湖北省重點高中智學(xué)聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期5月聯(lián)考英語試卷

湖北省重點高中智學(xué)聯(lián)盟2024年春季高二年級5月聯(lián)考英語試題本試題共10頁，67題。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘?？荚嚂r間：2024年5月23日上午8：00—10：00★?？荚図樌镒⒁馐马棧?.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，用簽字筆或鋼筆將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Hostessandguest.B.Husbandandwife.C.Bossandsecretary.2.WhatwillAnnadonext?A.MeetJames.B.Sendamessage.C.Changethetime.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inabookstore.C.Inalibrary.4.Whatisthewoman’stelephonenumber?A.02086557621.B.02086657321.C.02026557321.5.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Annoyed.B.Disappointed.C.Puzzled.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.Tobookatableforadinner.B.Toadjustthediningtime.C.Tochangethenumberofdiners.7.Whattimeisthemangoingtohavethedinner?A.At4.B.At6.C.At7:30.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatistheman’sproblemwithEnglish?A.Listening.B.Speaking.C.Vocabulary.9.Wheredoestheman’sproblemlie?A.Formsofwords.B.Stressofwords.C.Meaningofwords.10.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Speakwithnatives.B.PracticeoralEnglish.C.Seesomefilms.聽第8段材料，回答第11至14題。11.Whatdidthemando?A.Herepairedsomebookshelves.B.Hebrokeawaterpipe.C.Hehiredarepairman.12.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’swork?A.Successful.B.Economical.C.Disastrous.13.Whatdoweknowaboutthebook?A.Itisexpensive.B.ItisaguidebooktoDIY.C.ItistakenfromMr.Neil’sbookshelf.14.WhatisNeilgoingtodo?A.Readthebook.B.Savesomemoney.C.Changethepipe.聽第9段材料，回答第15至17題。15.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Conductinganinterview.B.Assigninghomework.C.Givingalecture.16.WhatisTeachChina?A.Aruralschool.B.Aneducationalorganization.C.Acooperativefactory.17.WhendidthemanstartteachinginTeachChina?A.In2015.B.In2016.C.In2018.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatmakesBeethoven’smusicspecialtothespeaker?A.Familyrelatedemotions.B.Pianorelatedpractices.C.Educationrelatedexperiences.19.WhydoesthespeakerlikeBeethoven’sSymphonyNo.6?A.Itispuretohim.B.Itissimpletohim.C.Itisinspiringtohim.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Hisloveforclassicalmusic.B.HisfavoriteBeethovenmusic.C.HisviewonBeethovenmusic.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWashingtonD.C.ishometoover70museums,including19freeSmithsonianmuseumsandgalleries.Witheachmuseumboastingnumerousmustseeexhibits,tryingtochoosewheretostartcanbeachallenge.Here,we’vebrokendownafewexhibitsingtoD.C.in2024youwanttomakesureyoucatch:TheNationalMuseumofWomenintheArtsTheNMWAhasastunningexhibitioncalled“InFocus:ArtistsatWork”thathighlightsthepracticesandperspectivesofeightcontemporarycollectionartistsviashortdocumentarystylevideos.Inadditiontootherinterestingexhibits,thismuseumisamustvisitin2024!Monet:TheImmersiveExperienceInthismultisensorywonderland,Monet’svividmasterpiecesarebroughttolifethrough360°digitalprojectionsoftheFrenchartist’siconicpiecesandhisimpressionistbrushstrokes(筆畫).FamousworkslikeTheWaterLilyPond,Poppies,Sunrise,andmorewillturnaroundtheroom,pletelycaptivatingyouasyouwanderabouttheopenspace,orsitandtakeitallin.HirshhornMuseum:OSGEMEOS:ENDLESSSTORYThe“OSGEMEOS:ENDLESSSTORY”exhibitwillbeoneofthelargestdisplaysoftheBrazilliantwinartists,GustavoandOtavioPandolfo.Theextremelyinterestingandinnovativeexhibitreflectstheartists’useofmodernstyleslikestreetgraffiti(涂鴉)andurbanart,conveyedusingmediumslikewoodandcanvas.TheRubellMuseum’sAlexandreDiop:JoobaJubba,l’ArtduDefiItfeaturestheworkofFrancoSangaleseViennabasedartistAlexandreDiop.Theworkisinspiredbyconceptslikecolonialismandmigrationandtheirimpactonthemeslikeancestry,tradition,andsuffering.1.HowdoestheartelivelytoaudienceinMonet:TheImmersiveExperience?A.Bydocumentarystylevideos. B.Bydigitalprojections.C.Bymodernstyles. D.Bylifelikeartwork.2.Whichissuitableforakidfondofdrawingoncanvasandstreetgraffiti?A.TheNationalMuseumofWomenintheArts.B.Monet:TheImmersiveExperience.C.HirshhornMuseum:OSGEMEOS:ENDLESSSTORY.D.TheRubellMuseum’sAlexandreDiop:JoobaJubba,I’ArtduDefi.3.WhatcanvisitorslearnfromtheworkinAlexandreDiop?A.Perspectivesofartists. B.Impressionistmasterpieces.C.Streetgraffitiandurbanart. D.Theinfluenceofhistoryonart.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章列出了2024年將在華盛頓舉行的一些展覽?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Monet:TheImmersiveExperience中的“Inthismultisensorywonderland,Monet’svividmasterpiecesarebroughttolifethrough360°digitalprojectionsoftheFrenchartist’siconicpiecesandhisimpressionistbrushstrokes(筆畫).(在這個多感官的仙境中，通過360°數(shù)字投影，法國藝術(shù)家的標(biāo)志性作品和他的印象派筆觸，莫奈生動的杰作栩栩如生。)”因此，可知藝術(shù)通過技術(shù)變得生動起來，觀眾可以身臨其境地感受藝術(shù)的魅力。即通過數(shù)字投影。故選B。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HirshhornMuseum:OSGEMEOS:ENDLESSSTORY中的“Theextremelyinterestingandinnovativeexhibitreflectstheartists’useofmodernstyleslikestreetgraffiti(涂鴉)andurbanart,conveyedusingmediumslikewoodandcanvas.(這個非常有趣和創(chuàng)新的展覽反映了藝術(shù)家們對現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格的使用，比如街頭涂鴉和城市藝術(shù)，用木頭和帆布等媒介來傳達(dá)。)”可知這個非常適合喜歡在畫布上畫畫和街頭涂鴉的孩子。因此，選項C是這個孩子的最佳選擇。故選C。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheRubellMuseum’sAlexandreDiop:JoobaJubba,l’ArtduDefi中的“ItfeaturestheworkofFrancoSangaleseViennabasedartistAlexandreDiop.Theworkisinspiredbyconceptslikecolonialismandmigrationandtheirimpactonthemeslikeancestry,tradition,andsuffering.(它的特色是維也納藝術(shù)家亞歷山大·迪奧普(AlexandreDiop)的作品。作品的靈感來自殖民主義和移民等概念，以及它們對祖先、傳統(tǒng)和苦難等主題的影響。)”因此，參觀者可以從AlexandreDiop的作品中了解到歷史對藝術(shù)的影響，故選D。BTheschoolslocatedintheEastEndofHouston,Texas,servesomeofthepoorest,mostatriskstudentsintheHoustonIndependentSchoolDistrict.Likemanyurbanareas,Houston’sEastEndisa“fooddesert,”wherefresh,affordableproduceishardtofind,whileunhealthyfoodsfromconveniencestoresandfastfoodrestaurantsarewidelyavailable.Thebinationofurbanpollutionandunhealthyfoodshaveledtodiabetes(糖尿病),obesity,andassociatedillnessesintheEastEnd.Throughayouthled“GreenAmbassador”programrootedintheenvironmentaleducationcurriculumofProjectLearningTree(PLT),studentsfromEastEndschoolsareaimingtochangetheirneighborhood.TheirgoalistotransformtheirmunityfromafooddeserttoafoodforestthatcansupplytheEastEnd’sresidentswithfresh,naturalfoodswhilealsoprovidingfoodandshelterforwildlife.They’replantingonefruittreeandonemunitygardenatatime,linkingtheirschoolsandneighborhoodstoformaHoustonEastEndGreenbelt.EmersonHernandez,astudentatFurrHighSchool,joinedtheschool’sPLTGreenSchools’GreenTeaminninthgrade.TheprogramsparkedapassiontoworkwithhisclassmatesandotherparticipatingGreenSchoolstotransformhismunityintoathrivinggreencorridor.