（2014-2023）高考真題英語分項匯編閱讀理解新聞報道及其它（解析版）

專題16閱讀理解新聞報道及其它

2023年閱讀理解新聞報道

Passage1

【2023年全國甲卷】Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder9sSophiesWorld.Itwas

fullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeand

broughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲學）.

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeople

whothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou-andthentrytoexplainthem.

EricWeiner'sTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmylovefor

philosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher'sworkin

thecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlike

Socrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookabout

understandingphilosophy,isabookabourlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoes

sowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,and

hebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding（解讀）theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypulls

themindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffee

orteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.Ifsworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwe

don'thavealotof.

28.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?

A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.

C.JosteinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.

29.Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?

A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.

B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.

D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner'sbook.

30.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?

A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.

B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.

C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.

D.Itleavesanopenending.

31.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner?sbook?

A.Objectiveandplain.

B.Daringandambitious.

C.Seriousandhardtofollow.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D

【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明書評。作者在13歲時開始喜歡哲學，隨后Weiner的書TheSocratesExpress

喚起了作者對哲學的熱愛。文章通過介紹了TheSocratesExpress這本書，倡導讀者花時間去讀這本書。

【8題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder'sSophie'sWorld.It

wasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketome

andbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲學）.（我13歲的時候，一個叔叔給了我一本JosteinGaarder的

《Sophie的世界》。書里面的觀點對我來說都很新奇，所以我整個夏天都在鉆研那本書。它對我說話，把

我?guī)胍粋€哲學的世界。）”可知，JosteinGaarder為作者打開了通往哲學的大門。故選C。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframes

eachphilosopher'sworkinthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisareadinwhich

welearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.

（Weiner在每一章的開頭都描述了一個城市之間火車旅行的場景，然后將每一位哲學家的著作框定在一個他

們能夠幫助我們做得更好的事情上。最終的結果是，我們學會了像蘇格拉底一樣思考，像梭羅一樣看，像

叔本華一樣聽，像尼采一樣沒有遺憾。）”可知，作者在第四段開頭描寫了Weiner書的內容，接著作者通過

列舉了幾位偉大的哲學家來描寫讀完這本書后我們能從中學到的東西，由此可推知，作者列舉了幾位偉大

的哲學家是為了幫助讀者理解Weiners的書。故選D。

【10題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“This,morethanabookaboutundestandingphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningto

usephilosophytoimprovealife.（這不僅僅是一本關于理解哲學的書，更是一本關于學習運用哲學來改善生活

的書。）”可知，作者喜歡TheSocratesExpress這本書，是因為它的思想可以應用到日常生活中。故選B。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。木艮據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Hemakesphilosopicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequality

ofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.（他使哲學思想成為一種有吸引力的練習，可以提高我

們經(jīng)驗的質量，而且他在做這件事的時候充滿了幽默感可知,Weiners的書很幽默，根據(jù)最后一段中“The

SocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemin

deeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.（TheSocratesExpress是一本有趣而尖銳的書，它以其表面上的

簡單吸引著讀者，并逐漸將他們拉進對欲望、孤獨和衰老的深層思考中。）”可知，Weiners的書簡單易懂，

由此可知，Weiners的書既幽默又簡單易懂。故選D。

2022年閱讀理解新聞報道

Passage1

[2022年全國乙卷】In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y,一Dorothy

WoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-room

schoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,

Colo,toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthe

subjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,

whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhad

undertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketof

snowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveatthe

schoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluenced

thegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed（牽

涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturn

toAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（堅忍）ofthepeoplemoveherto

somebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthe

sunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarked

onlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.^^

4.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?

A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.

C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

CTheylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

6.WhichpartofWickenden^writingishair-raising?

A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.

C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.

7.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren'sstory.D.Adiaryentry.

【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇書評。本文簡要介紹了DorothyWickenden的書籍并對其進行了評價。

【4題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-Dorothy

WoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-room

schoolhouse.(1916年，來自紐約奧本市的兩個富裕家庭的女孩---DorothyWoodruff和Rosamond

Underwood-----來到落基山脈的一個定居點,在一間只有一個房間的學校教書?！笨芍?Dorothy和Rosamond

去落基山脈是為了去學校里教書。故選A項。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rare

baths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.（他們和——個當?shù)丶彝?，哈里森——?/p>

一起搬進去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來時被子上覆蓋著一層雪。)"以及"Inspring,

thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.（在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。）”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱

苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D項。

【6題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentaileddrilling

throughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.（令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建設有關，這涉及到在令人眩目

的暴風雪中鉆穿落基山脈。）”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脈的鐵路建設這一部分是令人毛骨悚

然的。故選C項。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.（這本書以

Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結束。）”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthe

landandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.（Wickenden是個很好的講故事的人。大地

的遼闊和人們的堅忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品。）”可知，本文簡要介紹了Wickenden的書籍內容，并

對其進行了評價，所以文本是一篇書評。故選B項。

2020年閱讀理解新聞報道

Passage1

[2020年新課標HI】When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes"wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroup

ofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren'ttheretothrowredpainton

fur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasign

praisingthefilmmakers:"Thanksfornotusingrealapes（猿）!”

Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（動作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,

spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor5sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwith

computergraphicstocreateafinalimage（圖像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.One

nonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmore

than2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,9,“TheHangoverPart

II"and"Zookeeper,“havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreated

properly.

Insomecases,ifsnotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;ifs

theoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmade

outsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.

24.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?

A.Toseefamousfilmstars.

B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.

C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.

D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes.”

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout"Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson“inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Listingcompletely.

B.Directingprofessionally.

C.Promotingsuccessfully.

D.Watchingcarefully.

27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?

A.Theymaybebadlytreated.

B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.

C.Theycouldbetradedillegally

D.Theywouldlosepopularity.

【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了電影“猩球崛起”上個月首次與公眾見面。動物愛好者聚集在好萊塢

前，感謝電影制作者，在電影拍攝時，沒有使用真的類人猿?，F(xiàn)在的動物拍攝使用的是數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造

技術，而一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐地動物的現(xiàn)象，這讓一個非盈利的組織密切關注此事。但有些拍攝也

是不能夠被監(jiān)測到的。

24.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasign

praisingthefilmmakers:4'Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活動人士來到現(xiàn)場，

手里拿著一塊牌子，稱贊電影制作人:“感謝你們不用真正的猿猴。所以動物保護者聚集在好萊塢大道是為了

向電影制作者表示感謝。故選D項。

25.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段"Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（動作捕捉）technologyto

createdigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor9sperformance

andlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage（圖像）可知，"人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團隊利用動

作捕捉技術創(chuàng)造數(shù)字化的動物，在記錄演員表演的技術上，花費數(shù)千萬美元，然后用電腦圖形處理，以產(chǎn)

生最終的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是關于數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造。故選B項。

26.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimals

infilmedentertainment”（一個非營利組織，監(jiān)控動物在電影娛樂中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,

including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartIInand"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswho

saythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreatedproperly.（許多電影，包括“大象的眼淚宿醉II"和“管理

員”，引起了動物保護人士的憤怒，他們說影片中的動物沒有遭到很好的對待。）由此可知，其中一家監(jiān)控動

物待遇的非營利組織，今年正密切關注著2000多部影片。由此判斷出，劃線詞的意思是“密切關注”。故選

D項。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Insomecases,ifsnotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudio

thathasactivistsworried;it'stheoffsettrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andthereare

questionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductions

filmedintheSates."（在某些情況下，讓活動人士擔心的并不是電影棚里對動物的待遇;讓人擔憂的是訓練和

生活條件。還有一些關于在美國以外拍攝的電影的問題，這些電影有時不像在美國拍攝的電影那樣受到嚴

密的監(jiān)控。）可知，在某些情況下，讓活動人士擔心的并不是工作室里動物的待遇;令人擔憂的是訓練和生活

條件。由此判斷出動物演員可能受到虐待。故選A項。

Passage!

[2020年新課標HI】Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation（孤獨），

morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.

Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthe

groundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberof

multigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashing

machine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.

“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,9,saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:"Wespoke

morewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.^^

AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,

IthinkIwould.^^

Ifshardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeen

risingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogether

hadrisenfrom325,000in200Ito419,000in2013.

Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;

manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of

25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotalnumberofallmultigenerational

householdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.

Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.

InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband'sfamilywhenthey

getmarried.

28.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?

A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.

29.WhatisNick'sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?

A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.

30.Whatistheauthor'sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?

A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.

C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.

【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了在英國，由于年輕人負擔不起離家的費用，而老年人又面臨著被

孤立的風險，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起，出現(xiàn)了多世同堂的現(xiàn)象。

28.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomon

thegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一樓有自己的廚房、浴室、臥室和客廳。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托爾的

維多利亞式住宅中使用一樓。故選B項。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段"AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.

WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“從我的角度來看，一切都很順利。我推

薦它嗎?是的，我想我會推薦在一起居住的。”由此判斷出，尼克對和和岳母合住房子的態(tài)度是積極的。故選

A項。

30.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段"Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationsliving

togetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方報告顯示，三代同堂的家庭數(shù)量從2002年的

32.5萬戶增加到2013年的41.9萬戶。根據(jù)第七段“Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeir

parents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughtto

beabout1.8million.”可知，據(jù)說，25-34歲的年輕人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年這一比例為16%。

據(jù)估計，英國多代同堂的家庭總數(shù)約為180萬。由此可知，作者關于多世同堂家庭的論述基于發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計

數(shù)據(jù)。故選C項。

31.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段'Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskof

isolation（孤獨）,morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年輕人負擔不起離家的費用，而老年人

又面臨著被孤立的風險，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起。所以短文主要是關于英國生活方式的一種上升趨

勢。故選D項。

Passage3

【2020年新高考全國I卷（山東卷）】Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerin

Uzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattracted

tothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongthe

GhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsof

liveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,

andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorful

EnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.

InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolice

methodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬禮）followedbyastrange

drinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmiles

fromthesea.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-rounded

pictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashis

delicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.

Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.

8.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?

A.Hisfriends*invitation.B.Hisinterestinthecountry.

C.Hisloveforteaching.D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?

A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.

B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.

C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.

D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.

10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?

A.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.

【解析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了Bissell寫的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》這本書。這本書是Bissell

在烏茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫的，是對烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個快速觀察。

8.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowrite

anarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea”可知，幾年后，Bissell仍然被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別

克斯坦寫了一篇關于咸海消失的文章。因此推斷出對這個國家的興趣讓Bissell先生再次返回烏茲別克斯坦。

故選B。

9.詞句猜測題。劃線句是第二段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代第一段的內容，根

據(jù)第一段最后一句"Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticle

aboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea（幾年后，仍然被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關于

咸海消失的文章）”可知，that指代寫了一篇關于死海消失的文章這件事，故選D。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalso

itsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukhara

hegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬

禮）followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesand

fishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”可知，在烏茲別克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既體會到了友善和溫暖，

也看到了社會的黑暗面。在撒馬爾罕，MrBissell欣賞到了的建筑奇觀。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因為被懷

疑進行毒品交易，他嘗到了警察的伎倆。在費爾干納，他參加了一個山區(qū)葬禮，然后參加了一個奇怪的酒

會。在卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦，他為沙塵暴、疾病和被困在數(shù)英里外的漁船而難過。由此可知，在旅途中，他

經(jīng)歷了很多事情。結合選項，B選項（充滿事件的，多事的）可以表達此意。故選B。

11.推理判斷題。文章第一段提到書的作者的烏茲別克斯坦之行，引出他寫的書，接下來三段講述了他的書

《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》的故事內容，是烏茲別克斯坦生活的一個快速觀察。因此推斷本文的

寫作目的是介紹一本書。故選A。

Passage4

[2020年新高考全國II卷（海南卷）]InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.The

bridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000

peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthe

bridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviest

loadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway（晃動）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothe

bridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.

ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealoveletterto

engineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingabout

disasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天飛機）ChallengerandColumbia,andthe

sinkingoftheTitanic.

Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemupor

engineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontext

inwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowquality

materialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,with

seeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.

Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussion

oftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.

HSuccessissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.

8.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?

A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.

B.Itswayedviolentlyinastrongwind

C.Itsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehicles

D.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.

9.WhichofthefollowingisDrPetroski*sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?

A.Nodesigniswellreceivedeverywhere

B.Constructionismoreimportantthandesign.

C.Notalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesign

D.Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.

10.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Failurecanleadtoprogress.B.Successresultsinoverconfidence

C.Failureshouldbeavoided.D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.

11.Whatisthetext?

A.AnewsreportB.Ashortstory.

C.AbookreviewD.Aresearcharticle.

【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.C

【解析】這是一篇書評。主要講述了對彼得羅斯基博士的書《原諒設計：理解失敗》的評論，工程設計可

能會因為某些原因帶來失敗，但失敗才能帶來進步。

【8題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewas

closedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshow

up.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,

engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadit

hadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金門大橋舉行了一個50

歲生日聚會。這座橋禁止機動車通行，人們可以在橋上散步。組織者預計將有5萬人到場。相反，多達80

萬人擠滿了通往大橋的道路。當25萬人在橋上時，工程師們注意到了一個可怕的現(xiàn)象：路面在被要求承載

的最重荷載作用下變得平了。更糟的是，它開始晃動。因此可以看出，金門大橋50歲生日那天，它的重量

超過了它的承受能力。故選A。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwho

thoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsider

thelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwith

lowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainand

again,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.”可矢口，雖然他承認

工程設計可能會因為那些想出或設計它們的人只是把事情弄錯了失敗，但在這本書中，彼得羅斯基博士拓

寬了他的視野，考慮了這種失敗發(fā)生的更大背景。有時，由于一個好的設計是用不合格的低質量材料建造

的，所以裝置會失敗?；蛘撸粋€設計工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是

無害的改進，直到突然間，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推測出，根據(jù)第三段，不是所有的災難都是由工

程設計引起的是彼得羅斯基博士的想法。故選C。

【10題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失敗才能帶來進步。因此可

以看出，A項與此相呼應，即失敗能帶來進步，故選A。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthat

isatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.”可知，這個故事是《原諒設計：理

解失敗》一書中的一個，這本書既是對工程的一封情書，也是對其崩潰的贊歌。并且后面兩段都在寫這本

書里的內容以及評價，再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,but

somenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoung

engineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.”可知，讀者不僅會遇到他