Unit2ExploringEnglish單元導(dǎo)學(xué)案高一英語(yǔ)

學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)講義授課日期及時(shí)段教學(xué)目標(biāo)新必修第一冊(cè)Unit2重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)名詞、形容詞、副詞短語(yǔ)句法功能+構(gòu)詞法教學(xué)內(nèi)容課堂導(dǎo)入課堂導(dǎo)入Ⅰ.匹配下列單詞的詞性及漢語(yǔ)意思()1.behavior A．n.警報(bào)器，鬧鐘()2.unique B．v.顯示，反映()3.alarm C．n.舉止，行為()4.reflect D．n.創(chuàng)造性，創(chuàng)造力()5.creativity E．a(chǎn)dj.獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，獨(dú)特的Ⅱ.選擇下列句中相應(yīng)詞組的漢語(yǔ)意思A．……的數(shù)量B．全世界C．例如D．一說(shuō)起E．向……外看F．燒光G．填充H．上發(fā)條()1.Forexample，IusedtobeafraidtobemyselfwhenImunicatewithanystranger.()2.Intheyearssincethen,peoplearoundtheworldhavesharedinmanyevents.()3.Theygaveeachofusaformtofillinbeforetheinterview.()4.Iwanttoburnupmorecaloriesthroughjogging!()5.Thereisnoneedforyoutowindupyourwatcheveryday.()6.Whenitestodietandexercise,weknowwhattodo,butwedon'tdowhatweknow.()7.“Whydon'tyoulookoutofthewindow？”sheaskedquitenaturally.()8.Thenumberofpeopleaskingtogothereisontheincrease.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~知識(shí)講解知識(shí)講解SectionⅡ必備句式背教材原句記句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫(xiě)促落實(shí)1.HaveyoueveraskedyourselfwhypeopleoftenhavetroublelearningEnglish？你是否曾問(wèn)過(guò)自己為什么人們經(jīng)常學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)很費(fèi)力？havetroubledoingsth.做某事費(fèi)力Wehadnotroublefindingyourhomewithyourclearinstructions.有了你清晰的說(shuō)明，我們毫不費(fèi)力地找到了你的家。2.ThisgotmethinkinghowEnglishcanbeacrazylanguagetolearn.這讓我一直在考慮英語(yǔ)學(xué)起來(lái)該是怎樣的一門(mén)瘋狂語(yǔ)言呢?！癵etsb./sth.doing”結(jié)構(gòu)Canyougetthatoldcargoingagain？你能讓那老爺車(chē)再跑起來(lái)嗎？3.Neitheristherepinenorappleinpineapple.菠蘿里既沒(méi)有松樹(shù)也沒(méi)有蘋(píng)果。neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句MydeskmatehasneverseenthemovieOperationRedSea.NeitherhaveI.我同桌還沒(méi)有看過(guò)電影《紅海行動(dòng)》，我也沒(méi)有。4.Thatiswhywhenthestarsareout,theyarevisible,butwhenthelightsareout，theyareinvisible.這就是為什么當(dāng)星星出來(lái)的時(shí)候，我們能看到它們；而當(dāng)燈熄滅的時(shí)候，我們看不到它們。That's＋why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句Helostthegameandthatwaswhyhedidn'tetoattendthecelebrationparty.他比賽失敗了，這也正是他沒(méi)來(lái)參加慶祝晚宴的原因。重點(diǎn)詞匯behaviorn．行為；舉止(教材P15)Ifharmlessactionsaretheoppositeofharmfulactions,whyareshamelessandshamefulbehaviorsthesame？如果無(wú)害的(harmless)動(dòng)作是有害的(harmful)動(dòng)作的反義詞，為什么shameless的行為和shameful的行為是一樣的呢？behavewell/badly 行為規(guī)矩/不好，行為檢點(diǎn)/不檢點(diǎn)； 表現(xiàn)好/不好behaveoneself 守規(guī)矩；有禮貌behaveasif... 舉止好像……behavetowards/to 對(duì)……的態(tài)度well-behavedadj. 行為端正的；乖乖的①Parentsworryabouttheeffectofmusicontheiradolescent'sbehavior.父母擔(dān)心音樂(lè)對(duì)青春期孩子的行為有影響。②Youshouldbehaveyourselfinaproperwayinpublic.你在公眾場(chǎng)合應(yīng)該守規(guī)矩。③Hehadadirty,ordinaryboy'sface,buthe___________(behave)asifhewereanadult.他有一張又臟又普通的小孩臉，但行為舉止卻像一個(gè)大人。④Don'tbesorude;thatisn'tanicewaytobehave___________youraunt!別這么粗魯，那樣對(duì)待你姑母是很惡劣的態(tài)度。(教材P15)Englishwasinventedbypeople，notputers,anditreflectsthecreativityofthehumanrace.英語(yǔ)是由人發(fā)明出來(lái)的，而不是電腦，它反映了人類(lèi)的創(chuàng)造性。(1)reflectv．顯示，反映；反射(聲音或者光)；思考寫(xiě)出下列各句中reflect的含義①Doessuchanattitudinalchangereflectrealexperiencesindailylife？反映②Peoplewholeadbusyliveshavenotimetostopandreflect.