日語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全重點(diǎn)筆記教案

日語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全整理筆記之目錄

日語(yǔ)基本讀音....................................................................11

常識(shí)............................................................................13

1.外來(lái)語(yǔ)....................................................................13

1日語(yǔ)的音調(diào)（重音）......................................................14

1常用中國(guó)姓氏讀法........................................................15

生常用H本姓氏讀法........................................................15

L語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ)名..............................................................16

LH語(yǔ)詞匯分類............................................................16

1地名和讀法..............................................................17

區(qū)英文字母II語(yǔ)讀法........................................................18

各種常用詞......................................................................19

1.數(shù)詞和量詞..............................................................19

1.1.數(shù)詞............................................................19

1.2.量詞............................................................21

1數(shù)量、順序詞匯的讀法...................................................21

1星期的表示..............................................................22

4日期表達(dá)法..............................................................22

1月份表達(dá)法..............................................................23

團(tuán)四季表達(dá)法..............................................................23

L時(shí)分秒表達(dá)法............................................................23

區(qū)其它時(shí)間相關(guān)表達(dá)法.....................................................23

語(yǔ)法............................................................................25

L判斷句..................................................................25

1」.基本句型（肯定式）..................................................25

12過(guò)去肯定式..........................................................25

1.3.否定式.............................................................25

1.4.過(guò)去否定式........................................................25

1.5.將來(lái)推測(cè)式........................................................26

1.6.疑問(wèn)式.............................................................26

1.7.特殊疑問(wèn)式........................................................26

1.8.中頓式.............................................................26

1存在句..................................................................27

2.1.存在動(dòng)詞的含義....................................................27

2.2.存在動(dòng)詞的分工....................................................27

2.3.存在句句型........................................................27

2.3.1.表示“有”含義的基本句型...................................28

2.3.2.表示"在"含義的基本句型...................................28

生愿望句式............................................................28

3.1.（第一人稱+…力寸。/（第—人稱）想…............28

3.2.（第一人稱+（士）…力:/在…k1、占思I、興寸。/（第一人稱）想…....28

3.3.（第一人稱+（J：）…在…/J;5jz思I、殺。/（第一人稱）想要….....28

生形容詞.............................................................29

4.1.詞形特征............................................................29

4.2.詞尾變化............................................................29

4.2.1.連用形......................................................29

4.2.2.終1卜形......................................................29

4.2.3.連體形......................................................30

4.2.4.假定形......................................................30

4.2.5.推量形......................................................30

4.3.形容詞的簡(jiǎn)體與敬體.................................................30

5.形容動(dòng)詞...........................................................31

5.1.詞形特征...........................................................31

5.2.詞尾變化（活用）...............................................31

5.2.1.連用形......................................................31

5.2.2.終止形......................................................31

5.2.3.連體形......................................................31

5.2.4.假定形......................................................32

5.2.5.推量形......................................................32

5.3.判斷助動(dòng)詞與形容動(dòng)詞詞尾[k]...................................................................32

5.4.形容動(dòng)詞的簡(jiǎn)體、敬體及其應(yīng)用.....................................32

6.動(dòng)詞.....................................................................33

6.1.動(dòng)詞分類.......................................................33

6.1.L按活用形式分類............................................33

6.1.1./.五段活用動(dòng)詞.................................................................................33

6.1.1.2.一段活用動(dòng)詞..................................................................................33

6.1.1.3.力行變格活用動(dòng)詞.......................................................................34

6.L1.4.廿行變格活用動(dòng)詞.......................................................................34

6.L2?按語(yǔ)法作用分類............................................34

6.2.動(dòng)詞的活用形......................................................34

6.2.1.動(dòng)詞的終1卜形...............................................34

6?2-2.動(dòng)詞的連體形...............................................35

6.2.3.動(dòng)詞的連用形.............................................35

6.2.3.L五段動(dòng)詞的連用形............................................................................35

6.2.3.2.一段動(dòng)詞的連用形........................................................................35

6.2.3.3.力行變格活用動(dòng)詞的連用形......................................................35

6.2.3.4.廿行孌格活用動(dòng)詞的淬用形.......................................................36

6.23.5.五段動(dòng)詞的音便形........................................................................36

6.2.4.動(dòng)詞的未然形.................................................37

6.2.4.1.五段活用動(dòng)詞的未然形...................................................................37

6.2.4.2.—E殳活用動(dòng)詞的未然形...................................................................37

6.2.4.3.力行變格活用動(dòng)詞的未然形...........................................................37

6.2.4.4.廿行變格活用動(dòng)詞的未然形......................................................38

