Module4Lifeinthefuture（B卷提升能力）-2021-2022學(xué)年七年級(jí)英語單元AB卷（七下）

班級(jí)姓名學(xué)號(hào)分?jǐn)?shù)Module4Lifeinthefuture（B卷·提升能力）（時(shí)間：100分鐘，滿分：100分）一、完型填空（本題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）Hi,goodfriends!Doyouwanttoknowwhatthelifewillbe1inthefuture?Letmetellyou.Peoplewill2betterfoodandtheywillbehealthier(更健康的).Theywill3tobemorethan100yearsold.4willwestudyinthefuture?Wewillstudyathomeon5.Wecanaskteachers6bytelephone,Internetoremail.Whatwillwe7then?Wewillwearniceclothes.Wewon’t8thembecausetheyarealwaysclean.Whenwearecold,theywillbewarm.Andwhenweare9,theywillbecool.Peoplewillhavemorefreetimewiththe10ofrobotsandmachines.Peoplewillflytospaceforholiday.1．A．like B．with C．for D．a(chǎn)bout2．A．drink B．take C．play D．eat3．A．stop B．stay C．live D．sit4．A．When B．What C．Who D．Where5．A．buses B．cars C．puters D．bikes6．A．money B．questions C．jobs D．a(chǎn)ges7．A．leave B．wear C．put D．do8．A．make B．watch C．sweep D．wash9．A．cool B．cold C．hot D．warm10．A．team B．start C．love D．help【短文大意】本文主要講述了作者對(duì)未來生活的預(yù)測(cè)和想象?！敬鸢附馕觥?5．ADCDC610．BBDCD【第1題】句意：你想知道未來的生活是什么樣的嗎？like像；with和；for為了；about關(guān)于。根據(jù)“whatthelifewillbe....inthefuture”可知，此處考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)“whatsthbelike”，譯為“某物是什么樣的”。故選A。【第2題】句意：人們會(huì)吃更好的食物，他們會(huì)更健康drink喝；take帶走；play玩；eat吃。根據(jù)“betterfood”可知，食物是用來吃的，故選D?！镜?題】句意：他們會(huì)活到100多歲。stop阻止；stay停留；live活著；sit坐。根據(jù)“tobemorethan100yearsold”可知，此處指“活到100多歲”，livetobe“活到……”。故選C?！镜?題】句意：將來我們會(huì)去哪里學(xué)習(xí)？When什么時(shí)候；What什么；Who誰；Where在哪里。根據(jù)“Wewillstudyathome”可知，此處問在哪里學(xué)習(xí)。故選D?！镜?題】句意：我們將在家里通過電腦學(xué)習(xí)。buses公共汽車；cars小汽車；puters電腦；bikes自行車。根據(jù)“Wewillstudy”可知，學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該是在電腦上，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)是交通工具，不合語境。故選C?！镜?題】句意：我們可以通過、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或電子郵件來詢問老師問題。money錢；questions問題；jobs工作；ages年齡。根據(jù)上文“Wewillstudyathome”和“askteachers”可知應(yīng)是問老師問題。故選B?！镜?題】句意：那我們將穿什么呢？leave離開；wear穿；put放；do做。根據(jù)“Wewillwearniceclothes.”可知，此處問的是“穿什么”。故選B?！镜?題】句意：我們不用洗它們，因?yàn)樗鼈兛偸歉蓛舻?。make制作；watch觀看；sweep打掃；wash清洗。根據(jù)“theyarealwaysclean”可知，衣服總是很干凈的話，可以不用洗。故選D?！镜?題】句意：當(dāng)我們熱的時(shí)候，他們就會(huì)涼。cool涼的；cold冷的；hot熱的；warm溫暖的。根據(jù)上文“Whenwearecold,theywillbewarm.”可知，空處用cold的反義詞hot。故選C?！镜?0題】句意：在機(jī)器人和機(jī)器的幫助下，人們將有更多的自由時(shí)間。team隊(duì)；start開始；love愛；help幫助。withthehelpofsb“在某人的幫助下”，固定短語。故選D。二、閱讀單選（本題共20小題，每小題2分，共40分）ANowpeoplearelivingagoodlifeandtheyhavemanygoodthings.Whatwilllifebelikeinthefuture?Inthefuture,you’llseemanychanges.First,we’llwearanewkindofclothes.They’llbewarmwhenwearecold,andcoolwhenwearehot.Second,we’lleatmanykindsoffood.Foodwillbeverycheapandnicetoeat.Everyonewillhavealonglife.Youcanseelotsof150yearoldpeopleinthestreet.Third,allofuswillliveinbeautifulhouses.Thehousescanalsowalk.Whenwewanttochangetheplacewelive,they’lltakeusthereinashorttime.Fourth,wewillmakemanynewrobots.Theywillhelpuswiththehousework,talkwithus,andcookmealsforus.They’llbeourgoodfriends.Theywillalsohelptheoldpeopleinmanyways.11．Therewillbe________changesinthefutureaccordingtothepassage.A．two B．three C．four D．five12．Inthefuture,thenewkindofclotheswillbe_______whenwearehot.A．cold B．cool C．hot D．warm13．Foodwillbe______inthefuture.A．expensive B．cheap C．delicious D．BandC14．Theunderlinedword“They”means_______.A．robots B．friends C．machines D．children15．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Thepeoplearelivingagoodlifenow. B．Houseswillbeabletowalk.C．Wecantalkwiththerobots. D．Somepeoplewillhavealonglife.【短文大意】這是一篇說明文，文章講述未來我們生活的四個(gè)變化：第一，我們將穿一種新種類的衣服；第二，我們將吃許多種食物；第三，我們都將住在美麗的房子里；第四，我們將制造很多新的機(jī)器人?！敬鸢附馕觥?115．CBDAD【第11題】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“First”，“Second”，“Third”及“Fourth”可知文章介紹未來將有四個(gè)變化。故選C?！镜?2題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“They’llbewarmwhenwearecold,andcoolwhenwearehot”可知，在未來當(dāng)我們冷的時(shí)候衣服會(huì)變暖和，當(dāng)我們熱的時(shí)候，衣服會(huì)變得涼爽。故選B?！镜?3題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Foodwillbeverycheapandnicetoeat”可知，在未來食物將變得又便宜又好吃。故選D?！镜?4題】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Fourth,wewillmakemanynewrobots”可知，此處指的是機(jī)器人將幫助我們做家務(wù)、和我們交談，為我們做飯?！皌hey”指代“robots”。故選A。【第15題】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Everyonewillhavealonglife”可知，在未來每個(gè)人有很長(zhǎng)的生命。D選項(xiàng)“Somepeople一些人”表述錯(cuò)誤。故選D。BLifeinthefuturewillbedifferentfromthelifetoday.Butwhatwillthelifebelikeinthefuture?Thepopulationisgrowingfast.Therewillbemorepeopleintheworld.puterswillbeesmall,andtherewillbeatleastoneineveryfamily.Peoplewillworkshorthoursandtheywillhavemuchfreetimeforsports,watchingTVortravelling.Travellingwillbeverycheap,andmanymorepeoplewillgotoothercountriesfortheirholidayseasily.Therewillbechangesinourworld,too.Landwillbeusedforbuildingnewtownsandhousesforallthepeople.Thentherewillbelittleroomforcowsandsheep,someatwillbeexpensive.Maybenoonewilleatiteveryday.Instead,theywilleatmorefruitandvegetables.Workinthefuturewillbedifferent,too.Robotswilldodangerousandhardwork.Becauseofthis,manypeoplewon’thaveenoughworktodo.Thiswillbeabigproblem.16．Inthefuture,_________willbeexpensive.A．fruit B．rooms C．vegetable D．meat17．Everyfamilywillhaveatleasta________inthefuture.A．robot B．cow C．puter D．television18．Inthefuture,peopledon’thaveto_______.A．worklonghours B．workfast C．walkonfoot D．eatmeat19．Travellingwillbe________inthefuture.A．expensive B．happy C．cheapandeasy D．difficult20．Onebigprobleminthefutureisthat_________.A．