Unit4SectionIIDiscoveringUsefulStructures導(dǎo)學(xué)案原卷版

必修一Unit4NATURALDISASTERS（學(xué)案）SectionIIDiscoveringUsefulStructures2022年課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)單元主題語(yǔ)境是人與自然，歸屬于“災(zāi)害防范”主題群，內(nèi)容涉及“中國(guó)唐山地震的不眠之夜”、“亞洲的海嘯”、“自然災(zāi)害的基本知識(shí)”等。旨在幫助學(xué)生了解自然災(zāi)害,樹(shù)立防災(zāi)意識(shí)，體會(huì)人與自然的關(guān)系，學(xué)會(huì)保護(hù)環(huán)境，保護(hù)自我。語(yǔ)言能力：能夠流利且正確讀出與自然災(zāi)害相關(guān)的詞匯，知道對(duì)應(yīng)的中文意思，并能夠運(yùn)用本單元所列重點(diǎn)詞匯表達(dá)與主題相關(guān)的信息或觀點(diǎn)；(2)了解常見(jiàn)定語(yǔ)從句類(lèi)型，學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分并初步使用限制性定語(yǔ)從句中連接詞that,which,who,whom,whose;了解新聞報(bào)道的語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)，標(biāo)題特征和語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)；能初步運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)，寫(xiě)出一篇文章的概要。文化意識(shí)：了解并認(rèn)識(shí)到，在自然災(zāi)害面前中國(guó)作為世界大國(guó)的擔(dān)當(dāng)與作為。自然災(zāi)害無(wú)國(guó)界，需要全世界人民共同應(yīng)對(duì)。3.思維品質(zhì)：能夠梳理出地震發(fā)生的前后信息，整合文章內(nèi)容，概括語(yǔ)篇大意；批判性地評(píng)價(jià)面對(duì)自然災(zāi)害的做法；4.學(xué)習(xí)能力：能夠通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，雜志等途徑，了解其他的自然災(zāi)害及應(yīng)對(duì)方法。【預(yù)習(xí)感知】①I(mǎi)willsendyouaChineseEnglishbookwhich/thatcontainssomeknowledgeaboutChinesecalligraphy.②Thestorybeganwithayoungmotherwho/thathadthreesonsinabigcity.③Hedecidedtomakethesameachievementashisfatherdid.④MyfavoriteoneismyChineseteacherwhom/whoImetwhenIwasinjuniorschool.⑤IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiana.⑥Thisistheschoolwhich/thatwevisitedyesterday.句子中的黑體單詞引導(dǎo)________________，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“________________________________”。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。which指物，可在從句中作主語(yǔ)，如句_______；作賓語(yǔ)，如句________；who指人，可在從句中作主語(yǔ)，如句________、作賓語(yǔ)如句________或表語(yǔ)；whom只作賓語(yǔ)，如句________可用who代替；that可指人，也可指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；whose后接名詞作定語(yǔ)，如句________;as指物，可在從句中作主語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)如句________。一、基本概念在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)的句子叫作定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有兩類(lèi)：關(guān)系代詞(who，whom，that，which，whose等)和關(guān)系副詞(when，where，why)。定語(yǔ)從句一般放在它所修飾的名詞、代詞或整個(gè)主句之后，被修飾或限制的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。二、關(guān)系代詞的用法先行詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中所作成分人who主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whom賓語(yǔ)that主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whose定語(yǔ)物that主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)which主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whose定語(yǔ)（一）關(guān)系代詞的基本用法1．that可指人或物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；不可置于介詞后作賓語(yǔ)。Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsago?2．which指物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主語(yǔ))在桌子上的那本書(shū)是我父親買(mǎi)的。3．who，whom，whose(1)who主格，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，只可指人。Doyouknowthemanwho/thatistalkingwithyourmother?Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsetdownyournames,please.Thisisthepersonwho/whom/thatyoushouldthankforhelpingyourson.(2)whom賓格，在從句中只能作賓語(yǔ)；只可指人。Look,herearesomepeoplewho/whom/thatIwantyoutomeet.(3)whose表所屬關(guān)系，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。譯為某人的，某物的。Iprefertheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.我喜歡那間窗戶(hù)朝南的房間。Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.[溫馨提示]whose指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替：Hevolunteeredtojoinintheactivitywhoseaimistohelpthosewhoareintrouble.＝Hevolunteeredtojoinintheactivity，theaimofwhichistohelpthosewhoareintrouble.＝Hevolunteeredtojoinintheactivity，ofwhichtheaimistohelpthosewhoareintrouble.他自愿參加那項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，活動(dòng)的目標(biāo)是幫助那些陷入困境的人。(二)關(guān)系代詞的辨析1）只能用that，不能用which的情況1．先行詞是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代詞或先行詞被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等詞修飾。Allthepeoplethatefromthecountryworkmuchharder.所有來(lái)自農(nóng)村的人工作都更努力得多。2．先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、theonly，thevery，thelast等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常只用that，不用which。ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasCities.我讀的第一本英文小說(shuō)是《城市》。ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverseen.這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最激動(dòng)人心的足球比賽之一。Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.這是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。3．先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that，不用which。Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.我們所有人都?xì)J佩你告訴我的那位科學(xué)家和他所取得的成就。TheforeignvisitorsspokehighlyofthepioneersandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren'sPalace.外國(guó)游客高度贊揚(yáng)了他們?cè)谏倌陮m所看到的少先隊(duì)員以及他們的表演。4．句中其他位置已出現(xiàn)which，為避免重復(fù)，不用which而用that引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句。Whichisthecarthathasovertakenus?超過(guò)我們的是哪輛車(chē)？①這是我參觀過(guò)的最漂亮的公園。ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhavevisited.②我們常常談起我們記得的那些人和事。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.③我已找到昨天丟的鋼筆。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.2)只用which，不能用that的情況1．在介詞提前到關(guān)系代詞之前形成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)修飾表事物的先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞必須用which。IsthisthehouseinwhichShakespearewasborn?這是莎士比亞出生的房子嗎？Thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking.這是老師正在談及的那本參考書(shū)。2．先行詞為“those＋表事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常只用which而不用that。Studentsshouldkeepinmindthoseregulationswhichrestricttheirbehavior.學(xué)生應(yīng)牢記那些規(guī)范自己的行為準(zhǔn)則。Abookshopshoulddealwithavarietyofthosebestsellerswhicharenewlypublished.書(shū)店應(yīng)該經(jīng)營(yíng)新出版的各種暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)。3．當(dāng)先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that。①ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbeeashoeshop.②Haveyoueverreadthebook,whichwaswrittenbyayounggirl?3)只用who/whom，不能用that的情況先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)且直接跟在介詞后時(shí)，只能用whom引導(dǎo)，且不可省略。Thisisthevoluntaryteacherfromwhomwe’velearnedalot.這就是我們從他那里學(xué)到了很多知識(shí)的支教老師。三、使用定語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng)1．關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。Thosewhoareover45yearsoldwon’tbepermittedtogointothehall.超過(guò)45歲的人不允許進(jìn)入大廳。[溫馨提示]“oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“theonlyoneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.這是查爾斯·狄更斯所寫(xiě)的書(shū)的其中一本。Heistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhohaslearnedtoplaygolf.他是我們班里唯一一個(gè)學(xué)過(guò)打高爾夫球的男孩。2．為避免關(guān)系詞的重復(fù)，被關(guān)系代詞所代替的成分不可在從句中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。Thisistheapartmentwhichheboughtlastyear.(bought后不可加it)這就是他去年買(mǎi)的那所公寓?！究偨Y(jié)感悟】構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．（2023上·黑龍江·高一黑龍江實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)?？计谥校〩estillrememberedtheplacesandpersonshevisitedthere.2．（2023上·江蘇泰州·高一靖江高級(jí)中學(xué)?？计谥校㏕hisistheverybookhasgoodmapsshowingdetailsofworldgeography.3．（2023上·江蘇揚(yáng)州·高一統(tǒng)考期中）Tomworkedonthemostbeautifulfarmwevisitedtheotherday.4．（2023上·江蘇·高一江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中）Atruefriendshipcarriesalonghistoryofexperiencedetermineswhoweareandkeepsusconnected.5．（2023上·河北秦皇島·高一秦皇島一中校考期中）Jordan’sskillswereimpressive,butthementalstrengthheshowedmadehimunique.6．（2023上·河北秦皇島·高一秦皇島一中?？计谥校㏕heBoysandGirlsClubhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.7．（2023上·河北秦皇島·高一秦皇島一中校考期中）TheteamLangPinghadbuiltwasfallingapart.8．（2023上·廣西河池·高一校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）Obviously,anychildreceivespatientteachingoveralongperiodislikelytoimprove.9．（2023上·新疆喀什·高一校聯(lián)考期末）Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeoplewereasleep.10．（2023上·全國(guó)·高一期中）Fortheconsumers,itcansavesometimeforthepeopledon’thavemuchsparetime.11．LiBaiwasaChinesepoetpraisedfromhisowndaytothepresentasaromanticfiguretooktraditionalpoeticformstonewheights.12．（2023上·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·高一統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí)）ThemanwithyoushookhandsjustnowisourEnglishteacher.13．Isthisthemanyoutalkedaboutyesterday?14．IgotintouchwithMichaelIhavebeenlosingcontactwithforoneyear.15．TherearesomeathletesIwantyoutomeet.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)16．