專題14閱讀理解（說(shuō)明文議論文）-2024年中考英語(yǔ)真題題源解密

專題14說(shuō)明文與議論文閱讀理解是每年中考試題的“重中之重”。此題型的分值為3040分，約占整套試題總分的45%左右。閱讀理解主要考查考生通過(guò)閱讀短文獲取一定信息的能力。近幾年的中考試題考查的文體多為記敘文、說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文等，考查內(nèi)容比較廣泛。不僅如此，閱讀理解的文章在體裁方面也越來(lái)越多樣化，廣告、圖表等應(yīng)用文是近年來(lái)中考試題的新體裁；在內(nèi)容方面，也更加體現(xiàn)了時(shí)代性和可讀性，題材包括科普、社會(huì)、文化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面。（一）體裁簡(jiǎn)析一、英語(yǔ)閱讀文體類型簡(jiǎn)析中考英語(yǔ)閱讀常見(jiàn)的文體類型有：記敘文、議論文、說(shuō)明文和應(yīng)用文。01、記敘文。英語(yǔ)記敘文以描寫敘述為主，主要描寫人物、事件、地點(diǎn)、或過(guò)程。特點(diǎn)是，其主題往往潛伏在字里行間，沒(méi)有直接地表白出來(lái)；文章主旨要透過(guò)體察所揭示的人物、事件來(lái)進(jìn)行提煉。描寫手法大多按時(shí)間跨度、空間順序、上下順序來(lái)展開。閱讀記敘文體應(yīng)采取略讀和掃讀的方法，快速抓住文中描寫的主要內(nèi)容，從整體上去把握文章的連貫性，進(jìn)而大體上揣測(cè)出作者的寫作意圖及情感主線。高考閱讀就記敘文設(shè)題大多以細(xì)節(jié)理解為主。02、說(shuō)明文。英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文的總體結(jié)構(gòu)通常為三部份，說(shuō)明對(duì)象、說(shuō)明過(guò)程和歸納總結(jié)。常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)明方法：就中考英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文的閱讀而言，首先要抓住文章說(shuō)明的要點(diǎn)，也就是要抓住被說(shuō)明對(duì)象的實(shí)質(zhì)性特征；弄清作者從哪個(gè)角度、哪個(gè)層面開始說(shuō)明；并明白文章最后的說(shuō)明結(jié)論。中考說(shuō)明文閱讀材料通常介紹最新科技、重大成就、生活時(shí)尚、流行現(xiàn)象等。了解說(shuō)明文的寫作手法、說(shuō)明方法，理清短文結(jié)構(gòu)及段落中心思想是答題關(guān)鍵。03、議論文。英語(yǔ)議論文通常為三段式，即“論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論”三部份組成。首先借助某一現(xiàn)象引出論點(diǎn)，然后通過(guò)一定論據(jù)從各個(gè)層面上加以推理論證，最后得出結(jié)論。議論文體主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)論點(diǎn)及論據(jù)的把握。因此，遇到議論文體時(shí)，應(yīng)采取抓主題句的方法來(lái)把握文章主旨，弄清作者的觀點(diǎn)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，作者的論點(diǎn)通常在文章首段被引出，接著是對(duì)這一論點(diǎn)的邏輯推理和論證，最后為結(jié)論。還應(yīng)注意的是：在對(duì)論點(diǎn)論證的過(guò)程中，每一段的首句都是該段的主題句。把握全文論點(diǎn)、弄清論證各段的主題句、理解文章層次、找出中心論點(diǎn)的位置是理解議論文的關(guān)鍵。04、應(yīng)用文。英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文屬于實(shí)用型文體，如書信、通知、日記、廣告等。應(yīng)用文閱讀要注意文中具體細(xì)節(jié)的把握與理解，弄清作者所傳達(dá)的實(shí)際信息及表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。閱讀時(shí)采取速讀與精讀相結(jié)合的方法，力求快速精確地查出試題所設(shè)置的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。（二）解題技巧掌握中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題的應(yīng)試技巧，正確地理解和分析問(wèn)題，考生應(yīng)從以下幾個(gè)方面入手：一、主旨題文章段落的首句和末句，一般表達(dá)文章的主題和段落的中心思想，其他句子只起補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明、解釋或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目標(biāo)，找出文章及段落中的主題句，了解了它們的含義，就可以順著提供的主要線索去捕捉文章的相關(guān)信息，從而獲得解決問(wèn)題的答案。最有效的辦法是找出主題句。主題句一般具有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：（1）表述的意思通常是總結(jié)性的；（2）句子結(jié)構(gòu)較簡(jiǎn)單，多數(shù)都不采用長(zhǎng)、難句的形式；（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用來(lái)解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表述的主題思想的。二、推斷題推理是在既有信息的基礎(chǔ)上得出合乎文章內(nèi)容的內(nèi)涵意義，即某一問(wèn)題、某一觀點(diǎn)沒(méi)有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行間，要求通過(guò)文中信息分析推出某種符合作者思想、符合文章邏輯的內(nèi)涵意義。推斷則是指通過(guò)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷題推斷得正確與否，很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語(yǔ)氣及觀點(diǎn)。（1）事實(shí)推斷。這種推斷常常針對(duì)某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)具體細(xì)節(jié)，是比較簡(jiǎn)單的推斷。進(jìn)行這種推斷，要首先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。（2）指代推斷。確定指代詞的含義和指代對(duì)象是閱讀理解題常見(jiàn)的題目。要確定指代詞所指代的對(duì)象，關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)上下文的正確理解。指代名詞的指代詞，其單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與被指代的詞一致，因此數(shù)的形式可作為識(shí)別指代對(duì)象的第一個(gè)輔助標(biāo)志。（3）邏輯推斷。這類題目往往是要求根據(jù)文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言來(lái)推斷出人物的態(tài)度或感受。（4）對(duì)作者的意圖和態(tài)度的推斷。