2024年牛津深圳版中考英語一輪復習第四講冠詞

第五講冠詞導學案教學內容：1．不定冠詞a,an的用法區(qū)別。2．定冠詞the的用法。3．不用冠詞的情況。4．習慣用語中冠詞的用法?！局R要點】Ⅰ、冠詞的基本用法冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞（即不用冠詞）三種。冠詞是一種虛詞，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定詞，放在名詞（或名詞化的形容詞分詞）前面，說明其所指的人或物。（一）不定冠詞a,an的用法如下：1．表示人或事物的某一類(含義相當于一類事物的任何一個)Adictionaryisausefulbook.Anundergroundtraincanstartandstopquickly.2．用于表示數量、時間的名詞前，表示"一"的意思，但數的概念沒有one強烈。Theplanwillbereadyinadayortwo,onceaweek.3．泛指某人或某物，但未具體說明何人、何物，如：Aboyiswaitingforme.Givemeapen,please.4．用在某些物質名詞或抽象名詞前，表示“一份，一場”等。Wouldyoulikeadrink?你想喝杯飲料嗎？Therewillbeaheavyraintomorrow.明天將會有大雨。6．用于可視為一體的兩個名詞前。aknifeandfork一副刀叉7．用于某些固定短語中afew,alittle,alotof,anumberof,justaminute,inahurry,forawhile,foralongtime,acupof,abottleof,havearest,haveatalk,haveafever,haveagoodtime,have(take)awalk,haveatoothache,takeabath,givealessonafterawhile，inaword8．用于固定結構后，如：quite/half/rather/many/such＋a(an)＋名詞He'squiteafamousartist.他是個很有名的藝術家。Manyamanwouldwelesuchanopportunity.許多人會很高興有這樣一個機會。（二）定冠詞the定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有“那(這)個”的意思，但較弱，可以和一個名詞連用，來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。定冠詞的用法如下：1．指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：Openthedoor,please.Goandclosethewindow.2．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如：Thegirlinredismysister.ThemanoverthereisourEnglishteacher.Thebookonthedeskismine.3．指前面提到過的人或事物，如：Hereisapictureofamoderncarfactory.Myfatherworksinthefactory.4．用在序數詞和形容詞最高級前,在方位詞前。如：Hewonthefirstprize.TheNileisthelongestriverintheworld.Thesunrisesintheeast.5．指世上獨一無二的事物或用于對兩個人或事物比較時起特指作用的比較級前。Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.兩個男孩中他較高點。thesun,thesky,themoon,theearth6．用在表示西洋樂器的名詞之前加the。playthepiano彈鋼琴playtheguitar彈吉他7．在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面，如：theNorthChinaPlaintheRockyMountainstheYangtseRiver8．與單數名詞連用表示一類事物；或與形容詞或分詞連用表示一類人thedollar(美元)therich,thesick,theliving(生者)thewounded(傷員)9．用在某些由普通名詞構成的國家名稱、機關團體、階級等專有名詞前。如：theGreatWallthePeople'sRepublicofChinatheUnitedNationstheNetherlands10．在一些用語中，如：inthemorning(/afternoon/evening),intheday,bytheway,onthewhole,thenextmorning,alltheyeararound,theotherday,atthesametime（三）零冠詞(不用冠詞)的用法1．在專有名詞前不加冠詞，如國名、省名、城市名、街名、公園名等。SanyaisinHainanProvince.三亞在海南省。WeliveinChina.我們住在中國。2．一日三餐、球類運動、棋類、語言和學科前不加冠詞。Hewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfastthismorning.早上他沒吃早飯就去上學了。Theylikeplayingfootballafterschool.他們喜歡放學后踢足球。IlikeEnglishverymuch.我非常喜歡英語。表示節(jié)日、季節(jié)、星期、月份的名詞前不加冠詞，但若特指某年的某月、某季節(jié)，則需要在月份、季節(jié)前加the。TodayisFriday/July14th.今天是星期五/7月14日。Itissummernow.現在是夏天。YesterdaywasMarch8th,Women'sDay.昨天是3月8日婦女節(jié)。4．在表示家庭成員名稱，稱呼語，表示頭銜或職務的名詞前不加冠詞。ThisisProfessorWang.這是王教授。Heiscaptainoftheteam.他是隊長。5．在有物主代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞等作定語的名詞前，不用冠詞。HisbirthdayisSeptember8th.他的生日是9月8日。Howmucharetheseshoes?這些鞋多少錢？6．不可數名詞前一般不用冠詞。Whichdoeshelikebetter,fishorchicken?他更喜歡哪一個，魚還是雞？7．泛指的復數名詞前不用冠詞。Animalsliveintheforest.動物生活在樹林里。8．與by連用的交通工具前不用冠詞，但與take或介詞連用時，名詞前要加冠詞。Theyoftengotoschoolbybus.他們通常做公共汽車去上學。takeabus，inaboat，onthebike9．在某些固定的詞組或習語中，不用冠詞。facetoface，watchTV，stepbystep，atfirst/last,introuble/danger，on/intime，gotoschool/work，atnoon/nightII、復習時需要注意的要點1．不定冠詞a/an的區(qū)別a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前，an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞前，判斷一個單詞是元音開頭還是輔音開頭，要根據其讀音，而不是根據首字母。