2016年12月六級真題（第1套）

淘寶店鋪：光速考研工作室機密*啟用前大學英語六級考試COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandSix—(2016年12月第1套)試題冊敬告考生一、在答題前，請認真完成以下內容:1.請檢查試題冊背面條形碼粘貼條、答題卡的印刷質量，如有問題及時向監(jiān)考員反映，確認無誤后完成以下兩點要求。2.請將試題冊背面條形碼粘貼條揭下后粘貼在答題卡1的條形碼粘貼框內，并將姓名和準考證號填寫在試題冊背面相應位置。3.請在答題卡1和答題卡2指定位置用黑色簽字筆填寫準考證號、姓名和學校名稱，并用HB-2B鉛筆將對應準考證號的信息點涂黑。二、在考試過程中，請注意以下內容:1.所有題目必須在答題卡上規(guī)定位置作答，在試題冊上或答題卡上非規(guī)定位置的作答一律無效。2.請在規(guī)定時間內在答題卡指定位置依次完成作文、聽力、閱讀、翻譯各部分考試，作答作文期間不得翻閱該試題冊。聽力錄音播放完畢后，請立即停止作答，監(jiān)考員將立即收回答題卡1，得到監(jiān)考員指令后方可繼續(xù)作答。3.作文題內容印在試題冊背面，作文題及其他主觀題必須用黑色簽字筆在答題卡指定區(qū)域內作答。4.選擇題均為單選題，錯選、不選或多選將不得分，作答時必須使用HB-2B鉛筆在答題卡上相應位置填涂，修改時須用橡皮擦凈。三、以下情況按違規(guī)處理:1.未正確填寫(涂)個人信息，錯貼、不貼、毀損條形碼粘貼條。2.未按規(guī)定翻閱試題冊、提前閱讀試題、提前或在收答題卡期間作答。3.未用所規(guī)定的筆作答、折疊成毀損答題卡導致無法評卷。4.考試期間在非聽力考試時間佩戴耳機。全國大學英語四、六級考試委員會

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayoninvention.Youressayshouldincludetheimportanceofinventionandmeasurestobetakentoencourageinvention.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A.Ittriestopredictthepossibletrendsofglobalclimatechange.B.Itstudiestheimpactsofglobalclimatechangeonpeople'slives.C.Itlinksthescienceofclimatechangetoeconomicandpolicyissues.D.Itfocusesontheeffortscountriescanmaketodealwithglobalwarming.2.A.Itwilltakealongtimebeforeaconsensusisreachedonitsimpact.B.Itwouldbemorecostlytodealwithitsconsequencesthantoavoidit.C.Itisthemostpressingissueconfrontingallcountries.D.Itisboundtocauseendlessdisputesamongnations.3.A.Thetransitiontolow-carbonenergysystems.B.Thecooperationamongworldmajorpowers.C.Thesigningofaglobalagreement.D.Theraisingofpeople'sawareness.4.A.Carryoutmoreresearchonit.B.Cutdownenergyconsumption.C.Planwellinadvance.D.Adoptnewtechnology.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A.Whenluckplaysarole.B.whatdeterminessuccess.C.Whetherpracticemakesperfect.D.Howimportantnaturaltalentis.6.A.Itknocksatyourdooronlyonceinawhile.B.Itissomethingthatnoonecanpossiblycreate.C.Itcomesnaturallyoutofone'sself-confidence.D.Itmeansbeinggoodatseizingopportunities.7.A.Luckrarelycontributestoaperson'ssuccess.B.Onemusthavenaturaltalenttobesuccessful.C.Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizeopportunities.D.Practiceisessentialtobecominggoodatsomething.8.A.Puttingtimeandeffortintofunthingsisprofitable.B.Peoplewholovewhattheydocarelittleaboutmoney.C.Beingpassionateaboutworkcanmakeonewealthy.D.Peopleinneedofmoneyworkhardautomatically.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A.Thestumpofagianttree.B.Ahugepieceofrock.C.Thepeakofamountain.D.Atallchimney.10.A.Humanactivity.B.Windandwater.C.Chemicalprocesses.D.Fireandfury.11.A.Itisahistoricalmonument.B.Itwasbuiltinancienttimes.C.ItisIndians'sacredplaceforworship.D.Itwascreatedbysupernaturalpowers.12.A.Byshelteringtheminacave.B.Bykillingtheattackingbears.C.Byliftingthemwellabovetheground.D.Bytakingthemtothetopofamountain.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A.Theywillbuysomethingfromtheconveniencestores.B.Theywilltakeadvantageofthetimetorestawhile.C.Theywillhavetheirvehicleswashedorserviced.D.Theywillpickupsomesouvenirsorgiftitems.14.A.Theycanbringonlytemporarypleasures.B.Theyaremeantfortheextremelywealthy.C.Theyshouldbedoneawaywithaltogether.D.Theymayeventuallydriveonetobankruptcy.15.A.Agoodwaytosocializeistohavedailylunchwithone'scolleagues.B.Retirementsavingsshouldcomefirstinone'sfamilybudgeting.C.Avacationwillbeaffordableifonesaves20dollarsaweek.D.Smalldailysavingscanmakeabigdifferenceinone'slife.