思考③Themusicroomhadbeenmadetoreflectanddeepensounds.反射(聲音)④Sheangledthemirrorsoastoreflectlightfromawindow.反射(光)(1)reflectsb./sth.(insth.) (在……中)映出某人/某物的影像reflecton/uponsth. 認(rèn)真思考；沉思(2)reflectionn. 映像；反射on/uponreflection 經(jīng)再三思考⑤BeforeIdecide，Ineedtimetoreflectontheproblem.在做決定之前，我需要時(shí)間認(rèn)真思考一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題。⑥Usuallyachild'sbehaviorisa___________(reflect)ofhisfamilyenvironment.通常一個(gè)孩子的表現(xiàn)是他家庭環(huán)境的反映。(2)creativityn．創(chuàng)造性；創(chuàng)造力；創(chuàng)作能力createv． 創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)作；造成，產(chǎn)生(印象)creationn. 創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)造物creativeadj. 創(chuàng)造性的，有創(chuàng)造力的；有創(chuàng)意的creatorn. 創(chuàng)作人；創(chuàng)作者；創(chuàng)始人inventv. 發(fā)明⑦Hernaturalcreativityandartistictalentmakeherhomearealshowstopper.她天生的創(chuàng)造力和藝術(shù)天賦讓她的家不同凡響，令人嘆服。⑧Languageisthemostimportantmentalcreationofman.語(yǔ)言是人類(lèi)頭腦最重要的產(chǎn)物。⑨___________(creat)anatmosphereinwhichemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.創(chuàng)造一種員工們感覺(jué)自己是團(tuán)隊(duì)里的一份子的氛圍是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。⑩She'svery___________(creat)—shewritespoetryandpaints.她極富創(chuàng)造力，既賦詩(shī)又作畫(huà)。句式(教材P14)HaveyoueveraskedyourselfwhypeopleoftenhavetroublelearningEnglish？你是否曾問(wèn)過(guò)自己為什么人們經(jīng)常學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)很費(fèi)力？【要點(diǎn)提煉】該句中含有havetroubledoingsth.結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“做某事費(fèi)力”。其中trouble為不可數(shù)名詞doing前面省略掉了in。表示“做某事有困難”的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：havedifficultywithsth.havetrouble/problem(in)doingsth.there'sdifficulty/troubleeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(withsth.,（in）doingsth.))①－DidyouhavetroublefindingAnn'shouse?——找到安的家費(fèi)力了嗎？－Notreally.Shehadgivenuscleardirectionsandwewereabletofinditeasily.——沒(méi)怎么費(fèi)力。她給了我們明確的方位，所以我們能容易地找到。②Youcan'timaginewhatgreatdifficultywehaveeverhad___________(deal)withtheproblems.你想象不到處理這些問(wèn)題我們費(fèi)了多大的勁。③Forme，thereisnodifficulty___________(finish)thetaskintwodays.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，兩天之內(nèi)完成這個(gè)任務(wù)沒(méi)有困難。(1)該結(jié)構(gòu)中trouble可用some，any，no，little等詞來(lái)修飾。(2)當(dāng)trouble作先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中have后常為doing形式。試比較：Youcan'timaginethetroublewehadgettingintouchwithhim.()Youcan'timaginethetroublewehadgotintouchwithhim.()(教材P15)Youalsohavetowonderattheuniquemadnessofalanguageinwhichahousecanburnupasitburnsdown...你也會(huì)不得不想知道一種語(yǔ)言的看似奇怪又有其獨(dú)特的道理，這樣的語(yǔ)言里一座房子可以burnsdown(被燒毀)也可以burnup(被燒毀)……(1)【要點(diǎn)提煉】本句中含有一個(gè)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其中asitburnsdown為狀語(yǔ)從句。(1)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，介詞的賓語(yǔ)只能用which或whom，且不能省略。(2)“名詞/不定代詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)＋of＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，表示所屬關(guān)系或整體與部分的關(guān)系。(常見(jiàn)代詞有some，any，few，little，none，all,both，neither，many，most，each等)①TradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichtheGreensaredevoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事業(yè)。②Heisworkingasanengineerinalargepany，themanagerofwhichisareturnee.他在一家大公司做工程師，這家公司的總經(jīng)理是一個(gè)海歸。③Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof________hasbeenproved.科學(xué)家們提出了很多關(guān)于人類(lèi)為什么哭泣時(shí)流淚的理論，這些理論尚未得到證實(shí)。④Manyyoungpeople,mostof_________werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年輕人都去了偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追求自己的夢(mèng)想，他們中大部分都受過(guò)良好的教育。(2)burnup燒完；燃燒能量；發(fā)燒；激怒；燒毀；火燒旺寫(xiě)出下列各句中burnup的含義⑤Fireshaveburnedup180，000acresofwoods.⑥You'reburningup─haveyouseenadoctor？⑦Putsomewoodonthefireandmakeitburnup.burnaway 繼續(xù)燃燒；逐漸燒完；燒光；燒毀burndown 全部焚毀；火勢(shì)減弱burnoff (晨霧等)消散；燒去；燙去；逐漸燒完burnoneselfout 耗盡精力；精疲力竭burnwith 被……充滿；被……所煎熬；急于⑧Theclothingonhisbackgotburntawayinthefire.他的衣服后背在大火中燒掉了。⑨Thehouseburneddownin1895.那房子在1895年燒毀了。⑩Burn___________theoldpaintbeforerepaintingthedoor.先把門(mén)上的舊漆燒掉，再刷新油漆。?Ifyouoftenburnthemidnightoil,you'llburnyourself___________．如果你經(jīng)常熬夜，你會(huì)精疲力盡的。長(zhǎng)難句1．(教材P14)ThisgotmethinkinghowEnglishcanbeacrazylanguagetolearn.【分析】此句為主從復(fù)合句。其中thisgotmethinking是主句；howEnglishcanbeacrazylanguagetolearn是由how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。主句中的gotmethinking是動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)；從句中的tolearn是動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。2．(教材P15)Thatiswhywhenthestarsareout,theyarevisible,butwhenthelightsareout,theyareinvisible.【分析】此句是并列復(fù)合句。主句部分是thatis；why引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。but連接兩個(gè)復(fù)合句；兩個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的句子是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。SectionⅢ重點(diǎn)詞匯bemadeupof由……組成(教材P17)Andsometimesawordismadeupofthefirstlettersofseveralwords...并且有時(shí)候一個(gè)單詞由幾個(gè)單詞的首字母組成……consistof 由……組成beposedof 由……組成bemadeof 由……材料制成bemadefrom 由……材料制成makeup 編造；化妝；組成；占比例makeupfor 彌補(bǔ)③Wecameintothisfieldlate,sowemustworkhardtomakeup___________thelosttime.我們涉足這一領(lǐng)域較晚，因此我們必須努力工作，把失去的時(shí)間補(bǔ)回來(lái)。④Futurebuildings,roads,andcitiesmaybemade___________garbage.將來(lái)的建筑物、公路和城市都可能用垃圾建造。bemadeupof，beposedof和consistof都是表示“由……組成”，但是consistof只能用主動(dòng)，不可用于被動(dòng)。bemadeof和bemadefrom都表示“由……材料制成”，區(qū)別在于后者看不出原材料。wouldrather寧愿；寧可(教材P18)AndtheAmericansfindtheBritishspelling“-re”doesnotmatchitspronunciation，sotheywouldratherspell-“re”as“-er”．并且美國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)英式拼寫(xiě)“-re”和他們的發(fā)音不匹配，所以他們寧愿把“-re”拼寫(xiě)成“-er”。(1)wouldratherdosth.thandosth.＝woulddosth.ratherthandosth.＝prefertodosth.ratherthandosth. 寧愿……，也不……(2)wouldrather(not)dosth. 寧愿(不)做某事(3)wouldrather＋從句eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(did（現(xiàn)在）,haddone（過(guò)去）))(4)ratherthan 而不是(5)orrather 更確切地說(shuō)Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthan___________(run)awayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.解決問(wèn)題的最好的方法是面對(duì)它們而不是逃避它們。IthinkIunderstandwhatyouaresaying，___________rather，Ifeelthetruthofit.我認(rèn)為我明白了你說(shuō)的，或者更確切地說(shuō)，我悟出了其中的真理。構(gòu)詞法語(yǔ)境自主領(lǐng)悟先觀察原句后自主感悟閱讀下列句子，并體會(huì)黑體部分的用法1.Forexample,inourfreetimewecansculptasculptureandpaintapainting.2.Whilewe'redoingallthistraveling,wecangetseasickatsea，airsickintheairandcarsickinacar,butwedon'tgethomesickwhenwegetbackhome.3.Andspeakingofhome，whyaren'thomeworkandhouseworkthesamething？