（2023上·新疆喀什·高一校聯(lián)考期末）Thechildrenparentscouldnotbefoundwerelookedafterbyneighborsandfriends.17．（2023上·江蘇南京·高一校聯(lián)考期中）ThesestudentsparentshaveetoChinaforbusinessliketheschoolverymuch.18．（2023上·新疆伊犁·高一奎屯市第一高級(jí)中學(xué)?？计谥校〢tfirstsightIdidn’trecognizetheboyhairwasdyedred.19．（2023上·福建廈門(mén)·高一廈門(mén)一中校考期中）Hisfatherworksinapanynamealwaysappearsinthelocalnewspapers.20．（2023上·江蘇泰州·高一靖江高級(jí)中學(xué)?？计谥校㊣tissuchaheavyrocknoonecanlift.21．Judgingfrommyownexperience,IwanttosayafewwordstothosewhohavethesametroubleIhave.22．Wedothesameworktheydo.23．Heissuchagoodboyeveryonelikes.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)24．（2023上·江蘇泰州·高一靖江高級(jí)中學(xué)?？计谥校℡esterdayIcameacrossthemanaboutyoutalkedlasttime.25．（2023上·江蘇揚(yáng)州·高一統(tǒng)考期中）Wewanttobuyabookofthethemeisaboutbiology.26．（2023上·江蘇南京·高一校聯(lián)考期中）DoyouknowtheboytoIspokejustnow?27．（2023上·四川成都·高一成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校?？茧A段練習(xí)）Itcanbeconfusingtoeacrosssentencesinthesamewordshavegotdifferentmeanings.28．（2023上·江蘇揚(yáng)州·高一統(tǒng)考期中）ItwasFridaythespeechwasdeliveredinourschool.29．IwillneverforgetthoseyearsIlivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,hasagreateffectonmylife.30．TonywillneverforgetthesedaysshelivedinChinawithhermother,hasagreateffectonherlife.31．Ibelievethetimewillsoonetherewillbenowarsintheworld.32．（2023上·江蘇泰州·高一靖江高級(jí)中學(xué)?？计谥校㊣willneverforgetsuchabeautifulvillageIspentmychildhoodwithmygrandparents.33．（2023上·江蘇揚(yáng)州·高一統(tǒng)考期中）Mr.Foxsaidhelikedtheatmosphereeverybodycanhaveafreechat.34．（2023上·廣西河池·高一校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）Let’svisittheForbiddenCity,artcollectionsarebroughttogetherinoneimpressivemuseum.35．（2023上·黑龍江哈爾濱·高一哈師大附中?？茧A段練習(xí)）DoyouthinkEnglishisalanguagesomephrasesareconfusinganddifficultforbeginners?36．（2023上·福建廈門(mén)·高一廈門(mén)一中?？计谥校㏕herearetwomainreasonsIthinkit’sthebestsolution.37．Doyouknowthereasonhewaslateforthemeetingyesterday?Yes,butIdon’tthinkthereasonhetoldmeisreasonable.38．Idon’tknowthereasonDavidhasrefusedtoseeme.39．Idon’tknowthereasonyouwereabsentfromthemeeting,butI’msurethatsomeonewilltellmethereasonyouhaven’ttoldme.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．（2023上·四川綿陽(yáng)·高一四川省綿陽(yáng)南山中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）Thereasonwhyshewasverysadwasthatherpetwaskilledinanaccident.（仿寫(xiě)）(Pleasegivesomeadvicetoyourfriendwhowantstoloseweight.)(按要求仿寫(xiě))2．Wefoundoutthereason.Manyyoungpeopledon’thaveenoughsleepforthisreason.Wefoundoutthereason.4．Thereasonisn'tbelievable.Hedidn'tetoschoolforthat.（用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句合并句子）→5．Tomcamelateforthemeetingbecausehewasill.(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)→Tomwasill.hecamelateforthemeeting.→Tomcamelateforthemeeting.hewasill.→Tomcamelateforthemeetinghewasill.6．ThereasonisthatIwanttoimprovemyspokenEnglish.Iwanttoapplyfortheposition.(合并為定語(yǔ)從句)7．Accidentsoftenhappen.Thereasonisthatpeopledon’talwaysobeythetrafficrules.(用定語(yǔ)從句合為一句)8．將下列兩句話(huà)合并成含有關(guān)系副詞的定語(yǔ)從句Canyoutellmethereason?Youwerelateforschoolforthereason.9．Ican’tfigureoutthereason.Heleftforthereason.(合并為定語(yǔ)從句)Ican’tfigureoutthereasonheleft.10．①Climatechangeisthereason.②Manynaturaldisastershappenforthisreason.(合并為含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)真題感知1.（2024浙江1月卷）Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities

—theypricegoodsintheway_________willmakethemthemostmoney.2.（2023全國(guó)乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewelesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21stcenturyarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.3.（2021新高考II卷）IdecidedthatifIlearnedofapany___________usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback._________4.（2021北京卷）Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything___________happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.5.（2021浙江1月卷）BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool___________givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.6.（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies___________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.7.（2020新高考卷）The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecor