湖北省重點高中智學聯(lián)盟2023-2024學年高二下學期5月聯(lián)考英語試卷

湖北省重點高中智學聯(lián)盟2024年春季高二年級5月聯(lián)考英語試題本試題共10頁，67題。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘。考試時間：2024年5月23日上午8：00—10：00★?？荚図樌镒⒁馐马棧?.答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，用簽字筆或鋼筆將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Hostessandguest.B.Husbandandwife.C.Bossandsecretary.2.WhatwillAnnadonext?A.MeetJames.B.Sendamessage.C.Changethetime.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inabookstore.C.Inalibrary.4.Whatisthewoman’stelephonenumber?A.02086557621.B.02086657321.C.02026557321.5.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Annoyed.B.Disappointed.C.Puzzled.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.Tobookatableforadinner.B.Toadjustthediningtime.C.Tochangethenumberofdiners.7.Whattimeisthemangoingtohavethedinner?A.At4.B.At6.C.At7:30.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatistheman’sproblemwithEnglish?A.Listening.B.Speaking.C.Vocabulary.9.Wheredoestheman’sproblemlie?A.Formsofwords.B.Stressofwords.C.Meaningofwords.10.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Speakwithnatives.B.PracticeoralEnglish.C.Seesomefilms.聽第8段材料，回答第11至14題。11.Whatdidthemando?A.Herepairedsomebookshelves.B.Hebrokeawaterpipe.C.Hehiredarepairman.12.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’swork?A.Successful.B.Economical.C.Disastrous.13.Whatdoweknowaboutthebook?A.Itisexpensive.B.ItisaguidebooktoDIY.C.ItistakenfromMr.Neil’sbookshelf.14.WhatisNeilgoingtodo?A.Readthebook.B.Savesomemoney.C.Changethepipe.聽第9段材料，回答第15至17題。15.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Conductinganinterview.B.Assigninghomework.C.Givingalecture.16.WhatisTeachChina?A.Aruralschool.B.Aneducationalorganization.C.Acooperativefactory.17.WhendidthemanstartteachinginTeachChina?A.In2015.B.In2016.C.In2018.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatmakesBeethoven’smusicspecialtothespeaker?A.Familyrelatedemotions.B.Pianorelatedpractices.C.Educationrelatedexperiences.19.WhydoesthespeakerlikeBeethoven’sSymphonyNo.6?A.Itispuretohim.B.Itissimpletohim.C.Itisinspiringtohim.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Hisloveforclassicalmusic.B.HisfavoriteBeethovenmusic.C.HisviewonBeethovenmusic.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWashingtonD.C.ishometoover70museums,including19freeSmithsonianmuseumsandgalleries.Witheachmuseumboastingnumerousmustseeexhibits,tryingtochoosewheretostartcanbeachallenge.Here,we’vebrokendownafewexhibitsingtoD.C.in2024youwanttomakesureyoucatch:TheNationalMuseumofWomenintheArtsTheNMWAhasastunningexhibitioncalled“InFocus:ArtistsatWork”thathighlightsthepracticesandperspectivesofeightcontemporarycollectionartistsviashortdocumentarystylevideos.Inadditiontootherinterestingexhibits,thismuseumisamustvisitin2024!Monet:TheImmersiveExperienceInthismultisensorywonderland,Monet’svividmasterpiecesarebroughttolifethrough360°digitalprojectionsoftheFrenchartist’siconicpiecesandhisimpressionistbrushstrokes(筆畫).FamousworkslikeTheWaterLilyPond,Poppies,Sunrise,andmorewillturnaroundtheroom,pletelycaptivatingyouasyouwanderabouttheopenspace,orsitandtakeitallin.HirshhornMuseum:OSGEMEOS:ENDLESSSTORYThe“OSGEMEOS:ENDLESSSTORY”exhibitwillbeoneofthelargestdisplaysoftheBrazilliantwinartists,GustavoandOtavioPandolfo.Theextremelyinterestingandinnovativeexhibitreflectstheartists’useofmodernstyleslikestreetgraffiti(涂鴉)andurbanart,conveyedusingmediumslikewoodandcanvas.TheRubellMuseum’sAlexandreDiop:JoobaJubba,l’ArtduDefiItfeaturestheworkofFrancoSangaleseViennabasedartistAlexandreDiop.Theworkisinspiredbyconceptslikecolonialismandmigrationandtheirimpactonthemeslikeancestry,tradition,andsuffering.1.HowdoestheartelivelytoaudienceinMonet:TheImmersiveExperience?A.Bydocumentarystylevideos. B.Bydigitalprojections.C.Bymodernstyles. D.Bylifelikeartwork.2.Whichissuitableforakidfondofdrawingoncanvasandstreetgraffiti?A.TheNationalMuseumofWomenintheArts.B.Monet:TheImmersiveExperience.C.HirshhornMuseum:OSGEMEOS:ENDLESSSTORY.D.TheRubellMuseum’sAlexandreDiop:JoobaJubba,I’ArtduDefi.3.WhatcanvisitorslearnfromtheworkinAlexandreDiop?A.Perspectivesofartists. B.Impressionistmasterpieces.C.Streetgraffitiandurbanart. D.Theinfluenceofhistoryonart.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章列出了2024年將在華盛頓舉行的一些展覽?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Monet:TheImmersiveExperience中的“Inthismultisensorywonderland,Monet’svividmasterpiecesarebroughttolifethrough360°digitalprojectionsoftheFrenchartist’siconicpiecesandhisimpressionistbrushstrokes(筆畫).(在這個多感官的仙境中，通過360°數(shù)字投影，法國藝術家的標志性作品和他的印象派筆觸，莫奈生動的杰作栩栩如生。)”因此，可知藝術通過技術變得生動起來，觀眾可以身臨其境地感受藝術的魅力。即通過數(shù)字投影。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HirshhornMuseum:OSGEMEOS:ENDLESSSTORY中的“Theextremelyinterestingandinnovativeexhibitreflectstheartists’useofmodernstyleslikestreetgraffiti(涂鴉)andurbanart,conveyedusingmediumslikewoodandcanvas.(這個非常有趣和創(chuàng)新的展覽反映了藝術家們對現(xiàn)代風格的使用，比如街頭涂鴉和城市藝術，用木頭和帆布等媒介來傳達。)”可知這個非常適合喜歡在畫布上畫畫和街頭涂鴉的孩子。因此，選項C是這個孩子的最佳選擇。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheRubellMuseum’sAlexandreDiop:JoobaJubba,l’ArtduDefi中的“ItfeaturestheworkofFrancoSangaleseViennabasedartistAlexandreDiop.Theworkisinspiredbyconceptslikecolonialismandmigrationandtheirimpactonthemeslikeancestry,tradition,andsuffering.(它的特色是維也納藝術家亞歷山大·迪奧普(AlexandreDiop)的作品。作品的靈感來自殖民主義和移民等概念，以及它們對祖先、傳統(tǒng)和苦難等主題的影響。)”因此，參觀者可以從AlexandreDiop的作品中了解到歷史對藝術的影響，故選D。BTheschoolslocatedintheEastEndofHouston,Texas,servesomeofthepoorest,mostatriskstudentsintheHoustonIndependentSchoolDistrict.Likemanyurbanareas,Houston’sEastEndisa“fooddesert,”wherefresh,affordableproduceishardtofind,whileunhealthyfoodsfromconveniencestoresandfastfoodrestaurantsarewidelyavailable.Thebinationofurbanpollutionandunhealthyfoodshaveledtodiabetes(糖尿病),obesity,andassociatedillnessesintheEastEnd.Throughayouthled“GreenAmbassador”programrootedintheenvironmentaleducationcurriculumofProjectLearningTree(PLT),studentsfromEastEndschoolsareaimingtochangetheirneighborhood.TheirgoalistotransformtheirmunityfromafooddeserttoafoodforestthatcansupplytheEastEnd’sresidentswithfresh,naturalfoodswhilealsoprovidingfoodandshelterforwildlife.They’replantingonefruittreeandonemunitygardenatatime,linkingtheirschoolsandneighborhoodstoformaHoustonEastEndGreenbelt.EmersonHernandez,astudentatFurrHighSchool,joinedtheschool’sPLTGreenSchools’GreenTeaminninthgrade.TheprogramsparkedapassiontoworkwithhisclassmatesandotherparticipatingGreenSchoolstotransformhismunityintoathrivinggreencorridor.“ThroughPLTyou’reencouragingpeopletotakeaction,todosomethingfortheirneighborhood.Andwhileyou’redoingit,you’relearningallkindsofotherthings—math,socialstudies,history,science,andwriting,”saysHernandez.Theyhaveplantedmorethan200treesallovertheEastEndofHouston,createdandtendedmorethan200vegetablegardenbedsinthemunity,andraisedapproximately3,000poundsofsweetpotatoes,andothervegetablesthathavebeendonatedtoareafoodbanks.“Emersonissuchaphenomenalyoungleader,”saysTamberlyConway,DiversityandInclusionSpecialistattheU.S.ForestService.“Hecanspeaktoadultsandpeersalike.He’sbeenanincrediblerolemodel.Hispassionandloveshinethrough.”4.Howdoestheauthorbeginthepassage?A.Bygivinganexample. B.Bydescribingascene.C.Bypresentingtheproblem. D.Byparingphenomena.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutstudentsfromEastEndschools?A.Theydonatefoodstothemunity.B.Theybinecurriculumstudywithlabor.C.Theyfounded“GreenAmbassador”program.D.Theyappealformunitywildlifeprotection.6.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeEmerson?A.Thoughtfulandgifted. B.Curiousandaggressive.C.Pioneeringandcreative. D.Responsibleandenthusiastic.7.Whatisthemainideaoftheparagraph4?A.Donationraisedbystudents. B.Students’achievementsinmunity.C.Students’extracurricularperformance. D.Students’appealforcropproduction.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了休斯頓東區(qū)學校的“綠色大使”項目。該項目旨在改變東區(qū)作為“食物沙漠”的現(xiàn)狀，通過種植果樹和社區(qū)菜園，為居民提供新鮮自然的食物，并為野生動物提供食物和棲息地。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。作者在第一段“TheschoolslocatedintheEastEndofHouston,Texas,servesomeofthepoorest,mostatriskstudentsintheHoustonIndependentSchoolDistrict.Likemanyurbanareas,Houston’sEastEndisa“fooddesert,”wherefresh,affordableproduceishardtofind,whileunhealthyfoodsfromconveniencestoresandfastfoodrestaurantsarewidelyavailable.Thebinationofurbanpollutionandunhealthyfoodshaveledtodiabetes(糖尿病),obesity,andassociatedillnessesintheEastEnd.(這些學校位于德克薩斯州休斯頓東區(qū)，為休斯頓獨立學區(qū)一些最貧困、最危險的學生提供服務。像許多城市地區(qū)一樣，休斯頓東區(qū)是一個“食物沙漠”，在那里很難找到新鮮的、負擔得起的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，而便利店和快餐店里的不健康食品卻隨處可見。在東區(qū)，城市污染和不健康食品的結合導致了糖尿病、肥胖和相關疾病)”中描述了休斯頓東區(qū)面臨的食物短缺和健康問題，進而引出下文“Throughayouthled“GreenAmbassador”programrootedintheenvironmentaleducationcurriculumofProjectLearningTree(PLT),studentsfromEastEndschoolsareaimingtochangetheirneighborhood.(通過一個由青年主導的“綠色大使”項目，該項目植根于“學習樹項目”的環(huán)境教育課程，來自倫敦東區(qū)學校的學生們旨在改變他們的社區(qū))”對“綠色大使”項目的介紹。由此可知，作者是通過展示問題的方式來開始這篇文章。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“TheprogramsparkedapassiontoworkwithhisclassmatesandotherparticipatingGreenSchoolstotransformhismunityintoathrivinggreencorridor.“ThroughPLTyou’reencouragingpeopletotakeaction,todosomethingfortheirneighborhood.Andwhileyou’redoingit,you’relearningallkindsofotherthings—math,socialstudies,history,science,andwriting,”saysHernandez.(這個項目激發(fā)了他與同學和其他參與綠色學校的人一起工作的熱情，把他的社區(qū)變成了一個繁榮的綠色走廊。“通過PLT，你鼓勵人們采取行動，為他們的社區(qū)做點什么。當你這樣做的時候，你會學到各種各樣的其他東西——數(shù)學、社會研究、歷史、科學和寫作，”埃爾南德斯說)”和第四段中“Theyhaveplantedmorethan200treesallovertheEastEndofHouston,createdandtendedmorethan200vegetablegardenbedsinthemunity,andraisedapproximately3,000poundsofsweetpotatoes,andothervegetablesthathavebeendonatedtoareafoodbanks.(他們在休斯頓東區(qū)種植了200多棵樹，在社區(qū)里創(chuàng)建和照料了200多個蔬菜園床，并籌集了大約3000磅的紅薯和其他蔬菜，這些蔬菜已經(jīng)捐贈給了地區(qū)食品銀行)”可知，倫敦東區(qū)綠色學校學生把課程學習和勞動結合了起來。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第段中“EmersonHernandez,astudentatFurrHighSchool,joinedtheschool’sPLTGreenSchools’GreenTeaminninthgrade.TheprogramsparkedapassiontoworkwithhisclassmatesandotherparticipatingGreenSchoolstotransformhismunityintoathrivinggreencorridor.(EmersonHernandez是Furr高中的一名學生，他在九年級時加入了學校的PLTGreenSchools綠色團隊。這個項目激發(fā)了他與同學和其他參與綠色學校的人一起工作的熱情，把他的社區(qū)變成了一個繁榮的綠色走廊)”和最后一段中““Emersonissuchaphenomenalyoungleader,”saysTamberlyConway,DiversityandInclusionSpecialistattheU.S.ForestService.“Hecanspeaktoadultsandpeersalike.He’sbeenanincrediblerolemodel.Hispassionandloveshinethrough.”(“艾默生是一位杰出的年輕領導者，”美國林業(yè)局的多元化和包容性專家坦伯利·康威說?！八梢耘c成年人和同齡人交談。他是一個不可思議的榜樣。他的激情和愛閃耀著光芒?！?”可推知，Emerson是年輕的領導者，是一個有責任心和激情的人。故選D項。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Theyhaveplantedmorethan200treesallovertheEastEndofHouston,createdandtendedmorethan200vegetablegardenbedsinthemunity,andraisedapproximately3,000poundsofsweetpotatoes,andothervegetablesthathavebeendonatedtoareafoodbanks.(他們在休斯頓東區(qū)種植了200多棵樹，在社區(qū)里創(chuàng)建和照料了200多個蔬菜園床，并籌集了大約3000磅的紅薯和其他蔬菜，這些蔬菜已經(jīng)捐贈給了地區(qū)食品銀行)”可知，第四段主要介紹了學生們在社區(qū)所取得的成就。故選B項。CManypeopleassumetoday’seasylongdistancecollaboration(合作)shouldreleaseafloodofcreativescientificresearch—but,strangely,anewstudysuggeststheoppositemaybetrue.Severalreasonshavebeensuggestedforanapparentslowdowninnewresearchideas,butitseemsremotecollaborationitselfmaybealimitingfactor.ForarecentstudyinNature,UniversityofPittsburghsocialscientistLingfeiWuandhiscolleaguesfoundthatteamscollaboratingremotelyproducefewerbreakthroughs.Theresearchersanalyzed20millionresearchpaperspublishedbetween1960and2020andfourmillionpatentsfiledbetween1976and2020toassesshow“disruptive”theywerebyanalyzingquotations.Highlydisruptivestudieswerethosethatputearlierworktoshameandopennewavenuesofresearch;articlesthatquotethemusuallydon’talsoquoteearlierstudiestheybuildon.Lessdisruptivestudiesbuildonpreviouswork,andarticlesquotingthemtypicallyalsoquotepriorstudies.Theresearchersfoundthatasthedistancebetweenauthors’workplacesincreasesfromzerotoatleast600kilometers,theirpapers’beingdisruptivefallsbyroughlyaquarter.Toinvestigatewhy,Wuandhisteamanalyzedresearchers’selfreportedroles.Theyfoundthatthoseworkingtogetherinpersonweremorelikelytofocusonconceptualtasks—thekindofworklikelytoproducenewideas.Researcherscollaboratingremotelyweremorelikelytodotechnicalworksuchasdataanalysis.Theteamalsofoundthatwhenresearchersweregatheringinperson,evenbigdifferencesbetweenindividuals’quotationnumbershadlittleeffectonthelikelihoodoftheircollaboratingonconceptualwork.Butinremoteteams,thechancesofresearchersjointlyproducingideasdeclinedwhenonehadsignificantlymorequotationsthantheother.Thefindingschallengetheassumptionthatmerelyconnectingpeopleonlineleadstothegrowthofnewideas.Intheory,remotecollaborationenablesmorenewbinationsofknowledge.However,ifnewinnovationisencouraged,peopleshouldbebroughttogetherinsteadofrelyingondigitalinfrastructure(基礎設施).”8.Whatdoestheunderlined“disruptive”meaninparagraph3?A.Creative. B.Destructive. C.Unique. D.Representative.9.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlyprove?A.Inpersoncollaborationbringsabouttechnicalwork.B.Longdistancecollaborationdoesn’tbenefitnewideas.C.Longdistancecollaborationisofgreatimportance.D.Inpersoncollaborationisbetterthanlongdistanceone.10.Inremoteteams,newideasmayoccuratleastwhen______.A.onlineindividualscontributetothediscussionB.equipmentforremotecollaborationisavailableC.individuals’quotationsinbothsidesareequalD.researchers’quotationsdiffergreatlyinnumber11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Researcherscollaborateremotelytobemorecreative.B.Scientistscollaboratebetterwhentheyarefartherapart.C.Scientistsinnovatemorewhileworkingtogetherinperson.D.Researchersmakebreakthroughswithdigitalinfrastructure.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)遠程合作不利于科學創(chuàng)新，面對面合作更能催生新思想。【8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文“thatputearlierworktoshameandopennewavenuesofresearch(讓早期的工作黯然失色，并開辟了新的研究途徑的研究)”可知，highlydisruptive的研究是那些使早期工作黯然失色并開辟新的研究途徑的研究，因此disruptive的意思是“創(chuàng)新性的，顛覆性的”。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theresearchersfoundthatasthedistancebetweenauthors’workplacesincreasesfromzerotoatleast600kilometers,theirpapers’beingdisruptivefallsbyroughlyaquarter.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著作者工作地點之間的距離從0增加到至少600公里，他們論文的創(chuàng)造性降低了大約四分之一。)”可知，隨著作者工作地點之間的距離增加，他們的論文具有創(chuàng)造性的可能性降低，這表明長距離合作不利于新思想的產(chǎn)生。因此，該段主要證明了遠距離合作對新思想沒有好處。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Butinremoteteams,thechancesofresearchersjointlyproducingideasdeclinedwhenonehadsignificantlymorequotationsthantheother.(但在遠程團隊中，當一個人的引用次數(shù)明顯多于另一個人時，研究人員共同提出想法的機會就會下降。)”可知，在遠程合作中，如果一方的引用數(shù)量顯著高于另一方，那么他們共同產(chǎn)生新思想的機會就會大幅下降。因此，至少當兩邊的引用數(shù)量相等時，或許才可能促進新思想的產(chǎn)生。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。文章主要講述了面對面合作更能催生新思想，而遠程合作則不利于新思想的產(chǎn)生。因此，最適合的標題是“科學家們面對面合作時更能創(chuàng)新”。故選C。DWillfulignoranceexistsinlargeamountindailylife.Peopleregularlylooktheotherwayratherthanexaminingtheconsequencesoftheiractions.Despiteplentyofscientificevidenceforclimatechange,forinstance,manypeoplestillavoidengagingwithfactsaboutglobalwarming.Wewantedtounderstandhowmonwillfulignoranceisandwhypeopleengageinit.Aftercollectingdatafrommultipleresearchprojectsthatinvolvedmorethan6,000individuals,wediscoveredthatwillfulignoranceismonandharmful,with40percentofpeoplechoosing“nottoknow”theconsequencesoftheiractionstofreethemselvesofguiltwhilemaximizingtheirowngains.Butwealsofoundthatabout40percentofpeopleareunselfish:ratherthanavoidinginformationabouttheconsequencesoftheiractions,theyseekitouttoincreasethebenefitstoothers.Intheexperiments,thedecisionsweremadeinoneoftwosettings.Inthetransparent(透明的)setting,decisionmakershadinformationabouthowtheirchoicewouldaffectthemselvesandtheirpartner.Inanambiguous(模糊的)setting,decisionmakersknewhowtheirchoicewouldmatterforthemselvesbutnotfortheirteammate—althoughtheycouldrequestthatinsight.Theoverallbalancetippedtowardselfishnesswhenparticipantshadtheoptiontoavoidinformation.Only39percentofpeopleintheambiguoussettingmadethechoicethatultimatelybenefitedtheirpartner—asignificantdropfrom55percentinthetransparentcondition.Ifwecanavoidputtingastrongmoralemphasisondecisions,itmaymakepeoplefeellessthreatenedand,asaresult,belesswillfullyignorant.Otherresearchgroupshavefoundpromisingwaystodothis.Forinstance,wecouldencouragepeopletothinkmorepositivelyaboutgooddeedsratherthanguilttripthemforwhattheyhavefailedtodo.Highlightingrecentglobalachievements,suchashealingtheozone(臭氧)layer,caninspirepeopletokeepupthegoodworkratherthanfeelinglikethebattleislostandthatthesituationishopeless.Inshort,wecanencourageoneanotherandourselvestowardmoreselflessandgenerousactions.12.Whydosomepeoplechoosenottoknowtheconsequencesoftheiractions?A.Tomakeeasierchoicestobeagoodperson.B.Toincreasetheirownbenefitsmorethanothers’.C.Toavoidtheinfluenceofconsequencesonactions.D.Togetthemostbenefitswithoutasenseofshame.13.Howcanwillfulignorancebeprevented?A.Byfocusinglessonitsmorality. B.Bystressingitspotentialthreat.C.Bybeingmorepositiveaboutoneself. D.Bygettingpeopleawareoftheiractions.14.Whichpartofthemagazineisthepassagetakenfrom?A.Culture. B.Environment. C.Psychology. D.Biology.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thereasonforwillfulignorance.B.Theresultsofwillfulignorance.C.Theharmfuleffectsofwillfulignorance.D.Theinfluenceofwillfulignoranceonenvironment.【答案】12D13.A14.C15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。本文討論了故意無知(willfulignorance)的現(xiàn)象，即人們選擇不去了解某些信息以避免對自己行為后果的負罪感，并追求個人利益的最大化。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，有些人故意無知事實以逃避罪惡感，而有些人則積極尋求信息以增加對他人的益處。文章提出通過改變道德框架來減少故意無知的發(fā)生，并鼓勵人們采取更無私和慷慨的行動。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“wediscoveredthatwillfulignoranceismonandharmful,with40percentofpeoplechoosing“nottoknow”theconsequencesoftheiractionstofreethemselvesofguiltwhilemaximizingtheirowngains.

(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，故意的無知是常見且有害的，40%的人選擇“不知道”他們行為的后果，以釋放自己的罪惡感，同時最大化自己的利益。)”可知，有些人選擇“不知道”他們行為的后果是為了逃避罪惡感，同時最大化自己的利益。因此，他們選擇不知道是為了獲得最大的利益而不感到羞恥。故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Ifwecanavoidputtingastrongmoralemphasisondecisions,itmaymakepeoplefeellessthreatenedand,asaresult,belesswillfullyignorant.

(如果我們能夠避免在決策中強調(diào)強烈的道德，它可能會使人們感到較少的威脅，從而減少故意無知。)”可知，減少道德上的強調(diào)或壓力可以幫助防止有意無知即通過減少對其道德的關注可以防止有意無知。故選A。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Willfulignoranceexistsinlargeamountindailylife.Peopleregularlylooktheotherwayratherthanexaminingtheconsequencesoftheiractions.(在日常生活中大量存在著故意無知。人們經(jīng)常睜一只眼閉一只眼，而不去審視自己行為的后果。)”以及通讀全文可知，文章介紹的是故意無知的心理現(xiàn)象，即人們選擇不去了解某些信息以避免對自己行為后果的負罪感，并追求個人利益的最大化。因此，文章很可能來自心理學雜志。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Willfulignoranceexistsinlargeamountindailylife.Peopleregularlylooktheotherwayratherthanexaminingtheconsequencesoftheiractions.(在日常生活中大量存在著故意無知。人們經(jīng)常睜一只眼閉一只眼，而不去審視自己行為的后果。)”可知，文章介紹的是故意無知的心理現(xiàn)象；同時根據(jù)第二段“wediscoveredthatwillfulignoranceismonandharmful,with40percentofpeoplechoosing“nottoknow”theconsequencesoftheiractionstofreethemselvesofguiltwhilemaximizingtheirowngains.

(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，故意的無知是常見且有害的，40%的人選擇“不知道”他們行為的后果，以釋放自己的罪惡感，同時最大化自己的利益。)”可知，有些人選擇“故意無知”的行為是為了逃避罪惡感，同時最大化自己的利益，即揭示了“故意無知”產(chǎn)生的原因；同時，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Ifwecanavoidputtingastrongmoralemphasisondecisions,itmaymakepeoplefeellessthreatenedand,asaresult,belesswillfullyignorant.

(如果我們能夠避免在決策中強調(diào)強烈的道德，它可能會使人們感到較少的威脅，從而減少故意無知。)”可知，此處指出如何通過改變道德框架來預防故意無知。因此，文章的主要內(nèi)容是介紹關于故意無知的心理現(xiàn)象，及其形成原因。A選項“Thereasonforwillfulignorance.(故意無知的原因。)”概括文章內(nèi)容，符合標題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Timemanagementcanhelpyoustandoutinyourstudies,shineatwork,andfeellessstressed.Buthowcanyoumanageyourroutineeffectively?It’sactuallyeasierthanyou’dthink.Byteachingyouafewsimpletricks,we’llshowyouhowtotransformyourtimemanagementskills.___16___Beforebeginningyourworkloadfortheday,prioritize.Todolistsareagreattool,butorganizethemalittleratherthanjustwritingdowneverythingthatneedstogetdone.Listtasksundereachcategory.Forexample,ifyouneedtofinishareportforwork,thatwouldbeanurgenttask.Ifyouneedtobeginanotherworkproject,butthedeadlineisnotforanothertwoweeks,thatwouldbean“important,butnoturgent”task.___17___Donotmultitask.Manypeopleassumemultitaskingisagreatwaytogetmoredoneandmanagetimewisely.However,focusingonmultipletasksactuallymakesyoulessproductive.Thingswilltakelongertodo,asyou’renotgivinganythingyourfullattention.Focuspletelyononetaskatatimeinstead.___18___Createtherightenvironmenttowork.Aworkenvironmentcanhelpwithyouroverallproductivity.Therearenostrictrulesaboutaworkenvironment,sopickwhatfeelsrightforyou.___19___Thesefeelingswillhelpyoustayontaskandbeproductive.Forexample,aparticularartistmayinspireyou.Investinafewoftheirpaintingsandhangtheseuponyourwalls.Avoidinterruptionsasmuchaspossible.Interruptionsdisruptyourworkflow.Ifyou’reinthemiddleofataskandstoptodosomethingelse,itcanbehardtogetbackintoworkmode.Whenyou’reworkingonatask,trytopleteitbeforedoingsomethingelse.Forexample,ifyourealizeyouneedtoreturnanemailwhileyou’reinthemiddleofsomethingelse,donotstoptoreturntheemail.___20___A.Doimportanttasksfirst.B.Listyourtasksintermsofimportance.C.Instead,setitdownsomewhereandgettoitafteryoufinishthetaskathand.D.Youwillgetyourworkdonequickerthisway,allowingyoutomakethemostofyourtime.E.Surroundyourselfwithinspiringdecorationsthathelpyoufeelenthusiasticandpassionate.F.Ifyouwouldliketogoforarunafterwork,butit’snotvital,thatwouldbea“l(fā)owpriority”task.G.Doyourbesttoavoidinterruptions,butdonotbeatyourselfupovertheoccasionaldistractionatwork.【答案】16.B17.F18.D19.E20.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了關于進行時間管理的一些技巧。16題詳解】空處為本段小標題。根據(jù)下文“Beforebeginningyourworkloadfortheday,prioritize.Todolistsareagreattool,butorganizethemalittleratherthanjustwritingdowneverythingthatneedstogetdone.Listtasksundereachcategory.(在開始一天的工作之前，要分清輕重緩急。待辦事項清單是一個很好的工具，但要稍微組織一下，而不是把所有需要完成的事情都寫下來。在每個類別下列出任務。)”可知本段講述我們需要對任務進行某種形式的分類或排序。后文舉例通過按重要性對任務進行排序，我們可以更清晰地了解哪些任務需要優(yōu)先處理，哪些可以稍后處理，從而更有效地管理時間。選項B“按重要性列出你的任務。”最能綜合概括主旨，是最佳標題。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Forexample,ifyouneedtofinishareportforwork,thatwouldbeanurgenttask.Ifyouneedtobeginanotherworkproject,butthedeadlineisnotforanothertwoweeks,thatwouldbean“important,butnoturgent”task.(例如，如果你需要完成一份工作報告，那將是一個緊急任務。如果你需要開始另一個工作項目，但截止日期還不到兩周，那就是一個“重要但不緊急”的任務。)”可知前文提到了分類任務的重要性，并給出了兩個例子：一個緊急任務和一個重要但不緊急的任務。接下來，此處應該繼續(xù)對任務進行分類的說明，選項F“如果你下班后想去跑步，但不是很重要，那就是“低優(yōu)先級”的任務?！闭门c前文關于任務分類的論述相呼應。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)小標題“不要同時處理多個任務”，可知本段也強調(diào)了專注和單一任務處理的重要性。選項D“這樣你會更快地完成工作，讓你充分利用時間?！闭檬菍@一觀點的補充和解釋。它說明了專注處理單一任務能夠帶來的好處，即提高工作效率和時間利用率。故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Aworkenvironmentcanhelpwithyouroverallproductivity.Therearenostrictrulesaboutaworkenvironment,sopickwhatfeelsrightforyou.(工作環(huán)境可以提高你的整體效率。工作環(huán)境沒有嚴格的規(guī)定，所以選擇適合你的。)”可知創(chuàng)造有利于工作的環(huán)境是提升效率的一個重要方面。選項E“讓自己周圍充滿鼓舞人心的裝飾，讓你感到熱情和激情?！闭顷P于如何創(chuàng)造這樣一個環(huán)境的建議，而且照應空后的指示代詞these(feelings)。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Interruptionsdisruptyourworkflow.Ifyou’reinthemiddleofataskandstoptodosomethingelse,itcanbehardtogetbackintoworkmode.Whenyou’reworkingonatask,trytopleteitbeforedoingsomethingelse.Forexample,ifyourealizeyouneedtoreturnanemailwhileyou’reinthemiddleofsomethingelse,donotstoptoreturntheemail.(干擾會打亂你的工作流程。如果你正在做一項任務，然后停下來做其他事情，那么你就很難再回到工作模式了。當你在做一項任務時，試著在做其他事情之前完成它。例如，如果你意識到你在處理其他事情的時候需要回一封電子郵件，不要停下來回郵件。)”可知本段強調(diào)了避免中斷的重要性，因此選項C“相反，把它放在某個地方，完成手頭的任務后再去做。”與前文內(nèi)容相符，提出了一個具體的避免中斷的方法，即先將中斷事項記下，待當前任務完成后再去處理。故選C。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。I’vebeenacollegeprofessorteachingpeoplehowtothinkmorecreativelyandusemoreoftheirbrainpower.____21____,thislifetimepassionwasawakenedbyacasualcontestinmychildhood.Atapicnicofmyfather’spany,theyheldcontestsforkids—whothrewaclothhandkerchiefthefarthestthistime.I,13yearsold,wasfullofthespiritof____22____,soIthrewmyselfintothecontest,which,Irealizenow,wasnotmeantto____23____realskills,butsimplyforlaughs.Butitstirredmy____24____ofthinkingoutsidethebox.Itdisturbedmetoseethekidsthrowing____25____whenthehandkerchiefalwaysopenedandstopped.The____26____wasnottothrowharderbuttopreventtheclothfrom____27____.SupposeIhidarockintheclothwithouttyingit.Therockwoulddrivetheclothatleast____28____thantheothers,andwhentheyseparated,peoplemightnotnoticeasmallrock____29____nearby.Ihadagoodchanceof_____30_____it,butIdidn’twanttowinbycheating.SoIhadtomakethehandkerchiefflylikearock.Likearock!Thatwasit!I_____31_____tiedknot(結)afterknotuntilitwasthesizeofalargewalnut(核桃),likeastrong_____32_____.Ithrewhard,andtheballedhandkerchiefrocketedoff60feetaway.A