Unit+1+Back+to+school+Grammar+and+usage高中英語譯林版(2020)必修第一冊

Grammarsentencesstart!主語＋系動詞＋表語（S+linkV+P）主語＋謂語（不及物動詞）（S+Vi）主語＋謂語（及物動詞）

＋賓語（S+Vt+O）主語＋謂語+間賓+直賓（S+Vt+O1+O2）

主語＋謂語＋賓語＋補(bǔ)語（S+Vt+O+OC）簡單句的五種基本句型主語+系動詞+表語（S+Link.V+P），說明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。Youarestudents.Weareintheclassroom.Wearegoodfriends,aren’twe?Type1.主語（subject）:Thesunrisesintheeast.

Helikesdancing. Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory. Exercisingisagoodhabit.Toseeistobelieve.句子說明的人或物,常位于句首。（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（動名詞）（不定式）用來表示主語狀態(tài)，一般有be動詞（am,is,are,was,were,been,being）

Heisateacher.其它系動詞：狀態(tài)：seem,appear,prove---感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look---變化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow---

持續(xù)：remain,stay,keep,continue系動詞表語（predicative）:Heisateacher.Ihaveacake，canyoutasteit.Fiveandfiveisten.

Heiskind.系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。（名詞）（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（形容詞）Jackisabrightboy.Hewasdisappointedattheresultoftheexamination.Theroomdoesn’tlookbigenough.Hisdreamhasfinallycometrue.Histheoryprovedcorrect.

主語＋謂語動詞(不及物動詞) Shecame．/Nobodywent.主語＋謂語動詞(及物動詞)＋賓語

ShelikesEnglish.Type2&3簡單謂語:由動詞或動詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwochildren.復(fù)合謂語:由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞構(gòu)成;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tlikedancing謂語（predicate）（動詞）V.說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征,常位于主語后。不及物動詞vi.后不接賓語，且無被動語態(tài)及物動詞后vt.必須接賓語。IlikeChina..Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theydecidedtoleavenow.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Areyouafraidofthesnake?（名詞）

(

代詞）(數(shù)詞)賓語

動作的對象或承受者，常置于及物動詞或介詞后（不定式）（動名詞）（句子）（名詞）（名詞）主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(雙賓語)ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtmeabook.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.Type4&5雙賓語即直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物或事,間接賓語指人或動物.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓間接賓語↓直接賓語●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.這類動詞常見的有：give，buy，show,send,lend,pass,tell，leave,teach等找句中的直接賓語和間接賓語①Pleasetellusastory.

②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.

③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.

④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.

⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?賓補(bǔ)：賓語補(bǔ)足語Wewillmakethem

happy.Shealwayskeepsherhair

short.補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況，與賓語存在邏輯關(guān)系。這類動詞常見的有：keep,make,let,have等.↓賓語↓賓補(bǔ)②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語

I

met

mybest

friend

atthestation↓主語↓謂語↓定語↓賓語↓狀語

定語（attributive）對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常翻譯成‘……的’。Theblackbikeismine.()Mr.Liisahistoryteacher.

Heisourfriend.

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（名詞）（代詞）（形容詞）（定語從句）*當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如：nothing,anything,everything,something

等時，定語要放在其后作后置定語。定義：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的名詞之_____；短語和從句作定語時則放在它所修飾的名詞之_____。前后狀語（adverbial）用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句,位置靈活。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步.1.修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；2.表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首，3.一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。Weoftenhelphim.

Iamverysorry.At8,Iatemybreakfast.=Iatemybreakfastat8狀語：Iwillgotheretomorrow.時間 Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.地點Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.原因HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.目的Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.結(jié)果Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.程度Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam. 條件Hegoestoschoolbybike.方式Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.讓步

Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)1、定義：Therebe句型表示某處存在某物或某人。2、結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)Thereis+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+地點狀語.(2)Thereare+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點狀語.*

there是引導(dǎo)詞，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。句子的主語是某人或某物，謂語動詞be要與主語（某人或某物）的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)主語是兩個或兩個以上的名詞時，謂語動詞要與跟它最近的那個名詞一致（就近原則）。①Thereisabirdinthetree.

樹上有一只鳥。②Thereisateacherandmanystudentsinourclassroom.

我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。

Ⅰ.簡單句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語??主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecargotfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice?

?主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.don't

B.like

C.picture

D.wall2.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.Do

B.usually

C.go

D.bus3.Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.willbe

B.meeting

C.thelibrary

D.afternoon4.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.people

B.allovertheworld

C.speak

D.English

句子類型簡單句并列句復(fù)合句Ⅰ.簡單句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語??主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbut

soHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.名詞性從句狀語從句定語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句Ⅲ.復(fù)合句Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.狀語從句分為九類：時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時間狀語從句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等2)地點狀語從句Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因狀語從句AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because,as,since4)結(jié)果狀語從句IwasinthebathsothatIdidn’thearthetelephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,suchthat,that

5)目的狀語從句I’llshowyousoyouwillseehowit’sdone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,inorderthat6)條件狀語從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat…常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：though,although,ifevenif,eventhough,7)讓步狀語從句ThoughI’mfondofmusic,Ican’tplayanyinstrument.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,asif,asthough,how常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,asfaras,solongas8)方式狀語從句Hedidjustasyoutoldhim.9)程度狀語從句Solongasyouneedme,I’llstay.Homework1.復(fù)習(xí)今天所學(xué)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)2.自行復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句的內(nèi)容(必修三)3.看試卷,做相應(yīng)知識點.名詞性從句1)主語從句*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain.*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!

2）表語從句*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.

*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplaceher?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.3)賓語從句*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.

*Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.4)同位語從句*WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldn’tcome?*Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.*Mothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuymeanewcoat.theideaThequestionapromise注意！*that與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。*what在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份（主,賓,表）。*That在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成份。*that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不可省略（賓語從句除外）.Thatiswhathewantstobuy.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Hesaid(that)hedidn’tlikeher.引導(dǎo)詞that&what

狀語從句分為九類：時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時間狀語從句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,after,before,since,ti