4.Ifharmlessactionsaretheoppositeofharmfulactions,whyareshamelessandshamefulbehaviorsthesame？5.Whenwelookoutofthewindowandseerainorsnow，wecansay“it'sraining”or“it'ssnowing”.6.Whenyouseethecapitalized“WHO”inamedicalreport,doyoureaditasthe“who”in“Who'sthat？”Whatabout“IT”and“US”．1.在例句1中的“sculpture”和“painting”都是名詞，是動(dòng)詞“sculpt”和“paint”的派生詞，分別加了名詞后綴-ure和-ing。2.在例句2中，“seasick，airsick，carsick以及homesick”都是名詞加上了形容詞后綴-sick組成的派生詞。3.在例句3中，homework，housework分別是home，house加上work組成的合成詞。4.在例句4中“harmless和harmful”以及“shameless和shameful”都是由詞性為名詞的harm和shame加上了形容詞后綴-less或-ful組成的派生詞。5.在例句5中“rain”和“snow”在詞性上既可以作動(dòng)詞也可以作名詞。6.在例句6中“WHO”“IT”“US”都是縮略詞，和小寫(xiě)的who，it及us在讀音和意義上大不相同。語(yǔ)言的基本要素之一是詞匯。在語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的最初階段，人們使用的是少量而簡(jiǎn)單的詞，這些詞只表示日常簡(jiǎn)單的事物和概念，構(gòu)成語(yǔ)言中最基本的詞，稱(chēng)之為基本詞或詞根。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步，有限的原生詞已不夠用，人們便創(chuàng)造了一些新詞來(lái)表示新生的事物和概念。英語(yǔ)中構(gòu)詞法可以分為合成法、派生法、轉(zhuǎn)化法、截短法和縮略法。一、合成合成(pounding)：把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞合成一個(gè)新的單詞的構(gòu)詞法。以合成法構(gòu)成的單詞叫作合成詞，包括合成名詞、合成動(dòng)詞、合成形容詞、合成副詞等。1．合成名詞名詞＋名詞weekend周末名詞＋動(dòng)名詞handwriting書(shū)法名詞＋介詞＋名詞sister-in-law嫂子動(dòng)詞＋名詞typewriter打字機(jī) 動(dòng)名詞＋名詞reading-room閱覽室動(dòng)詞＋and＋動(dòng)詞hide-and-seek捉迷藏游戲現(xiàn)在分詞＋名詞flying-fish飛魚(yú)形容詞＋名詞freshman大一新生副詞＋動(dòng)詞outlook景色，風(fēng)光副詞＋名詞evergreen常青樹(shù)2．合成形容詞名詞＋形容詞blood-red血紅的名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞French-speaking講法語(yǔ)的名詞＋to＋名詞one-to-one一對(duì)一的名詞＋過(guò)去分詞man-made人造的數(shù)詞＋名詞one-way單行道的數(shù)詞＋名詞＋形容詞three-year-old三歲的數(shù)詞＋名詞＋edten-storeyed十層的數(shù)詞＋副詞one-off一次性的形容詞＋名詞high-quality高質(zhì)量的形容詞＋名詞＋ednoble-minded高尚的形容詞＋形容詞lightgreen淺綠色的形容詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-looking相貌一般的副詞＋形容詞evergreen常青的副詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working辛勤的副詞＋過(guò)去分詞well-known著名的副詞＋名詞fastfood專(zhuān)門(mén)提供快餐服務(wù)的介詞＋名詞indoor室內(nèi)的3．合成動(dòng)詞名詞＋動(dòng)詞sleep-walk夢(mèng)游形容詞＋動(dòng)詞white-wash粉刷(墻壁等)4．合成副詞形容詞＋名詞hotfoot匆忙地形容詞＋副詞everywhere到處副詞＋副詞however盡管如此介詞＋名詞beforehand事先介詞＋副詞forever永遠(yuǎn)5．合成代詞代詞賓格＋self/selvesherself她自己物主代詞＋self/selvesmyself我自己themselves他們自己ourselves我們自己形容詞＋名詞anything一切6．合成介詞副詞＋名詞outside在……外面介詞＋副詞within在……之內(nèi)副詞＋介詞into進(jìn)入二、派生派生(Derivation)：在一個(gè)詞根之前或之后加上某個(gè)詞綴來(lái)生成一個(gè)新詞的構(gòu)詞法，即稱(chēng)作派生法。加在詞根之前的詞綴叫作前綴，加在詞根之后的為后綴。1．前綴除少數(shù)英語(yǔ)前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，不改變?cè)~性。(1)表示否定意義的前綴常用的有dis-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，mis-，non-，un-等，在單詞的前面加這類(lèi)前綴常構(gòu)成與該詞意義相反的新詞。例如：agree同意→disagree不同意fair公平的→unfair不公平的possible可能的→impossible不可能的understand理解→misunderstand誤解(2)表示其他意義的前綴常用的有a-(多構(gòu)成表語(yǔ)形容詞),anti-(反對(duì)；抵抗),auto-(自動(dòng)),co-(共同),en-(使),inter-(互相),re-(再；又),sub-(下面的；次；小),tele-(強(qiáng)調(diào)距離)等。例如：co-worker同事，幫手enlarge使變大cooperate合作rewrite重寫(xiě)subway地鐵2．后綴后綴通常會(huì)改變單詞的詞性，構(gòu)成意義相近的其他詞性；少數(shù)后綴還會(huì)改變?cè)~義，變?yōu)榕c原來(lái)詞義相反的新詞。下面僅作簡(jiǎn)單介紹。(1)構(gòu)成名詞的后綴常用的有-ence，-(e)r/-or(從事某事的人)，-ese(某地人)，-ess(雌性)，-ian(精通……的人)，-ist(專(zhuān)業(yè)人員)，-ment(性質(zhì)；狀態(tài))，-ness(性質(zhì)；狀態(tài))，-tion(動(dòng)作；過(guò)程)等。