初中英語(yǔ)12個(gè)語(yǔ)法體系

初中英語(yǔ)12個(gè)語(yǔ)法體系一、8組人稱代詞I我（主格）me我（賓格）my我的you你（主格）you你（賓格）your你的He他（主格）him他（賓格）his他的she她（主格）her她（賓格）hers她的we我們（主格）us我們（賓格）our我們的they他們（主格）them他們（賓格）their他們的It它（主格）it它（賓格）its它的that那，那個(gè)these這些those那二、20個(gè)疑問(wèn)代詞問(wèn)什么what問(wèn)原因why問(wèn)哪里where問(wèn)哪個(gè)which問(wèn)誰(shuí)who問(wèn)誰(shuí)的whose問(wèn)時(shí)候when問(wèn)怎樣how問(wèn)顏色whatcolor問(wèn)幾點(diǎn)whattime問(wèn)星期whatday問(wèn)年齡howold問(wèn)多少howmany問(wèn)多高h(yuǎn)owtall問(wèn)價(jià)格howmuch問(wèn)多大howbig問(wèn)多長(zhǎng)howlong問(wèn)多久howsoon問(wèn)頻率howoften問(wèn)多重howheavy三、八大時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)ago以前yesterday昨天lasttime上次lastnight昨晚lastyear去年lastterm上學(xué)期lastMonday上周一justnow剛才once曾經(jīng)intheearlydays在早期thedaybeforeyesterday前天一般將來(lái)時(shí)tomorrow明天tomorrownight明晚soon很快nexttime下次nextFriday下周五nextmonth下個(gè)月atonce立刻nextterm下學(xué)soonerorlater遲早bytheendoft+將來(lái)時(shí)間后天thedayaftertomorrow后天一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)always總是usually通常often經(jīng)常sometimes有時(shí)everyday每天everytime每次inthemorning早上onceaweek每周一次never從不atnight在晚上everySunday每個(gè)周日hardlyever幾乎不threetimesaweek每周三次twiceamonth每月兩次現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)now現(xiàn)在atthismoment此時(shí)listen聽(tīng)atthistime此時(shí)atpresent現(xiàn)在look看atthattime在那時(shí)atthatmoment在那時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)Tomorrow明天soon很快thedayaftertomorrow后天nextweek/month/year/...下周/下個(gè)月/明年現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)already已經(jīng)yet還just剛才sofar目前為止never從不ever曾經(jīng)before以前for+一段時(shí)間uptonow目前為止since+過(guò)去某一時(shí)間過(guò)去完成時(shí)by+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)bythetime到...時(shí)候?yàn)橹筨ythen到那時(shí)候bylasttime最后一次before+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)upuntil+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)upuntilthen直到那時(shí)upuntillasttime直到上次四、16種時(shí)態(tài)1．一般過(guò)去時(shí)did2．一般將來(lái)時(shí)will+do3．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be+doing5．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doing6．過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+done7．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+done8．將來(lái)完成時(shí)willhave+done9．將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)willbe+doin10．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeen+doing11．將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)willhavebeen+doing12．過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)hadbeen+doing13．一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would+do/wasgoingto14．過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)wouldbedoing15．過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)wouldhavedone16．過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)wouldhavebeendoing五、10種單詞詞性動(dòng)詞v名詞n形容詞adj.冠詞art.副詞adv.數(shù)詞num介詞prep感嘆詞int連詞coni.代詞pron.六、常見(jiàn)英文縮寫(xiě)Iam——I'misnot——isn'tItis——it'sarenot——aren'tHeis——he'swasnot——wasn'tsheis——she'swerenot——weren'tthatis——that'scouldnot——couldn'tcannot——can'tthereis-there'syouare——you'redonot——don'tWeare——we'redoesnot——doesn'ttheyare——they'redidnot——didn'twhatis——what'sIwill——I'llwhenis——when'swewill——we'llwhois——who'swillnot——won't七、8大句子結(jié)構(gòu)主謂S+V主謂賓賓補(bǔ)S+V+0+C主謂賓S+V+0名詞性從句（主賓表同）主系表S+V+C形容詞性從句（定語(yǔ)從句）主謂賓賓S+V+0+0副詞性從句（狀語(yǔ)從句）八、8大時(shí)態(tài)①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/isare②一般將來(lái)時(shí)willdowill/shallbedone③一般過(guò)去時(shí)didwas/weredone④現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)bedoingam/is/arebeingdoing⑤現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdonehave/hasbeendone⑥過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddonehadbeendone⑦過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)woulddowouldbedone⑧過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)bedoingwas/werebeingdone九、10大單詞詞性動(dòng)詞（v.）表示人或事物的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)例：smile，finish名詞（n.）表示人和事物的總稱例：apple，pen數(shù)詞（num.）表示數(shù)量或順序例：one，first介詞（prep.）用在名/代詞前，說(shuō)明關(guān)系例：in，on，at冠詞（art.）用在名詞前，說(shuō)明所指人或事例：a，an，the連詞（conj.）用來(lái)連接短語(yǔ)或句子例：and，but副詞（adv.）修飾動(dòng)詞/形容詞/其他副詞例：now，truly代詞（pron.）代替名詞/形容詞/數(shù)詞例：his，them形容詞（adj.）修飾名詞，表人或事物的特質(zhì)例：good，short感嘆詞（int.）表明說(shuō)話時(shí)的感情和口氣例：oh，well十、8大句子成分主語(yǔ)句子的主角，常用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作、行為的發(fā)出者謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“干什么”或“怎么樣”賓語(yǔ)常用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作何時(shí)何地如何發(fā)生或形容/副詞程度補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)同位語(yǔ)對(duì)一個(gè)名詞或者代詞進(jìn)行解釋或者補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明十一、8類(lèi)代詞人稱代詞I、you、they、it指示代詞this、that、these、such、same物主代詞my、his、their、mine、hers疑問(wèn)代詞who、whom、whose、which、what反身代詞myself、ourselves、oneself關(guān)系代詞who、whom、whose、which、that相互代詞eachother、oneanother不定代詞some、any、no、all、one、every．．十二、12時(shí)態(tài)1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作2．一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、計(jì)劃打算的動(dòng)作3．一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作、過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在6．將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)7．將來(lái)完成時(shí)表