2025版高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)高考語(yǔ)法與寫作專題3形容詞和副詞教學(xué)案外研版

PAGEPAGE1專題三形容詞和副詞(一)語(yǔ)法講練——過(guò)學(xué)問(wèn)關(guān)要點(diǎn)一形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)1．比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則變更：[名師指津]有些形容詞和副詞沒(méi)有程度可分或形容詞和副詞本身就是某種程度，因此沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。如right,wrong,excellent,extreme,perfect,possible,empty,greatly,very等。(2)不規(guī)則變更：原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad(badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest[名師指津]①farther和farthest分別指時(shí)間或空間上“較遠(yuǎn)”“最遠(yuǎn)”。②elder不能與than連用，只能用作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，且僅用于同輩之間的排行。eldersister姐姐；elderbrother哥哥。2．比較級(jí)的用法(1)比較級(jí)的常見結(jié)構(gòu)①表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“l(fā)ess＋原級(jí)＋than”結(jié)構(gòu)。Thiscomputerislessexpensivethanmine.這部電腦沒(méi)有我的貴。②表示一方程度隨另一方程度平行變更時(shí)，用“the＋比較級(jí)．..，the＋比較級(jí)．..”，意為“越……就越……”。Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙就越感到興奮。③不與其他事物相比較，表示本身程度的變更時(shí)，用“比較級(jí)＋and＋比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“越來(lái)越……”。Ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我們學(xué)校變得越來(lái)越美麗了。④表示“和……一樣不……”時(shí)，用“no＋比較級(jí)＋than”結(jié)構(gòu)。YouarenotallerthanI.你和我一樣矮。⑤“the＋比較級(jí)＋ofthetwo＋名詞”表示“兩個(gè)中較……的那個(gè)”。Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.那兩個(gè)男孩中較高的那個(gè)是我的哥哥。(2)比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)意義的表達(dá)方式否定式謂語(yǔ)＋比較級(jí)比較級(jí)＋than＋anyother＋單數(shù)名詞比較級(jí)＋than＋alltheother＋單數(shù)名詞比較級(jí)＋than＋anyone/anythingelse比較級(jí)＋than＋anyoftheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級(jí)＋than＋therestof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不行數(shù)名詞Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.這是我度過(guò)的最令人焦慮的一天。Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyotherstudentintheclass.＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthanalltheotherstudentsintheclass.＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyoneelseintheclass.＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyottheotherstudentsintheclass.＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthantherestofstudentsintheclass.每天早上他都是班里來(lái)得最早的。(3)修飾比較級(jí)的常用詞和短語(yǔ)有rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,(by)far,abit等。Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.學(xué)生們比以前學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。3．最高級(jí)的用法(1)(序數(shù)詞＋)形容詞最高級(jí)(＋名詞)＋表示范圍的狀語(yǔ)Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.她是我們班最活躍的學(xué)生。(2)oneof＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.＝Shanghaiisamongthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.上海是我國(guó)最大的城市之一。(3)常用的最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)有byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally以及序數(shù)詞等。I'dliketobuythesecondmosttexpensivecamera.我想買便宜一點(diǎn)的照相機(jī)。[名師指津]byfar通常用來(lái)修飾最高級(jí)，但也可修飾比較級(jí)，修飾比較級(jí)時(shí)，一般放在比較級(jí)后面，若在前面，應(yīng)在兩者之間加the。Thebookisbetterbyfarthanthatone.這本書要比那本書好得多。Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.他是兩兄弟中較高的那一個(gè)。[熱點(diǎn)即訓(xùn)]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears________(long)thannon－runners.