“ThroughPLTyou’reencouragingpeopletotakeaction,todosomethingfortheirneighborhood.Andwhileyou’redoingit,you’relearningallkindsofotherthings—math,socialstudies,history,science,andwriting,”saysHernandez.Theyhaveplantedmorethan200treesallovertheEastEndofHouston,createdandtendedmorethan200vegetablegardenbedsinthemunity,andraisedapproximately3,000poundsofsweetpotatoes,andothervegetablesthathavebeendonatedtoareafoodbanks.“Emersonissuchaphenomenalyoungleader,”saysTamberlyConway,DiversityandInclusionSpecialistattheU.S.ForestService.“Hecanspeaktoadultsandpeersalike.He’sbeenanincrediblerolemodel.Hispassionandloveshinethrough.”4.Howdoestheauthorbeginthepassage?A.Bygivinganexample. B.Bydescribingascene.C.Bypresentingtheproblem. D.Byparingphenomena.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutstudentsfromEastEndschools?A.Theydonatefoodstothemunity.B.Theybinecurriculumstudywithlabor.C.Theyfounded“GreenAmbassador”program.D.Theyappealformunitywildlifeprotection.6.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeEmerson?A.Thoughtfulandgifted. B.Curiousandaggressive.C.Pioneeringandcreative. D.Responsibleandenthusiastic.7.Whatisthemainideaoftheparagraph4?A.Donationraisedbystudents. B.Students’achievementsinmunity.C.Students’extracurricularperformance. D.Students’appealforcropproduction.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了休斯頓東區(qū)學(xué)校的“綠色大使”項目。該項目旨在改變東區(qū)作為“食物沙漠”的現(xiàn)狀，通過種植果樹和社區(qū)菜園，為居民提供新鮮自然的食物，并為野生動物提供食物和棲息地?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。作者在第一段“TheschoolslocatedintheEastEndofHouston,Texas,servesomeofthepoorest,mostatriskstudentsintheHoustonIndependentSchoolDistrict.Likemanyurbanareas,Houston’sEastEndisa“fooddesert,”wherefresh,affordableproduceishardtofind,whileunhealthyfoodsfromconveniencestoresandfastfoodrestaurantsarewidelyavailable.Thebinationofurbanpollutionandunhealthyfoodshaveledtodiabetes(糖尿病),obesity,andassociatedillnessesintheEastEnd.(這些學(xué)校位于德克薩斯州休斯頓東區(qū)，為休斯頓獨立學(xué)區(qū)一些最貧困、最危險的學(xué)生提供服務(wù)。像許多城市地區(qū)一樣，休斯頓東區(qū)是一個“食物沙漠”，在那里很難找到新鮮的、負(fù)擔(dān)得起的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，而便利店和快餐店里的不健康食品卻隨處可見。在東區(qū)，城市污染和不健康食品的結(jié)合導(dǎo)致了糖尿病、肥胖和相關(guān)疾病)”中描述了休斯頓東區(qū)面臨的食物短缺和健康問題，進(jìn)而引出下文“Throughayouthled“GreenAmbassador”programrootedintheenvironmentaleducationcurriculumofProjectLearningTree(PLT),studentsfromEastEndschoolsareaimingtochangetheirneighborhood.(通過一個由青年主導(dǎo)的“綠色大使”項目，該項目植根于“學(xué)習(xí)樹項目”的環(huán)境教育課程，來自倫敦東區(qū)學(xué)校的學(xué)生們旨在改變他們的社區(qū))”對“綠色大使”項目的介紹。由此可知，作者是通過展示問題的方式來開始這篇文章。故選C項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“TheprogramsparkedapassiontoworkwithhisclassmatesandotherparticipatingGreenSchoolstotransformhismunityintoathrivinggreencorridor.“ThroughPLTyou’reencouragingpeopletotakeaction,todosomethingfortheirneighborhood.Andwhileyou’redoingit,you’relearningallkindsofotherthings—math,socialstudies,history,science,andwriting,”saysHernandez.(這個項目激發(fā)了他與同學(xué)和其他參與綠色學(xué)校的人一起工作的熱情，把他的社區(qū)變成了一個繁榮的綠色走廊?！巴ㄟ^PLT，你鼓勵人們采取行動，為他們的社區(qū)做點什么。當(dāng)你這樣做的時候，你會學(xué)到各種各樣的其他東西——數(shù)學(xué)、社會研究、歷史、科學(xué)和寫作，”埃爾南德斯說)”和第四段中“Theyhaveplantedmorethan200treesallovertheEastEndofHouston,createdandtendedmorethan200vegetablegardenbedsinthemunity,andraisedapproximately3,000poundsofsweetpotatoes,andothervegetablesthathavebeendonatedtoareafoodbanks.(他們在休斯頓東區(qū)種植了200多棵樹，在社區(qū)里創(chuàng)建和照料了200多個蔬菜園床，并籌集了大約3000磅的紅薯和其他蔬菜，這些蔬菜已經(jīng)捐贈給了地區(qū)食品銀行)”可知，倫敦東區(qū)綠色學(xué)校學(xué)生把課程學(xué)習(xí)和勞動結(jié)合了起來。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第段中“EmersonHernandez,astudentatFurrHighSchool,joinedtheschool’sPLTGreenSchools’GreenTeaminninthgrade.TheprogramsparkedapassiontoworkwithhisclassmatesandotherparticipatingGreenSchoolstotransformhismunityintoathrivinggreencorridor.(EmersonHernandez是Furr高中的一名學(xué)生，他在九年級時加入了學(xué)校的PLTGreenSchools綠色團(tuán)隊。這個項目激發(fā)了他與同學(xué)和其他參與綠色學(xué)校的人一起工作的熱情，把他的社區(qū)變成了一個繁榮的綠色走廊)”和最后一段中““Emersonissuchaphenomenalyoungleader,”saysTamberlyConway,DiversityandInclusionSpecialistattheU.S.ForestService.“Hecanspeaktoadultsandpeersalike.He’sbeenanincrediblerolemodel.Hispassionandloveshinethrough.”(“艾默生是一位杰出的年輕領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，”美國林業(yè)局的多元化和包容性專家坦伯利·康威說?！八梢耘c成年人和同齡人交談。他是一個不可思議的榜樣。他的激情和愛閃耀著光芒?！?”可推知，Emerson是年輕的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，是一個有責(zé)任心和激情的人。故選D項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Theyhaveplantedmorethan200treesallovertheEastEndofHouston,createdandtendedmorethan200vegetablegardenbedsinthemunity,andraisedapproximately3,000poundsofsweetpotatoes,andothervegetablesthathavebeendonatedtoareafoodbanks.(他們在休斯頓東區(qū)種植了200多棵樹，在社區(qū)里創(chuàng)建和照料了200多個蔬菜園床，并籌集了大約3000磅的紅薯和其他蔬菜，這些蔬菜已經(jīng)捐贈給了地區(qū)食品銀行)”可知，第四段主要介紹了學(xué)生們在社區(qū)所取得的成就。故選B項。CManypeopleassumetoday’seasylongdistancecollaboration(合作)shouldreleaseafloodofcreativescientificresearch—but,strangely,anewstudysuggeststheoppositemaybetrue.Severalreasonshavebeensuggestedforanapparentslowdowninnewresearchideas,butitseemsremotecollaborationitselfmaybealimitingfactor.ForarecentstudyinNature,UniversityofPittsburghsocialscientistLingfeiWuandhiscolleaguesfoundthatteamscollaboratingremotelyproducefewerbreakthroughs.Theresearchersanalyzed20millionresearchpaperspublishedbetween1960and2020andfourmillionpatentsfiledbetween1976and2020toassesshow“disruptive”theywerebyanalyzingquotations.Highlydisruptivestudieswerethosethatputearlierworktoshameandopennewavenuesofresearch;articlesthatquotethemusuallydon’talsoquoteearlierstudiestheybuildon.Lessdisruptivestudiesbuildonpreviouswork,andarticlesquotingthemtypicallyalsoquotepriorstudies.Theresearchersfoundthatasthedistancebetweenauthors’workplacesincreasesfromzerotoatleast600kilometers,theirpapers’beingdisruptivefallsbyroughlyaquarter.Toinvestigatewhy,Wuandhisteamanalyzedresearchers’selfreportedroles.Theyfoundthatthoseworkingtogetherinpersonweremorelikelytofocusonconceptualtasks—thekindofworklikelytoproducenewideas.Researcherscollaboratingremotelyweremorelikelytodotechnicalworksuchasdataanalysis.Theteamalsofoundthatwhenresearchersweregatheringinperson,evenbigdifferencesbetweenindividuals’quotationnumbershadlittleeffectonthelikelihoodoftheircollaboratingonconceptualwork.Butinremoteteams,thechancesofresearchersjointlyproducingideasdeclinedwhenonehadsignificantlymorequotationsthantheother.Thefindingschallengetheassumptionthatmerelyconnectingpeopleonlineleadstothegrowthofnewideas.Intheory,remotecollaborationenablesmorenewbinationsofknowledge.However,ifnewinnovationisencouraged,peopleshouldbebroughttogetherinsteadofrelyingondigitalinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).”8.Whatdoestheunderlined“disruptive”meaninparagraph3?A.Creative. B.Destructive. C.Unique. D.Representative.9.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlyprove?A.Inpersoncollaborationbringsabouttechnicalwork.B.Longdistancecollaborationdoesn’tbenefitnewideas.C.Longdistancecollaborationisofgreatimportance.D.Inpersoncollaborationisbetterthanlongdistanceone.10.Inremoteteams,newideasmayoccuratleastwhen______.A.onlineindividualscontributetothediscussionB.equipmentforremotecollaborationisavailableC.individuals’quotationsinbothsidesareequalD.researchers’quotationsdiffergreatlyinnumber11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Researcherscollaborateremotelytobemorecreative.B.Scientistscollaboratebetterwhentheyarefartherapart.C.Scientistsinnovatemorewhileworkingtogetherinperson.D.Researchersmakebreakthroughswithdigitalinfrastructure.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程合作不利于科學(xué)創(chuàng)新，面對面合作更能催生新思想?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文“thatputearlierworktoshameandopennewavenuesofresearch(讓早期的工作黯然失色，并開辟了新的研究途徑的研究)”可知，highlydisruptive的研究是那些使早期工作黯然失色并開辟新的研究途徑的研究，因此disruptive的意思是“創(chuàng)新性的，顛覆性的”。故選A。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theresearchersfoundthatasthedistancebetweenauthors’workplacesincreasesfromzerotoatleast600kilometers,theirpapers’beingdisruptivefallsbyroughlyaquarter.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著作者工作地點之間的距離從0增加到至少600公里，他們論文的創(chuàng)造性降低了大約四分之一。)”可知，隨著作者工作地點之間的距離增加，他們的論文具有創(chuàng)造性的可能性降低，這表明長距離合作不利于新思想的產(chǎn)生。因此，該段主要證明了遠(yuǎn)距離合作對新思想沒有好處。故選B。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Butinremoteteams,thechancesofresearchersjointlyproducingideasdeclinedwhenonehadsignificantlymorequotationsthantheother.(但在遠(yuǎn)程團(tuán)隊中，當(dāng)一個人的引用次數(shù)明顯多于另一個人時，研究人員共同提出想法的機會就會下降。)”可知，在遠(yuǎn)程合作中，如果一方的引用數(shù)量顯著高于另一方，那么他們共同產(chǎn)生新思想的機會就會大幅下降。因此，至少當(dāng)兩邊的引用數(shù)量相等時，或許才可能促進(jìn)新思想的產(chǎn)生。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。文章主要講述了面對面合作更能催生新思想，而遠(yuǎn)程合作則不利于新思想的產(chǎn)生。因此，最適合的標(biāo)題是“科學(xué)家們面對面合作時更能創(chuàng)新”。故選C。DWillfulignoranceexistsinlargeamountindailylife.Peopleregularlylooktheotherwayratherthanexaminingtheconsequencesoftheiractions.Despiteplentyofscientificevidenceforclimatechange,forinstance,manypeoplestillavoidengagingwithfactsaboutglobalwarming.Wewantedtounderstandhowmonwillfulignoranceisandwhypeopleengageinit.Aftercollectingdatafrommultipleresearchprojectsthatinvolvedmorethan6,000individuals,wediscoveredthatwillfulignoranceismonandharmful,with40percentofpeoplechoosing“nottoknow”theconsequencesoftheiractionstofreethemselvesofguiltwhilemaximizingtheirowngains.Butwealsofoundthatabout40percentofpeopleareunselfish:ratherthanavoidinginformationabouttheconsequencesoftheiractions,theyseekitouttoincreasethebenefitstoothers.Intheexperiments,thedecisionsweremadeinoneoftwosettings.Inthetransparent(透明的)setting,decisionmakershadinformationabouthowtheirchoicewouldaffectthemselvesandtheirpartner.Inanambiguous(模糊的)setting,decisionmakersknewhowtheirchoicewouldmatterforthemselvesbutnotfortheirteammate—althoughtheycouldrequestthatinsight.Theoverallbalancetippedtowardselfishnesswhenparticipantshadtheoptiontoavoidinformation.Only39percentofpeopleintheambiguoussettingmadethechoicethatultimatelybenefitedtheirpartner—asignificantdropfrom55percentinthetransparentcondition.Ifwecanavoidputtingastrongmoralemphasisondecisions,itmaymakepeoplefeellessthreatenedand,asaresult,belesswillfullyignorant.Otherresearchgroupshavefoundpromisingwaystodothis.Forinstance,wecouldencouragepeopletothinkmorepositivelyaboutgooddeedsratherthanguilttripthemforwhattheyhavefailedtodo.Highlightingrecentglobalachievements,suchashealingtheozone(臭氧)layer,caninspirepeopletokeepupthegoodworkratherthanfeelinglikethebattleislostandthatthesituationishopeless.Inshort,wecanencourageoneanotherandourselvestowardmoreselflessandgenerousactions.12.Whydosomepeoplechoosenottoknowtheconsequencesoftheiractions?A.Tomakeeasierchoicestobeagoodperson.B.Toincreasetheirownbenefitsmorethanothers’.C.Toavoidtheinfluenceofconsequencesonactions.D.Togetthemostbenefitswithoutasenseofshame.13.Howcanwillfulignorancebeprevented?A.Byfocusinglessonitsmorality. B.Bystressingitspotentialthreat.C.Bybeingmorepositiveaboutoneself. D.Bygettingpeopleawareoftheiractions.14.Whichpartofthemagazineisthepassagetakenfrom?A.Culture. B.Environment. C.Psychology. D.Biology.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thereasonforwillfulignorance.B.Theresultsofwillfulignorance.C.Theharmfuleffectsofwillfulignorance.D.Theinfluenceofwillfulignoranceonenvironment.【答案】12D13.A14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。本文討論了故意無知(willfulignorance)的現(xiàn)象，即人們選擇不去了解某些信息以避免對自己行為后果的負(fù)罪感，并追求個人利益的最大化。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，有些人故意無知事實以逃避罪惡感，而有些人則積極尋求信息以增加對他人的益處。文章提出通過改變道德框架來減少故意無知的發(fā)生，并鼓勵人們采取更無私和慷慨的行動?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“wediscoveredthatwillfulignoranceismonandharmful,with40percentofpeoplechoosing“nottoknow”theconsequencesoftheiractionstofreethemselvesofguiltwhilemaximizingtheirowngains.

(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，故意的無知是常見且有害的，40%的人選擇“不知道”他們行為的后果，以釋放自己的罪惡感，同時最大化自己的利益。)”可知，有些人選擇“不知道”他們行為的后果是為了逃避罪惡感，同時最大化自己的利益。因此，他們選擇不知道是為了獲得最大的利益而不感到羞恥。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Ifwecanavoidputtingastrongmoralemphasisondecisions,itmaymakepeoplefeellessthreatenedand,asaresult,belesswillfullyignorant.

(如果我們能夠避免在決策中強調(diào)強烈的道德，它可能會使人們感到較少的威脅，從而減少故意無知。)”可知，減少道德上的強調(diào)或壓力可以幫助防止有意無知即通過減少對其道德的關(guān)注可以防止有意無知。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Willfulignoranceexistsinlargeamountindailylife.Peopleregularlylooktheotherwayratherthanexaminingtheconsequencesoftheiractions.(在日常生活中大量存在著故意無知。人們經(jīng)常睜一只眼閉一只眼，而不去審視自己行為的后果。)”以及通讀全文可知，文章介紹的是故意無知的心理現(xiàn)象，即人們選擇不去了解某些信息以避免對自己行為后果的負(fù)罪感，并追求個人利益的最大化。因此，文章很可能來自心理學(xué)雜志。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Willfulignoranceexistsinlargeamountindailylife.Peopleregularlylooktheotherwayratherthanexaminingtheconsequencesoftheiractions.(在日常生活中大量存在著故意無知。人們經(jīng)常睜一只眼閉一只眼，而不去審視自己行為的后果。)”可知，文章介紹的是故意無知的心理現(xiàn)象；同時根據(jù)第二段“wediscoveredthatwillfulignoranceismonandharmful,with40percentofpeoplechoosing“nottoknow”theconsequencesoftheiractionstofreethemselvesofguiltwhilemaximizingtheirowngains.

(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，故意的無知是常見且有害的，40%的人選擇“不知道”他們行為的后果，以釋放自己的罪惡感，同時最大化自己的利益。)”可知，有些人選擇“故意無知”的行為是為了逃避罪惡感，同時最大化自己的利益，即揭示了“故意無知”產(chǎn)生的原因；同時，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Ifwecanavoidputtingastrongmoralemphasisondecisions,itmaymakepeoplefeellessthreatenedand,asaresult,belesswillfullyignorant.

(如果我們能夠避免在決策中強調(diào)強烈的道德，它可能會使人們感到較少的威脅，從而減少故意無知。)”可知，此處指出如何通過改變道德框架來預(yù)防故意無知。因此，文章的主要內(nèi)容是介紹關(guān)于故意無知的心理現(xiàn)象，及其形成原因。A選項“Thereasonforwillfulignorance.(故意無知的原因。)”概括文章內(nèi)容，符合標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Timemanagementcanhelpyoustandoutinyourstudies,shineatwork,andfeellessstressed.Buthowcanyoumanageyourroutineeffectively?It’sactuallyeasierthanyou’dthink.Byteachingyouafewsimpletricks,we’llshowyouhowtotransformyourtimemanagementskills.___16___Beforebeginningyourworkloadfortheday,prioritize.Todolistsareagreattool,butorganizethemalittleratherthanjustwritingdowneverythingthatneedstogetdone.Listtasksundereachcategory.Forexample,ifyouneedtofinishareportforwork,thatwouldbeanurgenttask.Ifyouneedtobeginanotherworkproject,butthedeadlineisnotforanothertwoweeks,thatwouldbean“important,butnoturgent”task.___17___Donotmultitask.Manypeopleassumemultitaskingisagreatwaytogetmoredoneandmanagetimewisely.However,focusingonmultipletasksactuallymakesyoulessproductive.Thingswilltakelongertodo,asyou’renotgivinganythingyourfullattention.Focuspletelyononetaskatatimeinstead.___18___Createtherightenvironmenttowork.Aworkenvironmentcanhelpwithyouroverallproductivity.Therearenostrictrulesaboutaworkenvironment,sopickwhatfeelsrightforyou.___19___Thesefeelingswillhelpyoustayontaskandbeproductive.Forexample,aparticularartistmayinspireyou.Investinafewoftheirpaintingsandhangtheseuponyourwalls.Avoidinterruptionsasmuchaspossible.Interruptionsdisruptyourworkflow.Ifyou’reinthemiddleofataskandstoptodosomethingelse,itcanbehardtogetbackintoworkmode.Whenyou’reworkingonatask,trytopleteitbeforedoingsomethingelse.Forexample,ifyourealizeyouneedtoreturnanemailwhileyou’reinthemiddleofsomethingelse,donotstoptoreturntheemail.___20___A.Doimportanttasksfirst.B.Listyourtasksintermsofimportance.C.Instead,setitdownsomewhereandgettoitafteryoufinishthetaskathand.D.Youwillgetyourworkdonequickerthisway,allowingyoutomakethemostofyourtime.E.Surroundyourselfwithinspiringdecorationsthathelpyoufeelenthusiasticandpassionate.F.Ifyouwouldliketogoforarunafterwork,butit’snotvital,thatwouldbea“l(fā)owpriority”task.G.Doyourbesttoavoidinterruptions,butdonotbeatyourselfupovertheoccasionaldistractionatwork.【答案】16.B17.F18.D19.E20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了關(guān)于進(jìn)行時間管理的一些技巧。16題詳解】空處為本段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文“Beforebeginningyourworkloadfortheday,prioritize.Todolistsareagreattool,butorganizethemalittleratherthanjustwritingdowneverythingthatneedstogetdone.Listtasksundereachcategory.(在開始一天的工作之前，要分清輕重緩急。待辦事項清單是一個很好的工具，但要稍微組織一下，而不是把所有需要完成的事情都寫下來。在每個類別下列出任務(wù)。)”可知本段講述我們需要對任務(wù)進(jìn)行某種形式的分類或排序。后文舉例通過按重要性對任務(wù)進(jìn)行排序，我們可以更清晰地了解哪些任務(wù)需要優(yōu)先處理，哪些可以稍后處理，從而更有效地管理時間。選項B“按重要性列出你的任務(wù)?！弊钅芫C合概括主旨，是最佳標(biāo)題。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Forexample,ifyouneedtofinishareportforwork,thatwouldbeanurgenttask.Ifyouneedtobeginanotherworkproject,butthedeadlineisnotforanothertwoweeks,thatwouldbean“important,butnoturgent”task.(例如，如果你需要完成一份工作報告，那將是一個緊急任務(wù)。如果你需要開始另一個工作項目，但截止日期還不到兩周，那就是一個“重要但不緊急”的任務(wù)。)”可知前文提到了分類任務(wù)的重要性，并給出了兩個例子：一個緊急任務(wù)和一個重要但不緊急的任務(wù)。接下來，此處應(yīng)該繼續(xù)對任務(wù)進(jìn)行分類的說明，選項F“如果你下班后想去跑步，但不是很重要，那就是“低優(yōu)先級”的任務(wù)?！闭门c前文關(guān)于任務(wù)分類的論述相呼應(yīng)。故選F。【18題詳解】根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“不要同時處理多個任務(wù)”，可知本段也強調(diào)了專注和單一任務(wù)處理的重要性。選項D“這樣你會更快地完成工作，讓你充分利用時間?！闭檬菍@一觀點的補充和解釋。它說明了專注處理單一任務(wù)能夠帶來的好處，即提高工作效率和時間利用率。故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Aworkenvironmentcanhelpwithyouroverallproductivity.Therearenostrictrulesaboutaworkenvironment,sopickwhatfeelsrightforyou.(工作環(huán)境可以提高你的整體效率。工作環(huán)境沒有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定，所以選擇適合你的。)”可知創(chuàng)造有利于工作的環(huán)境是提升效率的一個重要方面。選項E“讓自己周圍充滿鼓舞人心的裝飾，讓你感到熱情和激情?！闭顷P(guān)于如何創(chuàng)造這樣一個環(huán)境的建議，而且照應(yīng)空后的指示代詞these(feelings)。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Interruptionsdisruptyourworkflow.Ifyou’reinthemiddleofataskandstoptodosomethingelse,itcanbehardtogetbackintoworkmode.Whenyou’reworkingonatask,trytopleteitbeforedoingsomethingelse.Forexample,ifyourealizeyouneedtoreturnanemailwhileyou’reinthemiddleofsomethingelse,donotstoptoreturntheemail.(干擾會打亂你的工作流程。如果你正在做一項任務(wù)，然后停下來做其他事情，那么你就很難再回到工作模式了。當(dāng)你在做一項任務(wù)時，試著在做其他事情之前完成它。例如，如果你意識到你在處理其他事情的時候需要回一封電子郵件，不要停下來回郵件。)”可知本段強調(diào)了避免中斷的重要性，因此選項C“相反，把它放在某個地方，完成手頭的任務(wù)后再去做?！迸c前文內(nèi)容相符，提出了一個具體的避免中斷的方法，即先將中斷事項記下，待當(dāng)前任務(wù)完成后再去處理。故選C。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。I’vebeenacollegeprofessorteachingpeoplehowtothinkmorecreativelyandusemoreoftheirbrainpower.____21____,thislifetimepassionwasawakenedbyacasualcontestinmychildhood.Atapicnicofmyfather’spany,theyheldcontestsforkids—whothrewaclothhandkerchiefthefarthestthistime.I,13yearsold,wasfullofthespiritof____22____,soIthrewmyselfintothecontest,which,Irealizenow,wasnotmeantto____23____realskills,butsimplyforlaughs.Butitstirredmy____24____ofthinkingoutsidethebox.Itdisturbedmetoseethekidsthrowing____25____whenthehandkerchiefalwaysopenedandstopped.The____26____wasnottothrowharderbuttopreventtheclothfrom____27____.SupposeIhidarockintheclothwithouttyingit.Therockwoulddrivetheclothatleast____28____thantheothers,andwhentheyseparated,peoplemightnotnoticeasmallrock____29____nearby.Ihadagoodchanceof_____30_____it,butIdidn’twanttowinbycheating.SoIhadtomakethehandkerchiefflylikearock.Likearock!Thatwasit!I_____31_____tiedknot(結(jié))afterknotuntilitwasthesizeofalargewalnut(核桃),likeastrong_____32_____.Ithrewhard,andtheballedhandkerchiefrocketedoff60feetaway.A