manypeopledon’thavetoworkB．therewon’tbeenoughworkforpeopletodoC．peoplehavetoworkfastD．therewillbelittleroomforcowsandsheep【短文大意】未來的生活將不同于今天的生活，會(huì)發(fā)生很多變化。人的壽命、計(jì)算機(jī)、食物、工作等方面都會(huì)有變化。【答案解析】1620．DCACB【第16題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“someatwillbeexpensive”可知，肉會(huì)變貴，故選D?！镜?7題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“puterswillbeesmall,andtherewillbeatleastoneineveryfamily.”可知，每個(gè)家庭都會(huì)有一臺(tái)電腦，故選C?！镜?8題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Peoplewillworkshorthours”可知，人們會(huì)工作很短的時(shí)間，故選A。【第19題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Travellingwillbeverycheap,andmanymorepeoplewillgotoothercountriesfortheirholidayseasily.”可知，旅行會(huì)變得便宜和容易，故選C?！镜?0題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Becauseofthis,manypeoplewon’thaveenoughworktodo.Thiswillbeabigproblem.”可知，未來會(huì)有很多人沒有工作，這會(huì)是一個(gè)大問題，故選B。CSomedayinthefuturewemaynotneedtohavemoneyinourpockets.Islifeeasierwhenpeopledon’tneedtocarryanymoneyatall?Ismoneyheavytocarry?Isitsafetocarrymoney?Maybeinthefutureeachofuswillhaveonlyonesmallcreditcard(信用卡).Wewilluseitinsteadofmoneytobuyallthethings.Ofcourse,wemaystillhavesomeofthesameproblemswithcardswenowhavewithmoney.Forexample,welosemoneyfromtimetotime.Maybewewilllosethecards.Someonemayevenmakeacardanditjustlookslikeourcards.Sincewecan’tbuyanythingwithoutourcards,thecreditcardsmaybenobetterthanmoney.Isthereanythingeasiertousethancreditcards?Eachofushasathumbprint(拇指指紋).Notwothumbprintsarethesame.Maybesomedaythegovernmentwillkeeppeople’sthumbprintswithanumber.Whenyouwanttobuysomething,youwillputyourthumbonamachineoraputer.Eachstoreorbusinesswillpossessone.Everyone’sthumbprintswillbeintheputer.Itwillbedifficulttoloseourthumbprints!Itwillbedifficultforsomeonetostealitortomakeonelikeit.21．Thewriterprobablyagreesthatcreditcardsare________tocarrywithus.A．heavy B．easy C．difficult D．cheap22．Whatmaybeaproblemwithcreditcardsinthefuture?A．Wemaylosethecardsfromtimetotime.B．Wewon’tbeabletomakeenoughcards.C．Wemaynotknowhowtousethecards.D．Wemaynotneedthecardsatall.23．Somedaythegovernmentmaykeeppeople’sthumbprintswitha________.A．sign B．note C．number D．key24．Theunderlinedword“possess”probablymeans“________”inEnglish.A．lend B．have C．sell D．borrow25．Inthewriter’sopinion,it’llbethebestwaytobuythingswith________inthefuture.A．money B．creditcards C．thumbprints D．IDcards【短文大意】本文主要講述了在將來的某一天我們可能不需要兜里的錢了，也許在將來我們每人都有一張銀行卡去買東西，但是用卡買東西也可能會(huì)帶來一些問題，也許將來人們會(huì)收集人們的指紋作為標(biāo)志，用于買東西?！敬鸢附馕觥?125．BACBC【第21題】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Maybeinthefutureeachofuswillhaveonlyonesmallcreditcard（信用卡）.Wewilluseitinsteadofmoneytobuyallthethings.”可知，作者認(rèn)為信用卡比錢更容易攜帶，故選B?！镜?2題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Maybewewilllosethecards.”可知，在將來我們可能會(huì)丟失信用卡，故選A?！镜?3題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Maybesomedaythegovernmentwillkeeppeople’sthumbprintswithanumber.”可知，將來可能政府會(huì)用數(shù)字保留人們的拇指指紋，故選C?！镜?4題】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Whenyouwanttobuysomething,youwillputyourthumbonamachineoraputer.Eachstoreorbusinesswillpossessone.Everyone’sthumbprintswillbeintheputer.”可知，當(dāng)你想要買東西時(shí)，你將會(huì)把你的拇指放在商店的電腦上，因此商店有你的拇指指紋，故選B。【第25題】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Itwillbedifficulttoloseourthumbprints!Itwillbedifficultforsomeonetostealitortomakeonelikeit.”可知，我們的拇指指紋很難丟失，因此在將來買東西最好用拇指指紋，故選C。DHi,everyone.I’mTina.Ithinkourlifein2060willbedifferentfromourlifeatthemoment.Therewillbemanyrobotsinmyhouse.Becauserobotswillbecheap.Andtheserobotswillhelpmyfamilydomanykindsofworkeveryday.Everymorningtheclockrobotwillaskmetogetup.Thentheclothingrobotwilldressmequickly.Nextthekitchenrobotwillmakebreakfastforme.WhenIgetoutofthehousewithmyschoolbag,acarrobotwillwaitforme.AfterIshowitmyschoolIDcard,thecarwillgo.Andthenthecarrobotwillcheckmyhomework.Whenwegettoschool,thecarrobotwillsaytome“Seeyoutomorrow,Tina.Goodluck.”Inthemorning,Iwillhavethreelessonswithmyclassmates.We’llstudyontheInternet.We’llusetheebook.Theteachersareallrobots.Theyareindifferentsizesandtheycanansweranyquestionaboutanysubject.Intheafternoon,we’llgotothesciencelabtohavetwoclassesinanewplane.Afterclass,we’llplayfootballwithrobots.Myclassmatesandrobotscanallbemyfriends.Don’tyouthinkthelifewithrobotsinthefuturewillbefantastic?26．The________willdressTinaeverymorning.A．clothingrobot B．carrobot C．kitchenrobot D．clockrobot27．WhatwillTinashowtothecarrobotbeforegettinginthecar?A．Homework. B．SchoolIDcard. C．Ticket D．Schoolbag.28．HowmanyclassesdoTinaandherclassmateshaveeveryday?A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.29．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Childrenwon’tdoallkindsofworkin2060.B．Robotswilldoallkindsofworkin2060.C．Tinacanmakefriendswithnotonlyclassmatesbutalsorobots.D．Peoplewon’teatanythingforbreakfastin2060.30．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Robotswillbecheap. B．Lifewithrobotsinthefuture.C．Studentswillstudywithrobots. D．Differentkindsofrobotsathome.【短文大意】這篇短文主要是蒂娜對(duì)2060年后的生活的設(shè)想。【答案解析】2630．ABCCB【第26題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thentheclothingrobotwilldressmequickly.”可知，服裝機(jī)器人會(huì)幫助穿衣服，故選A。【第27題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AfterIshowitmyschoolIDcard,thecarwillgo.”可知，在上車之前，要先出示學(xué)生證。故選B?！镜?8題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inthemorning,Iwillhavethreelessonswithmyclassmates…Intheafternoon,we’llgotothesciencelabtohavetwoclassesinanewplane.”可知，蒂娜和同學(xué)要上5節(jié)課。故選C。【第29題】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Myclassmatesandrobotscanallbemyfriends.”蒂娜不但可以和同學(xué)交朋友，而且可以和機(jī)器人交朋友。故選C?！镜?0題】最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“Hi,everyone.I’mTina.Ithinkourlifein2060willbedifferentfromourlifeatthemoment.Therewillbemanyrobotsinmyhouse.Becauserobotswillbecheap.Andtheserobotswillhelpmyfamilydomanykindsofworkeveryday.”以及整個(gè)文章的理解可知，這篇短文主要是蒂娜對(duì)將來有機(jī)器人的生活的設(shè)想。故選B。三、短文漢語提示填空（本題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）TomandFredare31．（談?wù)摚゛bouttheyear2050.“Willourlifebedifferentinthefuture?”asksTom.“32．（當(dāng)然）.”saysFred.“Whatdoyouthink?”“Well,noone33．（知道）,butI’msuretherewill34．（有）morechanges.”“Intheyear2050,everyonewill35．（攜帶）apocketputer.Theputerwillgivepeopletheansweraboutalltheirproblems.Inthefuture,maybewe’llflytothemoonbyspaceshipanditwillnot36．（花）usmuchtimetogetthere.”“I’mlookingforwardtotheyear2050.Ihopetoflytothemoon,”“Will37．（旅行）inthefuturebecheap?”“Yes,itwon’tbe38．（貴的）.We’lltravelanywherebyplane.We’llbe39．（能夠）toriseoverthetrafficjamsonthelandandgointospace.Whatdoyouthink?Doyouthinkthisideaaboutlifeinthefuturewille40．（真實(shí)的）?【短文大意】文章是湯姆和弗雷德對(duì)未來生活的暢想?！敬鸢附馕觥?1．talking32．Certainly33．knows34．be35．carry36．take37．travel38．expensive39．a(chǎn)ble40．true【第31題】句意：湯姆和弗雷德正在談?wù)?050年。talkaboutsth“談?wù)撃呈隆?，此處?yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，與空格前的are構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)，故填talking?！镜?2題】句意：“當(dāng)然?！备ダ椎抡f。certainly“當(dāng)然”，是副詞，此處填原形，位于句首首字母要大寫，故填Certainly?！镜?3題】句意：沒人知道，但我肯定會(huì)有更多的變化。know“知道”，主語是不定代詞noone，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用三單形式，故填knows?！镜?4題】句意：沒人知道，但我肯定會(huì)有更多的變化。結(jié)合there可知，此處是therebe句型表示“有”，空格前有will，后接動(dòng)詞原形，故填be?！镜?5題】句意：到2050年，每個(gè)人都會(huì)帶一臺(tái)袖珍電腦。carry“攜帶”，是動(dòng)詞，空格前有will，后接動(dòng)詞原形，故填carry?！镜?6題】句意：在未來，也許我們將乘宇宙飛船飛往月球，而我們到達(dá)月球不會(huì)花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間。此處是ittakessbsometimetodosth的句型，表示“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”，空格前有will，后接動(dòng)詞原形，故填take。【第37題】句意：將來旅行會(huì)便宜嗎？travel“旅行”，此處是名詞，在句中作主語，故填travel?！镜?8題】句意：是的，不會(huì)貴。expensive“昂貴的”，是形容詞，作表語，故填expensive。【第39題】句意：我們將能夠克服陸地上的交通堵塞，進(jìn)入太空。beableto“能夠”，固定短語，故填able。【第40題】句意：你認(rèn)為這個(gè)關(guān)于未來生活的想法會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)嗎？true“真實(shí)的”，構(gòu)成短語etrue“實(shí)現(xiàn)”，故填true。四、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話5選5（本題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）A:41．

B:Yes,Ilikereading.A:42．

B:Oh,manykindsofbooks.A:43．

B:Ilikethem.They'reinteresting.A:44．