[解析]考查副詞。句中有than，故用long的比較級(jí)longer。[答案]longer2．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Hescreamsthe________(loud)ofall.[解析]考查副詞最高級(jí)。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境和空后的ofall的修飾可知，空處應(yīng)用副詞的最高級(jí)。[答案]loudest3．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Even________(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.[解析]even常用來(lái)修飾形容詞的比較級(jí)，故答案為worse。類似句式還有：what'sworse(更糟糕的是)，worsestill(更糟糕的是)。[答案]worse4．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識(shí)別)thoseof________(great)andlessimportance.[解析]本空所填之詞與less是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用比較級(jí)的形式。[答案]greaterⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.____________[解析]考查形容詞。此處無(wú)比較級(jí)含義，故用原級(jí)。[答案]larger→large2．(2024·浙江卷改編)Therecouldbeanevenhighcostonyourhealth.____________[解析]考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。依據(jù)even并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“更高的代價(jià)”，故須要用high的比較級(jí)higher。[答案]higher3．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Theteenageyearsfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.____________[解析]and連接兩個(gè)并列成分，前面是thebest，后面也要是最高級(jí)，因此要把worse改為worst。[答案]worse→worst4．(2024·浙江卷)WhenIwasaveryyoungchild,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearslate.____________[解析]late為形容詞，later為副詞，此處表示幾年之后，故用later。[答案]late→later5．(2024·陜西卷)Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld,soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.____________[解析]表示二者比較用比較級(jí)；表示三者或三者以上比較用最高級(jí)。[答案]better→best要點(diǎn)二形容詞、副詞詞形變更或詞性轉(zhuǎn)換一、名詞變形容詞的方法1．一些名詞，包括一些與“天氣有關(guān)的名詞，后面加－y可變成形容詞。如rain→rainy,cloud→cloudy,wind→windy,snow→snowy等。2．一些抽象名詞在其詞尾加－ful可以變?yōu)樾稳菰~。如care→careful,help→helpful,use→useful等。3．一些表示國(guó)家的名詞可以在其詞尾加－ese或－n構(gòu)成形容詞。如Japan→Japanese,America→American,Australia→Australian等。留意：Canada→Canadian,China→Chinese,England→English。4．在名詞后加－ous變成形容詞。如danger→dangerous等。5．在名詞后加－ly變成形容詞。如friend→friendly,love→lovely等。6．在名詞后加－less變成含有否定意義的形容詞。如care→careless(馬虎的),use→useless(無(wú)用的),hope→hopeless(沒(méi)希望的),home→homeless(無(wú)家可歸的)等。7．一些以－ence結(jié)尾的名詞，把－ence改為－ent變成形容詞。如difference→different,silence→silent等。8．在名詞后加－al或去掉－e再加－al或－inal構(gòu)成形容詞。如critic→critical,nature→natural,crime→criminal等。二、形容詞變副詞的方法1．一般在形容詞的詞尾加－ly將其變成副詞。如quick→quickly,slow→slowly,loud→loudly,sudden→suddenly等。2．一些以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，要把－y改為－i，再加－ly。如happy→happily,angry→angrily,lucky→luckily,heavy→heavily,noisy→noisily等。3．有些以－ble或－le結(jié)尾的形容詞，去掉－e再加－y。如possible→possibly,terrible→terribly等。4．少數(shù)以－e結(jié)尾的形容詞，要去掉－e再加－ly。如true→truly等。但絕大多數(shù)以－e結(jié)尾的形容詞仍舊干脆加－ly。如polite→politely,wide→widely等。5．以－l結(jié)尾的形容詞要在詞尾加－ly，以－ll結(jié)尾的形容詞要在詞尾加－y。如usual→usually,careful→carefully,useful→usefully,full→fully等。[留意事項(xiàng)]1．以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的名詞，將其變?yōu)樾稳菰~時(shí)須雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加－y。如：sun→sunny,fun→funny等。2．少數(shù)以不發(fā)音的－e結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~時(shí)，應(yīng)去掉－e，再加－y。如：noise→noisy,ice→icy等。[熱點(diǎn)即訓(xùn)]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Runningischeap,easyandit'salways________(energy)．[解析]考查形容詞。