這一類考題大都要求學(xué)生就作者對(duì)論述對(duì)象持什么樣的態(tài)度做出推斷，如作者對(duì)所陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)，還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠，還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來(lái)，而往往隱含在字里行間。因此，進(jìn)行這種推斷時(shí)，我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辭，尤其是形容詞一類的修飾語(yǔ)。總之，只要平時(shí)善于積累，并熟練運(yùn)用上述解題技巧，初中閱讀理解題就將不再是難題。三、猜測(cè)詞義題閱讀短文時(shí)，常常會(huì)遇到一些生詞。這時(shí)，考生要沉著、冷靜，細(xì)心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通過(guò)對(duì)全篇短文的理解，就有可能猜測(cè)出生詞的大意。另外，還可以從含有生詞句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之間的關(guān)系來(lái)判斷、理解生詞以求獲得其真正含義。猜測(cè)生詞的另一種方法是，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測(cè)。遇到生詞后，可從構(gòu)詞法角度分析判斷生詞。例如：inexpensive一詞，其中詞根expensive的含義是“貴的”。前綴in是“不”的意思，因此可以猜測(cè)此詞詞義為“不貴的，便宜的”?？傊?，猜詞題可以用到以下技巧（1）.根據(jù)文中的解釋（2）.使用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)和括號(hào)等（3）.根據(jù)同位語(yǔ)或根據(jù)同等關(guān)系（4）.根據(jù)語(yǔ)義的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系（5）.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系（6）.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)（7）.根據(jù)常識(shí)，上下文邏輯四、細(xì)節(jié)理解題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。它們大都是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息如事實(shí)、例證、原因、過(guò)程、論述等進(jìn)行提問(wèn)的。有些問(wèn)題可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些則需要我們?cè)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計(jì)算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而常?？刹扇　皫е鴨?wèn)題找答案”的方法.先從問(wèn)題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)。然后以此為線索。要快速地辨認(rèn)和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句.仔細(xì)品味，對(duì)照比較.確定答案。有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題只要直接辨認(rèn)不要求讀者對(duì)客觀的事實(shí)作出解釋或判斷，只要求從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息。同時(shí)還要求讀者記住重要細(xì)節(jié)，在必要的時(shí)候（做判斷、推斷或結(jié)論的時(shí)候）能夠準(zhǔn)確而迅速地將他們回憶起來(lái)。考向三、說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文是對(duì)客觀事物的性狀、特點(diǎn)、功能和用途等作科學(xué)解說(shuō)的。它既不像記敘文那樣重在情節(jié)的敘述和描寫，也不像議論文那樣，重在闡明主張和論點(diǎn)論據(jù)；說(shuō)明文是通過(guò)解說(shuō)事物、闡明事理，說(shuō)明文是中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題中的重點(diǎn)，難點(diǎn)之一。說(shuō)明文具有與自己特點(diǎn)相適應(yīng)的說(shuō)明方法，因此說(shuō)明文結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)多，易于拉開考生分?jǐn)?shù)檔次，對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)明文抽象度高，解題難度大。因此考生要掌握說(shuō)明文的命題特點(diǎn)，敘述方式，以冷靜的心態(tài)閱讀原文，重點(diǎn)突破長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和邏輯關(guān)系，以便對(duì)其做出準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)意理解。（2023·廣州）Peoplebelievethateverywordhasitscorrectmeaning(s).Whenwearenotsure,weusuallycheckonline,orturntoourteachersordictionaries.Butdoyouknowhowdictionariesweremadeinthepast?Dictionarywritersfirstreadtheimportantbooksoftheperiodorthesubjectthatthedictionarywasabout.Astheyread,theycopiednecessaryinformationoncards:interestingwords,monwords—bothintheirdailyusesandunusualuses,andalsothesentenceswheretheywereused.Thatistosay,thewords,alongwiththeusesofeachword,werecollected.Forareallybigdictionary,millionsofsuchcardswerecollected.Thistaskcouldlastforyears.Asthecardswerecollected,theywereputinalphabeticalorder(A—Z).Whenthiswasdone,therewouldbeseveralhundredcardsforeachsingleword.Then,todefine(定義)aword,thedictionarywriterplaceditshundredsofcardsbeforehim.Hereadthecardsclosely,threwawaysome,readtherestagain,anddividedupthecardsaccordingtowhathethoughtwerethemonusesoftheword.Finally,hewrotethedefinitions,followingthehardandfastrule:eachdefinitionmustefromanexampleonacertaincardinfrontofhim.So,thewritingofadictionarywasnotataskofinventingmeaningsofwords,butataskofrecordingtheirmeanings.Thewriterofadictionarywasahistorian,notalawmaker.Astimedevelops,thewayofproducingdictionarieshasgreatlychanged.Nowadays,wecanuseonlinedictionariestoo.Whenchoosingourwordsinspeakingorwriting,wecanbeguidedbythedictionary.However,wecannotbecontrolledbyit,becausenewsituations,newexperiences,newinventions,andnewfeelings,arealwayspushingustogivenewusestooldwords.37.Whydiddictionarywritersreadimportantbooks?A.Toknowmoreabouttheperiod. B.Tocollectwordsandtheiruses.C.Tounderstanddifferentsubjects. D.Tolearntouseinterestingwords.38.Whichshowsthecorrectstepsofhowdictionariesweremadeinthepast?A.①③④② B.①②④③ C.③④②① D.③①④②39.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassageaboutdictionarywritinginthepast?A.Itshouldbedonebyhistorians. B.Itwasataskofinventingandrecording.C.Itwaslongtimehardwork. D.Ithadtousethelawmakingrules.40.Whatdoesthewriteradviseustodowhenwechoosewordsinmunication?A.Beopentothenewusesofwords. B.Followthedictionarystrictly.C.Useonlinedictionariesinstead. D.Trytocreatenewwords.【答案】37.B38.D39.C40.A【解析】本文主要介紹了過(guò)去詞典是如何制作的。37.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Astheyread,theycopiednecessaryinformationoncards:interestingwords,monwords—bothintheirdailyusesandunusualuses,andalsothesentenceswheretheywereused.Thatistosay,thewords,alongwiththeusesofeachword,werecollected.”（當(dāng)他們閱讀時(shí)，他們把必要的信息抄寫在卡片上：有趣的單詞，常見(jiàn)的單詞——包括日常使用和不常用的單詞，以及使用這些單詞的句子。也就是說(shuō)，這些單詞以及每個(gè)單詞的用法都被收集了起來(lái)。）可推知詞典編纂者要讀重要的書籍是為了收集單詞及其用法，故選B。38.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Astheyread,theycopiednecessaryinformationoncards:interestingwords,monwordsbothintheirdailyusesandunusualuses,andalsothesentenceswheretheywereused.”、“Asthecardswerecollected,theywereputinalphabeticalorder(A—Z).”、“Then,todefine(定義)aword,thedictionarywriterplaceditshundredsofcardsbeforehim.Hereadthecardsclosely,threwawaysome,readtherestagain,anddividedupthecardsaccordingtowhathethoughtwerethemonusesoftheword.”、“Finally,hewrotethedefinitions,followingthehardandfastrule:eachdefinitionmustefromanexampleonacertaincardinfrontofhim.”可知，過(guò)去制作字典首先把有趣單詞，日常使用和不尋常使用的常見(jiàn)單詞，以及使用它們的句子記在卡片上；然后收集卡片時(shí)，按字母順序（AZ）排列；其次篩選卡片，根據(jù)詞典編纂者認(rèn)為的單詞的常用用法將卡片分開；最后是按照硬性規(guī)定寫下了定義，每個(gè)定義都必須來(lái)自他面前某張卡片上的一個(gè)例子。所以正確的步驟是③①④②。故選D。39.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Forareallybigdictionary,millionsofsuchcardswerecollected.”（對(duì)于一本真正的大字典來(lái)說(shuō)，收集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)張這樣的卡片。）可知過(guò)去編纂詞典是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期艱苦的工作。故選C。40.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“However,wecannotbecontrolledbyit,becausenewsituations,newexperiences,newinventions,andnewfeelings,arealwayspushingustogivenewusestooldwords.”可知作者建議大家在使用詞典時(shí)不能被它所控制，因?yàn)樾碌那闆r、新的經(jīng)歷、新的發(fā)明和新的感受總是在推動(dòng)我們對(duì)舊詞賦予新的用途，也就是接受詞匯的新用法。故選A。Passage1（2023·武漢）WhenthefamousscientistAlbertEinsteinwas16yearsold,heimaginedhimselfridingalongsideabeam(束)oflight.Heusedthispictureinmindtohelphimwhenworkingoutthe“theoryofrelativity(相對(duì)論)”.“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge,”saidEinstein.Daydreaming,called“thoughtexperiments”byEinstein,canmakeyouhavewildimaginings,likeflyingaroundinspace.Itletsyourmindwalkslowlyaroundideas,memoriesandexperiencesthataren’thappeningrightnow.Itmeansthinkingaheadtoaholidayorrememberinghowmuchyouenjoyedabirthdayparty.AccordingtoChina’shealthauthorities(權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)),daydreamingforawhileeachdaycanimproveyourhealthandcreativity.Disappearingintoadaydreamletsyourmindescapewhenthingsaredifficult.Ithelpsyoudealwithworriesandfears.Forexample,imagininghowyou’regoingtospeakupinclassislikepracticingthesceneinyourhead,whichcanmakeyoufeelcalmer.Daydreamingalsoinspirescreativityandletsyoufindnewworldswheretherearenolimits(限制)towhatyoucandoorwhoyouare.GuoQiang,anexpertinthoughtsandfeelings,thinksweshouldallmaketimetodaydream.