如：anhonestboy，ausefulbookThereisan“f”intheword“five”.在“five”中有字母“f”。我們可以這樣來記憶：不見元音不加an，不看字母看發(fā)音。(1).在26個字母中，前面用an的字母有：a，e，f，h，i，l，m，n，o，r，s，x，其他用a。(2).以u開頭的單詞，要注意區(qū)別。如：anumbrella，anunusualstory，anunhappyboy，auniversity，ausefulbook2．序數詞前面用定冠詞與不定冠詞的區(qū)別“the＋序數詞”表示“第幾……”；“a＋序數詞”表示“又一，再一”。如：Thecakeisdelicious，andIwouldlikeasecondone.蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一塊。3．anumberof與thenumberof的辨析anumberof意思是“許多”，相當于alotof；thenumberof意思是“……的數目，……的數量”，當它作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：Anumberofstudentslikeplayingputergames.許多學生喜歡玩電腦游戲。Thenumberofthestudentsisabout1,500inourschool.我們學校學生的人數大約是1500。5．在句型“動詞＋人＋介詞＋the＋人體部位”中要用the，而不用物主代詞。如：takesb.bythehand抓住某人的手hitsb.onthehead打某人的頭patsb.ontheshoulder拍某人的肩hitsb.intheface打某人的臉6．當名詞被其他詞修飾時，不定冠詞a或an的位置應注意：(1).當名詞被such，half，what，many修飾時，不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。如：Heleftinsuchahurrythatheforgottoclosethedoor.他離開得如此匆忙以至于忘了關門。Ittookmehalfanhourtowritetheletter.寫那封信花了我半個小時。(但在美國，半個小時也可以說成ahalfhour。)Whataninterestingbookitis!這是多么有趣的一本書?。anyamanhasgonetothebigcitiesforwork.許多人到大城市去打工了。7．有定冠詞與無定冠詞的區(qū)別(1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(gotoschool上學是學生,gototheschool到學校去不一定是學生))(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(gotobed就寢，上床睡覺,gotothebed向床邊走去，走到床前,不一定是去睡覺))(3)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(inhospital因病住院,inthehospital在醫(yī)院里不一定是病人))(4)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(attable吃飯,atthetable在桌子旁邊))(5)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(atschool在上學,attheschool在學校里))(6)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(inclass在上課,intheclass在班級里))(7)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(infuture今后,inthefuture將來))(8)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(infrontof在……外部的前面,inthefrontof在……內部的前面))(9)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(nextyear明年,thenextyear第二年))(10)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(bysea乘船,bythesea在海邊))(11)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(inbed睡、病、躺在床上,inthebed某物在床上))(12)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(onearth究竟,ontheearth在地球上))8．在一些成對出現的短語中不用冠詞。如：arminarm（手挽手）;handinhand（手牽手）;sidebyside（肩對肩）;dayandday（日日夜夜）;youngandold（老老少少）;fromdoortodoor（挨門挨戶）;frombeginningtoend（從頭到尾）;frommorningtillnight（從早到晚）等。跟蹤鞏固練習：1.—Howabout________talentshow?—Ishouldsayitwas________greatsuccess.A．/;theB．a;theC．the;aD．the;/2.We'dbettergetreadyforthedinnernowbecause____Greensareingtovisitustonight.A．aB．anC．theD．/3.—You'vedropped________“s”intheword“necessary”．—Oh,________letter“s”isdoubled.A．a;an B．a;the C．an;theD．the;the4．—DoyouknowMeimei?—Yes,sheisfromauniversityandsheis________honestgirl.A．aB．anC．/D．the5．—Whatwouldyoulikefor________breakfast,Mr.Green?—Twopiecesofbreadand________cupoftea,please.A．a;theB．/;aC．/;the6．—Shallwepay________visittoExpo2010，Shanghai?—No，I'dratherstayathomeandplay________football.A．a;theB．the；aC．/;theD．a;/7．Manypeoplethinkthat2012isoneof________mostsuccessfulfilms.A．aB．anC．theD．/8．Ifyouworkhard,you'llget________“A”intheexam.A．aB．anC．the9．—What's________mostusefulinventioninthe20thcentury?—________puter,Ithink.A．the;AB．a;AC．the;The D．/;The10．Avatar(阿凡達)issuch_____wonderfulsciencefictionmoviethatIwanttoseeit____secondtime.A．a;aB．a;theC．/;the D．/;a11．Theyoftentake________walkafterdinner.A．aB．∕C．theD．an12．Jacklikesplaying________soccer,buthedoesn'tlikeplaying________piano.A．/;/B．the;/C．the;theD．/;the13．There's________800-metre-longroadbehind________hospital.A．an;anB．a;aC．an;theD．a;the14．_____Elephant/elephantisbiggerthan_____horse.A.不填/不填B.The/aC.An/aD.不填/the15．Whathappened?Theyleftinsuch____hurrythattheyforgottolock____door.A.a,aB.a,theC./,theD./,a16．Ittookme_____hourand_____halftofinish_____work.A.a/a/aB.an/a/aC.an/a/theD.an/a/不填17．____doctortoldmetotake____medicinethreetimes____day,stayin_____bed,andthenIwouldbebettersoon.A.不填/a/a/theB.A/the/the/不填C.The/the/a/不填D.The/不填/a/不填18．_____Snow/snowiswhite._____Snow/snowthatcovers_____topof_____mountainis_____beautifulsight.A.The/The/the/the/theB.不填/不填/the/the/aC.不填/The/the/the/aD.不填/不填/不填/the/the19．_____rades/radesherearefriendlytome.A.AB.AnC.TheD.不填20．Myunclewaselected_____principaloftheNo.1MiddleSchool.A.aB.anC.theD.不填21．Ihavetoworkatleasteighthours_____day.A.anotherB.aC.theD.an22．Heis_____ofourschool.A.ateacherB.theteacherC.teacherD.onlyteacher23．Beyond_____stars,theastronautssawnothingbut_____space.A.the/不填B.不填/theC.不填/不填D.the/the24．Englishis＿＿＿usefullanguagein＿＿＿world.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,/D./,the25．Lookat＿＿＿picture!There's＿＿＿houseinit.A.a,aB.the,theCa,theDthe,a26．Heusuallygoestoschoolon＿＿＿foot.A.aB.anC.theD./27．Wecanusuallysee______fullmoonontheeveningofAugust_______15th.A.the;aB.a;aC.a;theD.the;the28．IntheUnitedStates,Father'sDayfallson_______thirdSunday_______June.A.the;/B.the;aC./;theD.a;/二、完型填空。Someonesays,“Timeismoney.”ButIthinktimeis__1__importantthanmoney.Why?Becausewhenmoneyisspent,wecangetitback.However,whentimeis2it’llnever3.That’s4wemustn’twastetime.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthe5isusuallylimited.Evenasecondisveryimportant.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtimetodo6__useful.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeoplewhodonotknowtheimportanceoftime.Theyspenttheirlimitedtimesmoking,drinkingand__7.Theydonotknowthatwastingtimemeanswastingpartoftheirown__8.Inaword,weshouldsavetime.Weshouldn’t9today’sworkfortomorrow.Rememberwehavenotimeto10.1.A.much B.less C.muchless D.evenmore2.A.cost B.bought C.gone D.finished3.A.return B.carry C.take D.bring4.A.what B.that C.because D.why5.A.money B.time C.day D.food6.A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything7.A.reading B.writing C.playing D.working8.A.time B.food C.money D.life9.A.stop B.leave C.let D.give10.A.lose B.save C.spend D.take三、閱讀理解。(A)PaulandJasonwerebrotherswholivedandworkedonneighboringfarms．For35yearstheyfarmedsidebyside，sharingmachineryandgoodsasneeded，withoutasingleproblem．However，oneautumn，thingschanged．Itbeganwithatinydisagreementaboutahorse，whichgrewintoamajordifference．Thedifferenceledtoangrywords，followedbyweeksofsilencebetweenthetwobrothers．OnemorningtherewasaknockonPaul’sdoor．Heopeneditandsawabuilderholdinghistoolbox．“I’mlookingforafewdays’work，”thebuildersaid．“ArethereanyjobshereIcouldhelpwith?”“Yes，”answeredPaul，extremelypleasedtoseethebuilder．“Idohaveajobforyou．Lookatthatfarmacrossthecreek(小溪)．That’smybrother’sfarm.Thatcreekusedtobeagrassfield，butlastweekmybrotherdugapathfromthefiverandmadethecreek．ButI'11gohimonebetter．