2025版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)高考語法與寫作專題3形容詞和副詞教學(xué)案外研版

PAGEPAGE1專題三形容詞和副詞(一)語法講練——過學(xué)問關(guān)要點一形容詞和副詞的比較級與最高級1．比較級與最高級的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則變更：[名師指津]有些形容詞和副詞沒有程度可分或形容詞和副詞本身就是某種程度，因此沒有比較級和最高級。如right,wrong,excellent,extreme,perfect,possible,empty,greatly,very等。(2)不規(guī)則變更：原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad(badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest[名師指津]①farther和farthest分別指時間或空間上“較遠(yuǎn)”“最遠(yuǎn)”。②elder不能與than連用，只能用作定語修飾名詞，且僅用于同輩之間的排行。eldersister姐姐；elderbrother哥哥。2．比較級的用法(1)比較級的常見結(jié)構(gòu)①表示一方不及另一方時，用“l(fā)ess＋原級＋than”結(jié)構(gòu)。Thiscomputerislessexpensivethanmine.這部電腦沒有我的貴。②表示一方程度隨另一方程度平行變更時，用“the＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..”，意為“越……就越……”。Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙就越感到興奮。③不與其他事物相比較，表示本身程度的變更時，用“比較級＋and＋比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“越來越……”。Ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我們學(xué)校變得越來越美麗了。④表示“和……一樣不……”時，用“no＋比較級＋than”結(jié)構(gòu)。YouarenotallerthanI.你和我一樣矮。⑤“the＋比較級＋ofthetwo＋名詞”表示“兩個中較……的那個”。Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.那兩個男孩中較高的那個是我的哥哥。(2)比較級形式表示最高級意義的表達(dá)方式否定式謂語＋比較級比較級＋than＋anyother＋單數(shù)名詞比較級＋than＋alltheother＋單數(shù)名詞比較級＋than＋anyone/anythingelse比較級＋than＋anyoftheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級＋than＋therestof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不行數(shù)名詞Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.這是我度過的最令人焦慮的一天。Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyotherstudentintheclass.＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthanalltheotherstudentsintheclass.＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyoneelseintheclass.＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyottheotherstudentsintheclass.＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthantherestofstudentsintheclass.每天早上他都是班里來得最早的。(3)修飾比較級的常用詞和短語有rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,(by)far,abit等。Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.學(xué)生們比以前學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。3．最高級的用法(1)(序數(shù)詞＋)形容詞最高級(＋名詞)＋表示范圍的狀語Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.她是我們班最活躍的學(xué)生。(2)oneof＋形容詞最高級＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.＝Shanghaiisamongthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.上海是我國最大的城市之一。(3)常用的最高級的修飾語有byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally以及序數(shù)詞等。I'dliketobuythesecondmosttexpensivecamera.我想買便宜一點的照相機(jī)。[名師指津]byfar通常用來修飾最高級，但也可修飾比較級，修飾比較級時，一般放在比較級后面，若在前面，應(yīng)在兩者之間加the。Thebookisbetterbyfarthanthatone.這本書要比那本書好得多。Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.他是兩兄弟中較高的那一個。[熱點即訓(xùn)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears________(long)thannon－runners.[解析]考查副詞。句中有than，故用long的比較級longer。[答案]longer2．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Hescreamsthe________(loud)ofall.[解析]考查副詞最高級。依據(jù)語境和空后的ofall的修飾可知，空處應(yīng)用副詞的最高級。[答案]loudest3．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Even________(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.[解析]even常用來修飾形容詞的比較級，故答案為worse。類似句式還有：what'sworse(更糟糕的是)，worsestill(更糟糕的是)。[答案]worse4．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseof________(great)andlessimportance.[解析]本空所填之詞與less是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用比較級的形式。[答案]greaterⅡ.單句改錯1．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.____________[解析]考查形容詞。此處無比較級含義，故用原級。[答案]larger→large2．(2024·浙江卷改編)Therecouldbeanevenhighcostonyourhealth.____________[解析]考查形容詞的比較級。依據(jù)even并結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示“更高的代價”，故須要用high的比較級higher。[答案]higher3．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Theteenageyearsfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.____________[解析]and連接兩個并列成分，前面是thebest，后面也要是最高級，因此要把worse改為worst。