“Thinkingforpleasurecanbeapowerfultooltoshapeourfeelings,”hesaid.However,trynottoletyourmindbeabsentwhenyouneedtofocus(聚焦)inclassorcrosstheroad.Instead,findatimewhenyoudon’thavetofocusonanything,likegoingforawalkorbrushingyourteeth.Guosuggestsyoucanstartbyfocusingonahappymemoryorimaginingafuturesuccess,likescoringagoalintheWorldCup.Toencouragecreativity,thinkaboutinterestingideasandseewhereyourmindtakesyou.Researchshowsthatpeopleofteneupwithmoresolutionstoproblemsafterthey’vetakenabreak.Sonexttimeyou’restuckwithhomework,stopforamomentandseewhereyourdaydreamstakeyou.41.Whichwritingskillisusedinparagraph1?A.Givinganexample. B.Raisingaquestion. C.Listingnumbers. D.paringfacts.42.Daydreamingcanmakepeople_________.A.flyaround B.walkslowly C.thinkfreely D.beabsentminded43.GuoQiangfirstsuggests_________.A.escapingfromthehardtime B.lookingfornewworldsC.findingtimetoimagine D.focusingonsuccess44.Whatismentionedinparagraph4?A.Thestepstodaydream.B.Thethingstodaydreamof.C.Thereasonsfordaydreaming.D.Themeaningsofdaydreaming.45.Daydreamingistalkedabout_________.A.toremindpeopletohaveamindbreakB.tosuggestlivingatthemomentC.tofindsolutionstohomeworkproblemsD.toshowascienceresearchresult【答案】41.A42.C43.C44.B45.A【解析】本文主要介紹了白日夢(mèng)的好處，并提醒人們要讓大腦休息一下。41.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“WhenthefamousscientistAlbertEinsteinwas16yearsold...”可知開頭通過(guò)愛(ài)因斯坦的例子引出了本文的話題。故選A。42.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“canmakeyouhavewildimaginings,likeflyingaroundinspace”可知白日夢(mèng)可以讓你產(chǎn)生天馬行空的想象，自由地思考。故選C。43.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“thinksweshouldallmaketimetodaydream”可知他建議要找點(diǎn)時(shí)間去做白日夢(mèng)。故選C。44.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Guosuggestsyoucanstartbyfocusingonahappymemoryorimaginingafuturesuccess,likescoringagoalintheWorldCup”可知此處提到了可以白日做夢(mèng)的事情。故選B。45.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了白日夢(mèng)的好處，并提醒人們要讓大腦休息一下。故選A。Passage2（2023·湖北襄樊）WhenSeptemberes,thenewtermbegins.Parentsareallexcitedbecausetheirkidsaregoingbacktoschool.There’snothingbetterthanthis.Lookingbackattheonlineclassperiod,whatwokeuptheparentseverymorningwasnottheiralarms,buttheirkids’ingonlineclasses.Cookingmeals,signingin(登陸)learningappsandhandinginhomeworkpicturesweredailyactivitiesforparentstogeteverythingreadyforkids.Atthesametime,theparentshadtopayfullattentiontotheirkidsbecausethere’snodifferencebetweengivingakidanelectronicproductand▲.Whatacoincidence!Inancienttimes,thenewtermstartedaroundWhiteDew(白露)inSeptember,too.Peopleusedtohave“fourbigceremoniesinlife”whichincludedtheceremonyof“startingschool,beinganadult,gettingmarriedandburial”.Theceremonyofstartingschoolwasabigthing.Itshowedeveryone’sbestwishesforakid.Noteverykidcouldgotoschool.Mostofthemhadtowork.Butifyouwereaboy,yourfathercouldsendyoutoschool.Luckily,beginningintheHanDynasty,theschoolfees(費(fèi)用)werepaidbytheemperor.Boysstudiedveryhard.Theywenttoschooleveryday,withnoweekends,fromabout6:00a.m.toabout4:00p.m.Theschoolpreparedthemforthegovernmenttests,andwhoeverscoredhighinthetestscouldgetagoodjob.Thereweren’tanymathorsciencelessons.Thestudentslearnedhowtoread,write,andpaintpictures.EducationhasplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofChina’ssociety.Nowadays,Chinahasprovidednineyearfreeeducationforeachchild,andallthekidshaveafairchancetoenterschool.27.AccordingtoParagraph1,parentsprobablyfelt________duringtheonlineclassperiod.A.happy B.tired C.relaxed D.excited28.Whichofthefollowingstoriescanbethebestchoicefor“▲”?A.helpingYuGongmovethemountainsB.givingSimaGuangastonetobreakthevat(缸)C.askingKongRongtogiveawaythebiggerpearsD.sendingtheMonkeyKingtoguardthePeachGarden(蟠桃園)29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coincidence”meaninParagraph2?A.