Seethatpileofwood?1wantyoutobuildmeafence，twometerstall，so1won’tneedtoseehimanymore．”Thebuildersaidthoughtfully．“IthinkIunderstandthesituationandI'llbeabletodoajobthatpleasesyou．”Paulhadbusinessintownthatdayandleftthebuildertohiswork．Whenhereturned，thebuilderhadjustfinishedhisjob．Paulwasshocked．Insteadofafencetherewasabridge，stretchingfromonesideofthecreektotheother．AsPaulstoodonthebridge，staringinamazement，hisyoungerbrotherJason，cameacross，andtookPaul’shand．“Youareagoodmantohavebuiltthisbridgeaftera11I'vedone，”saidJason．Then，Paul，withtearsinhiseyes，saidtothebuilderwhowaspackinghisbagtogo，“Thankyousomuch。Pleasestay．Ihavemuchmoreforyoutodo．”“I’dloveto．”thebuildersaidquietly，“'but，Ihavemanymorebridgestobuild.”()1．Whatwasthecauseofthedisagreementbetweenthetwobrothers?A．Thediggingofthecreek．B．Aproblemaboutafarmanimal．C．Whoownedthefieldbetweenthefarms．D．Whowouldpayforbuildingthefence．()2．Theunderlinedexpression“gohimonebetter”inparagraph4means·A．dosomethingevenworseB.improvethesituationC．pointouthismistakeD．helphimout()3．Whatdoweknowaboutthebrothers?A．Theyhadbeenfightingformanyyears．B．Theirfarmswerenotverysuccessful．C．Theyfinallyrealizedtheirmistakes．D．Theylikedbuildingbridges．()4．Whydidthebuilderbuildthebridge?A．Heneededawaytogetacrosstheriver．B．Therewasnotenoughwoodforthefence．C．HemisunderstoodPaul’sinstructions．D．Hewantedtobringthebrotherstogether．()5．Inwhatorderdidthefollowingtakeplaceinthestory?a．Thebrothersstoodonthebridge．b．Jasondugthecreek．c．Thebrothersbecameangrywitheachother,d．Thebuilderaskedforwork．e．Paulwentintotown．A．b，c，e，d，aB．c，b，d，e，aC．b，e，c，a，dD．c，d，b，a，e(B)LastyearintheUKatleast45peoplediedand900morewereinjuredincaraccidentswheredriverswereusingtheirmobilephones．Yetmanypeoplecontinuetouse．Thenwhiledrivingeventhoughit’sdangerous．

Researchhasshownthatitisdifficulttoconcentrateondrivingandtalkingatthesametime．Itcanevenbemoredangerousthandrivingafterdrinkingtoomuch．Arecentstudyfoundthatwhendriversweretalkingontheirmobilephones，theirstoppingtimeswere30percentslowerthanwhentheyhaddrunktoomuch—andnearly50percentslowerthanwhentheyweredrivingnormally．Italsofoundthatdriverstalkingonmobilephoneswerelessabletocontroltheircarsthandrunkdrivers．Andtalkingisn’teventhemostseriousproblem．Textingis．Unbelievably,anotherrecentstudyreportedthat22％ofadultsadmittedtheyhadsentatextmessagewhiledrivingatleastonceinthepastmonth．Anaveragetextmessagetakes90secondstowriteandsend．Thatmeansforoneandahalfminutesadriverislookingattheirphone’sscreenandnotattheroad．ThearrivalofnewsmartphonessuchastheiPhonewillonlymakemattersworseastheywillallowuserstodomorethingsthaneverbefore．Usingamobilephonewhiledrivingputsothers’livesatrisk．Nomatterhowwellwedrive，ifanotherdriverisnotbeingprofessionalorcareful，weareputindangerbytheiractions．Suchdriversareselfish，carelessandshouldhavetheirdrivinglicenses(駕照)cancelled．Thereisnodoubtthatmobilephonescallbefunandareextremelyuseful，especiallywhenyou’reintrouble．Butthereisnoneedtousethemwhiledriving．Justwaituntilyoustoporyouwillprobablygetintotroubleofyourown．()6．Theunderlinedword“'them”inparagraph1refersto.A．phoneusersB．mobilephonesC．driversD．ears()7．Accordingtothepassage，ifadriverneeds10secondstostopwhendrivingnormally,theywill

needsecondstostopwhentalkingonamobilephone．A．12．B．13．C．14.D．15．()8．Accordingtothepassage，inwhatorderdothefollowingactivitiesinfluencedriving?

Dangerous→Moredangerous→Most