北京卷05-2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)測試卷（原卷版）

2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)測試卷四（北京卷）本試卷共100分?？荚嚂r長100分鐘考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：學(xué)問運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完型填空（共10小題：每小題1.5份，共15份）閱讀下面短文，把握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該選項涂黑。Familyisthewarmestplacewheremembersalwayshelpeachother,especiallyinthemostdifficulttimes.MyhusbandandIwentthroughtoughtimesmanyyearsago.However,wedidn’tmentionthedifficultiestoourchildren.Theonlythingtheyknewclearlywasthatwehadto___1___manythings.Butwedidn’twantto___2___themwithaproblemaboutwhichtheycoulddonothing.Oursituationwasn’timproving,andweknewthatwewouldhavetolookforoutsidehelp.Justaswereachedthepointof___3___,ourcommunitygaveusanenvelopethathadbeenleftinthecommittee’sofferingbox.Thecommitteesaid,“Inourcommunity,therehasbeenawayofassistingthosewhohavefinancialdifficulties.Inordernottomakethereceiversfeelashamed,moneyissecretlydroppedintoanofferingboxwithonlythe___4___nameoneachenvelope.Thentheenvelopesare___5___tothosememberswithoutthemknowingthegivers’names.”Youcouldimaginehowoverjoyedweweretoreceiveit,whichwasenoughtobringusthroughthedesperatetime.Wecouldn’thelpbut___6___whohadgivensuchagenerousgift.Wewereenormouslygrateful.Later,oursonappliedforastudentloansothathecouldattenduniversity.Itwasthenthatwe___7___hissavingaccountwasalmostempty.We’dtrustedhimtoputthewagesfromhispart-timejobintothebank.Wewereso___8___thatIaskedhimrepeatedlytofindoutwherethemoneyhadgone.Hejuststoodtherewithfirmeyesbutsaidnothing.Finally,withgreat___9___,mysoneventuallyadmittedthattheyearbeforehehadputhissavingsintheofferingboxforus.Istoodtherespeechless,tearsfillingmyeyes.Hehadspentseveralyearssavingthatmoneyandhadgivenittous_____10_____withouttellinguswhathehaddone.1.A.makeupfor B.comeupwith C.cutbackon D.lookforwardto2.A.bother B.harm C.encourage D.support3.A.anger B.desperation C.hope D.relief4.A.receiver’s B.giver’s C.organizer’s D.partner’s5.A.related B.contributed C.distributed D.devoted6.A.recall B.infer C.imagine D.wonder7.A.discovered B.thought C.ensured D.admitted8.A.pessimistic B.disappointed C.frightened D.guilty9.A.interaction B.explanation C.expectation D.hesitation10.A.obviously B.willingly C.gradually D.accidentally其次節(jié)語法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AI’velovedphotographysinceIwasateenager.Myparentsrecordedmanyhomevideosofmysiblingsandme.Cherishedfamilymoments____11____(document).Revisitingthemwaslikeopeningatreasurechest.I’mgratefulforthesevisualrecords____12____showedouryouthandgrowth.Filmhadabiginfluenceonme.Ilovetheemotionsconveyedbythestoryonvideo.ForadecadeIworkedasafreelancefilmmakerandphotographer.Irecordedawiderangeofgenres,therefore____13____(collect)tensofthousandsofimages—bothstillandmoving.B閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。“Conventionalwisdomtellsusthatwecanfeelhappierifwesmileorthatwecangetourselves____14____amoreseriousmoodifwescowl(怒視),”saidNicholasColes,aPhDatUtahUniversity.Histeamcombineddatafrom138studiestestingmorethan11,000participantsandfoundfacial____15____(express)dohaveimpactonfeelings.Forexample,smilingmakespeoplehappier,scowlingmakesthemfeelangrier,andfrowningmakesthem____16____(sad).Thesefindingareexcitingbecausetheyprovideaclueabouthowthemindandbodyinteract____17____(influence)ourconsciousexperienceofemotion.C閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Bydrawingpatternssuchasbamboosonthesurfaceofacupoftea,Chabaixi,anancientChineseteatrick____18____(go)viralrecently.Thereareadozensteps,fromgrindingteaforfinepowder,topouringboiledwater,stirringthemixtureforthickfroth(泡沫),andfinallydrawingpatterns.Clearwateritusedtoputintothecup.Whenthewater____19____(touch)thesurfaceoftea,itturnsintoawhitecoloranddisappearsin20minutes.Theprocessbeforedrawingisknownas“diancha.”Thequalityofitiscrucialto____20____thepatternscanbesuccessfullyproducedlater.其次部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題，每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?YoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA).Whateverstageoflifeyou’reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity(社區(qū)).Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneedvolunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity’saccesstosafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho’llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes:CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.—1Aug.20Jun.—7Aug.Egypt24Jul.—20Aug.19Jun.—6Aug.Kenya20Jul.—16Aug.18Jun.—5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.—29Aug.15Jun.—2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:Website:Email:humanresources@21．Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?A．Toseeklocalpartners. B．Totakeinyoungvolunteers.C．Tocarryoutprogrammes. D．Tofosterculturalawareness.22．TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein________.A．Egypt B．Algeria C．Kenya D．SouthAfrica23．ThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsto________.A．explorenewcultures B．protecttheenvironmentC．gaincorporatebenefit D．helpcommunitiesinneedBAndreaSperanzawantedtobeafirefighterlongbeforeshehadtherightwordforherwish.Afteronechildhoodadventureataconstructionsiteendedwithanironnailembedded(嵌入)inherlegandanemergencycalltothefiredepartment,shefoundherselfinawe.“Astheygavemethemedicaltreatment,Ithought,theycouldhelpeverybodyanddoanything,”saysthenow52-year-old.In2000,Speranzafulfilledherdreamofbecomingafirefighter.Herjobwasexactlyasfulfillingassheimagineditwouldbe,exceptforonething;shestillhadn’tseenanotherwomaninherrole—notinamagazine,notontelevision,notinreallife.Speranzadecidedtohelpyoungwomenseethatthey,too,couldhaveacareerlikehers.TheresultisCampCourage,animmersive(沉醉式的)programforgirlsaged15to19whowanttolearnmoreaboutfirefighting,paramedicineandpolicework.In2006,Speranzawelcomedthefirst17participants.Overthecourse,thegirlsdiscovertheinsandoutsofbeingfirstresponders:learninghowtoputoutfires,deliveringfirstaidandsoon.CampCouragenownunsonesessioneveryyearandisfreetoattend.Tooffset(抵消)costs,Speranzafundraisesbyholdingeverythingfromcarwashestocomedynights.Campersmustsubmitanessaydescribinghowtheyplantohelptheircommunity,oraspecificindividualinneed.Andtheyhavetodeliverontheplan—frombuildingabenchforasenioratabusstoptolaunchingalocalchapteroftheKidsHelpPhone.WhileCampCourageisdesignedtohelpmorewomenbecomefirstresponders,Speranzaalsohasanother,biggerobjectiveinmind:buildingleaders.“Iftheycandeliveramechanicalbabyorclimbahundred-footladder,they’renotgoingtohaveaproblemgoingthroughajobinterview,”saysSperanza.“It’sacompletechangeinmindset,anditworks.”NowhundredsofgirlshavepassedthroughCampCourageandsomeofthemworkasfirstrespondersnow.Speranzafeelsasenseofachievement.Theopportunitytorecruitothergirlstosavelivesalongsideherkeepshergoing.It’snotevenmeasurable.24.WhatinspiredSperanzatobecomeafirefighter?A.Herdreamnow. B.Achildhoodaccident.C.Thelackoffemalefirefighters. D.Afirefighter’sencouragement.25.WhydidSperanzadecidetostartCampCourage?A.Totrainthegirlstotakethefirstaidcourse.B.Tocompleteanimmersiveprogramaboutfirefighting.C.Toassistmorefemalestotakeupsomejobslikehers.D.Tomotivatemorefemalestostandontheirownfeetinthefuture.26.WhatdocampershavetodotopassthroughCampCourage?A.Raisemoneytopayoffthecost.B.Submitanessayanddeliveraspeech.CBuildabenchforthedisabledatabusstop.D.Handinaplanandthenputitintoaction.CPlantsneedsunlightforphotosynthesis(光合作用),theprocessofabsorbingenergyfromlighttocreatetheirownfoodfromcarbondioxideandwater.That’swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylightandaredormantinthecoldermonths.Butthisprocessisn’tparticularlyefficientandonlyonepercentoftheenergycontainedinsunlightactuallyendsupintheplant,accordingtoanewsreleasefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.Nowscientistsattheuniversityhavefoundawaytobypasstheneedfornaturalphotosynthesisandtocreatefoodbyusingartificialphotosynthesis.Thisallowsplantstogrowincompletedarkness.“Withourapproachwesoughttoidentifyanewwayofproducingfoodthatcouldbreakthroughthelimitsnormallyimposedbybiologicalphotosynthesis,”correspondingauthorRobertJinkerson,aUCRassistantprofessorofchemicalandenvironmentalengineeringsaidinthenewsrelease.Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic(電催化)processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸鹽)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms.tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.Thenewartificialphotosynthesismethodcouldbeupto18timesmoreefficientthansunlight.Experimentsshowedthatalargerangeoffoodproducingorganismscouldbegrownusingthisacetate.“Wewereabletogrowfoodproducingorganismswithoutanycontributionsfrombiologicalphotosynthesis,”saidElizabethHann,adoctoralcandidateintheJinkersonlabandco-leadauthorofthestudy.“Thistechnologyisamoreefficientmethodofturningsolarenergyintofood,ascomparedtofoodproductionthatrelicsonbiologicalphotosynthesis,”shesaid.Byeliminatingtheneedforsunlight,hepotentialofthismethodtoincreasefoodsupplyinregionswithless-thanidealgrowingconditionsisalmostendless,accordingtoNewAtlas.Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.“ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians?”co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.Whilethismaybeyearsoff,thepotentialtogrowfoodusingartificialphotosynthesishasgreatvalueinfeedingahungryplacewherethepopulationisgrowingandarablelandshrinking.Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dormant”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Fresh. B.Resting. C.Healthy. D.Normal.28.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theprocessofartificialphotosynthesis.B.Thecontributionofnaturalphotosynthesis.C.Theefficiencyofsunlightonplantorganisms.D.Thewiderangeofapplicationsofartificialphotosynthesis.29.AccordingtoMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,artificialphotosynthesisis.A.accurate B.dangerous C.promising D.impractical30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Biologicalphotosynthesiscanhelpproducehigherqualityfood.B.Biologicalphotosynthesisismoreefficientinturningsolarenergyintofood.C.Usingartificialphotosynthesismaydecreasetheefficiencyoffoodproduction.D.Usingartificialphotosynthesistogrowfoodcanreduceenvironmentalinfluence.DWhenIgivepubliclecturesabouttheclimatecrisis,themostcommonquestionpeopleposeis:“Areyouanoptimistorapessimist?”Myanswerisyes.Californiahasachieveddramaticemissionsreductionsinathrivingeconomy,whichmakesmehopeful,yetingeneralthefossil-fuelindustryisdeterminednottochange.Thesecondmostcommonquestionis:“WhatcanI,personally,do?”That’satoughone.Themajordriversofclimatechangearecollectiveenterprisessuchaspowergrids,industry,large-scaleagricultureandtransportationsystems.Substantialemissionsreductionsinthesesettingsmostlikelywillnotcomefrompersonalactions;theywillcomefromlawsandpoliciessuchascarbon-pricingsystems,revisedbuildingcodesandsupportsforgreeninvestment.Somepeoplehavearguedthatcallsforindividualactionactuallydistractusfromcorporateresponsibility.Thatcouldexplainwhythefossil-fuelindustryisfondofsuchrequests.OilgiantBPpopularizedandpromotedtheideaofacarbonfootprint,deflectingattentiontoitscustomerswho,itsuggests,shouldtakepersonalresponsibilitybyloweringtheircarbonfootprints.Onestudyfoundthatfocusingonindividualactivityactuallyunderminessupportformoreeffectivepolicyinitiativessuchasacarbontax.Anotherproblemwithpersonalbehavioristhatpeopledonotliketobetoldwhattodo.Yetindividualactscangrowintoinfluentialgroupactivity.Oneeffectiveact,andonethatcanbeamplified,istoeatlessredmeat.CuttingmeatconsumptionisapowerfulandpersonalthingmostAmericanscandototackletheclimatecrisis,andtheycandoitimmediately.About40percentofgreenhousegasescomefromagriculture,deforestationandotherland-usechanges.Meat—particularlybeef—drivesclimatechangeintwoways:first,throughcows’emissionofmethane,apotentgreenhousegas,andsecond,bydestroyingforestsastheyareconvertedtograzinglandtosatisfytheglobaldemandforbeef.Byeatinglessbeef,wecanstarttodecreasethatdemand.Youdonothavetobecomeavegantodothis.IfeverypersonintheU.S.cuttheirmeatconsumptionby25percent,itwouldreduceannualgreenhousegasemissionsby1percent.Thatmightnotsoundlikealot,butitwouldhelpprotecttherainforest,sothepositiveeffects—includingreducedwaterandfertilizeruse,improvedbiodiversityandsafeguardedrightsofindigenouspeoples—wouldbeamplified.Perhapsmostimportant,socialactioniscontagious—inagoodway.Iflotsofusbegintoeatlessmeatandifwetalkaboutitconstructively,wewilllikelyinfluenceothers.Prettysoonthe1percentreductionbecomes2percentormore.Reduceddemandformeatcouldmotivatemylocalsupermarkettocarrybetterproduce,makingiteasierformeandmyneighborstoprepareafewmoresatisfyingmeat-freemeals.Ultimatelychangesindemandwillinfluenceindustry.Fortyyearsagofewmainstreamsupermarketscarriedorganicproducts;nownearlyalldo.Consumerdemanddidthat.Cuttingbackonredmeatalsohastheaddedbenefitofbeinggoodforyourhealth.SowhileIwouldn’tadvisegovernmentstoorderpeopletostopeatinghamburgers,ifanyoneasks,“WhatcanIdo?”asimpleandaccurateansweris:“Eatlessmeat.It’sinyourcontrol,andyoucanbeginrightnow.Itbenefitsbothyouandtheplanet.”31．Whichoneplaysthemostdecisiveroleinemissionsreductionsaccordingtothepassage?A．Individualactions. B．Fossil-fuelindustries.C．Thethrivingeconomy. D．Effectivelawsandpolicies.32．Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?A．Indigenouspeoplesturnforestsintograzingland.B．Meatisconsideredasthebiggestdriverofclimatechange.C．Smallindividualactscanmakeabigdifferencecollectively.D．MostAmericanshavetobecomeveganstotackletheclimatecrisis.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contagious”inParagraph6mean?A．Appealing. B．Poisonous. C．Harmonious. D．Spreading.34．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorwritingthispassage？A．Toexplainwaystoreducecarbonfootprint.B．Topersuadepeopletocutmeatconsumption.C．Toevaluatetheeffectsofhealthyeatinghabits.D．Toargueagainsttheemissionpoliciesofindustries.其次節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有項為多余選項。Coralreefsaretherainforestsoftheocean.Theyexistonvastscalesandareequallyimportanthavensofbiodiversity.Reefsoccupy0.1%oftheoceans.____35____Coralsareusefultopeople.Withouttheprotectionwhichreefsaffordfromcrashingwaves,low-lyingislandssuchastheMaldiveswouldhavefloodedlongago,andabillionpeoplewouldlosefoodorincome.However,reefsareunderthreatfromrisingseatemperatures.Heatcausesthealgae(海藻)withwhichcoralsarelivingtogethertogeneratetoxins(毒素)thatforcethosecoraltoleave.____36____Researchgroupsaroundtheworldarecomingupwithplansofactiontoseeifthatwillhelp,suchasidentifyingnaturallyheat-resistantcoralsandcross-breedingsuchcoralstocreateanewtype.____37____Withoutcarbonreductionanddeclineinlocal,coral-killingpollution,evenresistantcoralswillnotsurvivethecentury.Doubtersdoubthumanitywillgetitsacttogetherintimetomakemuchdifference.____38____Carbontargetsarebeingsetandoceanpollutionisbeingdealtwith.Countriesthatshareresponsibilitiesforreefsarestartingtoacttogether.Scientificworkaroundscanalsobefound.Naturalcurrentscanbeappliedtofacilitatemassbreeding.Sitesofthegreatestecologicalandeconomicalimportancecanbeidentifiedtomaximizebangforbuck.____39____Itcouldserveasablueprintforotherecosystems.Hard-coregreens—thosewhothinkthatallhabitatsshouldbekeptunspoiled—maynotapprove.Butwhenentireecosystemsarefacingdestruction,thecostofdoingnothingistoogreattobear.A.Thiscancauseacoral’sdeath.B.Buttherearegroundsforoptimism.C.Andtheyhostaquarterofmarinespecies.D.Coral’sglobalecosystemservicesareworthupto$10trnayear.E.Thismixofnaturalactivityandhumaninterventionisimportant.F.Thisresearchcanalsobebroughttobearontryingtosaveentireecosystems.G.However,theassistedevolutionofcoralsdoesnotmeetwithuniversalenthusiasm.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，共32分）第一節(jié)閱讀表達(dá)（共4小題，第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。E-wasteisaseriousproblemthatisn’tgoingtogetbetteronitsown.Herearesomedo-it-yourselftipsonhowtomanagee-waste.Maybethebiggestcauseofoure-wasteproblemisthefactthatwebuythingsthatwejustdon’tneed.Nexttimeyoufeellikeyouneedadeviceorelectronicitem,stopyourselfandaskifitistrulynecessary.Thisismaybealsotheeasiestwaywecanmanagee-waste.Organizeyourelectronics.Ifyoudon’tkeepyourconnectors,DVDs,wiresandgadgetsorganized,youwon’tbeawareofwhatyouhave.Whenwebuyduplicateelectronicsbecausewethinkweneedthem,wearecontributingtoourgrowinge-wasteproblem.“Howtomanagee-waste”becomeslessofanissuewhenwekeepourownhousesinorder.Ifyoudonotneedapieceofequipmentanditisingoodenoughconditiontobereused,donateitassoonasyoucansothatsomebodyelsecanuseit.Donationsaregoodforusbecausetheyareausefulwaytogettaxdeductions,andalotoftimesthattaxdeductionwillbeclosetot