精彩 B.特殊 C.差異 D.巧合30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AllthekidswenttoschoolinancientChina.B.Kidsneededtolearnallthesubjectsinancienttimes.C.EducationistakenseriouslyfromancientChinatillnow.D.Ancientpeoplehadaceremonyofstartingschoolforgirls.【答案】27.B28.D29.D30.C【解析】本文主要介紹了中國(guó)現(xiàn)代和古代開學(xué)都在九月，而且教育歷來(lái)備受重視。27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Parentsareallexcitedbecausetheirkidsaregoingbacktoschool.There’snothingbetterthanthis.Lookingbackattheonlineclassperiod,whatwokeuptheparentseverymorningwasnottheiralarms,buttheirkids’ingonlineclasses”（父母?jìng)兌己芘d奮，因?yàn)樗麄兊暮⒆右貙W(xué)校了。沒(méi)有比這更好的了。回顧網(wǎng)課時(shí)期，每天早上叫醒父母的不是他們的鬧鐘，而是他們孩子即將到來(lái)的網(wǎng)課）可推知家長(zhǎng)們?cè)诤⒆泳W(wǎng)課期間很累，故選B。28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Atthesametime,theparentshadtopayfullattentiontotheirkidsbecausethere’snodifferencebetweengivingakidanelectronicproductand”可知在網(wǎng)課期間父母必須充分關(guān)注他們的孩子，因?yàn)楹⒆邮治针娮赢a(chǎn)品，一不注意就會(huì)玩電子產(chǎn)品。所以D選項(xiàng)“派美猴王去看守蟠桃園”符合，因?yàn)槊篮锿蹩词伢刺覉@一定會(huì)偷吃桃子。故選D。29.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenSeptemberes,thenewtermbegins.”可知現(xiàn)代學(xué)生開學(xué)時(shí)間是在九月，而古代學(xué)生的開學(xué)也是從九月的白露開始，所以這很巧，可推測(cè)coincidence意為“巧合”。故選D。30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“EducationhasplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofChina’ssociety.Nowadays,Chinahasprovidednineyearfreeeducationforeachchild,andallthekidshaveafairchancetoenterschool.”和“Theceremonyofstartingschoolwasabigthing.Itshowedeveryone’sbestwishesforakid.”可知從古代中國(guó)到現(xiàn)在，教育一直受到重視。故選C。Passage3（2023·湖北荊門）WhenXiongChuanfa,34,blowsalifeliketigeroutofsugarinjustminutes,thinkingheisamagician.Xionghasbeenblowingsugarfigurines（吹糖人）fortwentyyears.BlowingsugarfigurinesisaChinesetraditionalfolkartwithahistoryofover600yearsandhasbeenlistedasastatelevelintangibleculturalheritage（非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)）.Everymorning,XiongpreparesthesugaranddrivestodifferentmarketsinNanchangtostarthismagicshow.Heheatsthesugar,pullsoffalittletomakeaballandblowsitintodifferentshapes—arabbit,amonkey,andevenBingDwenDwen,themascotoftheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.Howeverbusyheis,heoftensparestimetodropbycollegestomakeyoungpeopleknowmoreaboutthefolkart.Manycollegestudentshavebeendrawn（吸引）totheart.Simon,aforeignstudent,hefounditdifficulttomakeit.ThankstoXiong’shelp,Simonfinallysawahorseslowlytakingshape.Simonwasdeeplymovedafterlearningabouttheart.“Ijustcan’tbelievethetraditionalfolkartcanbekeptsowellhere.Iloveit.Chinesecultureshouldbespreadaroundtheworld,”hesaid.Thisarthasbeenpasseddownforfourgenerations（代）inXiong’sfamily.His6yearoldsonoftenblowssugarballoons,justlikewhatheusedtodoasachild.“Wewillpassontheintangibleheritage,”saidXiong.8.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatXiongChuanfabeganblowingsugarfigurinesattheageof________.A.6 B.14 C.20 D.349.WhichofthefollowingcanbethepossiblereasonforXiongChuanfatovisitcolleges?A.Tohelpyoungpeoplelearndrawingskills.B.Tosellhissugarfigurines.C.Todrawyoungpeopleclosertothefolkart.D.Toshowhismagicskills.10.