專(zhuān)題32 短文填空 考點(diǎn)1 首字母填空-2022-2024中考英語(yǔ)真題分類(lèi)匯編（解析版）

第第頁(yè)三年（2022-2024）中考英語(yǔ)真題分項(xiàng)匯編（全國(guó)通用）專(zhuān)題32短文填空考點(diǎn)1首字母填空(2024中考真題）（2024·天津·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫(xiě)所缺單詞，使短文意思完整。每空限填一詞。Longago,theearlypeopledidnotliveinhousesaswedotoday.Mostofthehomeswereincavesorshelters(遮蔽物)whichwerebuiltintrees.These‘homes’wereonlyusedastemporary(臨時(shí)的)shelterstop1themfromthesun,therainandthewildanimalsintheforests.Menofthattimewerecalled‘cavepeople’.These‘cavepeople’usuallylivedinsmallgroupsandlifewasnote2forthem.Theyhadtomovefromplacetoplacetos3forfood.Theywouldhunt,fishorpickwildfruit.Whentheycouldn’tfinda4toeat,theywouldleavetofindanotherproperplace.Theirtoolswereverysimple.Theyateraw(生的)foodu5theylearnthowtomakeafire.Forclothing,theyusedonlythebark(樹(shù)皮)oftreesortheskins(皮)ofanimalstoc6theirbodies.However,thelivesofthe‘cavepeople’changed.Theycollectedtheseeds(種子)ofwildplantsthatg7intheforests.Soontheylearnttoplantfruit,vegetablesandothercrops.Theyalsokeptcows,sheepandotherkindsoffarma8formilk,meatandskins.Theybecamef9andlivedinonlyonecertainarea.Theirgroupsbecamel10thanbeforeastheylivedmoresettled(固定的)lives.Theybuilthousesaslong-lastinghomes,andasaresult,villagesandtownsdevelopedquickly.The‘cavepeople’begantobecivilized(文明的).【答案】1．(p)rotect2．(e)asy3．(s)earch4．(a)nything5．(u)ntil6．(c)over7．(g)rew8．(a)nimals9．(f)armers10．(l)arger【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹“穴居人”的生活。1．句意：這些“家”只是用作臨時(shí)庇護(hù)所，保護(hù)他們免受陽(yáng)光、雨水和森林里的野生動(dòng)物的侵害。根據(jù)“These‘homes’wereonlyusedastemporary(臨時(shí)的)shelterstop...

themfromthesun,therainandthewildanimalsintheforests.”可知，這些“家”保護(hù)他們免受陽(yáng)光、雨水和森林里的野生動(dòng)物的侵害，protect“保護(hù)”，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中用動(dòng)詞原形，故填(p)rotect。2．句意：這些“穴居人”通常生活在小群體中，生活對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)并不容易。根據(jù)“These‘cavepeople’usuallylivedinsmallgroupsandlifewasnote...forthem.”可知，生活對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)并不容易，easy“容易的”，在句中作表語(yǔ)，故填(e)asy。3．句意：他們不得不從一個(gè)地方搬到另一個(gè)地方尋找食物。根據(jù)“Theyhadtomovefromplacetoplacetos...forfood.”可知，他們不得不搬家尋找食物，searchfor“尋找”符合語(yǔ)境，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中用動(dòng)詞原形，故填(s)earch。4．句意：當(dāng)他們找不到吃的東西時(shí)，他們會(huì)離開(kāi)去找另一個(gè)合適的地方。根據(jù)“Whentheycouldn’tfinda...toeat,theywouldleavetofindanotherproperplace.”可知，找不到吃的東西時(shí)就會(huì)搬家，anything“任何東西”，用于否定句中，故填(a)nything。5．句意：他們吃生的食物，直到學(xué)會(huì)如何生火。根據(jù)“Theyateraw(生的)foodu...theylearnthowtomakeafire.”可知，直到學(xué)會(huì)如何生火才不吃生的食物，until“直到”符合語(yǔ)境，故填(u)ntil。6．句意：至于衣服，他們只用樹(shù)皮或獸皮來(lái)遮蓋身體。根據(jù)“theyusedonlythebark(樹(shù)皮)oftreesortheskins(皮)ofanimalstoc...theirbodies”可知，他們只用樹(shù)皮或獸皮來(lái)遮蓋身體，cover“遮蓋”，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中用動(dòng)詞原形，故填(c)over。7．句意：他們收集了生長(zhǎng)在森林中的野生植物的種子。根據(jù)“Theycollectedtheseeds(種子)ofwildplantsthatg...intheforests.”可知，收集生長(zhǎng)在森林中的野生植物的種子，grow“生長(zhǎng)”，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，故填(g)rew。8．句意：他們還飼養(yǎng)牛、羊和其他種類(lèi)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物，以獲取牛奶、肉和皮。根據(jù)“Theyalsokeptcows,sheepandotherkindsoffarma...formilk,meatandskins.”可知，飼養(yǎng)牛、羊和其他種類(lèi)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物，animal“動(dòng)物”，“otherkindsof”修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填(a)nimals。9．句意：他們成了農(nóng)民，只住在一個(gè)特定的地區(qū)。根據(jù)“Theybecamef...andlivedinonlyonecertainarea.”可知，他們成了農(nóng)民，farmer“農(nóng)民”，主語(yǔ)“They”是復(fù)數(shù)，故填(f)armers。10．句意：他們的群體變得比以前更大，因?yàn)樗麄兊纳罡臃€(wěn)定。根據(jù)“Theirgroupsbecamel...thanbeforeastheylivedmoresettled(固定的)lives.”可知，他們的群體變得比以前更大，larger“更大的”，在句中作表語(yǔ)，故填(l)arger。（2024·山東東營(yíng)·中考真題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。