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A.Theyshouldbedoneawaywith.B.Theyarenecessaryinourlives.C.Theyenrichourexperience.D.Theyareharmfultohealth.17.A.Theyfeelstressedoutevenwithoutanychallengesinlife.B.Theyfeeltoooverwhelmedtodealwithlife'sproblems.C.Theyareanxioustofreethemselvesfromlife'stroubles.D.Theyareexhaustedevenwithoutdoinganyheavywork.18.A.Theyexpandourmind.B.Theyprolongourlives.C.Theynarrowourfocus.D.TheylessenourburdensQuestions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A.Itisnoteasilybreakable.B.Itcamefroma3Dprinter.C.Itrepresentsthelateststyle.D.Itwasmadebyafashiondesigner.20.A.Whenshehadjustgraduatedfromhercollege.B.WhensheattendedaconferenceinNewYork.C.Whenshewasstudyingatafashiondesignschool.D.Whensheattendedafashionshowninemonthsago.21.A.Itwasdifficulttoprint.B.Itwashardtocomeby.C.Itwashardandbreakable.D.Itwasextremelyexpensive.22.A.Itisthelatestmodelofa3Dprinter.B.Itisaplasticwidelyusedin3Dprinting.C.Itgivesfashiondesignersroomforimagination.D.Itmarksabreakthroughinprintingmaterial.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A.Theyarisefromtheadvancesintechnology.B.Theyhavenotbeenexaminedindetailsofar.C.Theyareeasytosolvewithmoderntechnology.D.Theycan'tbesolvedwithoutgovernmentsupport.24.A.Itisattractivetoentrepreneurs.B.Itdemandshugeinvestment.C.Itfocusesonnewproducts.D.Itisintenselycompetitive.25.A.Cooperationwithbigcompanies.B.Recruitingmorequalifiedstaff.C.In-servicetrainingofITpersonnel.D.Sharingofcostswitheachother.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itisimportantthatscientistsbeseenasnormalpeopleaskingandansweringimportantquestions.Good,soundsciencedependson26,experimentsandreasonedmethodologies.Itrequiresawillingnesstoasknewquestionsandtrynewapproaches.Itrequiresonetotakerisksandexperiencefailures.Butgoodsciencealsorequires27understanding,clearexplanationandconcisepresentation.Ourcountryneedsmorescientistswhoarewillingtostepoutinthepublic28andoffertheiropinionsonimportantmatters.Weneedmorescientistswhocanexplainwhattheyaredoinginlanguagethatis29andunderstandabletothepublic.Thoseofuswhoarenotscientistsshouldalsobepreparedtosupportpublicengagementbyscientists,andto30scientificknowledgeintoourpubliccommunications.Toomanypeopleinthiscountry,includingsomeamongourelectedleadership,stilldonotunderstandhowscienceworksorwhyrobust,long-rangeinvestmentsinresearchvitallymatter.Inthe1960s,theUnitedStates31nearly17%ofdiscretionary(可酌情支配的)spendingtoresearchanddevelopment,32decadesofeconomicgrowth.By2008,thefigurehadfallenintothesingle33Thisoccursatatimewhenothernationshavemadesignificantgainsintheirownresearchcapabilities.AttheUniversityofCalifornia(UC),we34ourselvesnotonlyonthequalityofourresearch,butalsoonitscontributiontoimprovingourworld.To35thedevelopmentofsciencefromthelabbenchtothemarketplace,UCisinvestingourownmoneyinourowngoodideas.A.arenaB.contextualC.convincingD.devotedE.digitsF.hastenG.hypothesesH.impairingI.incorporateJ.indefiniteK.indulgeL.inertiaM.prideN.reapingO.warrantSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.AreWeinanInnovationLull?