例如：differ不同于→difference區(qū)別write寫(xiě)→writer作家China中國(guó)→Chinese中國(guó)人act表演→actress女演員music音樂(lè)→musician音樂(lè)家(2)構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的后綴常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容詞之后)，-fy(使……化)，-ize(使……成為)。例如：wide→widen加寬beauty→beautify美化pure→purify提純r(jià)eal→realize意識(shí)到organ→organize組織sharp→sharpen使變鋒利(3)構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某國(guó)人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名詞后)，-ern(方向的)，-ese(某國(guó)人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less(表示否定)，-like(像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天氣)等。例如：nature自然→natural自然的reason道理→reasonable有道理的America美國(guó)→American美國(guó)的China中國(guó)→Chinese中國(guó)人的gold金子→golden金的east東→eastern東方的child孩子→childish孩子氣的snow雪→snowy雪白的；被雪覆蓋的(4)構(gòu)成副詞的常用后綴有-ly(主要用于形容詞之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的詞之后表示方向)。例如：angry生氣的→angrily生氣地to到→towards朝……，向……east東方→eastward向東(5)構(gòu)成數(shù)詞的后綴有-teen(十幾)，-ty(幾十)，-th(構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞)。例如：six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十三、轉(zhuǎn)化轉(zhuǎn)化(Conversion)：不用借助詞綴，由一種詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞類(lèi)的構(gòu)詞法。由于詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化的原因，英語(yǔ)中就形成了大量外形相同但詞類(lèi)不同的詞，即同形異類(lèi)詞。這種構(gòu)詞法詞形沒(méi)有改變，轉(zhuǎn)化后的單詞在意義上通常與原單詞有密切聯(lián)系。1．動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞(1)意思沒(méi)有變化例如：Ithinkwe'dbetterfinishthetalknow.我想我們的談話最好現(xiàn)在結(jié)束。(2)意思有一定變化例如：Heisamanofstrongbuild.他是一個(gè)體格健壯的漢子。(3)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)例如：Let'shavealookfirst.我們先看一下吧。2．名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞(1)表示物體名詞。例如：Haveyoubookedtheticket?你訂好票了嗎？(2)表示身體部位的的名詞。例如：Handinyourpapersplease.請(qǐng)把你們的試卷交上來(lái)。(3)表示一類(lèi)人的名詞。例如：Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.她看護(hù)丈夫，使他恢復(fù)了健康。(4)抽象名詞。例如：Webreakfastedtogether.我們?cè)谝黄鸪粤嗽绮汀?．形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞少數(shù)形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。例如：Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。4．副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞有少數(shù)副詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。例如：Murderwillout.惡事終必將敗露。5．形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞(1)表示顏色的形容詞?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為名詞，例如：Thegirlinblackappearsverybeautiful.那個(gè)穿黑衣服的女孩子看上去非常漂亮。(2)一些形容詞如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等與the連用，表示一類(lèi)人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：Wedon'tbelongtotherich，butwedon'tbelongtothepooreither.我們不是有錢(qián)人，但我們也不是窮人。四、截短(Clipping)只寫(xiě)出單詞的一部分(前部、中間或后部)，使詞義和詞性保持不變的英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法。主要有截頭、去尾、截頭去尾三種形式。1．截頭telephone→phoneairplane→plane飛機(jī)2．去尾examination→exam考試kilogram→kilo公斤；千克laboratory→lab實(shí)驗(yàn)室taxicab→taxi出租車(chē)3．截頭去尾influenza→flu感冒prescription→script藥方五、縮略(Abbreviation)用單詞首尾字母組成一個(gè)新詞的英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法。這種方式構(gòu)成的新詞，讀音有兩種：(1)各字母分別讀音；(2)作為一個(gè)單詞讀音。InternationalMonetaryFund→IMF國(guó)際貨幣基金組織TeachEnglishasaForeignLanguage→TEFL作為外語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)TeachEnglishasaSecondLanguage→TESL作為第二語(yǔ)言的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)SectionⅣ必備句式背教材原句記句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫(xiě)促落實(shí)1.Notonlycanyoupostspecificquestions，butyoucanalsobroadenyourknowledgebyreadingpostsfromotherEnglishlearnersaroundtheworld.