，并且座位隧道防水的最后一道防線，是一種合理的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，也是目前公路、鐵路隧道主要的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。Aftersecondarylining,theinnersurfaceoftheliningwillbesmoothandflatwhichcanpreventouterweathering,decorateinteriorwallsandstrengthensecurity.Asthelastlineofdefenseforwaterprooflayeroftunnelconstruction,thesecondaryliningisareasonablestructuralformandthemainstructuralformofhighwayandrailwaytunnelsatpresent.二次襯砌支護基本概念SecondaryLiningSupportBasicConceptChangyingbaNo.2TunnelUndertakenbyChinaRailway19thBureauGroup二次襯砌的施工流程ConstructionProcessofSecondaryLining02仰拱開挖Invertedarchexcavation1仰拱鋼筋綁扎Invertedarchreinforcementbinding2仰拱模板安裝及混凝土澆筑Invertedarchformworkinstallationandconcretingpouring3拱墻鋼筋綁扎Archwallreinforcementbinding4拱墻模板安裝Archwallformworkinstallation5拱墻混凝土澆筑Archwallconcretepouring6拱背壓漿Archbackgrouting7拆模及混凝土保養(yǎng)Formworkremovalandconcretemaintenance8二次襯砌支護二次襯砌的施工流程SecondaryLiningSupportConstructionProcessofSecondaryLining開挖完成后安裝臨時仰拱棧橋，恢復(fù)道路交通。仰拱開挖Invertedarchexcavation測量放樣，確定開挖深度及長度。Surveyingandsettingouttodeterminetheexcavationdepthandlength.開挖長度一般為theexcavationlengthisgenerally采用人工配合挖掘機開挖，需要爆破的，應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制好裝藥量，并對通風(fēng)管及用電線做好保護措施。Excavationshallbecarriedoutwithexcavatorsunderthehelpofworkers.Ifblastingisrequired,explosivechargeshallbestrictlycontrolled,andprotectivemeasuresshallbetakenforventpipesandwire.3~12米。二次襯砌支護二次襯砌的施工流程SecondaryLiningSupportConstructionProcessofSecondaryLiningTunnelFaceofRightTunnelatExitofLongwanTunnelConstructedbyBranch4ofLot2ofLaibin-Du'anSection3~12m.Afterexcavation,temporaryinvertedarchtrestle

shallbeinstalledtorestoreroadtraffic.預(yù)留好拱墻搭接鋼筋，并有足夠的搭接長度，且將接頭錯開。仰拱鋼筋綁扎Invertedarchreinforcementbinding鋼筋在洞外加工場制作，運至現(xiàn)場綁扎。Reinforcementshallbefabricatedattheprocessingyardoutsidethetunnelandtransportedtothesiteforbinding.綁扎應(yīng)用定位架控制好鋼筋的間距。Duringbinding,thereinforcementspacingshallbecontrolledbypositioningframe.二次襯砌支護二次襯砌的施工流程SecondaryLiningSupportConstructionProcessofSecondaryLiningTheoverlappingreinforcementforthearchwallshallbereservedwithsufficientoverlappinglengthandthejointsshallbestaggered.仰拱一次澆筑成型，待仰拱混凝土強度到達70%設(shè)計強度，完成仰拱填充層混凝土施工。仰拱模板安裝及混凝土澆筑Invertedarchformworkinstallationandconcretingpouring仰拱的端頭與邊墻的交接處安裝止水帶，并預(yù)留足夠的搭接長度。Waterstopsshallbeinstalledatthejunctionoftheinvertedarchendandthesidewall,andsufficientoverlappinglengthshallbereserved.仰拱應(yīng)在邊墻結(jié)合處安裝弧形模板，保證仰拱澆筑弧形滿足設(shè)計要求。Arcformworkshallbeinstalledatthejunctionofsidewallsfortheinvertedarchtoensurethatthepouringarcoftheinvertedarchmeetsthedesignrequirements.二次襯砌支護二次襯砌的施工流程SecondaryLiningSupportConstructionProcessofSecondaryLiningTheinvertedarchshallbepouredandformedatonetime.Afteritsconcretestrengthreaches70%