Bearwasbusymakingpies.Whenhewokeupinspring,hewouldneedthem.“Ohno!”criedBear.“Theberries(莓)haverunout.Imustpicksomemore.”Bearwenttofindmoreberries.Hewalkedtillhisfootached,buthedidn’tfindanyberriesn11hishome.Sohedecidedtogodeeperintotheforesttolookforberries.Ashewalkedalong,hefeltveryh12.Hehadbeensobusycookingthathehadeatennothingallday.Asbewalked,BearmetbisfriendRaccoon.“Doyouhavesayberriesforme?”askedBear.“Sorry,butIcang13yousomeapples.”saidRaccoon.“Yourapplesaretoosour.”saidBear.SoonBearmetSquirrel.“Doyouhaveanyberriesforme?”askedBear.“No,”saidSquirrel.“ButIhavesomewalnuts(核桃).Youcanhavesome.”“Thankyou.”saidBear.“ButIdonotw14walnutsinmypies.Iwillkeepsearchingforberries.”Afteralotofeffort,Bearrealizedthattherewerenoberriesleft.Suddenly,snowbegantofall.Bearracedhome.Thenhejumpedintobed.B15hecouldnotsleep.Hewassohungry.“Ohdear.”saidBear.Iwillhavetoeatmypies.Butifso,Iwillhaven16forspring.Bearwastoohungrytoworryaboutit.Heateupallthepiesu17hefeltfullatlast.Soonhewasfastasleep.Bearsleptformanymonths.Springcame.Bearw18up.Hewasvery,veryhungry.Justthen,RaccoonandSquirrelcame.Theywereeachholdingapie.“Thosepiessmelldelicious.”saidBear.“Oh.Idon’tthinkyouwouldlikemysourapplepie.”saidRaccoon.“AndIamsureyouwouldn’tlikemywalnutpie.”saidSquirrel.WhenBearopenedhismouthtospeak,RaccoonputsomeapplepieinBear’sm19.“Yum,thisisgood!”criedBear.SquirrelgaveBearsomewalnutpie.“Wow,walnutpieisgreat,t20,”saidBear.“Aren’tyougladweeducatedyouaboutpies?”saidSquirrel.“Iam.”Bearsaid.“Mynextpieswillhavenewfillings(餡).”【答案】11．(n)ear12．(h)ungry13．(g)ive14．(w)ant15．(B)ut16．(n)othing17．(u)ntil18．(w)oke19．(m)outh20．(t)oo【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了熊忙著做餡餅，但是不小心在冬眠前把它們吃光了，最后朋友們帶來(lái)新口味的餡餅，這讓他感到滿(mǎn)足和感激。11．句意：他一直走到腳痛，但在家附近沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何漿果。根據(jù)“didn’tfindanyberries...hishome”可知在他家附近沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)漿果，near“在附近”。故填(n)ear。12．句意：他邊走邊覺(jué)得很餓。根據(jù)“Hehadbeensobusycookingthathehadeatennothingallday.”可知他什么都沒(méi)吃，所以很餓，hungry“餓的”。故填(h)ungry。13．句意：我可以給你一些蘋(píng)果。根據(jù)“yousomeapples”可知是給你一些蘋(píng)果，give“給”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)詞原形。故填(g)ive。14．句意：但我不想在餡餅里放核桃。根據(jù)“ButIdonot...walnutsinmypies”可知是不想在餡餅里放核桃，want“想要”，助動(dòng)詞donot后加動(dòng)詞原形。故填(w)ant。15．句意：但是他睡不著。此處和前句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用but連接。故填(B)ut。16．句意：但如果這樣的話(huà)，我將度過(guò)一個(gè)一無(wú)所有的春天。根據(jù)“Iwillhavetoeatmypies”可知如果把餡餅吃了，春天就什么也沒(méi)有了，nothing“沒(méi)有什么”。故填(n)othing。17．句意：他把所有的餡餅都吃光了，直到他終于覺(jué)得飽了為止。根據(jù)“Heateupallthepies...hefeltfullatlast.”可知是吃完了所有的餡餅，直到他吃飽了，until“直到”。故填(u)ntil。18．句意：熊醒了。根據(jù)“Bearsleptformanymonths.”可知他從冬眠中醒來(lái)，wakeup“醒來(lái)”，句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。故填(w)oke。19．句意：浣熊往熊的嘴里塞了一些蘋(píng)果餡餅。根據(jù)“RaccoonputsomeapplepieinBear’s...”可知是在嘴巴里放一些蘋(píng)果餡餅，mouth“嘴巴”，此處用名詞單數(shù)形式，指熊的嘴巴。故填(m)outh。20．句意：核桃餡餅也很棒。根據(jù)“walnutpieisgreat”可知核桃餡餅也很美味，肯定句句尾用too。故填(t)oo。（2024·江蘇連云港·中考真題）根據(jù)短文意思和首字母提示，寫(xiě)出一個(gè)完整正確的單詞。Communityconnectsuswitheachother.Acommunityisap21wherepeoplelive,workandplaytogether.It’sjustlikeaschool,wheres22helpeachothertolearn.Peopleinacommunityh23oneanother,too.Peopleinacommunityhavedifferentskills.Theyoftenhelpneighborss24allkindsofproblems.Forexample,sometimespeopledonotfeelwell.Thed25andnurseswillmakethemfeelbetter.Therearealsosomeengineers.Theymayhelppeoplef26theirbrokenbicyclesorwashingmachines.Whenpeopledon’tknowwhattoweartoapartyorhowtodesigntheirhomes,theartistswillgivethemsomea27.Somecollegestudentsworkasvolunteersintheirs28time.Theyoftendosomecleaningfortheoldpeopleandhelpstudentswiththeirh29.Communityisnotabuildingoranorganization.Itislikeabigf30.Membersofacommunityhaveasenseoftrust,safetyandcaringforeachother.