and連接兩個(gè)并列分句，兩個(gè)分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均為形容詞，故此處應(yīng)用形容詞energetic作表語(yǔ)，意為“須要能量的，猛烈的”。[答案]energetic2．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal________(globe)fertilizerconsumption.[解析]考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)填globe的形容詞形式作定語(yǔ)。[答案]global3．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.[解析]修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞形式。[答案]officially4．(2024·浙江卷)WhenIwasaveryyoungchild,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyears________.[解析]幾年之后，應(yīng)是yearslater。[答案]later5．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.[解析]空格前的their是形容詞性物主代詞，其后應(yīng)當(dāng)接名詞。[答案]abilityⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·四川卷)ThedishesthatIcookedwereMom'sfavoritest.____________[解析]句意：我做的菜是媽媽的最愛。本題中favorite一詞誤用了最高級(jí)，該詞用作形容詞時(shí)意為“特殊受寵愛的”，用作名詞時(shí)意為“特殊寵愛的人(或事物)”。該詞本身已包含最高級(jí)的含義，沒(méi)有比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。[答案]favoritest→favorite2．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.____________[解析]此處考查固定短語(yǔ)，befreefrom“免于”，故應(yīng)把freely改為free。[答案]freely→free3．(2024·浙江卷)Ontheleft－h(huán)andsideoftheclass,Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.____________[解析]修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞而不用形容詞；修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞而不用副詞。[答案]easy→easily4．(2024·陜西卷)Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.____________[解析]系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)應(yīng)用形容詞而不用副詞。[答案]well→good5．(2024·遼寧卷)Beside,Cleotendstobarkanaverageofsixhoursaday.____________[解析]beside表示“在……旁邊”；besiders表示“除此之外……”，故把beside改為besides。[答案]Beside→Besides(二)語(yǔ)法寫作——過(guò)應(yīng)用關(guān)形容詞和副詞在書面表達(dá)中的增分點(diǎn)[增分技法]1．正確運(yùn)用形容詞和副詞。①那天我病得很厲害，不幸的是，爸爸也不在家。Iwasseriouslyillthatday,butunfortunately,Dadwasn'tathome.②又驚又怕，他不知道該怎么辦。Frightenedandsurprised,hewasatalosswhattodo.2．正確運(yùn)用比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。①說(shuō)著簡(jiǎn)單做著難。It'seasiersaidthancarriedout.②現(xiàn)在，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是你最最重要的事情。Atthemoment,learningEnglishwellisbyfarthemostimportantthingforyou.[巧用增分]①最終，我們到家了，又累又餓。(hungry,tired)At_last,_we_arrived_home,_hungry_and_tried.②唱歌可以使人放松，也可以幫助減輕壓力。(singsongs,relaxing,reducestress)Singing_songs_is_relaxing,_which_can_help_reduce_stress.③我聽說(shuō)你上周病了。你現(xiàn)在輕一點(diǎn)了嗎？(beill,anybetter)I_hear_that_you_were_ill_last_week._Are_you_any_better_now?④我認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)要比數(shù)學(xué)簡(jiǎn)單得多、好玩得多。(運(yùn)用much修飾比較級(jí))I_think_English_is_much_easier_and_much_more_interesting_than_math.[專題過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2024·河北邯鄲大名一中模擬)Indeed,travellingaroundthiscountrywill________(true)giveyouanamazingexperiencebecauseofitsinterestingthingsofferedtoalltypesoftourists.[答案]truly2．Insome________(crowd)cities,thecarhaspollutedtheairsobadlythatpeoplegetsickjustfrombreathingit.[答案]crowded3．(2024·河南南陽(yáng)一中模擬)Forexample,itisthoughtthatmanyphysicalproblemsandotherconditionsaremade________(bad)byanincreasedlevelofstress.[答案]worse4．MostcomputerapplicationsareinEnglish,soyouwillunderstandthem________(good)．[答案]better5．Thebetterwegetintogoodeatinghabits,the________(happy)ourlifewillbecome.