不但你可以就特定的問(wèn)題發(fā)帖，也可以通過(guò)閱讀全世界其他英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的帖子來(lái)拓展自己的知識(shí)。notonly...but(also)“不但…而且…”倒裝句N(xiāo)otonlydidhegetmoreknowledge，buthemethispresentwifeduringhistravel.他不僅獲得了更多的知識(shí)，而且也在旅途中認(rèn)識(shí)了現(xiàn)在的妻子。2.Herearesomeofourfavorites，toremindusthatsomeoftheEnglishwelearnintheclassroomisratherdifferentfromtheEnglishintheoutsideworld！這是一些我們最喜歡的帖子，可以提醒我們一些我們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)的英語(yǔ)和外面世界的英語(yǔ)真是大有不同。Here位于句首的倒裝句Hereisthepresentthatyourfatherboughtforyoubeforehewenttoworkabroad.這是你爸爸在出國(guó)工作前為你買(mǎi)的禮物。3.HetoldusthatMaggiecouldn'tteachthatdaybecauseshehadafroginherthroat.他告訴我們說(shuō)Maggie老師那天不能上課因?yàn)樗韲堤弁矗f(shuō)話困難。because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句Manyoverseasareproudofourcountrybecausesheisdevelopingveryfast.很多海外游子以我們的祖國(guó)為榮，因?yàn)樗陲w速發(fā)展。4.I'vegotanEnglishpenfriend,whoIfinallygottomeetinLondonthissummer.我有一位英格蘭筆友，今年夏天終于在倫敦與其相見(jiàn)。who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Imadeacardformom，wholovesmemost.我給媽媽制作了一張卡片，她最?lèi)?ài)我。重點(diǎn)詞匯remindv．提醒，使想起(教材P20)Herearesomeofourfavorites，toremindusthatsomeoftheEnglishwelearnintheclassroomisratherdifferentfromtheEnglishintheoutsideworld！這是一些我們最喜歡的帖子，可以提醒我們一些我們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)的英語(yǔ)和外面世界的英語(yǔ)真的是大有不同。(1)remindsb.of(doing)sth. 使某人想起某事remindsb.todosth. 提醒某人去做某事remindsb.that... 提醒某人……(2)remindern. 起提醒作用的事物①Remindednottodriveafterdrinking,somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck,whichisreallydangerous.盡管被提醒酒后別開(kāi)車(chē)，一些司機(jī)仍在碰運(yùn)氣，這是十分危險(xiǎn)的。②Themanputoutthecigarettewhenremindedthatsmokingwasnotallowedonthebus.當(dāng)被提醒公交車(chē)上不允許抽煙時(shí)，那位男子掐滅了香煙。③Theseventeen-year-oldboyputupapictureofBillGatesbesidethebedtokeephimselfremindedofhisowndream.這個(gè)17歲的男孩在床的旁邊貼了一張比爾·蓋茨的相片，以使他想起自己的夢(mèng)想。④______________________(remind)oftablemannersthreetimes，thekidsbegantobehavethemselves.被三次提醒注意進(jìn)餐禮節(jié)后，這些孩子開(kāi)始表現(xiàn)得體了。exchangen．(學(xué)生、教師等的)互訪，交換(教材P21)IwaspartofastudentexchangebetweenauniversityinEnglandandmyuniversityinChina.我是我所在的中國(guó)大學(xué)與英國(guó)一所大學(xué)學(xué)生交流中的一員。(1)exchangesth.forsth. 以……換取……exchangesth.withsb. 和某人交換……(2)inexchangefor 以……交換……makeanexchange 交換①I(mǎi)wasfortunatetobechosentoparticipateinanexchangestudyprogram.我有幸被選中參加了一個(gè)交換生學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目。②Andeveryweekhecleanedthechickenhouseinexchangeformanure.他每周打掃雞舍是為了獲得肥料。③Iamgoingtotravelabroad，soIgo___________(exchange)someRMBfordollarsinthebank.我打算去國(guó)外旅行，所以我要去銀行用人民幣換點(diǎn)美元。④Iwilltakefulladvantageofthechancetoexchangeviews___________them.我愿意好好利用這次機(jī)會(huì)和他們交流一下思想。lookforwardto期待，盼望(教材P21)IknewIhaddoneagoodjobandwaslookingforwardtogettingagoodgrade.我知道自己做的不錯(cuò)；一直期待著能獲得好成績(jī)。“動(dòng)詞＋介詞to”構(gòu)成的常用短語(yǔ)：payattentionto... 注意……getdownto 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做某事be/getusedto 習(xí)慣于devote...to 奉獻(xiàn)，獻(xiàn)身于……referto 參考；涉及；指的是stickto 堅(jiān)持objectto 反對(duì)leadto 導(dǎo)致①Howhappywewere!Theletterwehadbeenlookingforwardtoarrivedatlast.