[答案]worse→worst4．(2024·浙江卷)WhenIwasaveryyoungchild,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearslate.____________[解析]late為形容詞，later為副詞，此處表示幾年之后，故用later。[答案]late→later5．(2024·陜西卷)Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld,soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.____________[解析]表示二者比較用比較級；表示三者或三者以上比較用最高級。[答案]better→best要點二形容詞、副詞詞形變更或詞性轉(zhuǎn)換一、名詞變形容詞的方法1．一些名詞，包括一些與“天氣有關(guān)的名詞，后面加－y可變成形容詞。如rain→rainy,cloud→cloudy,wind→windy,snow→snowy等。2．一些抽象名詞在其詞尾加－ful可以變?yōu)樾稳菰~。如care→careful,help→helpful,use→useful等。3．一些表示國家的名詞可以在其詞尾加－ese或－n構(gòu)成形容詞。如Japan→Japanese,America→American,Australia→Australian等。留意：Canada→Canadian,China→Chinese,England→English。4．在名詞后加－ous變成形容詞。如danger→dangerous等。5．在名詞后加－ly變成形容詞。如friend→friendly,love→lovely等。6．在名詞后加－less變成含有否定意義的形容詞。如care→careless(馬虎的),use→useless(無用的),hope→hopeless(沒希望的),home→homeless(無家可歸的)等。7．一些以－ence結(jié)尾的名詞，把－ence改為－ent變成形容詞。如difference→different,silence→silent等。8．在名詞后加－al或去掉－e再加－al或－inal構(gòu)成形容詞。如critic→critical,nature→natural,crime→criminal等。二、形容詞變副詞的方法1．一般在形容詞的詞尾加－ly將其變成副詞。如quick→quickly,slow→slowly,loud→loudly,sudden→suddenly等。2．一些以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，要把－y改為－i，再加－ly。如happy→happily,angry→angrily,lucky→luckily,heavy→heavily,noisy→noisily等。3．有些以－ble或－le結(jié)尾的形容詞，去掉－e再加－y。如possible→possibly,terrible→terribly等。4．少數(shù)以－e結(jié)尾的形容詞，要去掉－e再加－ly。如true→truly等。但絕大多數(shù)以－e結(jié)尾的形容詞仍舊干脆加－ly。如polite→politely,wide→widely等。5．以－l結(jié)尾的形容詞要在詞尾加－ly，以－ll結(jié)尾的形容詞要在詞尾加－y。如usual→usually,careful→carefully,useful→usefully,full→fully等。[留意事項]1．以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且詞尾只有一個輔音字母的名詞，將其變?yōu)樾稳菰~時須雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加－y。如：sun→sunny,fun→funny等。2．少數(shù)以不發(fā)音的－e結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~時，應(yīng)去掉－e，再加－y。如：noise→noisy,ice→icy等。[熱點即訓(xùn)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Runningischeap,easyandit'salways________(energy)．[解析]考查形容詞。and連接兩個并列分句，兩個分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均為形容詞，故此處應(yīng)用形容詞energetic作表語，意為“須要能量的，猛烈的”。[答案]energetic2．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal________(globe)fertilizerconsumption.[解析]考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)填globe的形容詞形式作定語。[答案]global3．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.[解析]修飾動詞應(yīng)用副詞形式。[答案]officially4．(2024·浙江卷)WhenIwasaveryyoungchild,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyears________.[解析]幾年之后，應(yīng)是yearslater。[答案]later5．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.[解析]空格前的their是形容詞性物主代詞，其后應(yīng)當(dāng)接名詞。[答案]abilityⅡ.單句改錯1．(2024·四川卷)ThedishesthatIcookedwereMom'sfavoritest.____________[解析]句意：我做的菜是媽媽的最愛。本題中favorite一詞誤用了最高級，該詞用作形容詞時意為“特殊受寵愛的”，用作名詞時意為“特殊寵愛的人(或事物)”。該詞本身已包含最高級的含義，沒有比較級或最高級。[答案]favoritest→favorite2．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.____________[解析]此處考查固定短語，befreefrom“免于”，故應(yīng)把freely改為free。[答案]freely→free3．(2024·浙江卷)Ontheleft－h(huán)andsideoftheclass,Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.____________[解析]修飾動詞應(yīng)用副詞而不用形容詞；修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞而不用副詞。[答案]easy→easily4．(2024·陜西卷)Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.____________[解析]系動詞后作表語應(yīng)用形容詞而不用副詞。[答案]well→good5．(2024·遼寧卷)Beside,Cleotendstobarkanaverageofsixhoursaday.____________[解析]beside表示“在……旁邊”；besiders表示“除此之外……”，故把beside改為besides。[答案]Beside→Besides(二)語法寫作——過應(yīng)用關(guān)形容詞和副詞在書面表達(dá)中的增分點[增分技法]1．正確運(yùn)用形容詞和副詞。①那天我病得很厲害，不幸的是，爸爸也不在家。Iwasseriouslyillthatday,butunfortunately,Dadwasn'tathome.②又驚又怕，他不知道該怎么辦。Frightenedandsurprised,hewasatalosswhattodo.2．正確運(yùn)用比較級、最高級。①說著簡單做著難。It'seasiersaidthancarriedout.②現(xiàn)在，學(xué)好英語是你最最重要的事情。Atthemoment,learningEnglishwellisbyfarthemostimportantthingforyou.[巧用增分]①最終，我們到家了，又累又餓。(hungry,tired)At_last,_we_arrived_home,_hungry_and_tried.②唱歌可以使人放松，也可以幫助減輕壓力。