【L市四方國際商場空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設計（論文）20000字】

II摘要：暖通空調(diào)能夠給人們創(chuàng)造一種舒適的室內(nèi)環(huán)境，可以用來調(diào)節(jié)環(huán)境空氣，還可以提供熱量給房間通風。本文選擇河北省廊坊市的某四方國際商場對其進行空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設計，建筑占地面積約為1443㎡，工程總面積為8151.7㎡，總高度為24m，使用區(qū)域為商鋪，共八層。計算得到建筑物總冷負荷為1066.06KW,冷指標為130.78W/m2?？紤]到該建筑物的功能和結(jié)構(gòu)特點，室內(nèi)人體的舒適度，對該建筑物采用了風機盤管增設的獨立式新風系統(tǒng)。關鍵詞：暖通空調(diào)；商場；風機盤管；系統(tǒng)設計；冷負荷引言很多現(xiàn)實的事實表明，合理使用空調(diào)改善人們的工作和生活條件，是現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)生活所必須實現(xiàn)的目標。隨著我們生活水平的提高，近年城市出現(xiàn)了大量的商業(yè)建筑，導致繁華地區(qū)的商場人非常多。為了保護進入商場的人們的健康，我國相關衛(wèi)生部門制定了建筑環(huán)境的衛(wèi)生標準，對大型商業(yè)中心進行了監(jiān)測，對現(xiàn)有的大中型商業(yè)中心進行了調(diào)整，并提議增加通風和空調(diào)。新的大中型商業(yè)建筑和購物中心也采用了空調(diào)設備，從而大大提高了現(xiàn)有商業(yè)建筑的環(huán)境和健康標準。商業(yè)建筑是人口密集的公共場所之一。如果在衛(wèi)生標準低的環(huán)境中長時間工作，會影響他們的身體健康和生產(chǎn)力。因此，商業(yè)建筑的室內(nèi)環(huán)境越來越受到有關部門的重視。同一個城市、同一個區(qū)域的一些商場，通風空調(diào)系統(tǒng)好的商場年營業(yè)額遠遠大于沒有通風空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的同規(guī)模商場，商場員工的工作環(huán)境改善更好，工作效率更高，病人更少，出勤率更高。本次我設計的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)主要用于廊坊市夏季。我本次設計的題目為廊坊市四方國際商場空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。設計以現(xiàn)行空調(diào)設計規(guī)范為標準，將所學知識與實際結(jié)合起來，力求設計符合實際情況。在自己閱讀大量資料和文獻的基礎上，計算商場冷負荷;確定空調(diào)方案，空調(diào)選型，計算房間各風量，風、水系統(tǒng)的水力計算等，進行空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設計等。根據(jù)計算結(jié)果合理設計，最終繪制出CAD圖紙。

第一章緒論1.1建筑概況該建筑占地面積為1443㎡，工程總面積為8151.7㎡，總高度為24m，使用區(qū)域為商鋪，共八層，。本商場的耐火等級為二級，設計使用不超過50年，抗震度為六度。外墻傳熱系數(shù)為：0.54W/（m2·K）。內(nèi)墻傳熱系數(shù)為1.885W/（m2·K），內(nèi)門傳熱系數(shù)為6.5W/（m2·K）外窗傳熱系數(shù)為2.6W/（m2·K）。1.2室內(nèi)外設計參數(shù)1.2.1夏季室內(nèi)設計參數(shù)見表1-1：表1-1夏季室內(nèi)設計參數(shù)房間設計溫度（℃）相對濕度（％）人員密度（m2/人）照明標準（W/m2）設備標準（W/m2）人均新風量（m3/h·人）商鋪25653121320茶座265510.368121310雜物間265510.368121320會議室26555.772121330酒吧262510.368121310休息室26553121330咖啡廳265510121330健身房256510.3681213201.2.2夏季室外設計參數(shù)見表1-2：表1-2夏季室外設計參數(shù)夏季空調(diào)室外干球溫度℃夏季空調(diào)室外濕球溫度℃夏季空調(diào)室外計算日平均溫度℃34.426.629.6夏季室外平均風速(m/s)夏季空調(diào)大氣透明度等級夏季室外大氣壓(Pa)2.24100440第二章空調(diào)負荷計算第二章空調(diào)負荷計算2.1計算依據(jù)2.1.1外墻、屋頂傳熱形成的逐時冷負荷Q=KFTτ?ε2.1.2外窗冷負荷（1）瞬變傳熱冷負荷Q=Fch·Kch·C（2）日射得熱冷負荷Q=Cs2.1.3內(nèi)圍護結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱形成的冷負荷Q=K·F·(tls?tn)·tls=t2.1.4新風滲透形成的新風冷負荷Qc.o=Go2.1.5設備、照明、人體散熱形成的顯熱冷負荷CLQτ=QJXτ2.2夏季冷負荷計算2.2.1負荷計算舉例以1001為例，介紹房間的冷、濕負荷過程：北外墻冷負荷根據(jù)公式（2-1）計算可得，見下表2-1：表2-1北外墻冷負荷8910111213141516171819207666789101011111212K0.54F12.9613.0411.8611.8612.2513.8315.8018.1721.3324.4813.0427.6430.8033.17北外窗瞬變傳熱形成的冷負荷根據(jù)公式（2-2）計算可得，計算結(jié)果見下表2-2：表2-2北外窗冷負荷891011121314151617181920-0.804.84.1K2.6F5.042032823634174584664544093352032842980.00（3）北外窗日射得熱形成的冷負荷根據(jù)公式（2-3）計算可得，計算結(jié)果見下表2-3：表2-3日射得熱冷負荷891011121314151617181920293349358313230166151138123106876645Fc5.0438.0051.1165.5277.3189.1198.28103.52107.45107.4538.00107.4599.5989.11（4）內(nèi)墻傳熱內(nèi)墻K=2.2W/(m2·K)，內(nèi)墻面積為30.24m2（5）人體散熱形成的冷負荷室內(nèi)總?cè)藬?shù)15人，成年男子的散熱量為：顯熱65W，潛熱69W，連續(xù)工作總時數(shù)按照8小時計算，計算結(jié)果見表2-4：表2-4人體散熱形成的冷負荷89101112131415161718192000.530.710.770.810.840.860.890.90.45人數(shù)15Qr1341061106114971526154315541560157215771061133011471124（6）設備散熱形成的冷負荷房間面積為30.24m2，單位面積設備功率為13W/m2，則設備散熱量為Qsh=30.24?13=263.12W/m2。連續(xù)工作總時數(shù)按照8表2-5設備散熱形成的冷負荷89101112131415161718192000.580.770.810.840.870.890.90.920.32Qsh263.122.812.8114.5120.5925.2728.5530.8933.2335.1036.5025.7420.1216.38（7）照明散熱形成的冷負荷房間面積為30.24m2，單位面積燈光功率為12W/m2。連續(xù)工作總時數(shù)按照8小時計算，計算結(jié)果列于表2-6中。