B:Really?What'sitsname?A:LifeinThirtyYears'Time.B:45．

A:Sure.Hereyouare.A．Whatbooksdoyouread?B．CanIhavealookatit?C．Doyouoftenread?D．Whataboutbooksaboutthefuturelife?E.IlikethemtooandI'vegotoneinmybag.【短文大意】本文是A與B談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)閱讀的對(duì)話，A和B都喜歡看有關(guān)未來生活的書，A包里就有一本，B想拿過來看一看?！敬鸢附馕觥?145．CADEB【第41題】根據(jù)“Yes,Ilikereading”可知，此空應(yīng)是一個(gè)一般疑問句，且與“閱讀”內(nèi)容有關(guān)，C選項(xiàng)“你經(jīng)常閱讀嗎”復(fù)合，故選C?！镜?2題】根據(jù)“Oh,manykindsofbooks”可知，此空應(yīng)詢問喜歡讀什么類型的書，A選項(xiàng)“你都讀些什么書”符合，故選A?！镜?3題】根據(jù)“Ilikethem.They'reinteresting”可知，此處應(yīng)是詢問對(duì)方對(duì)某種類型書的看法，D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于未來生活的書呢”符合，故選D。【第44題】根據(jù)“Really?What'sitsname”可知，此處應(yīng)是提到某一本書，然后對(duì)方才會(huì)詢問它的名字，E選項(xiàng)“我也喜歡，我包里有一個(gè)”符合，故選E。【第45題】根據(jù)“LifeinThirtyYears'Time”“Sure.Hereyouare”可知，此處應(yīng)是提出想看一看這本書的要求，所以對(duì)方說“給你”，B選項(xiàng)“我可以看一看它嗎”符合，故選B。五、多句選詞填空（本題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）short,space,robot,hour,rise,plane,easy,heavyrain,hotsummer,etrue46．Manyboysinourschoolhopetoflyinto________oneday.47．Therewillbe________inthesouthofChinatomorrow.48．Idon'tknowhowtospendthe________.49．Theboywouldliketohavea________todothehousework.50．Smokewas________fromthechimney(煙囪).51．Studyhardallthetimeandyourdreamwill________oneday.52．Lifeinbigcitiesisnot________formost(大多數(shù))youngpeople.53．Sheisverytiredafterwalkingforthree__________.54．Doyouknowthegirlwith________hair?55．Theyoungmanhopestobuyasmall________andtravelaroundtheworld.【答案解析】46．space47．heavyrain48．hotsummer49．robot50．rising51．etrue52．easy53．hours54．short55．plane【第46題】句意：我們學(xué)校的許多男孩希望有一天能飛上太空。根據(jù)“hopetoflyinto…oneday”及備選詞匯可知，此處指的是“太空”，flyintospace“飛入太空”，故填space。【第47題】句意：明天中國(guó)南方將有大雨。根據(jù)“Therewillbe…inthesouthofChinatomorrow”及備選詞匯可知，此處指的是“大雨”，heavyrain“大雨”，故填heavyrain?！镜?8題】句意：我不知道如何度過炎熱的夏天。根據(jù)“howtospend…”及備選詞匯可知，此處指的是炎熱的夏天，故填hotsummer。【第49題】句意：這個(gè)男孩想要一個(gè)機(jī)器人來做家務(wù)。根據(jù)“havea…todothehousework”及備選詞匯可知，此處指的是機(jī)器人，robot“機(jī)器人”，空格前有不定冠詞修飾，名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故填robot?！镜?0題】句意：煙從煙囪里冒出來。根據(jù)“Smokewas…fromthechimney”及備選詞匯可知，此處指的是“升起”，rise“升起”，空格前有was，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，構(gòu)成過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)，故填rising?！镜?1題】句意：要一直努力學(xué)習(xí)，你的夢(mèng)想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。根據(jù)“yourdream”及備選詞匯可知，此處指的是“實(shí)現(xiàn)”，etrue“實(shí)現(xiàn)”，空格前有助動(dòng)詞will，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用原形，構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)，故填etrue?！镜?2題】句意：對(duì)大多數(shù)年輕人來說，在大城市生活并不容易。根據(jù)“Lifeinbigcitiesisnot…formost(大多數(shù))youngpeople.”及備選詞匯及常識(shí)可知，年輕人在大城市生活很難的，此處指的是“容易的”，easy“容易的”，形容詞作