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninfer（推斷）thatSimonwillmostprobably________.A.learnmoreaboutChinesecultureB.offerXiongahelpinghandinclassC.stayinChinatoblowsugarfigurinesD.blowperfectsugarfigurinesnexttime11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.XiongandHisFolkArtofSweetBlowB.TheHistoryofBlowingSugarFigurinesC.Xiong’sFamilyandSugarFigurineSkillsD.AGuideandtheIntangibleHeritages【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.A【解析】本文介紹了吹糖人這種傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)，講述了熊傳發(fā)吹糖人的過(guò)程。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“WhenXiongChuanfa,34”和“Xionghasbeenblowingsugarfigurines（吹糖人）fortwentyyears.”可知熊傳發(fā)今年34歲，他吹糖人已經(jīng)20年了，所以他14歲開始吹糖人，故選B。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Howeverbusyheis,heoftensparestimetodropbycollegestomakeyoungpeopleknowmoreaboutthefolkart.Manycollegestudentshavebeendrawn（吸引）totheart.”可知熊傳發(fā)抽出時(shí)間來(lái)參觀大學(xué)，是為了讓年輕人更多地了解民間藝術(shù)。故選C。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Iloveit.Chinesecultureshouldbespreadaroundtheworld”可知他認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)文化應(yīng)該廣為傳播，所以他最可能要更多了解中國(guó)文化，故選A。11.最佳標(biāo)題題。本文介紹了吹糖人這種傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)，講述了熊傳發(fā)吹糖人的過(guò)程，所以A選項(xiàng)符合，故選A。Passage4（2023·湖北宜昌）ZhiNongwasborninasmalltowninYunnanProvince.Whenhewasyoung,hemovedtoKunmingwithhismother.Feelinglikeacaged(籠中的)birdinbigcity,hewasboredwiththebusyandnoisycitylifeandlookedforwardtonature.Hischancesooncame.In1983,hehelpedshootadocumentaryaboutbirds.Thatexperienceledhimtolearnphotographyandtakephotosofflyingbirds.Inthe1980s,theInternetwasnotthatpopularinChinaandcameraswereexpensive.Hemanagedtoborrowacameraandthrewhimselfintostudyinghowtouseit.Duringthattime,thelibrarybecamehisfavoriteplacewherehefirstreadsomemagazinesaboutnature.Itopenedadoorforhimtoconnectwithnature.In1992,aresearchprogramwasorganizedtoprotectatypeofunusualmonkeyswhichonlyliveinChina.Usuallythehomeofthesemonkeyshashalfayearlongwinters.ItcreatedgreatchallengesforZhiNong’swork,butheneverdrewback.“Ididn’tseethemonkeysinthewilduntilIwentintothemountainsthethirdtime,”saidZhiNong.Hewentintothesnowmountainssixtimesjusttogetvaluablephotographsofthemonkeys.Threeyearslater,hisworkswoninternationalprizes.PeoplearoundtheworldbegantopayattentiontotheprotectionofwildanimalsinChina.AndheisthefirstChinesewinneroftheworldWildlifePhotographeroftheYear.Inordertocalluptonsofpeopletoprotectwildlifewithcameras,hestarted“ChinaWildlifePhotographyTrainingCamp”.Hehopesthatmoreyoungpeoplewilljoininforthenatureprotection.31.WhatcanwelearnaboutZhiNongfromParagraph1?A.Hefeltlikeafreebird B.Hewassatisfiedwiththecitylife.C.HewasborninKunming. D.Hewouldliketoliveinthenature.32.WhichistherightorderofZhiNong’sexperience?a.Hewonsomeprizesintheworld.b.Hejoinedinshootingadocumentary.c.Hetooksomepicturesofmonkeys.d.Hesetupacamptotrainphotographers.Aabcd B.bcad C.cadb D.dabc33.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“drewback”meaninParagraph4?A.Gaveup. B.Grewup. C.Setout. D.Puton.34.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Adiary. B.Asurvey. C.Amagazine. D.aguidebook.35.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.APhotographer’sWayofProtectingNatureB.ADoorbetweenMagazinesandNatureC.DifficultiesofTakingWildlifePhotosD.WorldAttentiontoAnimalProtection【答案】31.D32.B33.A34.C35.A【解析】本文介紹志農(nóng)野生動(dòng)物拍照經(jīng)歷，呼吁人們保護(hù)自然。31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Feelinglikeacaged(籠中的)birdinbigcity,hewasboredwiththebusyandnoisycitylifeandlookedforwardtonature.”可知志農(nóng)對(duì)繁忙吵鬧的城市生活厭倦了，期待自然。故選D。