6.2.5.動(dòng)詞的假定形...............................................38

6.2.6.動(dòng)詞的命令形..............................................38

6.2.6.1.五段動(dòng)詞的命令形......................................38

6.2.6.2.一段動(dòng)詞的命令形......................................39

6.2.6.3.力變動(dòng)詞的命令形....................................39

6.2.6.4.廿變動(dòng)詞的命令形....................................39

6.2.7.動(dòng)詞的推量形及推量助動(dòng)詞（5?上"......................39

6.2.7.1.五段動(dòng)詞的推量形....................................40

6.2.7.2.一段動(dòng)詞的推量形....................................40

6.2.7.3.力變動(dòng)詞的推量形....................................40

6.2.7.4.廿變動(dòng)詞的推量形....................................40

6.3.授受關(guān)系動(dòng)詞及其用法.............................................40

6.3.1.授受關(guān)系動(dòng)詞...............................................41

6.3.2.授受關(guān)系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的補(bǔ)助動(dòng)詞句............................42

6.3.3.授受關(guān)系三原貝［］............................................42

6.4.動(dòng)詞的使役態(tài)、使很助動(dòng)詞「5.6.5.芯6.6.、使役句....43

6.5.動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)及被動(dòng)助動(dòng)詞（:盲）........................44

a.被動(dòng)句的基本句型：..............................................45

b.被動(dòng)句的擴(kuò)展句型.................................................45

a）處理雙賓語(yǔ)句................................................45

b）處理漢語(yǔ)“…的…”結(jié)構(gòu).......................................45

6.6.可能態(tài)及可能動(dòng)詞.................................................46

a.動(dòng)詞原形+二士力＜7?.........................................46

b.動(dòng)詞未然形+46

c.五段動(dòng)詞詞尾「5」段假名-＞「完」段假名+馬...................46

d.?變動(dòng)詞詞干+Y...........................................47

7.助詞、助動(dòng)詞.......................................................47

7.1.提示助詞［⑶......................................................47

7.2.提示助詞［＜＞］......................................................47

7.3.助詞［力:］..........................................................47

7.3.1.主格助詞［力巧...............................................48

7.3.2.格助詞［力打.................................................48

7.3.3.接續(xù)助詞［力氣...............................................48

7.4.領(lǐng)格助詞［CD］.......................................................48

7.5.終助詞［力、］.........................................................48

7.6.接續(xù)助詞.......................................................49

7.7.提示助詞［（婦.......................................................49

7.8.挎續(xù)助詞［力.................................................49

7.9.補(bǔ)格助詞［上也.................................................49

7.10.副助詞...................................................49

7.11.終助詞.................................................49

7.12.傳囿助動(dòng)詞57^］.............................................50

7.13.補(bǔ)格助詞［仁］....................................................50

7.14.副助詞［力'］......................................................50

7.15.并列助詞［i：］...................................................50

7.16.副助詞［和.....................................................51

7.17.位格［G］........................................................51

7.18.敬體助動(dòng)詞［來(lái)寸］...............................................51

7.19.賓格助詞［在］...................................................52

7.20.賓格助詞［Y］....................................................52

7.21.過(guò)去完了助動(dòng)詞［k］.............................................52

7.21.1.的終1卜形...........................................52

7.21.2.［k］的連體形..............................................53

7.21.3.員］的假定形［Z:針........................................53

7.22.接續(xù)助詞［t］...................................................53

7.23.補(bǔ)助動(dòng)詞［~C］....................................................53

7.23.1.補(bǔ)助動(dòng)詞.........................................54

7.23.2.補(bǔ)助動(dòng)詞［~C辦馬］........................................54

7.24.接續(xù)助詞....................................................54

7.25.補(bǔ)格助詞［仁］....................................................54

7.26.補(bǔ)格助詞［力、.................................................55

7.27.否定助動(dòng)詞［玄I、］...............................................55

7.27.1.連用形...................................................55

7.27.2.連體形....................................................55

7.27.3.終止形....................................................56

7.27.4.假定形....................................................56

7.27.5.推量形....................................................56

7.28.判斷助動(dòng)詞「5.7.31.T$＞^」5.7.32..............................56

7.29.補(bǔ)格助詞［乜...................................................57

7.30.補(bǔ)助動(dòng)詞「（?。海﹍、＜,（~C）L殺5」............................57

7.30.1.…（G1、＜..............................................57

7.30.2.…（~C）L5............................................57

7.31.表示假定的助詞及助動(dòng)詞「（1/2:/玄"/^^」.....................58

7.31.1.揩續(xù)助詞“了」............................................58

7.31.2.接續(xù)助詞「＜h」...........................................58

7.31.3.助動(dòng)詞「玄三」...........................................58

7.31.4.助動(dòng)詞..........................................59

7.32.否定助動(dòng)詞「必（4）」...........................................59

7.33.樣態(tài)助動(dòng)詞............................................60

7.34.補(bǔ)格助詞「殺7?」................................................60

7.35.副助詞.................................................60

7.36.副助詞￡2512..................................................60

7.37.接續(xù)助詞...............................................61

7.38.補(bǔ)助動(dòng)詞「（~C）＜馬/（~C）掃盲」.............................61

7.38.1.???（1：）〈飛..............................................61

7.38.2.?“（?。海呙?...............................................61

7.39.愿望助動(dòng)詞「趙1'」.............................................61

7.40.助詞「在」.....................................................62

7.41.副助詞r＜bLVCbl'J..........................................62

7.42.復(fù)合助詞「殺TI：：」..............................................63

7.43.補(bǔ)格助詞「I?」.................................................63

7.44.補(bǔ)格助詞四..................................................63

7.45.終助詞「玄」...................................................63

7.46.補(bǔ)助動(dòng)詞「（~C）亦馬」.........................................63

7.47.表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)概數(shù)的「二馬...................................64