(singsongs,relaxing,reducestress)Singing_songs_is_relaxing,_which_can_help_reduce_stress.③我聽說你上周病了。你現(xiàn)在輕一點了嗎？(beill,anybetter)I_hear_that_you_were_ill_last_week._Are_you_any_better_now?④我認(rèn)為英語要比數(shù)學(xué)簡單得多、好玩得多。(運(yùn)用much修飾比較級)I_think_English_is_much_easier_and_much_more_interesting_than_math.[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·河北邯鄲大名一中模擬)Indeed,travellingaroundthiscountrywill________(true)giveyouanamazingexperiencebecauseofitsinterestingthingsofferedtoalltypesoftourists.[答案]truly2．Insome________(crowd)cities,thecarhaspollutedtheairsobadlythatpeoplegetsickjustfrombreathingit.[答案]crowded3．(2024·河南南陽一中模擬)Forexample,itisthoughtthatmanyphysicalproblemsandotherconditionsaremade________(bad)byanincreasedlevelofstress.[答案]worse4．MostcomputerapplicationsareinEnglish,soyouwillunderstandthem________(good)．[答案]better5．Thebetterwegetintogoodeatinghabits,the________(happy)ourlifewillbecome.[答案]happier6．(2024·湖北沙市中學(xué)模擬)Howmuch________(beautiful)shelookedwithoutherglasses![答案]morebeautifulⅡ.單句改錯1．(2024·河北邯鄲模擬)However,justseveraldayslate,Ibegantofeeltiredandcouldn'tconcentrateinclass.____________[答案]late→later2．(2024·陜西西安長安一中模擬)ThemoreIlearnEnglish,theeasyitbecomes.____________[答案]easy→easier3．Thegovernmentshouldclosethecitycentertoalltrafficexceptbusesandbikes,andbuildverylargercarparksoutsidethetown.____________[答案]larger→large4．(2024·吉林長春模擬)E－h(huán)ongbaoisactualakindofluckymoneyfromandtorelativesandfriendsduringfestivalsoronspecialoccasions.____________[答案]actual→actually5．(2024·河南鄭州模擬)Don'tpanicorgetoutofline,andtrytoremainquietandcalmly.____________[答案]calmly→calmⅢ.寫作訓(xùn)練1．運(yùn)用語法寫靚句①最終，我們到家了，又累又餓。(arrive,tried)____________________________________②我聽說你上周病了。你現(xiàn)在好一點了嗎？(ill,better)____________________________________③我認(rèn)為英語要比數(shù)學(xué)簡單得多、好玩得多。(運(yùn)用much修飾比較級)____________________________________④說著簡單做著難。(carryout)____________________________________⑤現(xiàn)在，學(xué)好英語是你最重要的事情。(moment,byfar)____________________________________⑥而且，網(wǎng)絡(luò)也起著重要作用。(play)____________________________________[答案]①Atlast,wearrivedhome,tiredandhungry.②Ihearthatyouwereilllastweek.Areyouanybetternow?③IthinkEnglishismucheasierandmuchmoreinterestingthanmath.④It'seasiersaidthancarriedout.⑤Atthemoment,learningEnglishwellisbyfarthemostimportantthingforyou.⑥Morever,theInternetalsoplaysanimportantpart.2．語法填空(2024·湖南郴州模擬)Highinthickbambooforestsinthemisty,①____________(rain)mountainsofsouthwesternChina②____________(live)oneoftheworld'srarestmammals:thegiantpanda,alsocalledthepanda.Onlyabout1,000oftheseblack－and－white③____________(relative)ofbearssurviveinthewild.Pandaseatalmostnothing④____________bambooshootsandleaves.⑤____________(occasion)theyeatotherplants,fish,orsmallanimais,butbambooaccounts⑥____________99percentoftheirdiets.Pandaseatfast;theyeatalot,andtheyspendabout12hoursaday⑦_(dá)___________(do)it.Thereasonisthattheydigestonlyabouta⑧____________(five)ofwhattheyeat.Overall,bambooisnotverynutritious.Tostayhealthy,theyhavetoeatalot—upto15percentoftheirbodyweightin12hours—sotheyeatfast.Pandas'molars(臼齒)areverybroadandflat.Theshapeoftheseteethhelpstheanimalscrushthebambooshoots,leaves,andstemstheyeat.⑨____________(get)thebamboototheirmouths,theyholdthestemswiththeirfrontclaws,whichhaveenlargedwristbonesthatactasthumbsforgraspingthings.Apandashouldhaveatleasttwobamboospecieswhereitlives,oritwillstarve.Pandasareshy;theyneverleaveareas⑩____________theylive.Thisrestrictspandastoverylimitedareas.[答案]①rainy②lives③relatives④but⑤Occasionally⑥for⑦doing⑧fifth⑨Toget⑩where3．短文改錯(2024·德州模擬)Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownformorethantenyears.Iheardofthatgreatchangeshavetakenplacehere.Inthepast,thereusedtobeingaclearriverrunningthroughit.Peopleworkedhardallyearroundbutliveapoorlife.Nowpeople'sdreamoflivingaricherlifehavecometrue.Tallbuildingscanbeseensomewhere,butpollutionisalsobecomingmoreseriously.Toourhappy,peoplehaverealizedmostimportanttaskistoprotect