2024 年貿(mào)易援助概覽（英）-148正式版

AidforTradeataGlance2024AbouttheOECDTheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentworkstobuildbetterpoliciesforbetterlives.Togetherwithgovernments,policymakersandcitizens,itworksonestablishingevidence-basedinternationalstandardsand?ndingsolutionstoarangeofsocial,economicandenvironmentalchallenges.AbouttheWTOTheWorldTradeOrganizationistheinternationalbodydealingwiththeglobalrulesoftradebetweennations.Itsmainfunctionistoensurethattrade?owsassmoothly,predictablyandfreelyaspossible,withalevelplaying?eldforallitsmembers.DisclaimerThisworkispublishedundertheresponsibilityoftheSecretary-GeneraloftheOECDandoftheWTOSecretariat.Theopinionsexpressedandargumentsemployedhereindonotnecessarilyre?ecttheof?cialviewsoftheMembercountriesoftheOECD,orthemembersoftheWTO.ThenamesandrepresentationsofcountriesandterritoriesusedinthisjointpublicationfollowthepracticeoftheWTO.Thedesignationsemployedinthispublication,aswellasanydata,mapandpresentationofmaterialthereindonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheOECDandtheWTOandarewithoutprejudicetothelegalstatusoforsovereigntyoveranycountry,areaorterritory,thedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundaries,andtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.Cover:(Top)AfarmerworksonherriceplantsinSulawesi,Indonesia.(Bottomleft)TheInternationalInstituteofTropicalAgriculture’sYouthAgripreneursprogrammeisrunacrossSub-SaharanAfrica.(Bottomright)Agarmentworkerinalocalclothingplant,Haiti.AidforTradeataGlance20241ContentsForeword46AcknowledgementsExecutivesummaryIntroduction7121AidforTradepriorities167423FinancingAidforTradeprioritiesImpactandeffectivenessofAidforTrade108AbbreviationsBibliography140141MombasaPort,Kenya.AidforTradeataGlance2024ForewordTheWTO’s13thMinisterialConference(MC13),whichtookplaceearlierthisyearinAbuDhabi,reaf?rmedthechangingclimate,traderemainsavitaltoolforadvancingglobaldevelopment–andconsequently,sodoesAidforTrade.Thedigitaltransformationisreshapingtrade,creatingnewopportunitiesandchallengesfordevelopingeconomies–andAidforTradeneedstosupportdigitalinfrastructureandbuildcapacitytoensurethatnocountryisleftbehind.Similarly,climatechangeandenvironmentalsustainabilityarecentralissues,impactingtradepatternsandinternationalcommunity’ssharedcommitmenttopromoteinclusiveandsustainabledevelopmentthroughtrade.AidforTraderemainsacriticalelementofourcollectivecommitmenttoensuringthatthebene?tsoftradearesharedmorewidely,particularlywithdevelopingeconomiesandleast-developedcountries(LDCs).shapingdevelopmentpriorities.AidforTrademustaddressthesechallengesbyhelpingdevelopingeconomiestransitiontocleaner,moresustainableeconomies.Shiftinggeopoliticaldynamicsandpressuresforfragmentationinglobalsupplychainsalsounderscoretheimportanceofbuildingtheinfrastructureandpartnershipsneededtopursuegreaterresilience,includingthroughwhattheWTOcalls“re-globalization”:diversifyingproductionandtradenetworks,providingopportunitiestomarginalizedgroupsandcommunities.AidforTradehasacriticalroletoplayhere.MC13emphasizedtherolethatAidforTradecanplaytosupporteconomicgrowth,povertyreductionandsustainabledevelopment.Recognizingthesigni?cantchallengesfacedbydevelopingeconomiesandLDCs,ministersunderscoredtheneedtoenhancetrade-relatedcapacitybuildingandsupporttofacilitatetheirintegrationintotheglobaleconomy.Thiscommitmentisre?ectedintheAidforTradeprioritiesoutlinedbydevelopingeconomiesanddonors,whichechotheobjectivessetforthintheAbuDhabiMinisterialDeclaration.The2024jointOECD–WTOAidforTrademonitoringandevaluation(M&E)exerciseprovidesvaluableinsightsintotheprogressmadesincetheInitiative’sstartin2006andthechallengesahead.Ithighlightstherelevanceoftargetedinterventionsinkeyareassuchasinfrastructuredevelopment,agricultureanddigitalization,whichareessentialforbuildingresilientandinclusiveeconomies.Innovative?nancingmechanismsareneededtoaddressnewchallengesand?nancetrade-relatedneeds.Traditionalformsofdevelopment?nanceareunderstress,whichcallsfornewmodelsandfreshapproaches.Thismeansengagingabroaderarrayofactors,includingtheprivatesector,andleveragingsustainable?nanceandblended?nancemechanisms.Bytappingintotheseinnovativeapproaches,wecancomplementtraditionalpublicfundingandbettersupporttradeintegrationanddevelopmentefforts.Aswenavigatethecomplexitiesofthepost-pandemicworld,amidstgeopoliticaltensions,increasingdebtburdensanda4ForewordInconclusion,the2024editionofthejointWTO–OECDAidforTradeataGlancereaf?rmsourcontinuingcommitmenttoleveragingtradeasaforcefordevelopment.ByinvestinginAidforTrade,wecanunlocknewopportunitiesforgrowth,createjobsandpromoteinclusivedevelopment.Aswelookahead,letusworktogethertoensuretheAidforTradeInitiativeremainseffectiveandrelevant.Together,wecanworktowardsamoreinclusiveandsustainablemultilateraltradingsystem,whereallcountriesandallpeoplehavetheopportunitytothrive.Dr.NgoziOkonjo-IwealaDirector-GeneralMathiasCormannSecretary-GeneralWorldTradeOrganizationOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment5AidforTradeataGlance2024AcknowledgementsThispublicationistheresultofajointeffortoftheOECDandtheWTOandwaspreparedundertheoverallguidanceofMichaelRoberts(Head,AidforTradeUnit,DevelopmentDivision,WTO)andOlivierCattaneo(HeadofUnit,ArchitectureandAnalysis,DevelopmentCo-operationDirectorate,OECD).WTODeputyDirector-GeneralXiangchenZhang,Tau?qurRahman(DirectoroftheDevelopmentDivision,WTO)andMaríadelPilarGarridoGonzalo(DirectorforDevelopmentCo-operation,OECD)supervisedthework.ThepublicationwaseditedandreviewedbyRossMcRaeandAnthonyMartinoftheInformationandExternalRelationsDivisionoftheWTO,andbyHenri-BernardSolignacLecomte,HeadofCommunicationsoftheOECDDevelopmentCluster.AdditionalcontributionswereprovidedbyMasatoHayashikawaSubramaniam.MichaelRoberts,LucasChiodi,ThéoMbise,ChristianSteidlandQingYealsocontributed.OECDinputswereprovidedbyOlivierCattaneo,CoralieMartin,SilviaSorescuandGabrieleCristofaro.ExpertopinionpieceswereprovidedbyPhillipeIsler(GlobalAllianceforTradeFacilitation),BrillPalmer(MinistryofTradeandCommerce,Vanuatu),MaríadelPilarGarridoGonzalo(OECD),BirgitViohl(TradeFacilitationAgreementFacility)andJasmeerVirdee(InternationalTradeCentre).Additionalcontributionsweregratefullyreceivedfrom:SimonHess(EnhancedIntegratedFrameworkSecretariat),MartinRoyandAntoniaCarzaniga(TradeinServicesandInvestmentDivision,WTO);PierreSauvé(WorldBankGroup);MarcBacchetta,RobertaPiermartiniandDayongYu(EconomicResearchandStatisticsDivision,WTO);MariaAlvarez(MarketAccessDivision,WTO);BarbaraRamosandMilouVanBruggen(InternationalTradeCentre).