7.48.補(bǔ)助動(dòng)詞「（~C）扮＜」.........................................64

7.49.補(bǔ)格助詞3.................................................64

7.50.樣態(tài)助動(dòng)詞「上5^」............................................64

7.51.副助詞.................................................65

7.52.副助詞冶完」..................................................65

7.53.接續(xù)助詞「玄力、三」..............................................65

7.54.格續(xù)助詞「（D~C」...............................................66

7.55.并列助詞「口..................................................66

7.56.挎續(xù)助詞「舌?」................................................66

7.57.補(bǔ)格助詞「'」.................................................67

久期..........................................................67

8.1.專用敬語(yǔ)詞匯...................................................67

8.1.1.專用尊敬語(yǔ)詞匯及其用法....................................67

8.1.2.專用自謙詞匯及其用法......................................68

8.2.非專用敬語(yǔ)詞匯的構(gòu)詞形式......................................69

8.2.L非專用尊敬語(yǔ)詞匯的構(gòu)詞形式及其用法.......................69

8.2.2.非專用自謀語(yǔ)詞匯的構(gòu)詞形式及其用法.......................70

8.3.其它敬語(yǔ)形式：.................................................70

8.3.1.借用被動(dòng)助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成尊敬語(yǔ)形式..............70

8.3.2.借用「l、Zr^'＜」或「悅直5」構(gòu)成自謙句式...................70

II語(yǔ)基本句型...................................................................72

I...心…二.........................................................72

2.…^:…丁寸力'.......................................................72

3.…（j：玄兒?寸力,.....................................................72

4.…9來(lái)寸...................................................72

5.…（J：…◎、殺守.....................................................72

6.…仁…力：（｛＞）上＞叮來(lái)寸.............................................72

7.???（二.??力N、殺寸.....................................................73

8.…力:.......................................................73

9,???Md：…（j：ab叮殺過(guò)人...............................................73

10.…仁…力;I、＜2.寸力'..........................................73

11.…補(bǔ)....................................................73

12.…d：…D...............................................73

13.…在…..............................................................74

14.體言詞）+6馬..................................................74

15.”dj：力:............................................................74

16.B上AO泛5力;???WW.............................................74

17.A…-e-r...................................................74

18.

一

19.

一

20.（上口上思（無(wú)?切I、殺f（第一人稱）.......................74

一

用言（動(dòng)詞）連體形+內(nèi)~e~r.......................................75

21.

一…^75

22.

一定語(yǔ)+75

23.

一…《：”?占言22二占）I、殺寸.....................................75

24.

一（???（：）.“<h言I、興..........................................76

25.…在…占言I、殺~T...................................................76

一

26.…在…仁行豈興寸（來(lái)來(lái)寸）....................................76

一

27.…（爪、1、3、）...................................................76

一

…a：思I、支支.......................................................76

28.

一…（寸馬）前（殺；I）仁............................................77

29.

一…上5.........................................................77

30.

一$）興9…玄L、.......................................................77

31.

一...上SIR力:...................................................77

32.…?^…9…玄jf.....................................................77

一

33.疑問(wèn)詞+t>…否定式................................................78

一

34.??????...........................................................78

一

…（②）趙的口.....................................................78

35.

一…；：...................................................78

36.

一…L力'…玄I、.......................................................78

37.

一…"2^±.......................................................78

38.

一…玄力弘...........................................................79

39.…感（力'A-）C力:~1~馬>...............................................79

一

40.…才；2…/；...................................................79

一

41.”?O興興...........................................................79

一

…八左............................................................79

42.

一…嘰W...........................................................80

43.

一…仁................................................80

44.

一…前（（二）.........................................................80

45.

一???<!:???（占）15（，（^<5J）"?...................................80

46.疑問(wèn)詞+81

一

…~C堂.............................................................81

…上5C...........................................................81

…玄，j?:tUf玄三玄I、.................................................81

…仁占。1：.........................................................81

…占R-Q...........................................................82

???一方.............................................................82

???■Cd：玄巧玄I、.....................................................82

…玄I、.....................................................82

…二（h力:~ewZ>.....................................................83

…（^）乙<h力;注）盲.................................................83

…仁文寸Lt.........................................................83

…C：占仁玄Z>.......................................................83

完…仁lz馬.....................................................83

吃

..84

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

...

....

玄I、

:I、歲

［、■!

一…玄

84

...

....

....