表2-6照明散熱形成的冷負荷89101112131415161718192000.430.630.70.750.790.830.850.880.4Qz363020202332472572642752822892921019080（8）新風冷負荷新風量GW=201.6m3/h，新風冷負荷為：Q2.2.2軟件計算使用天正暖通進行負荷計算，建筑信息見表2-7：表2-7建筑物信息表樓號總層數(shù)總高度(m)總面積(m2)總冷負荷(KW)冷負荷(KW)新風冷負荷(KW)冷指標(W/m2)1號樓8248151.71066.06704.56361.49130.78以1001商鋪為例計算此房間的逐時負荷值，見表2-8：表2-81001逐時負荷值房間負荷源逐時負荷值8910111213141516171819201001房間參數(shù)面積(m2)高度(m)房間總?cè)藬?shù)房間照明總值(W)房間設備總值(kW)房間總新風量(m3/h)室內(nèi)設計溫度(℃)室內(nèi)設計相對濕度(%)30.243.610362.880.39201.6025.0065.00北外墻參數(shù)長(m)寬(高)(m)外墻面積(m2)外墻凈面積(m2)傳熱系數(shù)墻體顏色修正墻體類型4.323.012.967.920.54淺色0.94Ⅳ續(xù)表總冷負荷(W)13.0411.8611.8612.2513.8315.8018.1721.3324.4827.6430.8033.1735.14北外窗_嵌參數(shù)長(m)寬(高)(m)面積(m2)傳熱系數(shù)窗戶類型遮擋系數(shù)內(nèi)遮陽系數(shù)最大陰影面積2.522.0005.042.600單層鋼窗1.01.0未設置總冷負荷(W)203.76282.47363.35417.94458.54466.91454.71409.34335.1392.19397.7289.1177.31總輻射負荷(W)165.76231.36297.83340.62369.44368.63351.19301.89227.7284.73298.130.000.00溫差傳熱負荷(W)38.0051.1165.5277.3189.1198.28103.52107.45107.4107.4599.5989.1177.31西外墻參數(shù)長(m)寬(高)(m)外墻面積(m2)外墻凈面積(m2)傳熱系數(shù)墻體顏色修正墻體類型10.083.030.2430.240.54淺色0.94Ⅳ總冷負荷(W)98.0184.4575.4169.3869.3872.3979.9390.47108.5135.67171.83211.01248.67東內(nèi)墻(分戶墻)參數(shù)長度(m)寬度(m)面積(m2)傳熱系數(shù)10.083.00030.241.885總冷負荷(W)262.21262.21262.21262.21262.21262.21262.21262.21262.2262.21262.21262.21262.21南內(nèi)墻(分戶墻)參數(shù)長度(m)寬度(m)面積(m2)傳熱系數(shù)4.323.00012.961.885續(xù)表總冷負荷(W)95.2195.2195.2195.2195.2195.2195.2195.2195.2195.2195.2195.2195.21南內(nèi)門_嵌參數(shù)長度(m)寬度(m)面積(m2)傳熱系數(shù)0.992.0001.986.500總冷負荷(W)59.2059.2059.2059.2059.2059.2059.2059.2059.2059.2059.2059.2059.20人體參數(shù)人數(shù)勞動狀態(tài)群集系數(shù)10.080000輕勞動0.89總冷負荷(W)1061.111061.11497.471526.11543.411554.891560.631572.111577.1330.971147.21124.271112.7顯熱冷負荷(W)11.4811.48447.84476.55493.77505.26511.00522.48528.2281.3497.6174.6463.16潛熱冷負荷(W)1049.631049.61049.631049.61049.631049.631049.631049.631049.1049.631049.631049.631049.63總濕負荷(kg/h)1.571.571.571.571.571.571.571.571.571.571.571.571.57照明參數(shù)總功率(W)燈具類型燈罩通風系數(shù)同時使用系數(shù)362.88明裝熒光燈0.60.8總冷負荷(W)20.9020.90233.40247.34257.79264.76275.21282.18289.1292.63101.0390.5780.12設備參數(shù)設備類型總功率(kW)同時使用系數(shù)電熱設備0.390.6續(xù)表總冷負荷(W)2.812.8114.5120.5925.2728.5530.8933.2335.1036.5025.7420.1216.38新風(冷)參數(shù)新風量m3/h室外狀態(tài)計算方式新風機送風狀態(tài)點熱回收方式201.60穩(wěn)態(tài)25.0℃/65.0%沒有熱回收總冷負荷(W)1594.971594.971594.971594.971594.971594.971594.971594.971594.971594.971594.971594.971594.97顯熱冷負荷(W)591.24591.24591.24591.24591.24591.24591.24591.24591.24591.24591.24591.24591.24潛熱冷負荷(W)1003.731003.71003.731003.71003.731003.731003.731003.7310031003.731003.71003.731003.7總濕負荷(kg/h)1.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331001小計總冷負荷(含新風/全熱)(W)3411.213475.14207.584305.24379.814414.884431.124420.2443814227.193885.93579.843582.0室內(nèi)冷負荷(不含新風/全熱)(W)1816.251880.22612.622710.32784.842819.922836.152825.2827862632.222290.91984.871987.0新風冷負荷(全熱)(W)1594.971594.91594.971594.91594.971594.971594.971594.9715941594.971594.91594.971594.9總濕負荷(含新風)(kg/h)2.902.902.902.902.902.902.902.902.902.902.902.902.90新風濕負荷(kg/h)1.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.33續(xù)表總冷指標(含新風)(W/m2)112.80114.92139.14142.37144.83145.99146.53146.17144.9139.79128.50118.38118.45新風冷指標(W/m2)52.7452.7452.7452.7452.7452.7452.7452.7452.7452.7452.7452.7452.74總濕指標(含新風)(kg/hm2)00000.101層房間負荷計算見表2-9：表2-9一層房間負荷計算表樓層房間面積m2房間最大冷負荷時刻(含新風/全熱)房間最大冷負荷(含新風/全熱)W工程負荷最大值時刻(13點)的各項負荷值總冷負荷(含新風/全熱)W室內(nèi)冷負荷(不含新風/全熱)W新風冷負荷W總濕負荷kg/h新風濕負荷kg/h總冷指標(含新風)W/m2新風冷指標W/m2總濕指標kg/hm2新風量m3/h1層100130.24144431.124414.882819.921594.972.901.33145.9952.740.10201.60100230.2492640.82570.782089.60481.170.950.4385.0115.910.0349.99100333.6172571.282528.491993.89534.590.940.4875.2515.910.0355.54100451.84137873.467873.465139.242734.234.972.28151.8852.740.10345.60100551.84137918.617918.615184.392734.234.972.28152.7552.740.10345.60續(xù)表100651.84137873.467873.465139.242734.234.972.28151.8852.740.10345.60100751.84137873.467873.465139.242734.234.972.28151.8852.740.10345.60100851.84137918.617918.615184.392734.234.972.28152.7552.740.10345.60100951.84137873.467873.465139.242734.234.972.28151.8852.740.10345.60101033.6172571.282528.491993.89534.590.940.4875.2515.910.0355.54101130.2492640.82570.782089.60481.170.950.4385.0115.910.0349.99101230.24144431.124414.882819.921594.972.901.33145.9952.740.10201.60101351.84134623.674623.674189.76433.911.470.4189.198.370.0350.00101451.84138949.748949.746215.522734.234.972.28172.6452.740.10345.60續(xù)表101551.84137918.617918.615184.392734.234.972.28152.7552.740.10345.60101651.84137873.467873.465139.242734.234.972.28151.8852.740.10345.60101751.84138949.748949.746215.522734.234.972.28172.6452.740.10345.60101851.84137918.617918.615184.392734.234.972.28152.7552.740.10345.60101951.84138949.748949.746215.522734.234.972.28172.6452.740.10345.60102051.84134623.674623.674189.76433.911.470.4189.198.370.0350.001層小計913.9213126166.62126166.6287266.6338899.9972.1632.61138.0542.560.084861.4第三章空調(diào)系統(tǒng)方案的確定第三章空調(diào)系統(tǒng)方案的確定3.1空調(diào)系統(tǒng)方案根據(jù)綜合分析后決定，將設計為風機盤管外加獨立新風系統(tǒng)。風機盤管外加獨立新風系統(tǒng)可以靈活控制。整個機組體積比較小，占據(jù)的空間比較小。本次采用吊頂式，可在人數(shù)很多的商場使用。商場的面積大，溫度均勻，房間內(nèi)部的熱、濕負荷變化差別不大，宜使用新風機，采用風機盤管加新風系統(tǒng)。3.2商場系統(tǒng)具體設計見表3-1：表3-1商場系統(tǒng)設計表系統(tǒng)房間名稱風機盤管加新風系統(tǒng)商鋪、休息室、會議室、茶座、雜物間、酒吧、咖啡廳、健身房第四章送風量與氣流組織計算第四章送風量與氣流組織計算4.1送風量計算 圖4-1空氣處理過程以1001商鋪為例進行設計計算。1.確定N點，hN=88.7kJ/kg，dN=21.1g/kg2.確定送風點O根據(jù)溫差?t，就能得到送風點O，tO=28℃，hO=843．送風量G=Q其他房間亦如上計算，見表4-1：表4-1各風量計算表房間號總冷負荷（W）新風量(m3/h)室內(nèi)濕負荷（kg/h）送風量（m3/h）送風量（m3/s）回風量（m3/h）10014414.88201.62.9920.6310.256719.03110022528.4949.990.95766.9090.213716.91910032570.7855.540.94742.440.206686.910047873.46345.64.971673.570.4711327.9710057918.61345.64.971714.310.4761368.7110067873.46345.64.971673.570.4711327.9710077873.46345.64.971673.570.4711327.9710087918.61345.64.971714.310.4761368.7110097873.46345.64.971673.570.4711327.9710102528.4955.540.94742.440.206686.910112570.7849.990.95766.9090.213716.91910124414.88201.62.9920.6310.256719.03110134623.67501.471393.850.0141343.8510148949.74345.64.972113.790.5871768.1910157918.61345.64.971714.310.4761368.7110167873.46345.64.971673.570.4711327.9710178949.74345.64.972113.790.5871768.1910187918.61345.64.971714.310.4761368.7110198949.74345.64.972113.790.5871768.1910204623.670501.471393.850.0141343.851層小計126166.624861.4672.1629214.127.397824352.664.2風機盤管選型使用開利系列風機盤管機組，根據(jù)每個房間的回風量和冷負荷選擇合適的風機盤管，以1001為例，房間的回風量為719.031m3/h，冷負荷為4414.88W，故選擇型號為42CE006200A的風機盤管，風量（中速）為820m3/h，制冷量（中速）為4654.7W，其他房間選型見表4-2：表4-2各房間風機盤管選型房間號風機盤管型號風機盤管風量m3/h臺數(shù)100142CE006200A1392.491100442CE012200A663.9852100542CE012200A684.3552100642CE012200A663.9852100742CE012200A663.9852100842CE012200A684.3552100942CE012200A663.9852續(xù)表101242CE010200A1392.492101342CE006200A671.9252101442CE012200A884.0952101542CE012200A684.3552101642CE012200A663.9852101742CE012200A884.0952101842CE012200A684.3552101942CE012200A884.0952102042CE006200A671.92524.2氣流組織計算新風進入室內(nèi)的地方應該裝設合適的風閥。面積應該達到新風量隨各個季節(jié)的不同的最大風量要求。以1001商鋪為例，空調(diào)房間30.24m2，凈高3.6m，單個房間的送風量為0.256m3/s。散流器類型選用方形散流器，每一個散流器的送風范圍為9m2（3m×3m），該房間內(nèi)安放2個。首先選擇散流器，計算散流器出口風速。散流器的尺寸為300mm×300mm，出口風速按不大于5m/s選擇：v實際上散流器的出口面積大約是原尺寸的90％，所以出口的實際風速為vs=3×0.9=2.7m/s。2.因為工作區(qū)風速應≤0.3m/s，所以計算當某處風速為0.3m/s時該點與風口的距離。x=3.可按以下公式計算出房間內(nèi)風速的平均值：v符合室內(nèi)風速要求。