我們多幸福啊！我們一直期待的那封信終于到了。②Asamatteroffact,heobjectstobeingtreated(treat)likeachild.事實(shí)上，他反對(duì)被當(dāng)作孩子對(duì)待。③Iamfamiliarwithhisworksandlookforwardtohearing(hear)hisviewsonliteratureandhistory.我對(duì)他的作品很熟悉，希望能聽(tīng)聽(tīng)他對(duì)文學(xué)和歷史的觀點(diǎn)。④TheInternetgivespeoplethechancetohavetheinformationtheylookforwardtodelivered(deliver)tothemquicklyandcheaply.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓人們有機(jī)會(huì)看到他們期待的信息更快捷更便宜地傳遞到他們面前。重點(diǎn)句式(教材P20)Notonlycanyoupostspecificquestions，butyoucanalsobroadenyourknowledgebyreadingpostsfromotherEnglishlearnersaroundtheworld.不但你可以就特定的問(wèn)題發(fā)帖，也可以通過(guò)閱讀全世界其他英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的帖子來(lái)拓展自己的知識(shí)。【要點(diǎn)提煉】本句是由notonly...but(also)．..連接的并列句。notonly放在句首時(shí)，后面的分句用部分倒裝，要把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞以及助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)的前面。(1)notonly...but(also)．..連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的成分。(2)notonly...but(also)．..連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主謂一致應(yīng)遵循“就近”原則。①Notonlydoesheteachatschool，buthewritessongs.②NotonlymyparentsbutalsoI_______(be)fondofsports.③Heisnotonlyateacherbutalsoafriendforus.長(zhǎng)難句1．(教材P20)Lastweek，ourforumaskedifyouhadanyfunnyorstrangestoriesaboutusingEnglish.【分析】本句是由if引導(dǎo)的________。此處的if翻譯成“________”而不是“________”。該賓語(yǔ)從句是一般疑問(wèn)句的“________”；原句應(yīng)該是“________anyfunnyorstrangestoriesaboutusingEnglish”。2．(教材P21)HetoldusthatMaggiecouldn'tteachthatdaybecauseshehadafroginherthroat.【分析】本句是包含________從句和________從句的復(fù)合句。其中that引導(dǎo)的是________；在該從句中有一個(gè)由because引導(dǎo)的________從句。~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)鞏固Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Wecan'timaginethetroubletheyhad__________(practice)theirspokenEnglish.2．Howcantheteachersimprovetheirteachingsoastoencourage__________(create)?3．Hecouldn'thavegoneouttoplaylastnight___________couldhisdeskmate.4．Hewonthegametwiceandthatwas_______weheldthecelebrationparty.5．_________(speak)ofhisEnglish,hefeltproudofhimself.6．Theyoungcoupledidn'tfeelshamelessabouttheirchildren's__________(behave)．7．Panda,theinterestingandcharmingcreatureisunique_______China.8．Youmustreflect________whatanswertogive.9．Youknowfoodisveryimportant.Therearemany__________(health)foods.10．Theyoftenwent___________(hunger)inthosedays.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~家庭作業(yè)家庭作業(yè)Ⅰ.閱讀理解Englishhassurelybeethegloballanguage.Wheneverweturnonthenewstofindoutwhat'shappeninginSouthAsia,orAfrica,oranywhere,peoplearebeinginterviewedandtellingusaboutitinEnglish.IfpeoplelookatthefactsabouttheamazingreachoftheEnglishlanguage,manywouldbesurprised.Englishisusedinover90countriesasanofficialorsemi-officiallanguage.Englishistheworkinglanguageofmanyinternationalinstitutes(研究所)aswellasofmostinternationalresearchscientists.ItisalsothelanguagethatIndianparentsandblackparentswishtheirchildrentolearn.ItisbelievedthatoveronebillionpeopleworldwidearenowlearningEnglish.OneofthemostimportantcausesofthespreadofEnglisharoundtheworldisthatEuropeansarewillingtoacceptitastheirlanguage.EnglishisspreadingfromnorthernEuropetothesouthandisnowthesecondlanguageincountriessuchasSweden,Norway,NetherlandsandDenmark.Ifonevisitsanyofthem,itwouldseemthatalmosteveryonetherecantalkinEnglish.Recently,areportsaidthatatthebeginningof2001，Englishwasthemostwidelyknownforeignlanguagewith43%ofEuropeanssayingtheyspokeit.Thereportalsosaidthatwithover89%ofthepopulationspeakingEnglish,SwedennowhasthehighestpercentageofEnglishspeakers.What'smore,Englishisthelanguageratedasmostusefultoknow,andover77%ofEuropeanswhodonotspeakEnglishastheirfirstlanguageconsiderituseful.1．Bywritingthispassage,thewritermainlywantstotellus．A．whysomanypeoplespeakEnglisharoundtheworldB．thatEnglishhasbeealanguagespokenallovertheworldC．a(chǎn)boutthedevelopmentofEnglishinEuropeD．somethingabouttheEnglish-speakingcountries2．Accordingtothepassage,whathasplayedanimportantroleinspreadingEnglisharoundtheworld?A．Thatgovernmentshaveaskedtheirpeopletolearnitinschool.B．ThatEnglishisthemostbeautifullanguageintheworld.C．ThatEuropeansarewillingtoacceptEnglishastheirlanguage.D．ThatpeoplehavetouseEnglishintheirwork.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rated”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Stood.B．Agreed.C．Considered. D．Argued.4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Blackparentsdon'twanttheirchildrentolearnEnglish.B．Englishisusedinover90countriesasanofficiallanguage.C．NotallinternationalresearchscientistsspeakEnglishatwork.D．EnglishhasbeethemostimportantlanguageinSweden.BLearningtospeakEnglishwellmaybethebestthingyoucandotoimproveyourlife.That'sright.IfyoucanmunicateinEnglish,youcan：Contactpeoplefromallovertheworld.TalkaboutyourideasandopinionsontheInternetdiscussiongroups.Sende-mailtointerestingpeople.Learnabouttheirlifeandculture.Travelmoreeasily.municatewithpeoplewhereveryougo－Englishisspokeninmorethan100countries.Askdirections,haveaconversation,or...askforhelp.Whoknows,maybeEnglishwillsaveyourlifesomeday!Pushyourcareerforward.Ifyouwanttofindagoodjobinbusiness,technology,orscience,getoutofthatarmchairandstartlearningEnglishnow!(Ifyoualreadyhaveagoodjob,startlearningbeforeyouloseit！)KnowingEnglishwillletyou：Put“excellentknowledgeofEnglish”onyourCV(履歷)．Getyourdreamjob,andearnmoremoney.Gaintechnicalknowledge.Englishisthelanguageoftechnology,especiallyhightechnologylikeputerscience,genetics,andmedicine.Ifyou'regoingtoreadabouttechnology,you'llprobablyhavetodoitinEnglish.Learnputerscience.Readtechnicalarticleswithoutdifficultyorwriteyourownarticles!Beaworld-classbusinessman(orbusinesswoman)．It'ssimple.InternationalbusinessisdoneinEnglish.Andallbusinesstodayisinternational.Soifyouwanttoplay,youhavetoknowEnglish－tocontactotherbusinesspeople,gotoconferences,readinternationalbusinessnewspapersandmagazines,etc.Beeabetterscientist.Contactscientistsfromothercountries,gotointernationalconferences,andvisitacademiccentersabroad.Learnaboutnewscientificdiscoveriesbyreadingpapers,books,andmagazines.Useyourputermoreeffectively.MostputerapplicationsareinEnglish,soyouwillunderstandthembetterandbeeabetteremployee.5．Accordingtothepassage,knowingEnglishwillletyou．A．travelinyourcountrymoreeasilyB．gaintechnicalknowledgeC．contactpeoplealloveryourcountryD．watchtelevisionnetworks6．Sendinge-mailtointerestingpeopleisawayto．A．learnknowledgeB．contactpeopleC．beeabetterscienti