[A]Scanthehighlightsofthisyear'sConsumerElectronicsShow(CES),andyoumaygetaslightfeelingofhavingseenthembefore.Manyofthecoolestgadgetsthisyeararethesameasthecoolestgadgetslastyear--ortheyearbefore,even.Theboothsarestillexciting,andthedemosarestilljustascrazy.Itisstilleasytobedazzledbythedisplayofdrones(無人機),3Dprinters,virtualrealitygoggles(眼鏡)andmore"smart"devicesthanyoucouldeverhopetocatalog.Uponreflection,however,itisequallyeasytofeellikeyouhaveseenitallbefore.Anditishardnottothink:Areweinaninnovationlull(間歇期)?[B]Insomeways,theanswerisyes.Foryears,smartphones,televisions,tablets,laptopsanddesktopshavemadeupahugepartofthemarketanddriveninnovation.Butnowthesesegmentsarelookingatslowergrowthcurves--orshrinkingmarketsinsomecases--asconsumersarenotaseagertospendmoneyonnewgadgets.Meanwhile,emergingtechnologies--thedrones,3Dprintersandsmart-homedevicesoftheworld--nowseemabittoooldtobecalled"thenextbigthing."[C]Basicallythetechindustryseemstobeinanawkwardperiodnow."Thereisnotanyone-hitwonder,andtherewillnotbeoneforyearstocome,"saidGaryShapiro,presidentandchiefexecutiveoftheConsumerTechnologyAssociation(CTA).Inhiseyes,however,thatdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthatinnovationhasstopped.Ithasjustgrownupalittle."Manyindustriesaregoingoutofinfancyandbecomingadolescents,"Shapirosaid.[D]Forinstance,newtechnologiesthatarebuildinguponexistingtechnologyhavenotfoundtheirfootingwellenoughtoappealtoamassaudience,because,inmanycases,theyneedtoworkeffectivelywithotherdevicestorealizetheirfullappeal.Taketheevolutionofthesmarthome,forexample.Companiesarepushingithardbutmakeitalmostoverwhelmingeventodipatoeinthewaterfortheaverageconsumer,becausetherearesomanycompatibilityissuestothinkabout.Noaveragepersonwantstofigureoutwhethertheirfavoritecalendarsoftwareworkswiththeirfridgeorwhethertheirwashingmachineandtabletgetalong.Havingtoinstalladifferentappforeachsmartapplianceinyourhomeisannoying;itwouldbenicerifyoucouldmanageeverythingtogether.Andwhileyoumayforgiveyoursmartphoneanoccasionalfault,youprobablyhavelesspatienceforerrormessagesfromyourdoorlock.[E]Companiesarepromotingtheirownstandards,andthemarkethasnothadtimetochooseawinneryetasthisisstillverynew.Companiesthathavelongfocusedonhardwarenowhavetothinkofecosystemsinsteadtogiveconsumerspracticalsolutionstotheireverydayproblems."Thedialogueischangingfromwhatistechnologicallypossibletowhatistechnologicallymeaningful,"saideconomistShawnDuBravac.DuBravacworksforCTA--whichputsontheshoweachyear--andsaidthatthisshifttoasearchforsolutionshasbeennoticeableasheresearchedhispredictionsfor2016.[F]"SomuchofwhatCEShasbeenaboutisthecool.Itisabouttheflashinessandthegadgets,"saidJohnCurran,managingdirectorofresearchatAccenture."Butoverthelastcoupleofyears,andinthisoneinparticular,wearestartingtoseecompaniesshiftfromwhatisthelargestscreensize,thesmallestformfactorortheshiniestobjectandmoreintowhatallofthesedevicesdothatispracticalinaconsumer'slife."Eventhetechnologypressconferences,whichhavebeenhigh-profileinthepastandreachedalevelofdramaandtheatricsfittingforaLasVegasstage,haveadifferentbenttothem.Ratherthanjustdazzlingwithahighcoolfactor,thereisafocusonthepractical.Fitbit,forexample,releaseditsfirstsmartwatchMonday,sellingwithaclearpurpose--toimproveyourfitness--andpromotingitasa"tool,notatoy."Notonlythat,itsupportsanumberofplatforms:Apple'siOS,Google'sAndroidandMicrosoft'sWindowsphone.