設計結(jié)果：不影響人們對室內(nèi)環(huán)境的觀感，本設計中各個房間送風口設計見表4-3：表4-3各個房間送風口設計房間號室內(nèi)面積(m2)送風口室內(nèi)平均風速（m/s）送風口尺寸㎡送風口面積㎡頸部風速m/s散流器實際出風口面積㎡散流器實際出風口風速m/s射流末端速度為0.5m/s的射程m100130.24300×3000.093.0000.0812.72.0820.169100230.24250×2500.06253.5000.056253.152.0220.164100333.6250×2500.06253.5000.056253.152.0220.164100451.84400×4000.163.0000.1442.72.7990.237100551.84400×4000.163.0000.1442.72.7990.237100651.84400×4000.163.0000.1442.72.7990.237100751.84400×4000.163.0000.1442.72.7990.237100851.84400×4000.163.0000.1442.72.7990.237100951.84400×4000.163.0000.1442.72.7990.237101033.6250×2500.06253.5000.056253.152.0220.164101130.24250×2500.06253.5000.056253.152.0220.164101230.24300×3000.093.0000.0812.72.0820.169101351.84360×3600.12963.0000.116642.72.5120.213101451.84400×4000.164.0000.1443.63.7550.318101551.84400×4000.163.0000.1442.72.7990.237101651.84400×4000.163.0000.1442.72.7990.237101751.84400×4000.164.0000.1443.63.7550.318101851.84400×4000.163.0000.1442.72.7990.237101951.84400×4000.164.0000.1443.63.7550.318102051.84360×3600.12963.0000.116642.72.5120.213第五章空調(diào)風、水系統(tǒng)設計第五章空調(diào)風、水系統(tǒng)設計5.1風管系統(tǒng)水力計算本次我采用假定流速法來計算整個商場的風管系統(tǒng)：首先確定風量與風速，用此為依據(jù)，計算出管路的阻力與尺寸，并計算各環(huán)路的不平衡率，做出調(diào)整。以一層左側(cè)風管水力計算為例，其風管布置見5-1圖所示：圖5-1一層左側(cè)風管系統(tǒng)圖本設計中采用的是假定流速法，選擇鍍鋅薄鋼板作為風管材料，風管斷面為矩形。表5-1風管內(nèi)的空氣流速風管分類住宅公共建筑干管3.4~4.56.05.0~6.58.0支管3.05.03.0~4.56.5從支管上接出的風管2.54.03.0~3.56.0表5-2有消聲要求風道內(nèi)的空氣流速室內(nèi)允許噪聲級dB（A）主管風速支管風速25~353~4≤235~504~72~350~656~93~5表5-3建筑物內(nèi)允許的噪聲級房間名稱室內(nèi)允許噪聲級dB（A聲級）高要求標準低限標準多人辦公室≤40≤45普通會議室≤40≤45餐廳≤45≤55走廊≤50≤60員工休息室≤40≤45商場≤50≤55計算機房≤45閱覽室≤40（1）最不利環(huán)路阻力計算根據(jù)標準層空調(diào)新風系統(tǒng)管道布置示意圖，首先進行管段編號，最左端為新風機組，不利環(huán)路假設由1-2-3-4-8構(gòu)成，采用假定流速法計算，公式為Rm=λ已知各管段對應的風量，根據(jù)表5-1、5-2和表5-3來假定各管段的流速，再根據(jù)各管段的流速和風量，利用矩形風管參數(shù)表來查得風管的使用規(guī)格和它相對應的摩擦阻力，根據(jù)式ν=L3600a+b一層左側(cè)水力計算見表5-4、5-5：表5-4一層左側(cè)水力計算表編號G(m^3/h)L(m)D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)12325.20.635003505.050.5313.8614.422073.611.314002205.6313.422.6616.0931382.47.114002004.87.371.869.234691.26.66400120513.43215.435345.64.24160200511.551.0112.566172.80.721602003.331.118.0219.117172.80.451602003.330.6923.8624.558345.63.481602003.23.374.758.139172.80.11602003.330.1518.4918.6410172.80.51602003.330.7621.4622.2211345.63.771602003.23.653.126.7712172.80.11602003.330.1518.4918.6413172.80.361602003.330.5621.4622.0114345.63.451602003.23.343.126.4615172.80.11602003.330.1518.4918.6416172.80.361602003.330.5621.4622.0117345.63.831602003.23.7219.3823.1續(xù)表18172.80.11602003.330.1518.4918.6419172.80.361602003.330.5621.4622.0120345.63.451602003.23.3419.3822.7221172.80.111602003.330.1718.4918.6622172.80.361602003.330.5621.4622.0123201.65.221602503.8910.5719.1329.7124201.60.711602503.891.4524.726.1525503.41602500.960.560.531.0926250.841602500.480.040.410.4627250.211602000.480.010.560.57表5-5最不利環(huán)路水力計算表最不利阻力(Pa)92編號G(m^3/h)L(m)D/W(mm)H(mm)υ(m/s)ΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)12325.20.635003505.050.5313.8614.422073.611.314002205.6313.422.6616.0931382.47.114002004.87.371.869.234691.26.66400120513.43215.435345.64.24160200511.551.0112.567172.80.451602003.330.6923.8624.55經(jīng)計算，最不利環(huán)路總阻力為92Pa，由1-2-3-4-5-7構(gòu)成。（2）各分支環(huán)路的阻力平衡計算考慮到每個環(huán)路末端都有風機盤管阻力損失為10-30kpa,計算得出新風管道系統(tǒng)各分支環(huán)路與最不利環(huán)路的不平衡率計算結(jié)果見表5-6：表5-6其他環(huán)路阻力損失及不平衡率管段編號環(huán)路構(gòu)成總阻力不平衡率11-23-2489.472.8%21-2-17-18102.231.11%31-2-17-19105.67.0%41-2-3-11-1295.133.4%51-2-3-11-1398.57.06%61-2-3-4-5-687.594.8%71-2-3-4-5-793.031.11%81-25-2784.48.3%91-25-2679.413.7%101-2-20-2183.210.96%111-2-20-2279.151.4%121-3-14-1584.937.6%131-3-14-1688.34%141-4-8-983.739%151-4-8-1087.315.1%由計算結(jié)果可見，各環(huán)路與最不利環(huán)路之間的壓力損失差不超過15%，滿足一般平衡條件。5.2空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)設計計算本設計采用雙管制同程式系統(tǒng)。采用假定流量法，空調(diào)冷水供回水溫度為7/12℃。水系統(tǒng)的水力計算使用控制比摩阻的方法，根據(jù)每個管段的負荷確定每一管段的流量，按照各管段的流量和比摩阻，確定每一管段的管徑。四層水管布置見圖5-2：圖5-2一層水系統(tǒng)圖其具體步驟如下：(1)繪制一層的水管平面布置圖，給各管段編號；(2)選定整個系統(tǒng)中最不利的環(huán)路；(3)確定合理的水流速度；(4)根據(jù)負荷確定各管段的流量；其中流量的計算公式如下： G=0.86×Q（tgG—水流量，kg/hQ—計算管段的空調(diào)冷負荷,W△t—冷水供回水溫差，△t=5℃。(5)根據(jù)流量和比摩阻，確定各計算管段的管徑?？照{(diào)供回水管道比摩阻的范圍為100~300Pa/m，在該范圍內(nèi)選取合適的比摩阻。(6)根據(jù)管段長度和比摩阻確定各管段的沿程阻力損失；其中摩擦阻力損失的計算公式為：?Pm比摩阻：Rm=(7)確定各管件和閥門的局部阻力系數(shù)，計算出局部阻力；?以VG1管段為例，VG1對應的管長為L=3m,冷負荷為Q=448.23kw。根據(jù)公式G=0.86×Q（t查規(guī)范得該管段最佳管徑D=125mm,流速υ=0.96m/s,比摩阻為223Pa/m,因此這一管段的沿程阻力損失ΔPVG1管段計算得到的的局部阻力系數(shù)Σξ=1.5，它的局部阻力損失?Pj因此VG1管段的總阻力損失?P=其他管段跟VG1管段相同，計算結(jié)果見表5-6：表5-6四層的水管水力計算表最不利阻力(Pa)88322最不利環(huán)路立管1樓層1編號Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率VG144823077095.5631251.59223.011.5669189625650.00%VH144823077095.5631251.59223.011.5669189425630.00%E171300022366.91320.65214.229148049293507730.00%FG420460035191.22.71001.13151.870.1410644740.00%FG321760037427.22.71001.2171.080.1462725340.30%FG223060039663.21.141001.27191.431.5218121514320.00%FG144823077095.568.831251.59223.012.221968441963880.00%FH143900067084.32500.84208.270.1900369350.00%FH135970010268.42.7650.79131.490.1355313860.00%FH128040013828.84.44651.06232.880.110355610910.00%FH1190750156090.06800.84119.940.1735420.90%FH1010110017389.22.64800.94147.570.1390444340.00%FH911145019169.40.06801.03178.020.11053640.80%FH812180020949.64.2801.13211.30.1887649511.70%FH7142500245102.7801.32286.330.1773878600.00%FH616320028070.48.961000.998.240.1880419200.00%FH517070029360.42.861000.94107.1040%續(xù)表FH4179000307880.071000.99117.34381464147114.70%FH223060039663.239.621001.27191.433.6375854049116330.00%FH144823077095.568.661251.59223.010.721930252544560.00%VG144823077095.5631251.59223.011.5669189425630.00%VH144823077095.5631251.59223.011.5669189425630.00%E171300022366.91320.65214.229148049293507730.00%FG420460035191.22.71001.13151.870.1410644740.00%FG321760037427.22.71001.2171.080.1462725340.30%FG223060039663.21.141001.27191.431.5218121514320.00%FG144823077095.568.831251.59223.012.221968441963880.00%FH143900067084.32500.84208.270.1900369350.00%FH135970010268.42.7650.79131.490.1355313860.00%FH128040013828.84.44651.06232.880.110355610910.00%FH1190750156090.06800.84119.940.1735420.90%FH1010110017389.22.64800.94147.570.1390444340.00%最不利環(huán)路阻力(Pa)83196最有利環(huán)路阻力53501編號Q(W)G(kg/h)L(m)D(mm)υ(m/s)R(Pa/m)ΣξΔPy(Pa)ΔPj(Pa)ΔP(Pa)不平衡率FG144823077095.568.831251.59223.012.221968441963880.00%FG223060039663.21.141001.27191.431.5218121514320.00%FG321760037427.22.71001.2171.080.1462725340.30%FG420460035191.22.71001.13151.870.1410644740.00%FG519160032955.24.321001.06133.79030%FG617090029394.82.71000.94107.340.1290443340.10%FG715020025834.44.441000.8383.770.1372344074.40%FG813985024054.20.06801.3276.10.116841000.00%FG9129500222742.64801.2237.890.1629727010.10%FG1011915020493.80.06801.11202.510.11161730.00%FG1110880018713.64.2801.01169.960.1714517650.00%FG128810015153.22.7800.82113.320.1306333391.20%FG136740011592.88.96650.89165.880.1148639152515.80%FG145990010302.82.86650.79132.330.1379314100.00%F20.14650.6899.560.11423370.00%FG16207003560.40.06400.7523100%續(xù)表F40.06400.7523100%F40.06400.7523100%FG19207003560.40.06400.7523100%FG2021763037432.361.861001.2171.131.5319108214013.80%FG2120463035196.363.171001.13151.910.1481645450.50%FG2219163032960.364.281001.06133.83030%FG2318128031180.160.241001120.240.12950790.00%FG2416828028944.162.591000.93104.20.12704331315.70%FG2515793027163.960.41000.8792.240.13738750.00%FG2614493024927.963.42801.34295.880.110119011010.00%FG2713193022691.960.18801.22246.610.1457511912.80%FG2812158020911.762.7801.13210.570.1569646320.00%FG2911123019131.560.32801.03177.350.157531100.00%FG309823016895.564.18800.91139.62020%FG318788015115.360.1800.82112.780.11233450.80%FG327753013335.162.6651.02217.120.1564526160.00%FG336718011554.960.11650.88164.840.11839570.60%FG34568309774.768.83650.75119.680.110572810850.00%FG35568309774.761.88650.75119.680.1225282530.00%FG36127302189.560.54320.63205.860.1111201310.00%FG37003.75350003.280000.00%FH144823077095.568.661251.59223.010.721930252544560.00%FH223060039663.239.621001.27191.433.6375854049116330.00%FH3516008875.20.07650.6899.56376916980.00%FH4179000307880.071000.99117.34381464147114.70%FH517070029360.42.861000.94107.1040%FH616320028070.48.961000.998.240.1880419200.00%FH7142500245102.7801.32286.330.1773878600.00%FH812180020949.64.2801.13211.30.1887649511.70%FH911145019169.40.06801.03178.020.11053640.80%管段FG13和FG24阻力經(jīng)蝶形閥調(diào)節(jié)后，與最不利環(huán)路之間的壓力損失不超過15%，滿足一般的平衡條件。第六章設備選型設計計算第六章設備選型設計計算6.1新風機組選型計算新風機組的選擇根據(jù)第四章求得的房間送風量選取合適的新風機組，為了減少機組所占用的面積，新風機組采用吊裝，然后計算求得最不利環(huán)路總阻力，驗證機組余壓是否滿足要求。例如一層新風機組，求得一層左側(cè)房間總風量為2325.2m3，選擇新風機HDK-03型，通過合理的管線布置，求得風管系統(tǒng)最不利的一條環(huán)路總阻力為63Pa（見上表5-2），所選機組滿足要求。其他層選型方法同一層，見表6-1：表6-1空調(diào)機組參數(shù)表樓層型號結(jié)構(gòu)形式額定風量m3/h供冷量kW外形尺寸mm一層左HDK-033排表冷器300033.92215×1450×568一層右HDK-033排表冷器300033.92215×1450×568二層左HDK-033排表冷器300033.92215×1450×568二層右HDK-033排表冷器300033.92215×1450×568三層左HDK-033排表冷器300033.92215×1450×568三層右HDK-033排表冷器300033.92215×1450×568四層左HDK-043排表冷器400044.12400×1412×654四層右HDK-043排表冷器400044.12400×1412×6546.2冷熱源及相關設備選型計算6.2.1冷水機組總冷負荷：1066.06kW選型：麥克維爾公司的螺桿式冷水機組型號：PFS320.1XE(一臺)具體參數(shù)見表6-2：表6-2冷水機組參數(shù)表型號制冷量(kW)COP長×寬×高(mm)輸入功率(kW)冷凍水流量(L/s)冷凍水壓降(kPa)冷卻水流量(L/s)冷卻水壓降(kPa)PFS320.1XE1290.55.364256×1723×2048240.861.780.8.2冷卻塔冷水機組的冷卻循環(huán)水量為277.560m3/h，冷卻塔的水流量Q=QL×1.2=333.072m3/h，則選用型號為LRCM-HS300的冷卻塔(兩臺)，表6-3冷卻塔參數(shù)表型號循環(huán)水量(m3/h)長×寬×高(mm)塔體揚程(m)風扇直徑(mm)LRCM-HS3003474170×5380×47003.933806.2.3冷卻水泵根據(jù)對上面制冷機組的選型，選擇了三臺冷卻水泵（兩用一備），每一臺冷卻水泵的流量為138.780m3/h。每臺冷卻水泵的流量為：Q每臺冷卻水泵的揚程為：H=β(式中：hhhhhβ——值一般取1.05?1.1。冷卻水泵選擇KQW系列臥式單級離心泵，其具體參數(shù)見表6-4：表6-4冷卻水泵參數(shù)表型號流量m3/h揚程m轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min)電機功率（kW）必需汽蝕余量（m）125/150-18.5/2150282960.4冷凍水泵本設計中我選擇了三臺冷凍水泵(兩用一備)。每一臺水泵的水流量是總的冷凍水流量的1/2。根據(jù)前面所選的機組PFS320.1XE，制冷機組的冷凍水流量為222.120m3/h，水壓降為80.80kpa。每臺冷凍水泵的流量為：Q每臺冷凍水泵的揚程為：H=β(式中：hhhhhβ—值一般取1.05?1.1。冷凍水泵選擇KQW系列臥式單級離心泵，其具體參數(shù)見表6-5:表6-5冷凍水泵參數(shù)表型號流量m3/h揚程m轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min)電機功率（kW）必需汽蝕余量（m）125/170-18.5/213837.52960軟水器系統(tǒng)中使用軟化水箱處理水，補水箱的容積應該按補水泵小時流量的0.5-1.0來計算。根據(jù)補水量Q=222.12×1.1其具體參數(shù)見表6-6：表6-6軟水器參數(shù)表型號流量m3/h罐體類型罐體/鹽箱型號推薦樹脂裝填量2850NT-7508-12雙罐一用一備3077上6”-8UN/500L7006.2.6軟化水箱系統(tǒng)補充水需要我們進行軟化處理，軟化水處理系統(tǒng)使用軟化水箱。補給罐的存儲容量可以使用補給泵每小時流量的0.5-1.0（系統(tǒng)時間為上限，系統(tǒng)時間為下限）。本次設計中，軟化水箱的儲水容積：V選用的是組合式的不銹鋼水箱，其容積為12.0m3，尺寸為3000×2000×2000。6.2.7定壓膨脹補水機組可以自動定壓，膨脹補水，選擇兩臺（一用一備），系統(tǒng)補水量可以根據(jù)用戶要求選定，流量按冷凍水流量的2%，即222.12×2%=4.44m3/h=4.44t/h，選擇型號為YH-HX-5-50的定壓膨脹補水機組，其具體參數(shù)表6-7定壓膨脹補水機組參數(shù)表型號裝機功率（kW）補水接口管徑適用系統(tǒng)高度（m）YH-HX-5-503.5/3.5DN50/DN5040總結(jié)總結(jié)總結(jié)我的設計課題是河北省的廊坊市四方國際商場空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設計，首先，我采用軟件計算出商場的總冷負荷和房間冷負荷。通過比較,選擇風機盤管加新風系統(tǒng)進行空氣調(diào)節(jié)，然后進行了空調(diào)風、水系統(tǒng)，冷熱源系統(tǒng)設計等。每個房間采用方形散流器上送風，下回風。在整個設計過程中，通過冷、熱濕負荷，送風量的計算、新風機組及風系統(tǒng)、水系統(tǒng)的設計，同時鍛煉了我使用天正暖通軟件繪圖計算的能力。

此次，我努力計算、畫圖，最終完成了畢業(yè)論文和相關圖紙的繪制。這是對我所學專業(yè)知識的一次很好的鞏固和應用，也使我自己的知識結(jié)構(gòu)更加完善，對自己以后的學習和工作是一次很好的鍛煉。為了完成對于這座商場的空調(diào)設計，我自己查找資料和閱讀了很多國內(nèi)外的相關文獻，培養(yǎng)了我刻苦鉆研，自學自立的精神，也認識到了自己在專業(yè)上的一些不足。畢業(yè)設計在我看來，是真正將自己的知識用于解決實際問題的一次真實歷練，是很難得的機會，我想這正是大學有畢業(yè)設計的原因，它的內(nèi)容相對于過去的課程設計任務更為精細，要求也更加嚴格。當然，細化每一個要求，讓我從中獲得更多的知識，也加深了我對以前所學知識的理解。通過每一次去請教老師，找同學討論問題，我順利地完成了本次任務，達到了畢業(yè)的要求,對我以后幫助很大。參考文獻參考文獻參考文獻[1]陸耀慶.實用供熱空調(diào)設計手冊.中國建筑工業(yè)出版社.2008年5月第二版[2]劉耀斌等.戶式中央空調(diào)發(fā)展方向的探討.北京，機械工業(yè)出版社[3]何耀東,何青.中央空調(diào).冶金工業(yè)出版社,2001[4]趙榮義.空氣調(diào)節(jié)，第四版，中國建筑工業(yè)出版社[5]民用建筑供暖通風與空氣調(diào)節(jié)設計規(guī)范[S](及條文說明)GB50736-2012，中國計劃出版.99-131[6]公共建筑節(jié)能設計標準(GB50189-2015)[S].中國建筑工業(yè)出版社:2-34[7]陸亞俊.建筑冷熱源，中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，2015年12月第二版[8]楊昌智,劉廣大,李念平.暖通空調(diào)工程設計方法與系統(tǒng)分析[M].中國建筑工業(yè)出版社,2005:251-332[9]關文吉.供暖通風空調(diào)設計手冊[M].中國建筑工業(yè)出版社.2016.1第一版:48-95[10]徐勇主編.《通風與空氣調(diào)節(jié)工程》[M].機械工業(yè)出版社，2007.65-75[11]路詩奎，姚壽廣.空調(diào)制冷專業(yè)課程設計指南[M].化學工業(yè)出版社.2005:264-ii301[12]建設部建筑設計院編著，民用建筑暖通空調(diào)設計技術措施，2007年北京,中國計劃出版[13]消防給水及消火栓系統(tǒng)技術規(guī)范(GB50974-2014)[S].中國建筑工業(yè)出社:26-iii45[14]KandlikarSG.Ageneralcorrelationforsaturatedtwo-phasefiowboilingheattransferinsidehorizontalandvertricaltubes.JournalofHeatTransfer.1990[15]NeksaP,RekstalH,ZakeriGR.InternationalJournalRefrigeration,1998,21(3)[16]GregoryG.D,ScottG.W.TheArc-Faultcircuitinterrupter:anemergingproduct[J].IEEETrant.OnIndustryApplications.1998,34(5):928-933[17]清華大學建筑節(jié)能研究中心．中國建筑節(jié)能年度發(fā)展研究報告2014．北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社[18]建筑環(huán)境與能源應用工程專業(yè)（空調(diào)方向）畢業(yè)設計指導書，楊延萍，華中科技大學出版社[19]M.Killian,M.Kozek,Tenquestionsconcerningmodelpredictivecontrolforenergyefficientbuildings,Build.Environ.105(2016)403–412[20]EijiHihara，F(xiàn)umioMatsuoka，etc.StateoftheArtofCapacityControlTechniques.Refrigration，1999，74（863）[21]空氣調(diào)節(jié)設計手冊（第三版），中國電子工程設計院主編，2017年6月第三版，中國建筑工業(yè)出版社附錄附錄附錄表1（負荷匯總）樓層房間面積m2房間最大冷負荷時刻(含新風/全熱)房間最大冷負荷(含新風/全熱)W工程負荷最大值時刻(13點)的各項負荷值總冷負荷(含新風/全熱)W室內(nèi)冷負荷(不含新風/全熱)W新風冷負荷W總濕負荷kg/h新風濕負荷kg/h總冷指標(含新風)W/m2新風冷指標W/m2總濕指標kg/hm2新風量m3/h2層200130.24145228.65212.372819.922392.453.561.99172.3779.120.12302.40200230.2492640.82570.782089.60481.170.950.4385.0115.910.0349.99200333.6172571.282528.491993.89534.590.940.4875.2515.910.0355.54200451.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60200551.84147501.377485.834751.602734.234.972.28144.4052.740.10345.60200651.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60200751.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60200851.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60200951.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60201033.6154101.584050.793516.20534.591.810.48120.5615.910.0555.54201130.24144041.744008.813527.64481.171.770.43132.5715.910.0649.99201230.24144431.124414.882819.921594.972.901.33145.9952.740.10201.60201351.84135057.585057.584189.76867.821.880.8197.5616.740.04100.00201451.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60201551.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60201651.84138660.888660.885926.662734.234.972.28167.0752.740.10345.602017115.441314825.5714825.5710078.654746.927.073.95128.4341.120.06600.00201851.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60201951.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60202051.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60202151.84134623.674623.674189.76433.911.470.4189.198.370.0350.002層小計1029.3613141775.52141775.5296897.2244878.3081.9937.63137.7343.600.085612.263層300130.24145228.65212.372819.922392.453.561.99172.3779.120.12302.40300230.2492640.82570.782089.60481.170.950.4385.0115.910.0349.99300333.6172571.282528.491993.89534.590.940.4875.2515.910.0355.54續(xù)表300451.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60300551.84147501.377485.834751.602734.234.972.28144.4052.740.10345.60300651.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60300751.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60300851.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60300951.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60301033.6154101.584050.793516.20534.591.810.48120.5615.910.0555.54301130.24144041.744008.813527.64481.171.770.43132.5715.910.0649.99301230.24144431.124414.882819.921594.972.901.33145.9952.740.10201.60301351.84135057.585057.584189.76867.821.880.8197.5616.740.04100.00301451.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60301551.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60301651.84138660.888660.885926.662734.234.972.28167.0752.740.10345.603017115.441314825.5714825.5710078.654746.927.073.95128.4341.120.06600.00301851.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60301951.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60302051.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60302151.84134623.674623.674189.76433.911.470.4189.198.370.0350.003層小計1029.3613141775.52141775.5296897.2244878.3081.9937.63137.7343.600.085612.264層400130.24144431.124414.882819.921594.972.901.33145.9952.740.10201.60400230.2492640.82570.782089.60481.170.950.4385.0115.910.0349.99400333.6172571.282528.491993.89534.590.940.4875.2515.910.0355.54400451.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60400551.84147501.377485.834751.602734.234.972.28144.4052.740.10345.60400651.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60400751.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60400851.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60400951.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60401033.6172571.282528.491993.89534.590.940.4875.2515.910.0355.54401130.2492640.82570.782089.60481.170.950.4385.0115.910.0349.99續(xù)表401230.24144431.124414.882819.921594.972.901.33145.9952.740.10201.60401351.84134981.944981.944114.12867.821.880.8196.1016.740.04100.00401451.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.604015103.681318642.6518642.6510439.988202.6812.226.83179.8179.120.121036.804016115.441322062.3522062.3512929.279133.0713.607.61191.1279.120.121154.40401751.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60401851.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60401951.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60402051.84135576.45576.404226.771349.632.371.26107.5726.030.05155.524層小計1029.3613147925.75147925.7595808.8252116.9289.3443.76143.7150.630.096516.985層500130.24144431.124414.882819.921594.972.901.33145.9952.740.10201.60500230.2492640.82570.782089.60481.170.950.4385.0115.910.0349.99500333.6172571.282528.491993.89534.590.940.4875.2515.910.0355.54500451.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60500551.84147501.377485.834751.602734.234.972.28144.4052.740.10345.60500651.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60500751.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60500851.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60500951.84147495.127479.584745.362734.234.972.28144.2852.740.10345.60501033.6172571.282528.491993.89534.590.940.4875.2515.910.0355.54501130.2492640.82570.782089.60481.170.950.4385.0115.910.0349.99501230.24144431.124414.882819.921594.972.901.33145.9952.740.10201.60501351.84134981.944981.944114.12867.821.880.8196.1016.740.04100.00501451.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.605015103.681318642.6518642.6510439.988202.6812.226.83179.8179.120.121036.805016115.441322062.3522062.3512929.279133.0713.607.61191.1279.120.121154.40501751.84138187.598187.595453.372734.234.972.28157.9452.740.10345.60501851.