【答案】21．(p)lace22．(s)tudents23．(h)elp24．(s)olve25．(d)octors26．(f)ix27．(a)dvice28．(s)pare29．(h)omework30．(f)amily【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了社區(qū)將人們緊密聯(lián)系在一起，社區(qū)的人們互助友愛(ài)，就像一個(gè)大家庭。21．句意：社區(qū)是人們一起生活、工作和娛樂(lè)的地方。根據(jù)首字母及“Acommunityisa…wherepeoplelive,workandplaytogether.”可知，社區(qū)是人們生活、工作和娛樂(lè)的地方。place“地方”，名詞，冠詞a后用其單數(shù)形式。故填(p)lace。22．句意：這就像一所學(xué)校，學(xué)生們互相幫助學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)首字母及“It’sjustlikeaschool”可知，社區(qū)像一所學(xué)校，學(xué)生們互相幫助學(xué)習(xí)。student“學(xué)生”，名詞，help是動(dòng)詞原形，故名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填(s)tudents。23．句意：社區(qū)里的人也會(huì)互相幫助。根據(jù)首字母及“…h(huán)elpeachothertolearn.Peopleinacommunity…oneanother,too.”可知，此處指社區(qū)中的人們互相幫助。help“幫助”，動(dòng)詞。時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用其原形。故填(h)elp。24．句意：他們經(jīng)常幫助鄰居解決各種各樣的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)首字母及“allkindsofproblems”可知，此處指解決問(wèn)題。solve“解決”，動(dòng)詞。helpsb.dosth.“幫助某人做某事”，動(dòng)詞用其原形。故填(s)olve。25．句意：醫(yī)生和護(hù)士會(huì)讓他們感覺(jué)好些。根據(jù)首字母及“Forexample,sometimespeopledonotfeelwell”可知，人們感到不舒服時(shí)，醫(yī)生和護(hù)士會(huì)讓他們感覺(jué)好些。doctor“醫(yī)生”，可數(shù)名詞，此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指。故填(d)octors。26．句意：他們可以幫助人們修理壞了的自行車(chē)或洗衣機(jī)。根據(jù)首字母及“theirbrokenbicyclesorwashingmachines”可知，此處指修理壞了的自行車(chē)或洗衣機(jī)。fix“修理”，動(dòng)詞。helpsb.dosth.“幫助某人做某事”，動(dòng)詞用其原形。故填(f)ix。27．句意：當(dāng)人們不知道穿什么去參加聚會(huì)或如何設(shè)計(jì)他們的家時(shí)，藝術(shù)家會(huì)給他們一些建議。根據(jù)首字母及“theartistswillgivethemsome…”可知，此處指藝術(shù)家會(huì)給出建議。advice“建議”，不可數(shù)名詞，作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。故填(a)dvice。28．句意：一些大學(xué)生在業(yè)余時(shí)間做志愿者。根據(jù)首字母及“Somecollegestudentsworkasvolunteersintheir…time.”可知，此處指大學(xué)生在業(yè)余時(shí)間做志愿者。spare“空閑的”，形容詞，作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞time。故填(s)pare。29．句意：他們經(jīng)常為老人打掃衛(wèi)生，幫助學(xué)生做作業(yè)。根據(jù)首字母及“andhelpstudentswiththeir…”可知，此處指大學(xué)生會(huì)幫助學(xué)生們做作業(yè)。homework“作業(yè)”，不可數(shù)名詞。故填(h)omework。30．句意：它就像一個(gè)大家庭。根據(jù)首字母及“Itislikeabig…”可知，此處指社區(qū)就像一個(gè)大家庭。family“家庭”，可數(shù)名詞，被a修飾，用其單數(shù)形式。故填(f)amily。（2024·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整。在答題卡標(biāo)有題號(hào)的橫線(xiàn)上，完整地寫(xiě)出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。（每空一詞）Eventhoughmygrandfatherwasafarmer,mygrandmotherwouldironhisworkclotheseveryday.Grandmothermixedupherownstarch(淀粉漿)inaglassb31withametalcapthathadseveralholes.ShesprinkledGrandfather’sjeanswiththestarch,hungthemoverachairforafewminutes,andtheni32them.BecauseIwatchedherdothisthroughmychildhood,Ithoughteveryoldwomandidit.Butastheyearspassed,Ibegantoquestionthisp33.WhydidGrandfatherneedhisworkclothesironed?Mostdays,heneversawanyoneb34meandmaybeafewotherfarmers.Theclothesbecamedirtyinjustashorttime.WhydidGrandmothers35devotetimeandefforttoironingGrandfather’sclothesthatwererarelyseen?OnedaywhenIwasabout13,IaskedGrandmotheraboutit.ShetoldmeGrandfatherwasthemosthandsomemanintheworld.Laterthatday,Ilookedc36atGrandfather.Hesuredidn’tlooksohandsometome.Hewasshortandfatwithfalseteeth(假牙).LaterItoldhermythought.Shegavemeagirlishsmileandsaid,“Youjustaren’tlookingintherightlight,Cathy.Irememberwhenhehadr37teeth.HehasthemostbeautifuleyesIhaveeverseen.Theyaree38thesamecolorastheskyjustbeforethesungoesdown.Iwanttheworldtoseemyh39asthemostbeautifulman.Iwanthimtofeelbeautiful.Iironhisclotheseverydaybecauseforalltheseyears,hehasmademefeelbeautiful.”Theyearswenton,andIwatchedGrandmotherandGrandfathergrowoldtogether.Iwasprobably30whenIu40whatbeautyreallywas.ItwasGrandmotherironingGrandfather’sjeanswithstarchfromaglassbottle.【答案】31．(b)ottle32．(i)roned33．(p)ractice34．(b)ut35．