專題三　第3講　介詞-2025英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版

第3講介詞1．表示方位的介詞Wewalkedacross①thebeach，through②thewoodsandfinallycameto③thehousewhichwasunder④thebigtreemarkedin⑤themap.Aftersteppinginto⑥thehouse，wefoundasmallblacktable，over⑦whichwasalamp.Thenwelookedaround⑧，onlytofindnothing.Myfriendfoundsomethingspecial—anemptybox.Beneath⑨itwasanotesaying，“Standbeside⑩thewindowandlookoutof?it.”From?thewindowwesawanotherhousebeyond?asmallhill.[規(guī)則感悟]①across指從較為平坦的表面穿過。②through指從立體的事物中間穿過。③to指“到某處，去某處”。④under在……下面，無接觸面。⑤in在……里面。⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方(無接觸面)；on在……上面(有接觸面)。⑧around在/向……周圍。⑨beneath在……下面(有接觸面)。⑩beside在……旁邊。?outof向/在……外面。?from從……。?beyond在/向……較遠(yuǎn)的一邊，超出。2．表示時(shí)間的介詞Ithappenedon①aSaturdaymorningin②November,2021.Myparentslefthomeat③6：00amtomeetmyuncleattheairportandtoldmetheywouldcomebackin②twohours.However，itwasn’tlongbefore④someoneknockedatthedoor，andIlookedthroughthepeepholeandsawastranger.Iquicklylockedthedoorfromtheinside，anddidn’topenituntil⑤myparentscameback.During⑥thetwohours，thestrangeralwaystriedtotellmesomethingbutIwouldn’tlistentohim.Onseeingmyparents，thestrangersaid，“Ihavebeenwaitingoutofthedoorfor⑦twohourssince6：10am.”Whyhadmyunclechangedsomuchover⑧theyears?[規(guī)則感悟]①on指在具體的某一天。②in用在年/月/季節(jié)/世紀(jì)等大時(shí)間之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段時(shí)間的詞之前，表示“多久之后”。③at用在幾點(diǎn)鐘或night/noon之前。④before在……之前。⑤until直到……時(shí)候。⑥during在……期間。⑦for表示延續(xù)一段時(shí)間。⑧over表示“在……期間”，表延續(xù)。3．表示原因的介詞Johnwaspunishedfor①cheatingintheexam.Hisfatherwasangryat/over②itandhetrembledwith③angerbecauseof④John’sbadbehaviour.[規(guī)則感悟]①for表示原因，后面可以跟名詞(詞組)或動(dòng)名詞。②at/over用在表示情緒的形容詞之后，后面跟代詞或名詞(詞組)。③with用在表示情緒的名詞之前。④becauseof/owingto/dueto/thanksto之后不跟陳述句，跟名詞(短語)/名詞性從句。4．其他重要介詞Between①thetwoopinions，Iamfor②thefirstonebutagainst③thesecondone.By④wearingschooluniforms，studentscanbetreatedequallyby④othersdespite⑤thedifferenteconomicbackgroundsamong⑥them.Besides⑦，thepriceiswithin⑧students’reach.Moststudentsexcept⑨aminorityofthemsayschooluniformsaregoodexceptfor⑩thefactthattheyarenotfashionable.[規(guī)則感悟]①between表示“兩者之間”。②for表示“支持”。③against表示“反對(duì)”。④by表示“借助/通過……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示“盡管”，等于inspiteof。⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示“除此之外(還)”。⑧within表示“在……范圍之內(nèi)”。⑨except表示同類事物除外。⑩exceptfor表示與整體陳述相對(duì)的細(xì)節(jié)修補(bǔ)。一、介詞的省略1．當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等時(shí)，介詞常省略。Wewatchedanexcitingfootballmatchlastweek.上周我們觀看了一場激動(dòng)人心的足球賽。Comeanydayyoulike.你想哪天來就哪天來。2．表示時(shí)間的名詞前有不定冠詞，且不定冠詞作“每一……”講時(shí)，其前不用介詞。Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.每天一個(gè)蘋果，醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離我。3．習(xí)慣搭配中介詞的省略。一些常和動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞搭配使用的介詞?？墒÷?，常見的此類搭配有spendsometime(in)doingsth，wastesometime(in)doingsth，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth，bebusy(in)doingsth，stop/preventsb(from)doingsth等。FrankinsistedthathewasnotasleepalthoughIhadgreatdifficulty(in)wakinghimup.弗蘭克堅(jiān)持說自己沒有睡覺，雖然我叫醒他費(fèi)了好大勁。二、介詞不可省略的問題1．在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞不能省略。Thechildrenhavebeentakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.這些孩子在幼兒園里得到了很好的照顧。2．當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，相關(guān)介詞也不可省略。Theproblemiswellworthpayingattentionto.這個(gè)問題很值得關(guān)注。3．在定語從句中，當(dāng)從句的謂語和先行詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且從句謂語為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須加上介詞。Thelibrarywhichweoftengotoisnotfarawayfromourschool.我們常去的那個(gè)圖書館距離我們學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn)。三、介詞短語1．介詞與名詞構(gòu)成的搭配：(1)at＋名詞ataloss不知所措atthecostof以……的代價(jià)atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)attheriskof冒……的危險(xiǎn)atwar處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)atthemercyof在……支配下；由……擺布atthesametime同時(shí)(2)on＋名詞onexhibition/show/display在展出onaccountof因?yàn)閛nfire著火onaverage平均；一般地onsale出售；打折onbehalfof代表onnoaccount/condition決不onthedecrease/increase在減少/在增加onholiday/vacation在度假(3)by＋名詞byaccident/chance偶然地byhand手工bymistake錯(cuò)誤地bytheday按天算bycoincidence碰巧bynature天生地(4)in＋名詞incash用現(xiàn)金付款inchargeof掌管indepth在深度上inreturn作為回報(bào)indetail詳細(xì)地indanger(of)在危險(xiǎn)中，垂危inheight在高度上inspiteof盡管inlength在長度上inexchangefor作為交換infavorof支持，贊成innotime立刻incaseof萬一；如果；假使innoway決不insupportof為支持……inplaceof代替inhonourof為向……表示敬意inpossessionof擁有，占有inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念……inadditionto另外(5)of＋名詞ofbenefit有益處的ofsignificance有意義的ofhelp有幫助的ofuse有用的ofimportance重要的ofvalue有價(jià)值的(6)outof＋名詞outofbalance失去平衡outoforder發(fā)生故障outofbreath上氣不接下氣outofsight看不見outofcontrol失去控制outofthequestion不可能outofdate過期outofwork失業(yè)outoftouch失去聯(lián)系(7)under＋名詞underattack遭到襲擊undertreatment在治療中underpressure在壓力下undercontrol處于控制之中underrepair在修理中underdiscussion在討論中(8)with＋名詞withdelight/joy高興地withfear害怕地withdifficulty困難地withpleasure樂意地withease輕而易舉地(9)beyond＋名詞beyondcompare無與倫比beyonddescription難以描述beyondreach夠不到beyondexpression/words難以表達(dá)2．形容詞與介詞構(gòu)成的搭配：(1)be＋adj.＋aboutbeanxiousabout為……憂慮becuriousabout對(duì)……好奇beparticularabout對(duì)……講究/挑剔beworried/concernedabout對(duì)……擔(dān)心(2)be＋adj.＋atbeangryat因/對(duì)……生氣begoodat擅長beastonishedat對(duì)……吃驚bepresentat出席(3)be＋adj.＋inbeabsorbedin專注于……beactivein積極于……bedressedin穿著……beengagedin忙于……berichin富含……beoccupiedin忙于……(4)be＋adj.＋forbeeagerfor渴望……befamousfor因……著名befitfor適合，勝任……bereadyfor準(zhǔn)備好……besorryfor對(duì)……感到抱歉bepreparedfor為……做好準(zhǔn)備(5)be＋adj.＋frombeabsentfrom缺席bedifferentfrom不同于befarfrom遠(yuǎn)離befreefrom不受……影響(6)be＋adj.＋tobecloseto接近……bedevotedto致力于……beequalto等于……；勝任……befamiliarto對(duì)……熟悉befriendlyto對(duì)……友好beharmfulto對(duì)……有害bekindto對(duì)……友好besimilarto與……相似begratefulto對(duì)……心存感激(7)be＋adj.＋ofbeawareof意識(shí)到……befondof喜歡……beproudof因……而自豪beshortof缺乏……becriticalof對(duì)……挑剔(8)be＋adj.＋withbebusywith忙于……befamiliarwith對(duì)……熟悉becombinedwith與……結(jié)合bepatientwith對(duì)……有耐心bepopularwith受……歡迎bepleasedwith對(duì)……感到滿意beangrywith(sb)對(duì)(某人)生氣3．介詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的搭配：butfor要不是insteadof代替regardlessof不管，不顧apartfrom除……之外upto直到；由……決定accordingto根據(jù)alongwith隨著togetherwith連同bymeansof用……辦法；借助……owingto因?yàn)樗?、?dòng)詞與介詞構(gòu)成的搭配1．“動(dòng)詞＋sb＋of＋sth”結(jié)構(gòu)accusesbofsth指責(zé)/控告某人某事curesbofsth治好某人的某種疾病ridsbofsth使某人擺脫某物cheatsbofsth騙走某人某物remindsbofsth使某人想起某事informsbofsth通知某人某事robsbofsth搶劫某人某物warnsbofsth警告某人某事convincesbofsth使某人確信某事suspectsbofsth懷疑某人某事2．“動(dòng)詞＋sb＋for＋doingsth”結(jié)構(gòu)blamesbfordoingsth指責(zé)某人做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(scoldsbfordoingsth,criticizesbfordoingsth))批評(píng)某人做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgivesbfordoingsth,excusesbfordoingsth,pardonsbfordoingsth))原諒某人做某事punishsbfordoingsth因做某事而懲罰某人thanksbfordoingsth感謝某人做某事3．“動(dòng)詞＋sb/sth＋from＋(doing)sth”結(jié)構(gòu)prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfromdoingsth阻止某人/物做某事protect/preserve/defend/sheltersb/sthfrombeingdone保護(hù)某人/物免于被……ban/prohibitsb/sthfromdoingsth禁止某人/物做某事4．其他?？嫉膭?dòng)詞與介詞的搭配accountfor占……(比例)；解釋……(原因)actas充當(dāng)；起作用breakawayfrom脫離；逃離bringabout引起；導(dǎo)致；造成callfor(去)接；需要；(公開)要求carryout履行；實(shí)施；執(zhí)行carrythrough幫助……渡過難關(guān)；成功完成；順利實(shí)現(xiàn)comeacross(偶然)遇見，碰見；發(fā)現(xiàn)cometoanend終止，結(jié)束comeupwith提出doharmto對(duì)……有害dowithout沒有……也行；沒有……而設(shè)法對(duì)付過去endupwith以……結(jié)束getacross被傳達(dá)；被理解；把……講清楚getaround傳播；流傳；各處走動(dòng)getdownto開始做某事；開始認(rèn)真注意(或?qū)Υ?某事getover解決；克服；控制getridof除去，去掉；免除，擺脫getthrough正式通過；(用電話)接通，聯(lián)系上；順利通過(考試等)giveriseto使發(fā)生givewayto屈服；退讓；讓步goagainst違反；與……不符goinfor參加考試(或競賽)；對(duì)某事物有興趣，愛好gothrough經(jīng)歷keepintouchwith與……保持聯(lián)系lookdownon/upon輕視；瞧不起lookinto調(diào)查；審查makethebestof充分利用；盡力而為bemadeupof由……組成putupwith忍受，容忍seethrough看穿；識(shí)破seeto照料；處理setabout著手做showaround/round領(lǐng)(某人)參觀showoff炫耀；展示takein吸入；理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)takeon承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)，具有workout計(jì)算出；制定出對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)1．Shepattedhimontheheadandsaid，“Mylittleboy，doyoufeelmorecomfortablenowthanbefore？”2．Ifyoucouldexchangeliveswithsomeoneforashorttime，wouldyouliketodothat?3．Asaresult，hespendshislifeinawheelchairandcannotwritebymeansofapenorpencil.4．Butwildlifetodaydisappearsorisindangerjustbecausehumansdoharmtoit.5．Manytimeswedon’trealizehowroutineourliveshavebecomeandhowmuchwetakethemforgranteduntilwefindourselvesinanewsituation.6．Theteacherpausedonpurposetoremindthestudentstostoptalking.1．Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017，averageruralBMIincreasedby2.1inwomenandmen.(2021·浙江1月)2．Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety，andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibilityforsavingtheirenvironment.(2023·全國甲)3．Sometimeafter10000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylivedin，throughagriculture.(2020·浙江7月)層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練單句語法填空1．—WehadareallydampSeptemberthisyear.—Ican’trememberanautumnwhenitrainedsomuch.2．Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasprobablybecauseofthefactthatshesatinthelastrow.3．Amongthe“fournewgreatinventions”，onlineshoppingwasinventedandpioneeredbyMichaelAldrichintheU．K.in1979.4．“Assoonasheopenshis(he)mouthandsingsinChinese，theChineseareverysurprisedandtheyfeelproudofhim，”saidhismusicteacher.5．Butit’sdifficultformetodecidewhatactivitiesweshouldorganizeandhowtoplanthem(they)．6．IsuddenlyrealizedIhadgrownupandthatIhadtolookaftermyself(I)andliveindependently.7．Whentheygrowolderthanthreeyearsold，itiseasierforgirlstocatchcoldsthanboys.8．Pregnantwomen，forexample，shouldlimittheir(they)intakeofcoffee.9．Thisyoungmanlikestravelling—heisalwaysonthemove.10．Itmeansthatwecannotusesomemodernhouseholditems，likewashingmachinesbecausetheyusetoomuchwater.層級(jí)二高考真題練單句語法填空1．Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity，theSummerPalace，andtheTempleofHeaven，thehutongsreflectthecultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.(2023·浙江1月)2．ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina，almosteveryhutonghasitsstories.(2023·浙江1月)3．FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums，narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces，itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout.(2023·全國乙)4．There，you’llfindthemprepareddifferently—moredumplingandlesssoup，andthewrappersarepressedbyhandratherthanrolled.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)5．Themeatshouldbefreshwithatouchofsweetness，andthesurroundingsouphot，clearanddelicious.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)6．Thetactile(可觸知的)paintingsworkasawaytorevealarttotheblindbecausewedon’tseewithjustoureyes：Weseewithourbrains.(2022·浙江6月)7．May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay，whichwasnamedofficiallybytheUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.(2022·全國乙)8．TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony，openingits(it)firstexhibition：TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.(2022·全國乙)9．CoveringanareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark，theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)10．AlthoughMarylovedflowers，neithershenorherhusbandwasknownasagardener.(2021·浙江6月)層級(jí)三語篇提能練語法填空(2022·浙江1月改編)KimCobb,1.aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta，isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademicswhoarecuttingbackon2.their(they)airtravelbecause3.ofclimatechange.Travellingtoconferences，lectures，workshops，andthelike—frequentlybyplane—isviewedasimportant4.forscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.ButCobbandothersarenowquestioningthatidea—pushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotelyandchangingtheirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealing5.withtheclimatechangecrisis.On6.awebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci，forexample，roughly200academics—manyof7.them(they)climatescientists—havepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.Cobb，forherpart，startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvited8.her(she)tospeakwhethershecoulddosoremotely；aboutthree-quartersof9.thetime，theyagreed.Whentheanswerwasno，shedeclinedtheinvitation.ThatapproachbroughtCobb’sairtravellastyeardown10.by75%，andsheplanstocontinuethepractice.“Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding，”shesays—“areallypositivechange.”1．在抽象名詞具體化時(shí)，使用不定冠詞使文章更加生動(dòng)簡