Unit+1+Back+to+school+Grammar+and+usage高中英語(yǔ)譯林版(2020)必修第一冊(cè)

Grammarsentencesstart!主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)（S+linkV+P）主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）（S+Vi）主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）

＋賓語(yǔ)（S+Vt+O）主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)+間賓+直賓（S+Vt+O1+O2）

主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)＋補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（S+Vt+O+OC）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（S+Link.V+P），說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征、類(lèi)屬、狀態(tài)、身份。Youarestudents.Weareintheclassroom.Wearegoodfriends,aren’twe?Type1.主語(yǔ)（subject）:Thesunrisesintheeast.

Helikesdancing. Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory. Exercisingisagoodhabit.Toseeistobelieve.句子說(shuō)明的人或物,常位于句首。（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（動(dòng)名詞）（不定式）用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，一般有be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are,was,were,been,being）

Heisateacher.其它系動(dòng)詞：狀態(tài)：seem,appear,prove---感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look---變化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow---

持續(xù)：remain,stay,keep,continue系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)（predicative）:Heisateacher.Ihaveacake，canyoutasteit.Fiveandfiveisten.

Heiskind.系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。（名詞）（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（形容詞）Jackisabrightboy.Hewasdisappointedattheresultoftheexamination.Theroomdoesn’tlookbigenough.Hisdreamhasfinallycometrue.Histheoryprovedcorrect.

主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不及物動(dòng)詞) Shecame．/Nobodywent.主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)＋賓語(yǔ)

ShelikesEnglish.Type2&3簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwochildren.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tlikedancing謂語(yǔ)（predicate）（動(dòng)詞）V.說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征,常位于主語(yǔ)后。不及物動(dòng)詞vi.后不接賓語(yǔ)，且無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及物動(dòng)詞后vt.必須接賓語(yǔ)。IlikeChina..Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theydecidedtoleavenow.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Areyouafraidofthesnake?（名詞）

(

代詞）(數(shù)詞)賓語(yǔ)

動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，常置于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（句子）（名詞）（名詞）主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)(雙賓語(yǔ))ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtmeabook.主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.Type4&5雙賓語(yǔ)即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ).直接賓語(yǔ)指物或事,間接賓語(yǔ)指人或動(dòng)物.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓間接賓語(yǔ)↓直接賓語(yǔ)●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：give，buy，show,send,lend,pass,tell，leave,teach等找句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)①Pleasetellusastory.

②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.

③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.

④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.

⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Wewillmakethem

happy.Shealwayskeepsherhair

short.補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況，與賓語(yǔ)存在邏輯關(guān)系。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：keep,make,let,have等.↓賓語(yǔ)↓賓補(bǔ)②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

I

met

mybest

friend

atthestation↓主語(yǔ)↓謂語(yǔ)↓定語(yǔ)↓賓語(yǔ)↓狀語(yǔ)

定語(yǔ)（attributive）對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常翻譯成‘……的’。Theblackbikeismine.()Mr.Liisahistoryteacher.

Heisourfriend.

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（名詞）（代詞）（形容詞）（定語(yǔ)從句）*當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如：nothing,anything,everything,something

等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ)。定義：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)。單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的名詞之_____；短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在它所修飾的名詞之_____。前后狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句,位置靈活。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步.1.修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；2.表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，3.一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。Weoftenhelphim.

Iamverysorry.At8,Iatemybreakfast.=Iatemybreakfastat8狀語(yǔ)：Iwillgotheretomorrow.時(shí)間 Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.地點(diǎn)Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.原因HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.目的Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.結(jié)果Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.程度Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam. 條件Hegoestoschoolbybike.方式Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.讓步

Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)1、定義：Therebe句型表示某處存在某物或某人。2、結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)Thereis+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).(2)Thereare+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).*

there是引導(dǎo)詞，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。句子的主語(yǔ)是某人或某物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be要與主語(yǔ)（某人或某物）的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與跟它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致（就近原則）。①Thereisabirdinthetree.

樹(shù)上有一只鳥(niǎo)。②Thereisateacherandmanystudentsinourclassroom.

我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。

Ⅰ.簡(jiǎn)單句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)??主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecargotfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice?

?主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.don't

B.like

C.picture

D.wall2.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.Do

B.usually

C.go

D.bus3.Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.willbe

B.meeting

C.thelibrary

D.afternoon4.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.people

B.allovertheworld

C.speak

D.English

句子類(lèi)型簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句Ⅰ.簡(jiǎn)單句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)??主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbut

soHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句Ⅲ.復(fù)合句Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.狀語(yǔ)從句分為九類(lèi)：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因狀語(yǔ)從句AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because,as,since4)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句IwasinthebathsothatIdidn’thearthetelephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,suchthat,that

5)目的狀語(yǔ)從句I’llshowyousoyouwillseehowit’sdone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,inorderthat6)條件狀語(yǔ)從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat…常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：though,although,ifevenif,eventhough,7)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句ThoughI’mfondofmusic,Ican’tplayanyinstrument.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,asif,asthough,how常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,asfaras,solongas8)方式狀語(yǔ)從句Hedidjustasyoutoldhim.9)程度狀語(yǔ)從句Solongasyouneedme,I’llstay.Homework1.復(fù)習(xí)今天所學(xué)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)2.自行復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句的內(nèi)容(必修三)3.看試卷,做相應(yīng)知識(shí)點(diǎn).名詞性從句1)主語(yǔ)從句*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain.*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!

2）表語(yǔ)從句*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.

*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplaceher?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.3)賓語(yǔ)從句*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.

*Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.4)同位語(yǔ)從句*WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldn’tcome?*Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.*Mothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuymeanewcoat.theideaThequestionapromise注意！*that與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。*what在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份（主,賓,表）。*That在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成份。*that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可省略（賓語(yǔ)從句除外）.Thatiswhathewantstobuy.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Hesaid(that)hedidn’tlikeher.引導(dǎo)詞that&what

狀語(yǔ)從句分為九類(lèi)：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,after,before,since,ti