(s)till36．(c)arefully37．(r)eal38．(e)xactly39．(h)usband40．(u)nderstood【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了奶奶給爺爺熨燙衣服，在奶奶眼里，爺爺是世界上最帥氣的人，很多年過(guò)后作者才真正明白真正的美是什么。31．句意：祖母在一個(gè)有幾個(gè)洞的金屬蓋的玻璃瓶里把自己的淀粉漿混合在一起。根據(jù)“ItwasGrandmotherironingGrandfather’sjeanswithstarchfromaglassbottle.”可知是一個(gè)玻璃瓶，a后加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)bottle“瓶子”。故填(b)ottle。32．句意：她在爺爺?shù)呐Ｗ醒澤先錾系矸郏阉鼈儝煸谝巫由蠋追昼?，然后熨好。根?jù)“mygrandmotherwouldironhisworkclothes”可知奶奶給爺爺熨燙衣服，iron“熨燙”，本文時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。故填(i)roned。33．句意：但隨著時(shí)間的推移，我開(kāi)始質(zhì)疑這種做法。根據(jù)“Ithoughteveryoldwomandidit.Butastheyearspassed,Ibegantoquestionthis”可知作者開(kāi)始懷疑熨燙衣服的通常的做法，this后加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)practice“常規(guī)”。故填(p)ractice。34．句意：大多數(shù)時(shí)候，除了我和其他一些農(nóng)民，他從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)任何人。根據(jù)“heneversawanyone...meandmaybeafewotherfarmers”可知是除了我和其他一些農(nóng)民，他從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)任何人，but“除了”。故填(b)ut。35．句意：為什么祖母仍然花時(shí)間和精力為祖父熨很少見(jiàn)到的衣服？根據(jù)“devotetimeandefforttoironingGrandfather’sclothesthatwererarelyseen?”可知作者好奇為什么奶奶仍然花時(shí)間和精力為祖父熨很少見(jiàn)到的衣服，still“仍然”。故填(s)till。36．句意：那天晚些時(shí)候，我仔細(xì)地看著爺爺。根據(jù)“l(fā)ooked...atGrandfather”可知是仔細(xì)觀察爺爺，修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞carefully“認(rèn)真地”。故填(c)arefully。37．句意：我記得他長(zhǎng)著真牙的時(shí)候。根據(jù)“Hewasshortandfatwithfalseteeth”可知現(xiàn)在爺爺戴著假牙，但是奶奶記得爺爺長(zhǎng)著真牙的時(shí)候，修飾名詞用形容詞real“真的”。故填(r)eal。38．句意：它們與太陽(yáng)下山前的天空顏色完全相同。根據(jù)“thesamecolorastheskyjustbeforethesungoesdown.”可知爺爺眼睛的顏色和太陽(yáng)下山前的天空顏色完全相同，故此處用副詞exactly“確切地”。故填(e)xactly。39．句意：我想讓全世界都把我的丈夫看作最美麗的男人。根據(jù)“asthemostbeautifulman”可知奶奶想讓全世界都把她的丈夫當(dāng)作最漂亮的男人，husband“丈夫”。故填(h)usband。40．句意：我大概30歲的時(shí)候才明白真正的美麗是什么。根據(jù)“whatbeautyreallywas”可知是理解真正的美麗是什么，understand“理解”，根據(jù)“was”可知句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。故填(u)nderstood。(2023中考真題）（2023·山東東營(yíng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。MyparentsgotArthur’sFamilyLaundromat(洗衣店)frommygrandfather.Itwasatruefamilybusiness.Myfather,mymotherandmyauntwereresponsiblefordifferentjobs.E1myretired(退休的)grandfatherhelpswiththecleaningnowandthen.MyfathersaidthatthemostimportantmachineintheLaundromatwasn’tthewashingmachine.Itwasthecoffeepotbythedoor.Thecoffeewasfreeandalmosteveryc2wouldhaveacupandchatwithmyfamilywhilewaitingfortheircleanclothes.Inthehoursa3schooloronweekends,itwasmyjobtokeepthecoffeepotfull.Atleasttentimeseachday,Iwouldcleanupthewetcoffeegrounds(咖啡渣),weigh40gofcoffeebeans,fillthepotwithwater,andturnonthecoffeemachine.Itwassuchab4jobthatIcouldhavedoneitinmysleep.Iremembercomplainingonebusyday.“W5dowehavetogiveawaycoffee?We’reaLaundromat,notacoffeeshop!”Isaidangrily.Myfatherwassurprisedatmyattitude.Atoncehes6whathewasdoingtotalktome.Withapatientbutseriousexpressiononhisf7hespoke:“Son,peoplechooseourlaundromatb8weservethemlikefriends.Weofferthemacupofcoffee.Wechatwiththem,laughwiththemandconnectwiththem.Peopledon’tjustneedap9tocleantheirclothes.Theyneedfriendship.Thatiswhyyourjobisthemostimportantjobinthelaundromat.”Myfather’swordshadtheexpectedeffect.Fromthenon,Idothejobmorec10.Afterall,Ihadthemostimportantjobinthelaundromat.【答案】(E)ven2．(c)ustomer3．(a)fter4．(b)oring5．(W)hy6．(s)topped7．(f)ace8．(b)ecause9．(p)lace10．(c)arefully【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了作者家的洗衣店提供免費(fèi)咖啡，作者一開(kāi)始向父親抱怨，不明白為什么洗衣店要提供免費(fèi)的咖啡，理解了父親的意圖之后，認(rèn)真對(duì)待沖泡咖啡的工作。1．句意：就連我退休的祖父也偶爾幫忙打掃。根據(jù)“Itwasatruefamilybusiness.”及“myretired(退休的)grandfatherhelpswiththecleaningnowandthen.”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)甚至退休的祖父也在幫忙打掃，even“甚至”，故填(E)ven。2．句意：咖啡是免費(fèi)的，幾乎每個(gè)顧客都會(huì)在等待干凈衣服的時(shí)候和我的家人喝一杯聊天。根據(jù)“waitingfortheircleanclothes”可知，顧客在等待干凈的衣服時(shí)會(huì)和作者的家人喝一杯咖啡，customer“顧客”，根據(jù)every可知，此空應(yīng)填單數(shù)名詞，故填(c)ustomer。3．句意：在放學(xué)后或周末的幾個(gè)小時(shí)里，我的工作就是讓咖啡壺保持滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)的。根據(jù)“schooloronweekends”及首字母可知，此處指在放學(xué)后或在周末，afterschool“放學(xué)后”，故填(a)fter。4．句意：這是一件很無(wú)聊的工作，我睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候都能做。根據(jù)“jobthatIcouldhavedoneitinmysleep”及首字母可知，在睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候能做，說(shuō)明它是一份很無(wú)聊的工作，boring“無(wú)聊的”，故填(b)oring。5．句意：我們?yōu)槭裁匆涂Х?？根?jù)“We’reaLaundromat,notacoffeeshop”可知，作者認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)洗衣店而不是咖啡店，不懂為什么要送咖啡，故填(W)hy。6．句意：他立刻停下手中的工作和我說(shuō)話(huà)。根據(jù)“whathewasdoingtotalktome”及首字母可知，父親停止了手里的工作，而來(lái)跟作者說(shuō)話(huà)，stop“停止”，描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，故填(s)topped。7．句意：他臉上帶著一種耐心而嚴(yán)肅的表情說(shuō)。根據(jù)“Withapatientbutseriousexpressiononhis”及首字母可知，臉上出現(xiàn)了一種耐心而嚴(yán)肅的表情，face“臉”，故填(f)ace。8．句意：孩子，人們選擇我們的洗衣店是因?yàn)槲覀兿衽笥岩粯臃?wù)他們。空格后“weservethemlikefriends”是解釋人們選擇作者家洗衣店的原因，故填(b)ecause。9．句意：人們需要的不僅僅是洗衣服的地方。根據(jù)“Peopledon’tjustneeda…tocleantheirclothes.”及首字母可知，不需要僅僅是洗衣服的地方，place“地方”，根據(jù)a可知，此空應(yīng)填單數(shù)形式，故填(p)lace。10．句意：從那時(shí)起，我更認(rèn)真地做這項(xiàng)工作。根據(jù)“Afterall,Ihadthemostimportantjobinthelaundromat”可知，聽(tīng)到了父親的一席話(huà)，作者工作得更加認(rèn)真了，此處副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，carefully“認(rèn)真地”，故填(c)arefully。（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，寫(xiě)出所缺單詞，使短文完整、通順。AlihasworkedandlivedinShandongProvinceforalmostsixyears.Whenhisfriendssuggestedg11toRizhaoforatwo-daytrip,thefirstthingsthatcameintohismindwereitsbeautifulbeachesandniceseafood.Rizhaocertainlygoesb12that!Itisalso“hometownofgreentea”innorthernChina.Rizhaol13inthesoutheastofShandongProvinceneartheYellowSea.Ithaspleasantweather,richsoil,andenoughsunlight.Allthesemakeits14forgrowinghigh-qualitygreentea.Alihadthechancetopicktealeavesforthefirsttimeinhislife.“ThisisthefirsttimeI’velearnedaboutChineseteaculture.It’sanewandexcitingexperienceforme.It’sfantastic!”Alisaidwithasmileonhisf15.【答案】11．(g)oing12．(b)eyond13．(l)ies14．(s)pecial15．(f)ace【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了阿里將去山東日照旅行，日照作為中國(guó)北方的“綠茶之鄉(xiāng)”，其氣候和地理位置非常適合種植高品質(zhì)茶葉。11．句意：當(dāng)他的朋友建議去日照進(jìn)行兩天的旅行時(shí)，他首先想到的是日照美麗的海灘和美味的海鮮。根據(jù)首字母及“Whenhisfriendssuggested…toRizhaoforatwo-daytrip”可知，此處指去日照。go“去”，動(dòng)詞。suggestdoingsth.“建議做某事”，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填(g)oing。12．句意：日照當(dāng)然不止于此！根據(jù)首字母及“itsbeautifulbeachesandniceseafood”及“Itisalso‘hometownofgreentea’innorthernChina.”可知，日照不僅有美麗的海灘、美味的海鮮，還被稱(chēng)為“綠茶之鄉(xiāng)”，此處應(yīng)為短語(yǔ)gobeyond“超越”。故填(b)eyond。13．句意：日照位于山東省東南部，瀕臨黃海。根據(jù)首字母及“Rizhao…inthesoutheastofShandongProvince”可知，此處介紹日照的地理位置。liein“位于”。本句陳述事實(shí)，故為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用其單三形式。故填(l)ies。14．句意：所有這些都使它特別適合種植高品質(zhì)的綠茶。根據(jù)首字母及“Ithaspleasantweather,richsoil,andenoughsunlight.Allthesemakeit…forgrowinghigh-qualitygreentea.”可知，日照的氣候和地質(zhì)使其特別適合種植高品質(zhì)綠茶。special“特別的”，形容詞，作賓補(bǔ)。故填(s)pecial。15．句意：“這是我第一次了解中國(guó)茶文化。這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一次新的、激動(dòng)人心的經(jīng)歷。太棒了！”阿里笑著說(shuō)。根據(jù)首字母及“Alisaidwithasmileonhis…”可知，阿里的臉上帶著笑容。face“臉”，名詞，由“his”可知，用其單數(shù)形式。故填(f)ace。（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀短文，根據(jù)上下文和所給的首字母寫(xiě)出所缺單詞。注意使用正確形式，每空限填一詞。TodayisDuanwuJie,orDragonBoatFestival,oneofthemostimportantfestivalsinChina.Chinesepeopler16thegreatpatrioticpoet(愛(ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人)QuYuanbyrowingdragonboatsandmakingzongzionthisday.Myvillageisfamousforitsgreatprotectionoftraditionalc17andwehavethebestdragonboatraceteamofthecity.Everyyear,villagersraiseourdragonboatsfromundertheriveraboutamonthbeforethefestival.Andthenitisc18cleanedandrepainted.Ourdragonboatisalready40yearsold.Madeofaspecialkindofwood,itisstillstrongenoughtol19foralongtime.Thisyear,myelderbrotherisacceptedintoourdragonboatraceteamasitsyoungestmember.He’sonly18,andI’msop20ofhim.【答案】16．(r)emember17．(c)ulture/(c)ustoms18．(c)arefully/(c)ompletely/(c)autiously19．(l)ast20．(p)roud【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了端午節(jié)的慶?；顒?dòng)以及作者村莊每年都會(huì)賽龍舟。16．句意：中國(guó)人民在這一天劃龍舟、包粽子，紀(jì)念偉大的愛(ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人屈原。根據(jù)“greatpatrioticpoet(愛(ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人)QuYuanbyrowingdragonboatsandmakingzongzionthisday.”可知是指人們通過(guò)這些方式紀(jì)念屈原，remember“紀(jì)念”，是動(dòng)詞，此處是描述事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是people，動(dòng)詞用原形，故填(r)emember。17．句意：我的村莊以其對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化/習(xí)俗/儀式的保護(hù)而聞名，我們有全市最好的龍舟隊(duì)。根據(jù)“Myvillageisfamousforitsgreatprotectionoftraditional”和首字母可知，此處可以指?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)文化也可以指?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)習(xí)俗。culture“文化”，此處是不可數(shù)名詞；custom“習(xí)俗”，此處名詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故填(c)ulture/(c)ustoms。18．句意：然后仔細(xì)/徹底/小心地清洗并重新粉刷。根據(jù)“Everyyear,villagersraiseourdragonboatsfromundertheriveraboutamonthbeforethefestival.”可知每年端午節(jié)前一個(gè)月左右，村民們就會(huì)把龍舟從河底升起，結(jié)合首字母可知，然后應(yīng)該是要仔細(xì)/徹底/小心地清洗并重新粉刷。carefully“仔細(xì)地”，completely“完全地”，cautiously“小心地”，副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。故填(c)arefully/(c)ompletely/(c)autiously。19．句意：它由一種特殊的木材制成，仍然足夠堅(jiān)固，可以使用很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。根據(jù)“Madeofaspecialkindofwood”可知龍舟是由一種特殊的木材制成，很堅(jiān)固，可以持續(xù)使用很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。last“持續(xù)”，動(dòng)詞，空前有不定式符號(hào)，動(dòng)詞用原形，故填(l)ast。20．句意：他才18歲，我為他感到驕傲。根據(jù)“Thisyear,myelderbrotherisacceptedintoourdragonboatraceteamasitsyoungestmember”結(jié)合首字母可知，此處是固定短語(yǔ)beproudof“為……感到自豪”，故填(p)roud。（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整。在答題卡標(biāo)有題號(hào)的橫線(xiàn)上，完整地寫(xiě)出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。（每空一詞）PeterPanwishesWendy,JohnandMichael,especiallyWendy,wouldstayinNeverlandforever,butfinallytheDarlingchildrendecidetoflybackhomeandgrowup.“Quick,Tink,”P(pán)eterwhispers.“S1thewindow.ThenwhenWendycomesback,shewillthinkhermotherdoesn’tloveheranymore,andshewillreturntoNeverlandwithme.”Mrs.Darlingisplayingthepiano.Peterdidn’tknowthetune,Home,SweetHome,b2heknowsit’ssaying,“Comeback,Wendy,Wendy,Wendy.”P(pán)eterlooksthroughthedoorandseestwobigtearsinMrs.Darling’seyes.“ShelovesWendy,”hethinks.“ButIloveWendy,too.Wec3bothhaveher.”HelooksatMrs.Darlingagain.Thetwotearsarestillsittingonhere4.“Oh,allright,”hesaysatlast,sadly.Thenheopensthewindow.WhenWendy,John,andMichaelarrive,theyfindthewindowo5forthem.Theyallgetintobedtosurprisetheirmother.WhenMrs.Darlinggoesbacktothechildren’sroom,theyareallintheirbeds.Theywaitforhertosaysomething,butshesaysn6.Shethinkssheisdreaming.Shesitsbythefire.Thechildrenaresow7.Whyisn’ttheirmotherhappytoseethemagain?Allthreeofthemjumpoutofbed,runtoherandshout,“Mother!”Sherealizessheisnotd8anymore.Mr.DarlingandNanacomein.Theyareallsohappy.Peterw9themfromthewindowbutheislookingatsomethinghewillneverhave.Manyyearspass.WhenPetervisitsWendyagain,shehasg10upandhasadaughterofherown.Peterisstillaboywhocan’tgrowup.—TakenfromPeterPan【答案】1．(S)hut2．(b)ut3．(c)an’t4．(e)yes5．(o)pen6．(n)othing7．(w)orried8．(d)reaming9．(w)atches10．(g)rown【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文出自文學(xué)作品《彼得·潘》，講述了小飛俠彼得·潘決定把朋友送回家的故事。1．