《新編簡(jiǎn)明英語語言學(xué)教程》1-6章復(fù)習(xí)題集

《英語語言學(xué)概論》課程復(fù)習(xí)題集(1-6章)6更新rI II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:1.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itsaidtobedescriptive .(prescriptive/laydownrules)2.ys“competenc”語言能力)astheidealusesk ofthesofhislanguage..語言)referstothe linguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconvention（慣例）andapplicationoftherules.43. isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.5.Languageisasystemofarbitrar vocalsymbolsusedforcommunication.6.S ocialinguistics seyfenno7.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordspermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds_yntax .8.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag basis,butthedetailsofhavetobetaughtandlearned.9.e語言能力) referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.10.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofpracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationssynpplied linguistics.11.Languageisp inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheard12.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientific studyoflanguage.13.opeandmaintaininterpersonalsisthes functionoflanguage.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatbestcompletethestatement.1.Thedescriptionofalanguageinafixedinstant時(shí)刻sa A．synchronic ．c C．prescriptive D．systematic2.eapplicationoflinguisticssandstoeteachinglearningiscalled .A．sociolinguistics B．PsycholinguisticsC．computationallinguistics D．AppliedLinguistics3.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itsaidtobe .A．prescriptive B．a(chǎn)nalyticC．e D．linguistic4.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?．s ．．y ．5.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas .．y ．C．y D．stable6.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because .．inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting．speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofC．speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismother．lfe7.ymodernlinguistsecriticizedtraditionalgrammariansrga hoe．c ．diachronic．e ．8.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa studyoflanguage.．c ．．e D．comparative9.AccordingtoF.deSaussure, referstotheabstractlinguisticsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.．e ．．e D．Language10.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween andmeanings.．e ．C．objects D．ideas11.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediate（當(dāng)前）situationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled ,A．t ．．y D．culturaltransmission12.edistinctionbetweenlanguedparolesmadeby y．nt.y ．st.e．ntdr D．BritishlinguistJ.R.Firth13.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodftnes.．y B．rational ．l D．cultural2.WhatarethemainfeaturesofhumanlanguagethathavebeenspecifiedbyC．Hocketttoshowthatitisessentiallydifferentfromanimalcommunicationsystem?r：II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:2_破差音 referstoastrongpuffofairstreamintheproductionofh2．（發(fā)音 phoneticsdescribesthewayourspeechworktoproducethespeechsoundsandhowtheydiffer.2．Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb_ilabial_sounds.3．fleh,et_ongue isthemostflexible,andisforvarietiesofarticulationthananyother.3Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofmannerofarticulationorintermsofplace ofarticulation(發(fā)音部位.3．Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorgansistotalorcomplete,thespeechsoundproducedwiththeobstructionaudibly（可聽見的）releasedtheairpassingoutagainiscalledastop .3(超音段) featuresarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.Theyincludestress,ton（音調(diào),（語調(diào)）,3．Therulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearedsequential(序列) rules.3．en（標(biāo)音）ofspeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonlyiscalledbroadtranscription（寬式）whilethetranscriptionwithletter-symbolswiththediacritics變音符sdnarro transcription. （嚴(yán)式）3．Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordn,yeynsintonation_語調(diào)) .3． isadisciplinewhichstudiesthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguageandhowsoundsarecombinedintomeaningfulunitstolinguisticcommunication.38.Ifyousaydoor,w,two,r,zoo,youwillnoticethatthefirstsoundsinallthesewordsarea_lveolar齒齦音 sounds.Thetandsarevoiceless,andd,nandzarevoiced.Onlynisnasal.3．eys（器官）ofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantcavities:thel（咽腔cavity,the口腔 del4．Ton（音調(diào)） eh（音調(diào)）variations,whicharecausedbythedifferingratesofvibration（震動(dòng)）ofthevocalcords（聲帶）andwhichcandistinguishmeaningjustlikephoneme（音位）.4．Dependingonthecontextinwhichstressisconsidered,therearetwokindsofstress:wordstressandsentence stress.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachofthestatementsbelow.Markchoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:.eyfephysicalpropertiesofspeechsoundsiscalled phonetics.．c 聲學(xué)．y ．（聽覺） D．a(chǎn)llomorphic.ed/s ．dle B．voicedalveolarstopC．voicelessvelarfricative D．voicelesslabiodentalfricativ（齒音摩茶）3．Ofallthespeechorgans,the is/arethemostflexible.A．mouth ．s ．e D．vocalcords4Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare sounds.．s B．voicedC．vowel D．consonantal5 isavoiced（齒齦）stop.．/ ．/ C．/k/ D．/b/6Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copyin”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones .．l ．．ye D．similar7.Since/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentstheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe .．nct（音位對(duì)立） B．incomplementarydistribution（同一音位的不同變體．e（音位變體D．minimalpair）9.A vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.．k B．centralC．front D．middle10.Palatal（鄂音）semi-vowelreferstothesound.A．[n] ．] C．[w] D．[j].Aesapfyrsd.A．minimalpairs B．a(chǎn)llomorphsC．phones D．a(chǎn)llophones12.Distinctivefeaturescanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofsegmentsarecalled .A．phoneticcomponents B．immediateconstituentsC．ls D．semanticfeatures13.A(n) isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue. Itisanabstractunit,collectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.．e B．soundC．a(chǎn)llophone D．phoneme1．Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentenvironmentsarecalledthe ofthatphoneme.．s B．soundsC．phonemes D．a(chǎn)llophones15.A vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.．k B．central C．front D．middle16.esoundsthatnddtheshdjudgeevoicelessd ,( C )A．stops ．．s D．plosivesI.reg1.HowaretheEnglishconsonantsclassified?.nhsel,denenrII.Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:1.Rooisthepartofthewordleftwhenalltheaffixes詞綴)areremoved.2.e詞素 isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.3._morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.4.Affixesareoftwotypes:inflectionalaffixesandd_erivational affixes.5.As isaddedtotheendofstemstomodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordanditmaycasechangeitspartofspeech.6.C_ompound isthecombinationoftwoorsometimesmorethantwowordstocreatenewwords..edsnowfallsawordformedbyjoiningtwoewords,i.e.”and”syddsydsacompound .III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatbestcompletethestatement:1.ee“n”inthecommonword“television”isa(n) .A．boundmorpheme B．boundformC．inflectionalmorpheme D．freemorpheme2.edd“bookstor”istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompound .．isthesumtotalofthemeaningofitscomponents．canalwaysbeworkedoutbylookingatthemeaningsofmorphemesC．isthesameasthemeaningofafreephrase.．Noneoftheabove.3.”ineword”s .．a(chǎn)ex ．a(chǎn)m C．a(chǎn)ninflectionalaffix ．a(chǎn).hfegsTadA．Rainbow B．Milkshake C．Icy-cold D．Unpleasant5.Thepartofspeechofthecompoundsisgenerallydeterminedbythepartofof .A．thefirstelement B．thesecondelementC．eitherthefirstorthesecondelem D．boththefirstandthesecondelements.6. arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.．e morphemes B．Boundmorphemes．ds D．Words7. isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.A．Syntax ．r C．Morphology D．Morpheme8.Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis .A．lexical B．morphemic ．l D．semantic9.Boundmorphemesarethosethat .A．havetobeusedindependently．cannotbecombinedwithothermorphemesC．caneitherbefreeorbound．havetobecombinedwithothermorphemes.10. modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.A．Prefixes B．Suffixes后綴) C．Roots D．Affixes11. areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.A．Words B．Morphemes C．Phonemes D．Sentences12.“s”intheword“books”is .A．a(chǎn)derivativeaffix B．a(chǎn)stemC．a(chǎn)ninflectionalaffix ．a(chǎn)13.WhichofefollowingsTbelongto“opensA．Nouns ．s C．Conjunctions ．.ned,eprefix“un”sa(n) morpheme.．e B．boundC．root D．inflectional1.stt,“number”,“gender”,”,t,”andsofortharecalled morphemes.．l B．bound．e D．derivational1.eEnglishword”scomposedofmorphemes.A．r ．e C．two D．five.hfegxsmA．–y ．–s C．–g D．–ful.Thinkofamorphemesuffixandamorphemeprefix,givetheirmeaning,andspecifythetypesofstemtheymaybesuffixedto.Giveatleasttwoexamplesof: Meaning:m: Examples:Prefix: Meaning:m: Examples:r：II.meconstituenteofefollowingedethedifferentconstituents.(ICanalysis)ernmolenarr5 II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:1.Semantics canbedefinedasthestudyofmeaning.2.Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisno linkbetweenaformandwhatitrefersto.3. meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.4.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalleds_ynonyms .5.Whentwowordsareidenticalinsound,butdifferentinspellingandmeaning,edh_omophones 同音異型異義 .6.Pairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalofarelationship（關(guān)系）betweenthetwosedrelational opposites.(關(guān)系反義)7.Whatiscommunicatedyvirtueoftlanguagestoisther meaningofaword.8.Relational oppositesarepairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalofarelationshipbetweenthetwoitems.9.Componential成分分析 analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthattheofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.10.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalleds restrictions,whichareconstraintsonwhatlexicalitemscangowithwhat11.Accordingtothen theoryofmeaning,thewordsinalanguagearetakenbelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatbestcompletethestatement:1.Thenamingtheoryisadvancedby .A．Plato B．BloomfieldC．GeoffreyLeech ．2.elwawordbyecompanyt”st .A．theconceptualistview B．contexutalism．egy D．behaviourism4.“CanIborrowyourbike?” “uea”．ssh B．isinconsistentwithC．entails D．presupposes5. isawayinwhichthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.A．Predicationanalysis ．lC．Phonemicanalysis D．Grammaticalanalysis6.“aliv”d“dead”are .A．gradableantonyms B．relationalopposites．ys D．noneoftheabove7. dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.．e ．C．Semantics ．8. referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshaveeeA．Polysemy ．．y D．Hyponymy9. Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalled .．s ．．s D．synonyms10.Thekindofantonymybetween"married"and"single"isoneof A converse Brelational Ccomplementary D gradable.Accordingtothecomponentialanalysis,theword“girl”and“woman”rneef .．N ．E C．MALE ．12.Thegrammaticalityofasentenceisgovernedby .．l．selectionalrestrictionsC．c．c13.esstationarydstationeryelinsound,buttinspellingandmeaning.Theyare .．es B．homographs．s D．homophones14.Inthefollowingpairsofwords,areapairofcomplementaryantonyms.A．olddg ．maleandfemaleC．hotdd D．buyd15.erelationshipbetween“t”dtulip”s .A．s ．e C．hyponymsD．a(chǎn)ntonyms16.nIwr ueaA．issynonymouswith B．isinconsistentwithC．entails D．presupposesIV.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Howcanwordsoppositeinmeaningbeclassified?Towhichcategorydoeseachthefollowingpairsofantonymsbelong?deep/shallo（es） married/single(complementary(es) teacher/student(relationalopposites)(complementaryantonyms)2.WhatethersofsynonymsinEnglish?(dialectalsinemotivede;synonyms;semanticallydifferentsynonyms)3.Whatmightmakeagrammaticallymeaningfulsentencesemanticallymeaningless?r：II.Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:1.Pragmatics isthestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentenceseffectsuccessfulcommunication.2.Thenotionofcontext isessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.3.Allthespeechactsthatbelongtothesamecategorysharethesamepurposeorthee(言外之力) point,tyrinrhor4.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesanu .5.Themeaningofasentenceisa_bstract ,anddecontextualized.6.C_onstatives werestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethus7.P_erformatives weresentencesthatdidnotstateafactordescribeastate,andwerenotverifiable.8.A言內(nèi) actistheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.istheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.9.An （言外） actistheactofexpressingtheintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.10.Ane_xpressives 表達(dá)類 istoexpressfeelingsorattitudetowardsexistingstate.11.eersrecooperativeprinciple合作原則:themaximof ,themaximofquality,themaximofrelationandthemaximofIII.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:1. doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.A．Pragmatics B．SemanticsC．Senserelation D．Concept2.Themeaningoflanguagewasconsideredassomething insemantics.A．contextual B．behaviouristic．（內(nèi)在的） D．logical3.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudymeaning isconsidered.．e B．speechactC．practicalusage D．context4.Asentenceisa concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedisolation.．c B．grammaticalC．mental D．conceptual5.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecoursecommunication,itbecomesa(n) .．e B．di