[G]Thatseemstobewhatconsumersaredemanding,afterall.Consumersarebecomingincreasinglyboredwithwhatcompanieshavetooffer:Asurveyof28,000consumersin28countriesreleasedbyAccenturefoundconsumersarenotasexcitedabouttechnologyastheyoncewere.Forexample,whenaskedwhethertheywouldbuyanewsmartphonethisyear,only48percentsaidyes--asix-pointdropfrom2015.[H]Andwhenitcomestothehyper-connectedsuper-smartworldthattechnologyfirmsarepaintingforus,itseemsthatconsumersaregrowingmoreuneasyabouthandingoverthemassiveamountsofconsumerdataneededtoprovidethepersonalized,customizedsolutionsthatcompaniesneedtoimprovetheirservices.Thatcouldbeanotherexplanationforwhycompaniesseemtobestrengtheningtheirtalkofthepracticalityoftheirdevices.[I]Companieshavealreadywonpartofthebattle,havingdriventechintoeverypartofourlives,trackingourstepsandourveryheartbeats.Yetthepersistentquestionof"WhydoIneedthat?"--or,perhapsmoretellingly,"Whydoyouneedtoknowthat?"--dogsthestepsofmanynewventures.Only13percentofrespondentssaidthattheywereinterestedinbuyingasmartwatchin2016,forexample--anincreaseofjustonepercentfromthepreviousyeardespiteayearofhigh-profilelaunches.Thatisbadnewsforanyfirmthatmayhopethatsmartwatchescanmakeupgroundformaturingsmartphoneandtabletmarkets.Andthesurveyfoundflatdemandforfitnessmonitors,smartthermostats(恒溫器)andconnectedhomecameras,aswell.[J]Accordingtothesurvey,thatlackofenthusiasmcouldstemfromconcernsaboutprivacyandsecurity.Evenamongpeoplewhohaveboughtconnecteddevicesofsomekind,37percentsaidthattheyaregoingtobemorecautionsaboutusingthesedevicesandservicesinthefuture.Afull18percenthaveevenreturneddevicesuntiltheyfeeltheycangetsaferguaranteesagainsthavingtheirsensitiveinformationhacked.[K]That,too,explainstheheavyWashingtonpresenceatthisyear'sshow,asthesenewtechnologiesintrudeuponheavilyregulatedareas.InadditiontomanyseniorofficialsfromtheFederalTradeandFederalCommunicationscommissions,thisyear'slistofpolicymakersalsoincludesappearancesfromTransportationSecretaryAnthonyFoxx,totalkaboutsmartcities,andFederalAviationAdministrationAdministratorMichaelHuerta,totalkaboutdrones.[L]Curran,theAccentureanalyst,saidthatincreasedgovernmentinterestintheshowmakessenseastechnologybecomesalargerpartofourlives."Thereisanincompatibilityintherateatwhichtheseareadvancingrelativetothewaywe'redigestingit,"hesaid."Technologyisbecomingbiggerandmoreaspirational,andpenetratingalmosteveryaspectofourlives.Wehavetounderstandandthinkabouttheimplications,andbalancethesegreatinnovationswiththepotentialdownsidestheynaturallycarrywiththem."36.Consumersareoftenhesitanttotrysmart-homedevicesbecausetheyareworriedaboutcompatibilityproblems.37.Thisyear'selectronicsshowfeaturedthepresenceofmanyofficialsfromthefederalgovernment.38.Themarketdemandforelectronicdevicesisnoweitherdecliningornotgrowingasfastasbefore.39.Oneanalystsuggestsitisnecessarytoacceptbothtliepositiveandnegativeaspectsofinnovativeproducts.40.TheConsumerElectronicsShowinrecentyearshasbeguntofocusmoreonthepracticalvaluethantheshowinessofelectronicdevices.41.Fewerinnovativeproductswerefoundatthisyear'selectronicproductsshow.42.Consumersarebecomingmoreworriedaboutgivingpersonalinformationtotechcompaniestogetcustomizedproductsandservices.43.TheConsumerTechnologyAssociationisthesponsoroftheannualConsumerElectronicsShow.44.Manyconsumerswonderaboutthenecessityofhavingtheirfitnessmonitored.45.Theelectronicindustryismaturingeventhoughnowonderproductshitthemarket.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheParisclimateagreementfinalisedinDecemberlastyearheraldedaneweraforclimateaction.Forthefirsttime,theworld'snationsagreedtokeepglobalwarmingwellbelow2℃.Thisisvitalforclimate-vulnerablenations.Fewerthan4%ofcountriesareresponsibleformorethanhalfoftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissions.InastudypublishedinNatureScientificReports,werevealjusthowdeepthisinjusticeruns.DevelopednationssuchasAustralia,theUnitedStates,Canada,andEuropeancountriesareessentiallyclimate"free-riders":causingthemajorityoftheproblemsthroughhighgreenhousegasemissions,whileincurringfewofthecostssuchasclimatechange'simpactonfoodandwater.Inotherwords,afewcountriesarebenefitingenormouslyfromtheconsumptionoffossilfuels,whileatthesametimecontributingdisproportionatelytotheglobalburdenofclimatechange.Ontheflipside,therearemany"forcedriders",whoaresufferingfromtheclimatechangeimpactsdespitehavingscarcelycontributedtotheproblem.Manyoftheworld'smostclimatevulnerablecountries,themajorityofwhichareAfricanorsmallislandstates,produceaverysmallquantityofemissions.Thisismuchlikeanon-smokergettingcancerfromsecond-handsmoke,whiletheheavysmokerisfortunateenoughtosmokeingoodhealth.TheParisagreementhasbeenwidelyhailedasapositivestepforwardinaddressingclimatechangeforall,althoughthedetailsonaddressing"climatejustice"canbebestdescribedassketchy.Thegoalofkeepingglobaltemperaturerise"wellbelow"2~Ciscommendablebuttheemissions-reductionpledgessubmittedbycountriesleadinguptotheParistalksareveryunlikelytodeliveronthis.Morethan$100billioninfundinghasbeenputonthetableforsupportingdevelopingnationstoreduceemissions.However,theagreementspecifiesthatthereisnoformaldistinctionbetweendevelopedanddevelopingnationsintheirresponsibilitytocutemissions,effectivelyignoringhistoricalemissions.Thereisalsoverylittledetailonwhowillprovidethefundsor,importantly,whoisresponsiblefortheirprovision.Securingthesefunds,andestablishingwhoisresponsibleforraisingthemwillalsobevitalforthefutureofclimate-vulnerablecountries.Themostclimate-vulnerablecountriesintheworldhavecontributedverylittletocreatingtheglobaldiseasefromwhichtheynowsufferthemost.Theremusturgentlybeameaningfulmobilisationofthepoliciesoutlinedintheagreementifwearetoachievenationalemissionsreductionswhilehelpingthemostvulnerablecountriesadapttoclimatechange.Anditisclearlyuptothecurrentgenerationofleadersfromhigh-emittingnationstodecidewhethertheywanttoberememberedasclimatechangetyrantsorpioneers.46.TheauthoriscriticaloftheParisclimateagreementbecauseA.itisunfairtothoseclimate-vulnerablenationsB.itaimstokeeptemperaturerisebelow2℃onlyC.itisbeneficialtoonlyfewerthan4%ofcountriesD.itburdensdevelopedcountrieswiththesoleresponsibility47.Whydoestheauthorcallsomedevelopedcountriesclimate"free-riders"?A.Theyneedn'tworryaboutthefoodandwatertheyconsume.B.Theyarebetterabletocopewiththeglobalclimatechange.C.Theyhardlypayanythingfortheproblemstheyhavecaused.D.Theyarefreefromthegreenhouseeffectsaffecting"forcedriders".48.Whydoestheauthorcomparethe"forcedriders"tosecond-handsmokers?A.Theyhavelittleresponsibilityforpublichealthproblems.B.Theyarevulnerabletounhealthyenvironmentalconditions.C.Theyhavetobearconsequencestheyarenotresponsiblefor.D.Theyareunawareofthepotentialriskstheyareconfronting.49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthe$100billionfunding?A.Itwillmotivateallnationstoreducecarbonemissions.B.Thereisnofinalagreementonwhereitwillcomefrom.C.Thereisnoclarificationofhowthemoneywillbespent.D.Itwilleffectivelyreducegreenhouseemissionsworldwide.50.whaturgentactionmustbetakentorealisetheParisclimateagreement?A.Encouraginghigh-emittingnationstotaketheinitiative.B.Callingonallthenationsconcernedtomakejointefforts.C.Pushingthecurrentworldleaderstocometoaconsensus.D.Puttingineffectthepoliciesintheagreementatonce.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Teenagersatriskofdepression,anxietyandsuicideoftenweartheirtroubleslikeaneon(霓虹燈)sign.Theirriskybehaviors--drinkingtoomuchalcohol,usingillegaldrugs,smokingcigarettesandskippingschool--canalertparentsandteachersthatseriousproblemsarebrewing.Butanewstudyfindsthatthere'sanothergroupofadolescentswhoareinnearlyasmuchdangerofexperiencingthesamepsychiatricsymptoms:teenswhousetonsofmedia,don'tgetenoughsleepandhaveasedentary(不愛活動的)lifestyle.Ofcourse,thatmaysoundlikeadescriptionofeveryteenagerontheplanet.Butthestudywarnsthatitisteenagerswhoengageinallthreeofthesepracticesintheextremewhoaretrulyinjeopardy.Becausetheirbehaviorsarenotusuallyseenasaredflag,theseyoungpeoplehavebeendubbedthe"invisiblerisk"groupbythestudy'sauthors."Insomewaysthey'reatgreaterriskoffallingthroughthecracks,"saysresearcherVladimirCarli."Whilemostparents,teachersandclinicianswouldreacttoanadolescentusingdrugsorgettingdrunk,theymayeasilyoverlookteenagerswhoareengagingininconspicuousbehaviors."Thestudy'sauthorssurveyed12,395studentsandanalyzednineriskbehaviors,includingexcessivealcoholuse,illegaldruguse,heavysmoking,highmediauseandtruancy(逃學).Theiraimwastodeterminetherelationshipbetweentheseriskbehaviorsandmentalhealthissuesinteenagers.About58%ofthestudentsdemonstratednoneorfewoftheriskbehaviors.Some13%scoredhighonallnineoftheriskbehaviors.And29%,the"invisiblerisk"group,scoredhighonthreeinparticular:Theyspentfivehoursadayormoreonelectronicdevices.Theysleptsixhoursanightorless.Andtheyneglected"otherhealthyactivities."Thegroupthatscoredhighonallnineoftheriskbehaviorswasmostlikelytoshowsymptomsofdepression;inall,nearly15%ofthisgroupreportedbeingdepressed,comparedwithjust4%ofthelow-riskgroup.Buttheinvisiblegroupwasn'tfarbehindthehigh-riskset,withmorethan13%ofthemexhibitingdepression.ThefindingscaughtCarlioffguard."Wewereverysurprised,"hesays.