句意：關(guān)上窗戶(hù)。根據(jù)“S...thewindow”可知，彼得想關(guān)上窗戶(hù)，shut“關(guān)閉”符合語(yǔ)境，祈使句用動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。故填(S)hut。2．句意：彼得不知道《家，甜蜜的家》這首曲子，但他知道它在說(shuō)：“回來(lái)吧，溫蒂，溫蒂?！?。根據(jù)“Peterdidn’tknow”和“heknows”可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用but連接。故填(b)ut。3．句意：我們不可能都擁有她。根據(jù)“ShelovesWendy”和“ButIloveWendy,too.”可知，他們都愛(ài)溫蒂，但不能同時(shí)擁有她，can’t“不能”符合語(yǔ)境。故填(c)an’t。4．句意：那兩滴眼淚仍然留在她的眼睛上。根據(jù)“twotears”可知，眼淚仍然留在她的眼睛上，eye“眼睛”，用復(fù)數(shù)。故填(e)yes。5．句意：當(dāng)溫蒂、約翰和邁克爾到達(dá)時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)窗戶(hù)為他們打開(kāi)了。根據(jù)“Thenheopensthewindow.”可知，窗戶(hù)是開(kāi)著的，open“打開(kāi)的”，形容詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填(o)pen。6．句意：他們等她說(shuō)什么，但她什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。根據(jù)“Theywaitforhertosaysomething,but…”可知，她什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)，不定代詞nothing“什么都沒(méi)有”符合語(yǔ)境。故填(n)othing。7．句意：孩子們很擔(dān)心。根據(jù)“Whyisn’ttheirmotherhappytoseethemagain?”可知，孩子們是擔(dān)心的，worried“擔(dān)心的”，形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故填(w)orried。8．句意：她意識(shí)到自己不是在做夢(mèng)了。根據(jù)“Allthreeofthemjumpoutofbed,runtoherandshout,‘Mother!’”可知，孩子們?nèi)ズ皨寢專(zhuān)屗雷约簺](méi)有在做夢(mèng)，孩子們真的回來(lái)了，dream“做夢(mèng)”，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式與is構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填(d)reaming。9．句意：彼得從窗戶(hù)看著他們，但他看到的是他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)擁有的東西。根據(jù)“butheislookingatsomethinghewillneverhave.”可知，彼得在看著他們，watch“看，注視”符合語(yǔ)境，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是“Peter”，動(dòng)詞用三單。故填(w)atches。10．句意：當(dāng)彼得再次拜訪(fǎng)溫蒂時(shí)，她已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了，有了自己的女兒。根據(jù)“Manyyearspass.”可知，溫蒂長(zhǎng)大了，growup“長(zhǎng)大”，固定短語(yǔ)，grow用過(guò)去分詞形式與has構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填(g)rown。（2023·天津·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫(xiě)所缺單詞，使短文意思完整。每空限填一詞。Asmileshowsthatapersonishappy.Forexample,apersonmaysmilewhenheorsheisp11withsomeprogressinstudies.Orapersonmaysmileifafriendtellsafunnyjoke.Thereareothergoodr12tosmileoften.First,itise13tosmilethantoshowunhappiness.Infact,itonlytakes17muscles(肌肉)tosmile.Ontheotherhand,ittakes43musclestoshowunhappiness.Sogivethemusclesinyourf14arestandsmile!Second,smilesarenice.Peoplemaytrytol15nicebyexercisingorwearingniceclothes.However,peopleoftensayasmileisthebestthingapersoncanwear.Thatisbecauseitiseasytobea16someonewhoissmilingandhappy.Almostnoonewantstostaywithsomeonewhoisalwaysunhappy.Third,smileshavepower(感染力).Bothsmilingandlaughingcaneasilyandquicklys17fromonepersontoanother.Ifonepersonsmiles,peoplearoundhimorherwanttosmile,too.Similarly,whenapersonlaughs,peopletend(往往會(huì))tolaughwithhimorher.Ifapersoniss18,thebestthingtodoistoshareasmileoralaugh.Itistheeasiestwaytocheersomeoneup.F19,smilingandlaughingareverygoodforthebody.Eventhoughyouaresad,trysmiling.You’llfindthatitwillbedifficulttos20sadforverylong!【答案】11．(p)leased12．(r)easons13．(e)asier14．(f)ace15．(l)ook16．(a)round17．(s)pread18．(s)ad19．(F)inally20．(s)tay【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了對(duì)別人微笑的好處。11．句意：例如，當(dāng)一個(gè)人對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)上的進(jìn)步感到滿(mǎn)意時(shí)，他或她可能會(huì)微笑。bepleasedwith“對(duì)……感到滿(mǎn)意”，此處指對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)上的進(jìn)步感到滿(mǎn)意。故填(p)leased。12．句意：還有其他的好理由經(jīng)常微笑。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容及首字母r可知下文中介紹了微笑的理由，reason“理由，原因”，other后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填(r)easons。13．句意：首先，微笑比表現(xiàn)不開(kāi)心更容易。根據(jù)“Infact,itonlytakes17musclestosmile.Ontheotherhand,ittakes43musclestoshowunhappiness.”可知微笑比表現(xiàn)不開(kāi)心更容易，is后接easy的比較級(jí)easier表示“更容易的”。故填(e)asier。14．句意：所以，讓你臉上的肌肉休息一下，微笑吧！根據(jù)“Infact,itonlytakes17musclestosmile.Ontheotherhand,ittakes43musclestoshowunhappiness.”可推出此處用的是臉部肌肉，結(jié)合首字母f可知用face表示“臉”。故填(f)ace。15．句意：人們可能會(huì)通過(guò)鍛煉或穿漂亮的衣服來(lái)使自己看起來(lái)漂亮。根據(jù)“byexercisingorwearingniceclothes”可知做這些是為了看起來(lái)漂亮，look“看起來(lái)”，不定式符號(hào)to后用動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成不定式。故填(l)ook。16．句意：這是因?yàn)槲覀兒苋菀缀鸵粋€(gè)微笑和快樂(lè)的人在一起。根據(jù)“Almostnoonewantstostaywithsomeonewhoisalwaysunhappy.”可知待在愛(ài)笑的人周?chē)苋菀?，用around表示“在……周?chē)薄９侍?a)round。17．句意：微笑和大笑都能輕易而迅速地從一個(gè)人傳播到另一個(gè)人。根據(jù)“fromonepersontoanother”可知此處指從人到人的傳播，spread“傳播”，can后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填(s)pread。18．句意：如果一個(gè)人悲傷，最好的辦法就是分享一個(gè)微笑或大笑。根據(jù)“Itistheeasiestwaytocheersomeoneup.”可知要使難過(guò)的人高興起來(lái)，is后接形容詞sad表示“難過(guò)的”。故填(s)ad。19．句意：最后，微笑和大笑對(duì)身體很好。根據(jù)“First...Second...Third...”及首字母F可知此處用Finally表示“最后”。故填(F)inally。20．句意：你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)保持悲傷很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間是很困難的！根據(jù)“forverylong”可知此處指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持悲傷，stay“保持，停留”。故填(s)tay。（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文意思和首字母提示，寫(xiě)出一個(gè)完整正確的單詞。ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendarhas24solarterms(節(jié)氣)inayear.AncientChinesepeoplecreatedthissystemtom21thechangeoftimebasedonthesun’sposition.Inancienttimes,thissystemguidedfarmingactivities.Itt22farmerswhattodoaccordingtothechangesintemperature.Today,24solartermsstillplayanimportantroleinChinesepeople’se23life.Theyremindpeopleofthechangesins24andtoeatsuitablefood.Thisancienttimesystemhasgainednewcharmnow.InBeijing2022WinterOlympics,thedirectorusedanewcountdown(倒計(jì)時(shí))method,showing24solartermsinsteadofnumbers.Thiscreativemethodwasgreatlyp25bypeoplearoundtheworld.TheyareamazedbythewisdomofChinesepeople.【答案】21．(m)ark22．(t)old23．(e)veryday24．(s)easons25．(p)raised【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了中國(guó)古人創(chuàng)造的24節(jié)氣以及這個(gè)古老的時(shí)間系統(tǒng)帶來(lái)的新的魅力。21．句意：中國(guó)古人創(chuàng)造這個(gè)系統(tǒng)是為了根據(jù)太陽(yáng)的位置來(lái)標(biāo)記時(shí)間的變化。根據(jù)“AncientChinesepeoplecreatedthissystemtom...thechangeoftimebasedonthesun’sposition.”可知24節(jié)氣是為了根據(jù)太陽(yáng)的位置來(lái)標(biāo)記時(shí)間的變化，mark“標(biāo)記”，動(dòng)詞，空前有不定式符號(hào)to，動(dòng)詞用原形，故填(m)ark。22．句意：它告訴農(nóng)民根據(jù)溫度的變化做什么。根據(jù)“farmerswhattodoaccordingtothechangesintemperature”可知24個(gè)節(jié)氣可以告訴農(nóng)民根據(jù)溫度的變化來(lái)做事情，tell“告訴”，此處是說(shuō)在古代的時(shí)候，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，故填(t)old。23．句意：今天，24節(jié)氣在中國(guó)人的日常生活中仍然扮演著重要的角色。根據(jù)“playanimportantroleinChinesepeople’se...life.”可知是指日常生活，應(yīng)用everydaylife。故填(e)veryday。24．句意：他們提醒人們季節(jié)的變化和吃合適的食物。根據(jù)“Theyremindpeopleofthechangesins...”可知是指季節(jié)的變化，season“季節(jié)”，可數(shù)名詞，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，故填(s)easons。25．句意：這種創(chuàng)造性的方法受到了全世界人民的極大贊揚(yáng)。根據(jù)“TheyareamazedbythewisdomofChinesepeople.”以及空處單詞的首字母可知，這種創(chuàng)造性的方法被全世界人們贊揚(yáng)。praise“贊揚(yáng)”，動(dòng)詞，和主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去分詞，故填(p)raised。(2022中考真題）（一）（2022·廣東廣州·中考真題）閱讀短文，根據(jù)上下文和所給的首字母寫(xiě)出所缺單詞。注意使用正確形式，每空限填一詞。答卷時(shí)，要求寫(xiě)出完整單詞。DunbuangisahistoriccityinGansu.Inancienttimes,Dunhuangwasanimportantc___46___oftrade.AstheSilkRoaddeveloped,DunhuangbecameChina’swesterngatewaytotheworld.Here,differentculturesmetandinfluencedeachother.Peoplefromf___47___countriesdidbusinessandcommunicatedwiththelocalpeople.Ifyouv___48___Dunhuang,youwillbeabletoseetheMogaoCaves（莫高窟）.Ifyouwalki___49___,youwilldiscoversomeofthewonderfulartworks.Thereareover45,000squaremetresofbeautifulpaintingsonthecavewalls,asw