[答案]happier6．(2024·湖北沙市中學(xué)模擬)Howmuch________(beautiful)shelookedwithoutherglasses![答案]morebeautifulⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·河北邯鄲模擬)However,justseveraldayslate,Ibegantofeeltiredandcouldn'tconcentrateinclass.____________[答案]late→later2．(2024·陜西西安長(zhǎng)安一中模擬)ThemoreIlearnEnglish,theeasyitbecomes.____________[答案]easy→easier3．Thegovernmentshouldclosethecitycentertoalltrafficexceptbusesandbikes,andbuildverylargercarparksoutsidethetown.____________[答案]larger→large4．(2024·吉林長(zhǎng)春模擬)E－h(huán)ongbaoisactualakindofluckymoneyfromandtorelativesandfriendsduringfestivalsoronspecialoccasions.____________[答案]actual→actually5．(2024·河南鄭州模擬)Don'tpanicorgetoutofline,andtrytoremainquietandcalmly.____________[答案]calmly→calmⅢ.寫作訓(xùn)練1．運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法寫靚句①最終，我們到家了，又累又餓。(arrive,tried)____________________________________②我聽說(shuō)你上周病了。你現(xiàn)在好一點(diǎn)了嗎？(ill,better)____________________________________③我認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)要比數(shù)學(xué)簡(jiǎn)單得多、好玩得多。(運(yùn)用much修飾比較級(jí))____________________________________④說(shuō)著簡(jiǎn)單做著難。(carryout)____________________________________⑤現(xiàn)在，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是你最重要的事情。(moment,byfar)____________________________________⑥而且，網(wǎng)絡(luò)也起著重要作用。(play)____________________________________[答案]①Atlast,wearrivedhome,tiredandhungry.②Ihearthatyouwereilllastweek.Areyouanybetternow?③IthinkEnglishismucheasierandmuchmoreinterestingthanmath.④It'seasiersaidthancarriedout.⑤Atthemoment,learningEnglishwellisbyfarthemostimportantthingforyou.⑥Morever,theInternetalsoplaysanimportantpart.2．語(yǔ)法填空(2024·湖南郴州模擬)Highinthickbambooforestsinthemisty,①____________(rain)mountainsofsouthwesternChina②____________(live)oneoftheworld'srarestmammals:thegiantpanda,alsocalledthepanda.Onlyabout1,000oftheseblack－and－white③____________(relative)ofbearssurviveinthewild.Pandaseatalmostnothing④____________bambooshootsandleaves.⑤____________(occasion)theyeatotherplants,fish,orsmallanimais,butbambooaccounts⑥____________99percentoftheirdiets.Pandaseatfast;theyeatalot,andtheyspendabout12hoursaday⑦_(dá)___________(do)it.Thereasonisthattheydigestonlyabouta⑧____________(five)ofwhattheyeat.Overall,bambooisnotverynutritious.Tostayhealthy,theyhavetoeatalot—upto15percentoftheirbodyweightin12hours—sotheyeatfast.Pandas'molars(臼齒)areverybroadandflat.Theshapeoftheseteethhelpstheanimalscrushthebambooshoots,leaves,andstemstheyeat.⑨____________(get)thebamboototheirmouths,theyholdthestemswiththeirfrontclaws,whichhaveenlargedwristbonesthatactasthumbsforgraspingthings.Apandashouldhaveatleasttwobamboospecieswhereitlives,oritwillstarve.Pandasareshy;theyneverleaveareas⑩____________theylive.Thisrestrictspandastoverylimitedareas.[答案]①rainy②lives③relatives④but⑤Occasionally⑥for⑦doing⑧fifth⑨Toget⑩where3．短文改錯(cuò)(2024·德州模擬)Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownformorethantenyears.Iheardofthatgreatchangeshavetakenplacehere.Inthepast,thereusedtobeingaclearriverrunningthroughit.Peopleworkedhardallyearroundbutliveapoorlife.Nowpeople'sdreamoflivingaricherlifehavecometrue.Tallbuildingscanbeseensomewhere,butpollutionisalsobecomingmoreseriously.Toourhappy,peoplehaverealizedmostimportanttaskistoprotect