(DevelopmentCo-operationDirectorate,OECD).Chapter1waswrittenbytheWTO.TheleadauthorwasMichaelRoberts.VishvanathanSubramaniam,LucasChiodi,ThéoMbiseandQingYe(DevelopmentDivision)alsocontributed.AdditionalcontributionswereprovidedbyCarminaBaezandChristianSteidl(DevelopmentDivision).ThispublicationisalsotheresultofextensiveconsultationswithOECDandWTOmembersaswellasotherpartnersoftheAidforTradeInitiative.Itbene?tedfromreportingeffortstotheOECDCreditorReportingSystem,onwhichthedataanalysisisbased,andanswerstothejointOECD–WTOAidforTradeMonitoringandEvaluation(M&E)surveyconductedin2023-2024.TheM&EsurveywasmanagedbyThéoMbise,undertheguidanceofMichaelRobertsandwithsupportfromBarbaraMarcetich,LucasChiodi,VisvanathanSubramaniamandQingYe(DevelopmentDivision,WTO).Chapter2waswrittenbytheOECD.TheleadauthorwasCoralieMartin(FinancingforSustainableDevelopment,DevelopmentCo-operationDirectorate).Thechapterwasco-authoredbySilviaSorescu(TradePolicyDivision,TradeandAgricultureDirectorate,OECD).ContributionswereprovidedbyCemreBalaban(TradePolicyDivision,TradeandAgricultureDirectorate,OECD),OlivierCattaneo,BenjaminMichel,GabrieleCristofaro(FinancingforSustainableDevelopmentDivision,DevelopmentCo-operationSpecialthanksisgiventoMariamSoumaréandMacarenaTorresRosselfromtheWorldEconomicForumfortheirsupport.TheWTOandOECDwouldliketoexpresstheirappreciationtoallparticipantsinthe2024jointOECD–WTOAidforTradeM&Eexercise.Directorate)andAndreaGimeno(consultant).Chapter3waswrittenbytheWTOandtheOECD.TheleadauthorwasVishvanathan6ExecutivesummaryAidforTradedeliverseconomicbene?tsforallthroughinvestmentsininfrastructure,tradecapacityandtheexportindustriesofthefuture.arerequiredtohelpdevelopingeconomiesandLDCstobene?tfromemergingtradeopportunitiesfromthedigitalandgreentransition.DespitebouncingbackfromthedisruptionscausedbytheCOVID-19pandemic,developingeconomiesandLDCscontinuetofacecomplexandmultifacetedchallenges.Thebackdropofgeopoliticaltensions,climatechangeandtheevolvingnatureoftrade–markedbyrapidgrowthindigitalconnectivityande-commerce–underscoresthenecessityofatargetedapproachtoAidforTrade.Between2006and2022,over90bilateralandmultilateraldonorscontributedacumulativetotalofUS$648billionoffundingtopromotetheintegrationofdevelopingeconomiesandleast-developedcountries(LDCs)intothemultilateraltradingsystem,unleashingtheirexportpotentialandstrengtheninglocallivelihoods.TradefeaturesprominentlyinthenationalThe2024jointOECD–WTOmonitoringandevaluation(M&E)exerciseprovidesanoverviewoftheAidforTradeInitiativeandtrackstheeffectivenessofdevelopment?nance?owssincethelaunchoftheInitiative,withanevolvingfocusonenvironmentalandsocialimpactsalongsidetraditionaltradeperformancemetrics.AcornerstoneoftheInitiative,thebiennialM&EexercisegarnersinformationbasedonresponsesprovidedbyAidforTradedonorsandrecipients–referredtoaspartnercountries–inself-assessmentquestionnaires.developmentstrategiesofall110respondentstotheM&Esurveyquestionnaire:thestrategiesof94percentofpartnercountriesincludetradepriorities.Theresponsesofdevelopingeconomies–andinparticularLDCs–showthattheyarelookingattradetosupporteconomicgrowth(95percentofresponses)andeconomicdiversi?cation(79percentofresponses).ResponsestotheM&Equestionnairefrompartnercountriesshowthatmanyofthetargetssetoutinnationaldevelopmentstrategiesalignwithbroaderdevelopmentobjectives–notablytheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs).Thisintersectionoftradeanddevelopmenthasneverbeenmorerelevant,astheworldnavigatesapost-pandemicrealityfraughtwithchallenges,butalsorichinnewopportunities.Developingeconomiesanddevelopmentcooperationpartnersarecommittedtotradeasadriverofeconomicgrowth,povertyreductionandsustainabledevelopment.RenewedinternationalcommitmentssignalarevivalinAidforTrade.Inapolycrisisworld,AidforTradeoffersaspringboardfordevelopingeconomiesandLDCstohelpthembuildmoreresilient,inclusiveandsustainableeconomiesthroughthetransformativepoweroftrade.However,inarapidlychanginglandscapeofglobaltradeanddevelopmentcooperation,greatereffortsThe2024M&EexerciserevealsasustainedcommitmenttoAidforTrade,asevidencedbytherevivalindisbursementsandcommitmentsandcontinuedprominence7AidforTradeataGlance2024oftradeobjectivesinnationaldevelopmentstrategies.Thisengagementre?ectsarecognitionthattradeshouldbothbeadriverofpost-COVIDpandemiceconomicrecoveryandgrowth,anddeliverinclusiveoutcomesforwomen,youthandmicro,smallandmedium-sizedenterprises(MSMEs).Forexample,resultsfromtheM&Eexerciseindicatethat82percentofpartnercountrieshaveasectoralobjectiveortargetrelatedtotourism,makingitthenexthighestprioritysectorafteragriculture.TotaldisbursementsfortourismwereUS$?287?millionin2022,whichrepresentedonly0.5percentoftotalAidforTradedisbursementsforthatyear.AtUS$?2.9?billion,manufacturingaccountedfor6percentoftotalAidforTradedisbursementsin2022.SincethelaunchoftheAidforTradeInitiative,US$?34.3?billionhavebeendisbursedinthissector,whichrepresents5percentofalldisbursements.DisbursementsandcommitmentsforAidforTradesurgedin2022,surpassingpre-pandemiclevels,re?ectingareboundfromthedisruptionsbroughtbytheCOVID-19pandemic.Disbursementsreachedanall-timehighofUS$?51.1?billionin2022–a14percentyear-on-yearincreaseinrealterms.Commitmentsincreased31percentin2022toreachapeakofUS$?65?billion.EnsuringalignmentbetweenthestrategiesofpartnercountriesanddonorsiscrucialfortheeffectiveimplementationandassessmentofAidforTrade?nancing.The2024M&Eexercisehasidenti?edseveralchallengesthatcouldbeaddressedtoenhancethescaleandeffectivenessofAidforTradeprojects,including:alackofharmonybetweenprojectdurationsandfundingcycles;institutionalcapacityconstraints;toonarrowasetof?nancinginstrumentstosupportobjectives;anddiscrepanciesinunderstandingrecipients’needsandcoordinationamongstakeholders.AidforTrade?nancing?owsprovedagile,resilientandlargelyalignedwithpartnercountrypriorities.Between2020and2022,AidforTradedisbursementsrespondedquicklytomitigatetheeffectsoftradedisruptionsandtoaddressemergingchallenges,suchas?nancingcleanenergytransitionsandsupportingfoodsecurity.Whileadaptingtothemacroeconomicenvironment,AidforTrade?nancing?owsmaintainedafocusonnationalpriorities.Amongpartnercountries,53percentconsideredAidforTradeasmostlyorcompletelyalignedwithnationalpriorities,34percentconsidereditmoderatelyorsomewhatalignedand6percentnotaligned.Amongdonors,78percentconsideredAidforTrademostlyorcompletelyalignedwithpartnercountrypriorities,and12percentsomewhatormoderatelyaligned.AidforTradeishelpingbridgetheinfrastructuregap,fosterconnectivityandsupportcleanenergytransitions.IntheaftermathoftheCOVID-19pandemic,AidforTradedisbursementstoinfrastructuredevelopmentincreasedby28percent,reachingUS$?27.9?billionin2022,withanotableincreaseindisbursementsdirectedtowardsthetransportationandstoragesectors.ResultsfromtheM&Eexerciseindicatethat74percentofpartnercountriesconsideredinfrastructuredevelopmentasoneoftheirstrategicpriorities.TraditionalAidforTradesectorssuchastradefacilitation,agricultureandmanufacturingcontinuetorankhighamongpartnercountrypriorities,whilenewprioritiesemergetosupportdigitalization,services,thegreentransition,womenandyouthemployment.Thereisscopetoincreasesupportinseveralareas,includingtourismandtradepoliciesandregulations,inlightofmembers’priorities.Supporttoeconomicinfrastructureisalsocrucialto?nancesustainabletransitions,forexamplethroughsupportfortheexpansionofrenewableenergytechnologies.AidforTrade8Executivesummarydisbursementstargetingenergypredominantly?nancedrenewableenergysourcesin2022.AtotalofUS$?4.5?billionwasdisbursedforrenewableenergygeneration–a16percentrealtermincreasefrom2020levels.Digitalizationnotonlyfacilitatesmoreef?cienttradeoperationsbutalsounderpinsabroadertransformationtowardsamoreconnected,innovativeandcompetitiveglobaleconomy.Withregardtoimprovingdigitalconnectivityande-commerce,46percentofresponsesfrompartnercountriesindicatedthatAidforTradewashavingameasurablepositiveimpact,and84percentnotedthatitwouldrequirecontinuedsupport.However,thepersistentdigitaldivideposesarisktogrowth.Withoutequitabletechnologyaccess,participationintheburgeoningdigitaleconomywillremainlimited.AidforTradesupporttoinfrastructurecanalsogoalongwaytoreducingcarbonemissionsintransportation.In2022,railtransportreceivedthehighestshareofAidforTradedisbursementstargetingtransportationandstorage,withatotalofUS$?6.2?billion(+118percentfrom2020levels).Agriculturecontinuestobevitalfordevelopingeconomies.Tradefacilitationremainsaprioritytoimprovetradeef?ciencyandaddresssomeofthetrade-relatedchallengesofthedigitalandgreentransition.ApproximatelyUS$?125?billion,or18percentofallAidforTrade?nancing,hasbeendisbursedtotheagriculturesectorsince2006.Bycapitalizingonopportunitiesinagriculture,developingeconomiescanmovetowardsgreatereconomicandexportdiversi?cationthroughatransitiontomorevalue-addedactivities.AidforTradehasatangibleimpactontradeef?ciencyandcompetitiveness.Ofthepartnercountries,91percentrespondedthatAidforTradesupportwasvitalfortradefacilitationand85percentindicatedthatimprovingborderclearancewasakeyobjectiveinnationaldevelopmentstrategies.Theexpansionoftheagriculturesectorrankshighasapriorityinthenationaldevelopmentstrategiesof80percentofpartnercountryresponses.Thisshiftcanstrengthentheiragriculturalsectors,contributingtoimprovedfoodsecurity,expandedemploymentopportunitiesandenhancedruraldevelopment.Disbursementsforagriculture,forestryand?shingprovedresilientatUS$?10?billionin2022(+10percentyearonyear).ProgressinimplementingtheWTO’sAgreementonTradeFacilitationanditsimpactsinreducingtradecostsillustratesthebene?tsofstreamlinedcustomsproceduresandimprovedtradeef?ciency.Byminimizingdelaysanduncertaintiesassociatedwithborderclearance,tradefacilitationenhancestheef?ciencyofcross-bordertradetransactions.However,furthereffortsarerequiredtomaintainmomentumandtounlockthebene?tsfromimprovedtradefacilitationacrossawiderangeofsectors,withafocusontheroleofdigitalizationandgreencustomsprocedures.Digitalconnectivityande-commerceemergeasatransformativeforce.Developingeconomiesareincreasinglyprioritizingtheexpansionofthedigitaleconomyintheirnationaldevelopmentstrategies:81percentofbothpartnercountriesanddonorsreporteditapriority.AidforTradedisbursementsfocusingoninformationandcommunicationstechnologieshaveincreasedby31percentsince2020.AshighlightedbytheOECDTradeFacilitationIndicatorsandtheOECDDigitalServicesTradeRestrictivenessIndex,theglobalregulatoryenvironmentforfacilitatingtradeingoodsanddigitallydeliverableservicesremainsdynamic.However,itwillbeimportanttoenhancesupportthatcanhelpdevelopingeconomies9AidforTradeataGlance2024addressthechallengesofthedigitalandgreentransition.Astradeisevolving,tradefacilitationpoliciesarenotonlyneededtoensurethattransactionsarefasterandeasier,butthattradeisalsosustainableandresilient.andOceania.In2021-2022,averageclimate-relatedAidforTradecommitmentsfrombilateralDevelopmentAssistanceCommittee(DAC)membersamountedtoUS$?20?billion,whichrepresented67percentofbilateralAidforTradecommitmentsforthatperiod.InclusivityinAidforTradeisapriority.Againstthisbackground,thereisacontinuingneedforAidforTrade?nancing,clearlyarticulatedbydevelopingeconomies:94percentofpartnercountryrespondentsforesawfutureneedsforAidforTradetosupportthetrade-relatedaspectsofclimatechange.Amongdonorrespondents,91percentnotedthatAidforTradesupportsthetrade-relatedaspectsofclimatechange.Bothpartnercountriesanddonorsplaceastrongemphasisonwomen’seconomicempowermentandsupportforMSMEsforeconomicgrowth,povertyreductionandjobcreation.Women’seconomicempowermentandgenderequalitywasrecognizedasapriorityby82percentofpartnercountryresponsesand91percentofdonors.AidforTradecommitmentsfrombilateraldonorsincludinganobjectivetopromotegenderequalitygrewin2021-2022,reaching46percentoftotalAidforTradecommitments.Private?nancemobilizedthroughof?cialinterventionsplaysagrowingrolein?nancingtrade-relatedneeds.AidforTradeneedsaregrowingina?nanciallyconstrainedenvironment.Trade-relatedotherof?cial?owshavelongplayedanimportantroleincomplementingAidforTrade?owstosupporttradeobjectivesindevelopingeconomies.In2022,disbursementsintrade-relatedotherof?cial?owsincreasedby25percent,reachingUS$?50?billion–theirhighestleveleverachieved.MSMEsaccountfor90percentofbusinessesandmorethan50percentofemploymentworldwide.Ofpartnercountryresponses,79percentindicatedthattheirnationaldevelopmentstrategiesincludedtargetstoexpandtheMSMEsectorasapriority.Youthemploymentandskillswerealsorankedasapriorityby79percentofpartnercountries.In2022,supportforthedevelopmentofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesamountedtoUS$1.7billion,whichrepresents60percentoftotalindustrydisbursements–afocusthatalignswiththehighprioritizationofMSMEsforpartnercountries.Leveragingprivate-sectorinstrumentscanhelpunlockadditionalresources.AccordingtoOECDdata,in2022,atotalofUS$?54?billionwasmobilizedthroughof?cialinterventionsintrade-relatedsectors,whichrepresents88percentoftotalresourcesmobilizedthroughof?cialinterventions.AidforTradeisincreasinglyexpectedtohelp?nanceclimatechangemitigationandadaptation.MaintainingafocusonLDCsisessential.DevelopingeconomiesandLDCsviewclimatechangesupportasanimportantdevelopmentpriority.Prioritizationvariesacrossregionsandcountries.Ofthepartnercountryresponses,77percenthighlightedclimatechangemitigationasakeypriority.Amongdevelopingeconomies,theresponsewashigherinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanAfricaandAsiacommandthelargestshareofAidforTradedisbursements–jointlyaccountingfor70percentin2022,albeitwithdivergenttrends.AidforTradedisbursementstoAsiaincreasedby22percenttoUS$?18.2?billionin2022.Itexperiencedasurgeindisbursementsfortransportationandstorage,whichincreasedby37percenttoUS$?8.1?billion.10ExecutivesummaryIn2022,theshareofAidforTradedisbursementstoLDCswas28percentandworthaddressnewchallengeswhileresourcesareunderstress.Thechangingdynamicsofglobaldevelopmentcooperation,particularlytheshifttowards?nancingforsustainabledevelopmentandclimateaction,hasledmanyrespondentstocallfora?exibleandresponsiveapproachtoAidforTrade.US$?14?billion.LDCsremainapriority,withcommitmentstodoubleAidforTradesupportby2031inlinewiththetargetfoundintheDohaProgrammeofActionfortheLeastDevelopedCountries.However,disbursementshavefallenshortofthisobjective,necessitatingconcertedeffortstobridgethegapandaccelerateprogress.EnsuringthattherightinstrumentsareavailabletosupportLDCsandotherlow-incomecountriesisessentialtoprovideadequatesupport.Theincreasingfocusonclimateadaptationandenvironmentalobjectivesre?ectsabroadershiftinglobalpriorities.Recentcallstobuildamoreinclusivedevelopment?nancesystemandunlockadditionalresourcesfordevelopmentcreateamomentumtoenhancetheeffectivenessofAidforTradeandchartacourseofactionfortheInitiativeintheperiodafterthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.Inthatregard,theshifttowardsloansovergrantsobservedinrecentyearspresentschallenges.Thetrendwasparticularlymarkedin2022,withloansdrivinggrowthinAidforTradedisbursementsandawideninggapintheshareofloans(65percent)versusgrants(35percent).The2024jointOECD–WTOAidforTradeM&Eexerciseunderscorestherolethattradecanplayinfosteringeconomicgrowthandsustainabledevelopment.Achievingthesegoalswillrequireacoordinatedeffortbyalldevelopingeconomiesandtheir?nancingpartners.TheAidforTradeInitiativecanhelpbuildamoreequitableandresilientglobaltradingsystem,onethatmeetstheneedsofallstakeholderswhilecontributingtoasustainablefuture.Newprioritiesinglobaldevelopmentcooperationcallfora?exibleandresponsiveapproachtoAidforTrade.Akintootherformsofconcessional?nance,AidforTradeisincreasinglycalleduponto11AidforTradeataGlance2024IntroductionAidforTradeseekstoenabledevelopingeconomies,andinparticularleast-developedcountries(LDCs),tousetradeasameansoffosteringeconomicgrowth,sustainabledevelopmentandpovertyreduction.Itpromotestheintegrationofdevelopingeconomies,especiallyLDCs,intothemultilateraltradingsystemandaimstogalvanizesupporttobuildsupply-sidecapacityandtrade-relatedinfrastructureintheseeconomiestoimprovetradeperformance.howtradeisbeingintegratedintosustainabledevelopmentstrategies;howAidforTrade?nancing?owsareevolvingandsupportingthe?nancingprioritiesofpartnercountries;howtradeperformanceresultsaretrackedandthedevelopmentindicatorswhichareused.ThetransparencycreatedbytheM&EexerciseprovidesincentivesforbothdonorsandrecipientstoadvancetheAidforTradeagenda.Thispublicationdrawsontheresponsesprovidedbyparticipantstothequestionnaireofthe2024jointOECD–WTOAidforTradeM&Eexercise,whichunderpinsthe2024GlobalReviewofAidforTradeonpartnershipsforfoodsecurity,AcornerstoneoftheAidforTradeInitiativeisthemonitoringandevaluation(M&E)exercise,organizedbytheWTOandtheOECD,whichgarnersinformationbasedonresponsespr