32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hischancesooncame.In1983,hehelpedshootadocumentaryaboutbirds.”可知1983年他拍攝鳥類紀(jì)錄片，根據(jù)“In1992,aresearchprogramwasorganizedtoprotectatypeofunusualmonkeyswhichonlyliveinChina.”可知1992年拍攝的猴子，根據(jù)“Threeyearslater,hisworkswoninternationalprizes.”可知三年后，也就是1995年，獲得國(guó)際大獎(jiǎng)，根據(jù)“Inordertocalluptonsofpeopletoprotectwildlifewithcameras,hestarted‘ChinaWildlifePhotographyTrainingCamp’.”可知得獎(jiǎng)之后建立的中國(guó)野生動(dòng)物攝影訓(xùn)練營(yíng)，因此正確順序是bcad。故選B。33.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)“Ididn’tseethemonkeysinthewilduntilIwentintothemountainsthethirdtime,”可知面對(duì)困難沒(méi)有退縮，與giveup同義。故選A。34.推理判斷題。本文是人物故事，最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志上。故選C。35.最佳標(biāo)題。根據(jù)“Hehopesthatmoreyoungpeoplewilljoininforthenatureprotection.”和全文可知本文介紹了攝影人保護(hù)自然的故事。故選A。Passage5（2023·江蘇連云港）Manyofushaveseenrainbowsintheskyoncethesunstartsshiningagainafteritrains.Forustoseearainbow,theconditionsneedtobejustright.Weneedsomewaterdropsintheair,likerainorevenfog,andweneedthesuntobebehindusandquitelowtotheground.Thisisbecausearainbowiscreatedbylightpassingthroughwaterdrops.Thelightthatesfromthesunseemswhitetous.Butthewhitelightweseeismadeupofamixofdifferentcolors.Whenthelightgoesthrougharaindrop,thesecolorscanseparateout.Eachofthecolorsintherainbowhasadifferent“wavelength”(波長(zhǎng)).Raindropslooklikelittleballs.Whenlighthitsoneoftheselittleballsofwater,thelightcanchangedirection.Wecallthis“refraction”(折射).Eachofthedifferentwavelengthsisrefracteddifferently.Ifthelighthitstheraindropattherightplace,therefractionseparatesthewavelengthsoutintotheirdifferentcolors.Wearetaughttherearesevencolors:red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigoandviolet.Butthisisn’texactlytrue.Blueandgreenarenexttoeachotherintherainbow,whichiswhywecanseeturquoise(amixofblueandgreen).Brownisamixofredandgreen.Buttheyaren’tnexttoeachotherintherainbow,sowedon’tseethemmixtomakebrown.Wewouldneverseeblackandwhiteinarainbow.Blackiswhatweseewhenthere’snolightatall.Ontheotherhand,whiteisamixofallthecolorstogether.Whenlightisrefractedbyraindrops,itseparatesthewhitelightout,meaningitisnolongerwhite.37.Wecanseearainbowundertherightconditionsbecause________.A.theraindropsarelikelittleballs B.thelightgoesthroughraindropsC.thesunshineseemstobecolorful D.theweatherisfoggyafteritrains38.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowaboutthecolorsintherainbow?A.Theycanbeebrownorblack. B.Thereareonlysevencolorsinall.C.Theymixtomakethewhitelight. D.Theirownplacescanbechanged.39.Whichpartofamagazinemaythispassagebetakenfrom?A.Science. B.Health. C.Culture. D.Fashion.40.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howarethecolorsreceivedintherainbow?B.Whencanthecolorsturnblueintherainbow?C.Whichcolorsaren’tcoveredwithlightintherainbow?D.Whycan’twefindwhite,blackandbrownintherainbow?【答案】37.B38.C39.A40.D【解析】本文主要介紹了彩虹的形成以及對(duì)彩虹顏色知識(shí)的科普。37.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thisisbecausearainbowiscreatedbylightpassingthroughwaterdrops.”可知因?yàn)楣饩€穿過(guò)了雨滴，在合適的條件下，我們可以看到彩虹。故選B。38.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whenlightisrefractedbyraindrops,itseparatesthewhitelightout,meaningitisnolongerwhite.”（當(dāng)光線被雨滴折射時(shí)，它將白光分離出來(lái)，這意味著它不再是白色的。）可知彩虹的顏色混合在一起發(fā)出白光，故選C。39.推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹了彩虹的形成以及對(duì)彩虹顏色知識(shí)的科普，所以文章應(yīng)該來(lái)自雜志的科學(xué)部分，故選A。40.最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“Wearetaughttherearesevencolors:red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigoandviolet.Butthisisn’texactlytrue...Buttheyaren’tnexttoeachotherintherainbow,sowedon’tseethemmixtomakebrown.”