ofthedesignstrength,theconcreteconstructionoftheinvertedarchfillinglayershallbecompleted.橫向鋼筋與縱向鋼筋的每個節(jié)點必須綁扎。拱墻鋼筋綁扎Archwallreinforcementbinding由測量人員進行放樣確定鋼筋綁扎區(qū)域與預(yù)留洞室的位置。Thesurveyorshallsetouttodeterminereinforcementbindingareaandreservedchamberposition.依次安裝內(nèi)側(cè)與外側(cè)主筋與縱向連接鋼筋，保證兩層鋼筋厚度滿足設(shè)計要求。Andinstallinsideandoutsidemainreinforcementsandlongitudinalconnectingreinforcementstoensurethatthethicknessoftwolayersofreinforcementmeetsthedesignrequirements.二次襯砌支護二次襯砌的施工流程SecondaryLiningSupportConstructionProcessofSecondaryLiningEachnodeoftransversereinforcementsandlongitudinalreinforcementsmustbebound.拱墻模板安裝Archwallformworkinstallation根據(jù)隧道中線及高程布置二襯模板臺車軌道。Arrangethetrackofsecondaryliningformworkjumboaccordingtothetunnelcenterlineandelevation.臺車就位后再次檢查臺車中心及兩側(cè)寬度、標(biāo)高、襯砌厚度是否滿足設(shè)計規(guī)范要求。二次襯砌支護二次襯砌的施工流程SecondaryLiningSupportConstructionProcessofSecondaryLiningAfterthejumboisinplace,checkagainwhetherthewidth,elevationandliningthicknessofitscenterandbothsidesmeetthedesignspecifications.拱墻混凝土澆筑Archwallconcretepouring襯砌混凝土灌筑應(yīng)分段進行，混凝土灌筑時的自由傾落高度不宜超過2m。Liningconcretepouringshallbecarriedoutinsections.Duringconcretepouring,thefreefallheightshouldnotexceed2m.且應(yīng)注意對稱灌筑，兩側(cè)同時或交替進行。二次襯砌支護二次襯砌的施工流程SecondaryLiningSupportConstructionProcessofSecondaryLiningTheconcreteshallbepouredsymmetricallyonbothsidessimultaneouslyoralternately.集中拌合centrallymixed罐車運輸transportedbytanker泵送入模pumpedintotheformwork拱墻混凝土澆筑Archwallconcretepouring混凝土應(yīng)分層灌筑，每層厚度根據(jù)拌合能力、運輸條件、灌筑速度、搗固能力等決定，一般為30cm。Theconcreteshallbepouredinlayers,thethicknessofwhichshallbedeterminedaccordingtothemixingcapacity,transportationconditions,pouringspeed,tampingcapacity,etc.,generally30cm.振搗應(yīng)搗固密實，使襯砌具有良好的抗?jié)B防水性能。Vibrationshallbetampedtomakethelininghavegoodimpermeabilityandwaterproofingperformance.二次襯砌支護二次襯砌的施工流程SecondaryLiningSupportConstructionProcessofSecondaryLining拱背壓漿Archbackgrouting由于超挖回填不密實和混凝土坍落度的影響，往往在襯砌背后與防水板或噴層之間留有空隙，不密貼。Duetotheinfluenceofuncompactedover-excavationandbackfillandconcreteslump,thereisoftenagapbetweentheliningbackandthewaterproofboardorspraylayer,whichisnotcloselyattached.因此在多數(shù)情況下需要進行充填壓漿使之密貼，以改善襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)受力工作狀態(tài)。Therefore,inmostcases,groutingshallbeperformedtomakeitcloselyattachedtoimprovethestressworkingstateoftheliningstructure.二次襯砌支護二次襯砌的施工流程SecondaryLiningSupportConstructionProcessofSecondaryLining在嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)冬季灌筑混凝土?xí)r，應(yīng)采取防寒措施，防止凍壞襯砌。Whenconcreteispouredinwinterinseverecoldareas,cold-proofmeasuresshallbetakentopreventfreezingdamagetolining.拆模及混凝土保養(yǎng)Formworkremovalandconcretemaintenance一般情況下，襯砌混凝土灌筑后10~20h，即應(yīng)開始澆水養(yǎng)護。Ingeneral,wateringandcuringshallbestarted10~20haftertheliningconcreteispoured.使用普通硅酸鹽水泥時一般應(yīng)連續(xù)養(yǎng)護7~14d。WhenordinaryPortlandcementisused,continuouscuringshallbegenerallycarriedoutfor7~14d.二次襯砌支護二次襯砌的施工流程SecondaryLiningSupportConstructionProcessofSecondaryLining二次襯砌質(zhì)量檢驗QualityInspectionofSecondaryLining混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)外形尺寸允許偏差和檢驗方法應(yīng)符合表《二次襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)外形尺寸允許偏差和檢驗方法》的規(guī)定。AllowableexternaldimensionaldeviationandinspectionmethodofconcretestructureshallcomplywiththeAllowableDeviationforSecondaryLiningStructuralDimensionandInspectionMethod.混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)表面應(yīng)密實平整、顏色均勻，不得有露筋、蜂窩、孔洞、疏松、麻面和缺棱掉角等缺陷。Thesurfaceoftheconcretestructureshallbecompact,flat,consistentincolor,andfreeofsuchdefectsasbarexposure,honeycomb,pore,looseness,pittedsurfaceandedgeorcornerloss.二次襯砌支護二次襯砌的施工流程SecondaryLiningSupportConstructionProcessofSecondaryLining序號S/N項目Item允許偏差（mm）Allowabledeviation(mm)檢驗方法Inspectionmethod1邊墻平面位置Planepositionofsidewall±10尺量Measuringwitharuler2拱部高程Archelevation+30，0水準(zhǔn)測量Levelingmeasurement3邊墻、拱部表面平整度Surfaceflatnessofsidewallandarch152m靠尺檢查或自動斷面儀測量Checkwitha2-meterguidingruleorcarryoutmeasurementwithanautomaticprofiler二次襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)外形尺寸允許偏差和檢驗方法AllowableDeviationforSecondaryLiningStructuralDimensionandInspectionMethod課程小結(jié)Summary03二次襯砌支護課程小結(jié)SecondaryLiningSupportSummary課程小結(jié)Summary

二次襯砌采用模筑混凝土施工，不僅能提供安全儲備或承受后期圍巖壓力，而且還可以作為防水層最后一道防線。Thesecondaryliningisconstructedwithmodel-buildingconcrete.Itcanserveasasafetyreserveorbearthepressureofsurroundingrocksinthelate