專題6.形容詞（原卷版）

形容詞一、形容詞的基本作用形容詞的定義及位置形容詞是用來描述或修飾名詞或代詞的一類詞,用以說明人或事物的性質和特征。1.作定語一般放在名詞之前,復合不定代詞之后。Helivesinabeautifulhouse.他住在一座漂亮的房子里。Thereisnothingimportantintoday’snewspaper.今天的報紙上沒有什么重要的內容。2.作表語,放在連系動詞(be,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,get,bee,keep,turn,seem等)之后。Hisideasoundsgreat.他的主意聽起來很棒。3.作賓語補足語,放在賓語之后,常與make,leave,keep,find等動詞連用。Theykeeptheclassroomcleaneveryday.他們每天保持教室干凈。WefinditimportanttolearnEnglishwell.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)學好英語很重要。4.形容詞的名詞化有些形容詞放在定冠詞之后變成名詞,表示一類人,常見的有:good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等Theoldshouldbetakengoodcareof.老年人應該受到很好的照顧。二、形容詞詞義辨析在做辨析題時，首先應讀懂句意，抓住題干中關鍵信息，并分析各選項表達的意思，結合日常生活的常識及語境即可選出正確答案。如：Afterthefootballmatch,theplayerswerevery______andtired.A.cool B.full C.lively D.thirsty方法點撥第1步：分析四個選項均為形容詞，在句中作表語；第2步：分析語境“在足球比賽之后，運動員是_____和疲勞的。”cool平靜的；full滿的；lively有活力的；thirsty口渴的，渴望的。結合常識及句意可知運動員在足球比賽后又渴又累。故選D。近義詞詞義辨析1.ing形容詞和ed形容詞ing形容詞ed形容詞例句surprising令人驚訝的surprised感到驚訝的Thestoryhasasurprisingend.Heissurprisedattheeresting有趣的interested感興趣的TherearemanyinterestingplacesinBeijing.I’minterestedinwhathesaid.exciting令人興奮的excited感到興奮的Theyjumpedwhentheyheardtheexcitingnews.Weareexcitedaboutthematch.pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快/滿意的Itisapleasingtrip.Ifyouqueuejump,otherswillnotbepleased.frightening令人恐懼的frightened感到恐懼的Thegirlcriedbecauseofthefrighteningstory.Heisfrightenedoftheghost.moving令人感動的moved受感動的Itisamovingperformance.Wearemovedbytheperformance.tiring使人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的Wehadaverytiringtriplastweek.Imtiredofsomuchhomework.fascinating迷人的fascinated著迷的Whatafascinatingstory!Thechildrenarefascinatedbyallthetoysintheshopwindows.特點:表示主動意義,多指事物對人的影響,一般修飾事物特點:表示被動意義,多指人對事物的感受,主語一般是人,常用“sb+be+ed形容詞+介詞”結構Whatanexcitingfilm!WewereveryexcitedaboutthetriptoBeijing.2.older和elder易混詞用法例句older常用于表比較的句型中,意為“較老的,較舊的,年紀較大的”Yourbikeisthanmine.你的自行車比我的舊。Heisthanyou.他比你年齡大。elder只用于比較一家人的年齡長幼,意為“年長的”。elder除指家庭成員外,也可以指其他人,意思是“資格老的”Heismy.他是我哥哥。Heisan.他是位資格老的老師。3.alone和lonely易混詞用法例句alone強調獨自一人,常用作表語。另外,alone也可用作副詞,意思是“單獨地,獨自地”He.他一個人住。lonelylonely作表語時,表示“寂寞的”,含有強烈的感情色彩;作定語時含有“偏僻的”之意Themanlivedonisland.那個男人住在一個偏僻的島上。4.alive,lively和living易混詞用法例句alive是表語形容詞,既可指人,也可指物Wasthesnake?這條蛇是活著還是死了?lively側重指“活潑的,活躍的”,與“死板的”對應That’sababy.那是一個活潑的嬰兒。living是定語形容詞,指“活著的”Alltheneedfoodtogrow.所有的生物都需要食物去生長。5.black和dark易混詞用法例句blackblack的意思是“黑色(的)”,指顏色,其反義詞是whiteThedoorsarepainted.這些門被刷成了黑色。darkdark的意思是“昏暗的,黑暗的”,指無光Thisisa.這是間黑暗的房間。6.sleepy,asleep和sleeping易混詞用法例句sleepy意為“困倦的”,還沒有睡著Heinclass.他在課上感覺很困。asleep意為“睡著了的”,常用作表語Heinclass.他在課上睡著了。sleeping意為“睡著了的”,常用作定語Lookatthe.看那個睡著了的男孩兒。7.dead和dying易混詞用法例句dead指“死了的”Hisfatherhasbeenfor3years.他的父親已經(jīng)去世3年了。dying指“快死了的,奄奄一息的”Thelittledog.Let’sdosomethingtohelphim.那只小狗快死了。讓我們做些事來幫幫他。1.—John,thiscrosswordistoodifficultforme.Ican’tworkitout.—YoucangotoJacksonforhelp.He’svery__________.I’msurehecandoit.

A.brave B.seriousC.polite D.clever2.Yummy!Itisthe__________ChinesestylecakethatIhaveeverhad.

A.worse B.worstC.nicer D.nicest3.What__________newsmadethemsodown?I’mworriedaboutthem.

A.sad B.happyC.exciting D.good4.—Billgotfullmarksinthelastmathtest.—Yes,heis__________boyinourclass.

A.themostawful B.moreawfulC.themostcareful D.morecareful5.JaneEyreisoneof__________novelsintheworld.

A.morefamous B.themostfamousC.longer D.longest6.Thehousepricesareso__________thatmanyyoungpeoplecan’taffordtobuyahouse.

A.high B.cheap C.expensive D.low7.Chinesechesshasalonghistory.Todayit’sstill__________amongtheyoungandtheold.

A.special B.popular C.easy D.valuable形容詞比較級和最高級的構成1.規(guī)則變化類別構成方法原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般直接加longtalllongertallerlongesttallest以不發(fā)音的e結尾時加latelargelaterlargerlatestlargest以輔音字母加y結尾時把easyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母時,bighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在原級前加carefulmorecarefulmostcarefulbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful2.不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbad/illoldmany/muchlittlefar形容詞和副詞的比較等級是中考的必考點。而在詞形轉換題型中，則需先判斷用原級還是比較等級。1.原級的判定方法1）由表示程度的副詞very，so，too，enough，quite等修飾時，用形容詞原級。Thefilmistooboring.這部電影太無聊了。2）A+be+as+原級+as+B，意為“A與B一樣……”，表示相同或相等。 Mybestfriendishermother.我最好的朋友和她媽媽一樣高。3）A+be+not+so/as+原級+as+B，意為“A不及B那樣……”，表示不如或不相等。 Thisredskirtisnotthatblueone.這條紅色的短裙不如那條藍色的漂亮。4）A+be+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞原級+as+B，表示“A是B的……倍”（常見倍數(shù)：一半half，一倍once，兩倍twice，三倍及以上：數(shù)字+times）。 Ourschoolistheirs.我們學校是他們學校的兩倍大。5）asmuch/many...+as，表示前后的數(shù)量相同。 Johnearnshisbrother.約翰掙的錢和他的哥哥一樣多。6）as+原級+as+用作比喻的名詞，意為“像……一樣”，此結構可形成許多習慣用語，多用于口語。 Heisabee.他像蜜蜂一樣忙碌。比較級的判定方法由表示程度的副詞alittle,abit,afew,alot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修飾時，用形容詞或副詞的比較級。Itiseventoday.今天甚至更冷了。2）“the+比較級...，the+比較級...”表示“越……，就越……”。fruityoueat,youare.你吃的水果越多，你就越健康。3）“比較級+and+比較級”，表示“越來越……”。注意：若比較級是在原級前加more構成的，則用“moreandmore+原級”表示“越來越……”。 Ourcityisbeing.我們的城市變得越來越漂亮了。4）表示兩者進行比較時用比較級，其結構為A+be+比較級+than+B表示“A比B……，”即A>B。（注意比較的對象要一致）如果加入數(shù)字，則表示確切的量的關系。 Mybikeisthanhers.我的自行車比她的（自行車）漂亮。比較級的常見結構有：1.A+be+less+多音節(jié)形容詞原級+than+B，表示“A不及B……”。 Thefilmwasthanthebook.這部電影沒有這本書有趣。2.表示兩者之間進行選擇時，用句型：Which/Who+be+比較級，AorB?。 Whichistothesun,themoonortheearth?哪個離太陽更近，月亮還是地球？3.表示兩者之間較……的一個（ofthetwo）時，常用the+比較級結構。 Heisofthetwo.他是兩個中較瘦的那個。4.表示幾倍于……時，用倍數(shù)+比較級+than表示。 TheYangtzeRiverisalmostthanthePearlRiver.長江大概比珠江長兩倍。最高級的判定方法1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物進行比較時，用最高級形式。形容詞最高級前必須加定冠詞the，副詞最高級前可以不用。句末常跟一個in/of/among短語來表示范圍。即用“A+be+the+最高級（in/of/among）...”表示。Thispictureisthebestofall.這幅畫是所有的畫中最好的。2）表示“A是……中最……之一”時，用“A+be+oneof+the+形容詞最高級+名詞復數(shù)形式” DengZiqiis.鄧紫棋是最受歡迎的歌手之一。3）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中進行選擇時，用句型：Which/Whobethe+最高級，A，BorC?,Tom,KateorBill?湯姆、凱特、比爾，誰最高？最高級的常見結構有1.形容詞最高級前面可以加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾最……”?！癆+be+the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級+名詞單數(shù)+范圍”表示。 Sheisthesecondtallestgirlinourclass.她是我們班第二高的女生。2.形容詞最高級前面可以用物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾，但此時不能再加定冠詞the。Sheismybestfriend.她是我最好的朋友。3.形容詞比較級結構可以表示最高級含義。 HeistallerthanVinourclass.他是我們班上最高的學生。隨堂練習隨堂練習1.Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedthatclearwaterandgreenmountainsareas__________asmountainsofgoldaandsilver.A.central B.special C.valuable2.How__________itrainedyesterday!Wehadtocancelourfootballmatch.Aheavily B.light C.heavy D.lightly3.—The5Gtechnologycanhelpdoctorstreatpatientswhoarehundredsofkilometersaway.—It’sreally__________. A.secret B.direct C.amazing D.traditional4.Icametoschool__________thismorningbecauseitwasmyturntocleanourclassroom.A.early B.slowly C.quietly D.suddenly5.Theartistisso__________thathecanmakedifferentchangingpictureswithsand.A.mon B.careless C.creative D.helpful6.—ConfuciusInstitute(孔子學院)hasbeensetupinmanyothercountries.—Yes,Chineseis__________spokeninthosecountries.IamproudofthatasaChinese.A.hardly B.widely C.never D.seldom7.Peterspokeso__________thatIcouldhardlyhearhim.A.loudly B.quietly C.clearly D.patiently8.Whilewatchingthefilmyesterday,Icouldn’tstoplaughingatsome__________moments.A.humorous B.challenging C.dangerous D.surprising9.Mybrotherhasahealthylivinghabit.He__________staysuplate,andheisanearlybird.A.usually B.hardly C.often D.always10.CouldyouspeakinaloudvoicesothatIcanhearyou__________?A.quickly B.happily C.slowly D.clearly二1.—Youaresingingtotheplants!—That’strue.Ibelieveithelpsthemgrow___________.A.slower B.better C.harder2.—ThisTshirtisabitexpensiveforme.—Butthisis___________oneinourshop,sir.A.cheap B.cheaper C.thecheapest3.—Mikeplaysthedrumssowonderfully!—Ofcourse.Heis___________thananyotherstudentsinhisclass.A.talented B.moretalented C.lesstalented D.themosttalented4.—Whatdoyouthinkoftheband’sperformance?—Itcouldbe___________.Ithinkthey’refeelingverynervous.A.good B.better C.bad D.worse5.—Whosings___________inyourclass?—LiJingdoes.A.mostbeautifully B.mostbeautiful C.morebeautifully D.morebeautiful6.Tomakerivers___________thanbefore,everybodyissupposedtoprotectthem.A.dirty B.dirtier C.clean D.cleaner7.Theflyingsquirrelmightbeoneof___________animalsyoucouldmeetduringthetrip.A.strange B.stranger C.strangest D.thestrangest8.Thelivingroombees___________asthesunlightesinthroughthewindows.A.bigger B.cleaner C.quieter D.brighter9.Samis11yearsold.Peteris16yearsold.Peteris5years___________thanSam.A.older B.shorter C.newer D.longer10.—TherewillbenowinnerinthetradewarbetweenChinaandtheUS.—Iagree.Ifwecan’tavoidit,therelationshipwillget___________astimegoeson.A.bad B.badly C.worse D.worst一閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~，或填入括號中所給單詞的正確形式。NowadaysWeChatismoreandmorepopular.IoftentalktomyEnglishfriendsonWeChat,whichhelpsmespeakEnglish_____51_____(well)thanbefore.AndIcanreadlotsofnewsonWeChatthatcanmakeme_____52_____(find)outwhat'sgoingonaroundmydailylife.Somenewsalsomakesmebeemorecareful.SometimesIfeelWeChatislike_____53_____mirrorthathelpsmeseesomething_____54_____(clear).Butnow,WeChatbringsmesometrouble,_____55_____.SomefriendsputphotosoftherealthingsonWeChattotellwhattheysellisreallygood.I'mangryabouttheseadvertisements(廣告),_____56_____someofthemmaynotbetrue.Justasthesaying_____57_____(go),“Seeingisbelieving.”Iknowsomepeoplearecheated(欺騙)bysomenewseasily.Evensomenewsalwaysasksus_____58_____(send)ittoothers.Thismakes_____59_____(I)unfortable.Infact,I'mthinkingaboutneverusingWeChatonmyphoneagain,becauseusingittoomuchisbad_____60_____myeyes.二閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~，或填入括號中所給單詞的正確形式。Inaprimaryschool,itwasusualtoseestudentseinandoutofthedoctor'sroom.Asheadmaster,myofficewasmuch_____41_____(close)tothedoctor's.Ioftenwenttogivesomehelp.Onemorning,Isawalittlegirlinthedoctor'sroomshivering(顫抖)withcold,soIfoundawarmshirtfor_____42_____.“Thanks_____43_____takingcareofme，”shesaid.Aftersometime,Igotsick._____44_____thestudentsknewit,theycametoaskmewhattheycoulddoforme.Thelittlegirlsaid,“Nowit'sourturntotakecareofyou.”ThenI_____45_____(begin)togetchemotherapy(化療).EverytimeIwenttogetchemotherapy,thestudentsgotme_____46_____gift.First,itwasavideo:Everyclassintheschoolsangget-well_____47_____(song).Then,itwasamusicbox.Itplayed“IWillAlwaysLoveYou”．..WhenIhadtostayathospital,thelettersandpicturesfromthemkept_____48_____(e)andcoveredeverywallofmyroom.Withthelov