和“Wewouldneverseeblackandwhiteinarainbow.”可知，我們被教導(dǎo)有七種顏色：紅、橙、黃、綠、藍(lán)、靛和紫，但是我們?cè)诓屎缰锌床灰?jiàn)白色，黑色和棕色，所以D選項(xiàng)符合，故選D。Passage6（2023·江蘇宿遷）Familyisveryimportantforeveryone,nomatterwhereyouarefrom.SoinbothEastandWest,peoplehavefestivalstocelebratefamilyreunions(團(tuán)聚).ThesefestivalsincludetheMidAutumnFestivalinChinaandThanksgivingDayintheUS.Howaretheycelebratedandwhatarethedifferences?Let’stakealook.SharingthemoonlightTheMidAutumnFestivalisthesecondmostimportanttraditionalfestivalinChinaaftertheSpringFestival.It’sonthe15thdayoftheeighthmonthofChineselunarcalendar.InancientChina,thedaywasconsideredasaharvestfestivalsincefruits,vegetablesandgrain(谷物)hadbeencollectedfromthefields.Allthefamilygottogetherandhadabigdinner.Theyateaspecialfestivalfoodmooncakesandenjoyedthefullmoon.Onthatday,themoonisfull.ThefullmoonisasymbolforfamilyreunionswhichmeantuanyuaninChinese.Nowpeoplealsocelebratethefestivalbygettingtogetherandhavingabigdinner.Whenitgetsdark,peoplelookupatthefullmoon,eatingmooncakesandmissingfriendsandrelativeswhoarefarfromhome.“Wewisheachotheralonglifesoastosharethebeautyofthisgracefulmoonlight,eventhoughmilesapart!”wroteSuShi,afamousSongDynastypoet.ShowingthanksThanksgivingDayisoneofthebiggestholidaysintheUS.It’sonthefourthThursdayofNovember.Peoplevisittheirfriendsandrelativestoremindthemselvesthattheyareluckytohavehappiness,healthandfamilyandalsotohavearoofovertheirheads.In1621,about100Englishpeopletookaship,theMayflower,andarrivedinthenortheasternUS.Thewintertherewasverycoldandlifewashard.AstheAmericanIndianshelpedthemalot,theEnglishpeopleaskedthemtohaveabigmealwiththeninordertoexpresstheirthanks.Thecelebrationlastedforthreedays.Today,peopleusuallyhaveafamilymealonThanksgivingDay.Theyenjoydeliciousfoodsuchaspumpkinscornandabig,goldenturkey.Thereareothertraditionsontheday.Forexample,theturkeyhasaVshapedboneinthebreast.It’scalledawishbone.Afterroasting(烤),twopersonseachtakeoneendofthebone.Theymakeawishandthenpullit.Ifonegetsthelargerpartofthebone,heorshewillgetgoodluck.ThemostimportantpartofThanksgivingDayistosay“thanks”—thisisthespiritoftheholiday.PeoplealsoliketowatchtheThanksgivingDayParadeonTV.38.WhydidpeoplecelebratetheMidAutumnFestivalinancientChina?A.Becausepeoplecouldeatmooncakes.B.Becausepeopleenjoyedthefullmoon.C.Becausepeoplecouldgettogetherwithrelatives.D.Becausepeoplehadagoodharvestfromthefields.39Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“tohavearoofovertheirheads”inthepassageprobablymean?A.Tohavesomewheretolive. B.Tohavefoodtoeat.C.Tohavefriendstotalkto. D.Tohaveclothestowear.40.WhatisthespiritofThanksgivingDay?A.Topullthebone. B.ToplayAmericanfootball.C.Tosay“thanks”. D.TowatchtheParade.41.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?AThebackgroundtothetwofestivals. B.Theintroductiontothetwofestivals.C.Theactivitiesofthetwofestivals. D.Thecustomsofthetwofestivals.【答案】38.D39.A40.C41.B【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹中國(guó)和美國(guó)慶祝家庭團(tuán)聚的兩個(gè)節(jié)日——中秋節(jié)和感恩節(jié)。38.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“InancientChina,thedaywasconsideredasaharvestfestivalsincefruits,vegetablesandgrain(谷物)hadbeencollectedfromthefields.”可知，在中國(guó)古代，這一天被認(rèn)為是豐收的節(jié)日，因?yàn)樗?、蔬菜和谷物已?jīng)從田地里收集起來(lái)了。故選D。39.詞句猜測(cè)題。分析“Peoplevisittheirfriendsandrelativestoremindthemselvesthattheyareluckytohavehappiness,healthandfamilyandalsotohavearoofovertheirheads.”可知，人們拜訪他們的朋友和親戚來(lái)提醒自己，他們是幸運(yùn)的，擁有幸福，健康和家庭，也有一個(gè)屋頂在他們的頭上?！癶avearoofovertheirheads”的意思是“有地方住”，故選A。40.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThemostimportantpartofThanksgiving