2024高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)詞匯語(yǔ)篇模式主題語(yǔ)境二人與社會(huì)Topic35語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)教學(xué)案含作業(yè)

PAGETopic35語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容(LearningContent)words,phrase,idiom,saying,proverb,expression,sentence__________['str?kt??(r)]30,grammar,vocabulary,spoken,oral,written,pronunciation,composition,standard,accent,spelling,context，verbal,foreign,official,secondlanguage,________[stres]93學(xué)習(xí)資料(LearningMaterials)computer,Internet,TV,traditional,modern,newspaper,magazine,journal,pocketdictionary,entry,term,assignment,abundant學(xué)習(xí)手段(LearningMethods)practice,________[?'kwaI?(r)]12,grasp,____________[k?'mju?nIkeIt]48,overcome,________['f??k?s]109,focuson,concentrateon,attractone'sattention,pickup,lookup,makenotes,writedown,askforadvice,giveadviceon,analyze,________[dI'beIt]28,explanation,library,takein,________[rI'f??(r)]99to,________[?'tempt]48學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐(LearningPractice)learn...byheart,payattentionto,put...touse,haveagoodcommandof,memorize,repeat,classify,identify,skip,scan,recite,________[k?n's?lt]11,comprehension,competition,improve,instruction,takeanactivepartin,________[In'sIst]48on,differ學(xué)習(xí)成效(LearningPerformance)dowellin,achievement,prize,award,makeit,accomplish,convey意義影響(MeaningandInfluence)master,accurate,perfect,wonderful,fault,advanced,beginner,coin,mothertongue,nativespeaker,broaden,fluency,ambiguous,enlarge,meaningstructure;stress;acquire;communicate;focus;debate;refer;attempt;consult;insistfocus①(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.②Letyoureyesfocusonobjectsthatarefurtherawayfromyou.③(2024·天津高考)There'sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat'sbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thechildren'sfacesare________focusinthevaluablephotograph.②Pleasefocusyourattention________thearticleyouarereading.③Ifyouwanttogetabetterview,bringtheobject________focus.答案：①in②on③into(2)單句寫(xiě)作①這次訪問(wèn)促使全世界關(guān)注氣候變暖問(wèn)題。Thevisithelpedto____________________theclimatechange.②我們的政策是著眼于把這些地區(qū)發(fā)展起來(lái)。Ourpolicyisto____________developingtheseareas.③約翰的這張照片不清晰。ThisphotoofJohnis________________.答案：①focusworldattentionon②focuson③outoffocus(1)v.集中(留意力、精力等于)togiveattention,effort,etc.tooneparticularsubject,situationorpersonratherthananother(2)v.(使)調(diào)整焦距toadaptorbeadjustedsothatthingscanbeseenclearly;toadjuststh.sothatyoucanseethingsclearly(3)n.中心點(diǎn)(指人或事物)thethingorpersonthatpeoplearemostinterestedin;theactofpayingspecialattentiontosth.andmakingpeopleinterestedinitbeinfocus清晰；明確；在焦點(diǎn)上beout_offocus模糊；不清晰；不在焦點(diǎn)上bringsth.intofocus使某物清晰；使某物成為焦點(diǎn)focus...on...(使)凝視focusone'sattentionon...把某人的留意力集中在……上表示“集中留意力于……，致力于……”的常用短語(yǔ)還有：①bedevotedto②beburiedin③bebenton④concentrate...on...debate①(2024·北京高考)Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars,policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams.②(2024·江蘇高考)WithanewfarmbilltobedebatedinCongress,consumersmusttakeastandwithyoungfarmers.(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Afiercedebate________thetaxcutwasgoingon.②Thegovernment________(debate)theeducationlawsnow.③Thewholequestionisstill________debate.④Whetherhedeserveswhathashappenedtohimisopen________(debate)．答案：①on②isdebating③under④todebate(2)單句寫(xiě)作①Theproposalisstill____________________(在探討中)．②I________________________(和瑪麗辯論)thisquestion.答案：①underdebate②debatedwithMaryabout(1)n.辯論aformaldiscussioninwhichspeakersexpressopposingviewsandthenthereisoftenavoteontheissue(2)v.(尤指正式)探討，辯論todiscusssth.,especiallyformally,beforemakingadecisionorfindingasolutioninsist①(2024·天津高考)AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducedearlierthisyear,insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.②Ididn'twanttogobutheinsisted.(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theteacherinsistedthathisstudents________(finish)theirhomeworkalone.②Heinsistedthathe________(do)nothingwrong.③Sheinsistedonyour________(say)“sorry”toherinpublic.答案：①finish②haddone③saying(2)單句寫(xiě)作①我們都堅(jiān)決要求不完工不休息。_________________________________________________________________②我堅(jiān)持我們每輛車都應(yīng)當(dāng)看一下。_________________________________________________________________③那人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他從未偷過(guò)錢。_________________________________________________________________答案：①Weallinsistthatweshouldnotrestuntilwefinishthework.②Iinsistedthatweshouldhavealookateverycar.③Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.(1)v.堅(jiān)決要求；堅(jiān)持todemandthatsth.happensorthatsb.agreestodosth.(2)v.堅(jiān)持說(shuō)；固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)tosayfirmlythatsth.istrue,especiallywhenotherpeopledonotbelieveyouinsiston堅(jiān)決主見(jiàn)insistencen.堅(jiān)決要求；堅(jiān)持；固執(zhí)(1)表堅(jiān)持要去做某事(未做)insist＋that從句(主語(yǔ)＋should＋動(dòng)詞原形)，should可以省略。(2)insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”之意時(shí)，從句不用虛擬，用正常的陳述語(yǔ)氣。differ①Ideasonchildcaremaydifferconsiderablybetweentheparents.②Medicalopiniondiffersastohowtotreatthedisease.(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①OldEnglishdiffers________theEnglishwespeaknow.②Humanfacialexpressionsdiffer________thoseofanimals________thedegreetowhichtheycanbecontrolledonpurpose.③Thesymptoms(癥狀)didnotdiffer________thetwogroups.答案：①from②from;in③between(2)單句寫(xiě)作①他的觀點(diǎn)與其父母大相徑庭。Hisviews________considerably________thoseofhisparents.②這兩雙鞋顏色不同，大小卻一樣。Thetwopairsofshoes____________colourbutnot________size.③我和菲爾在很多事情上看法不一樣。I________________Philonmanythings.④沒(méi)有他，會(huì)影響你的工作嗎？Doeshisabsence____________________yourwork?答案：①differ;from②differin;in③differwith④makeadifferenceto(1)v.相異；有區(qū)分；不同于tobedifferentfromsb./sth.(2)v.看法相左；持不同看法；不同意todisagreewithsb.differabout(on)對(duì)某問(wèn)題有異議differfrom不同于；和……不同；和……看法不一樣differin...在某方面有異議；在……方面不同differwithsb.(on/about/oversth.)不同意(某人)或某種看法differentadj.不同的；各種的bedifferentfrom與……不同bedifferentin在……方面不同differencen.差別；不同(之處)makeadifference對(duì)……有影響，使……不相同makemuch/agreat/alotofdifferenceto對(duì)……有很大的影響makeno/littledifference對(duì)……沒(méi)有影響tellthedifferencebetween...and...說(shuō)出……的區(qū)分convey①Understandingyourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.②Yourluggagewillbeconveyedtothehotelbytaxi.(1)依據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填空①Whentheinformationistobe________(傳遞)overanydistance,acommunicationsystemisrequired.②Pipes________(輸送)hotwaterfromtheboilertotheradiators.答案：①conveyed②convey(2)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thepieceofinformationforvictorywasconveyed________thecountry.②Themessage________(convey)hereisclear：“Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.”答案：①to②conveyed(3)單句寫(xiě)作①那一刻，語(yǔ)言無(wú)法表達(dá)我的情感。Atthatmomentwordscouldn't________________________.②可怕的地震過(guò)后，政府運(yùn)輸人們?nèi)テ桨驳牡胤健ftertheterribleearthquake,thegovernment________________________.答案：①conveymyemotion②conveyedpeopletoasaferplace(1)v.表達(dá)，傳遞(思想、感情等)tomakeideas,feelings,etc.knowntosb.(2)v.傳送；運(yùn)輸；輸送totake,carryortransportsb./sth.fromoneplacetoanotherconveyone'sfeelings/meanings/appreciation/affection/emotions表達(dá)某人的感情/意思/感謝/寵愛(ài)/情感conveysth.to_sb.向某人表達(dá)/傳遞某物conveysb./sth.from_A_to_B把某人或某物從A地運(yùn)輸?shù)紹地Ⅰ.閱讀(2024·上海松江區(qū)高三第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)控)LearningEnglishVideoProject1.EncountersintheUK(17minutes)WatchCommentsEncountersintheUKisthefirstfilminthisdocumentarymini-series.IttellsthestoryoffourgirlsfromdifferentcountrieswhotraveltoCambridgeinEnglandtostudyEnglishandstaywithlocalfamiliesinwhatiscalleda“homestay”arrangement.Forthefourgirlsthehomestayarrangementisapositiveexperience.Asoneofthehomestayhostsexplains:“It'sgoingtobeagreatexperience,notonlyintermsoflearningEnglish,butinlearningaboutlife.”WatchwithSubtitlesWatchwithoutSubtitlesComments2.InsightsfromChina(18minutes)WatchCommentsNeversaydieBasedinthebusy,cosmopolitancityofShanghai,DanielEmmerson'slatestfilmInsightsfromChinatakesusinsidetheworldsofEnglishlanguagelearningandteachingandtheairlineindustryinChina.InsightsfromChinafocuseslargelyonthestaffandmanagementofaChineseairlinecompanythathasrecentlycommittedtolearningEnglish.SpringAirlinesisthefirstlow-costairlineinChina.WatchwithSubtitlesWatchwithoutSubtitlesComments3.StoriesfromMorocco(16minutes)WatchCommentsSetinCasablanca,Morocco,thisfilmfeaturesfootageandinterviewsfocusingonkeyquestionssuchas“WhyarepeoplelearningEnglish？”and“Whattipsandadvicecanlearnersoffer？”StaffandlearnersdiscusstheadvantagesandchallengesofEnglishlanguagelearninginMorocco.IntervieweestouchonavarietyoftopicsincludingBritishvs.Americanaccents,multi-levelclassrooms,andthesimilaritiesofEnglishtoFrenchandSpanish.WatchwithSubtitlesWatchwithoutSubtitlesComments4.ThoughtsfromBrazil(17minutes)WatchCommentsLikeInsightsfromChina,ThoughtsfromBrazilalsolooksatmoderntrendsinlearningEnglish,especiallyforchildrenandteens.Itwillbeofparticularinteresttoallthosewholongforalearningexperiencethatismoreinteractiveandcommunicative.Teensandyoungadultswillfindnewideasforcombiningpersonalinterestssuchasmusic,gamingandsocialmediawithself-study.AsDanielEmmersontalkstolearnersandteachersofEnglishinSaoPaulo,WatchwithSubtitlesWatchwithoutSubtitlesComments篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)有關(guān)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的短視頻。當(dāng)下有各種學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的渠道和資源，我們不能被這些巨大的信息量沉沒(méi)(overwhelmedbythemassamountofinformation)，找到適合自己的方法并加以利用才是正道。1．Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat“LearningEnglishVideoProject”ismostprobably________.A．a(chǎn)nonlinecoursefocusingonlanguageandcultureB．a(chǎn)udiodocumentsonlanguagelearningC．a(chǎn)seriesofEnglishlearningvideoprogramsD．a(chǎn)setoffilmsonEnglish-speakingcountries答案：C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)EncountersintheUK(17minutes)中的“It'sgoingtobe...learningEnglish,...”、InsightsfromChina中的“InsightsfromChina...committedtolearningEnglish.”、StoriesfromMorocco中的“...ofEnglishlanguagelearning”和ThoughtsfromBrazil(17minutes)中的“...inlearningEnglish”可知，學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)視頻節(jié)目是一系列學(xué)英語(yǔ)的視頻節(jié)目，故選C。2．IfsomeoneisinterestedinthecomparisonbetweenEnglishandotherlanguages,hemightbeinterestedinwatching________.A．EncountersintheUK B．StoriesfromMoroccoC．ThoughtsfromBrazil D．InsightsfromChina答案：B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)StoriesfromMorocco(16minutes)中的最終兩句“受訪者被問(wèn)到的話題包括英國(guó)腔調(diào)與美國(guó)腔調(diào)、多層次教室以及英語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)的相像之處?！笨芍琒toriesfromMorocco中介紹了英國(guó)和美國(guó)腔調(diào)和英語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)的相像性，故選B。3．WhatcanweknowaboutEnglishlearninginSaoPaulo,Brazil?A．Classroomteachingismoreinteractiveandcommunicative.B．Homestayarrangementprovidespositiveexperienceforlearners.C．TheInternetandgamesplaysamajorroleinlanguagelearning.D．Theprincipleoflearningbydoingiswidelyacceptedbylearners.答案：D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)ThoughtsfromBrazil中的最終一句“AsDanielEmmersontalkstolearnersandteachersofEnglishinSaoPaulo,Brazil,hediscoversthatmanyofthemhavefoundforthemselvestheprincipleoflearningbydoingandhavereadilyadaptedittotheInternetera.”可知，在圣保羅，通過(guò)實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)的原則被學(xué)習(xí)者廣泛接受，分析選項(xiàng)可知，D符合題意。①homestayn.寄宿家庭②cosmopolitanadj.世界性的③footagen.(影片中的)連續(xù)鏡頭，片段④longfor渴望；憧憬(第一段最終一句)It'sgoingtobeagreatexperience,notonlyintermsoflearningEnglish,butinlearningaboutlife.不僅在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)方面，而且在學(xué)習(xí)生活方面，這都將是一次不錯(cuò)的體驗(yàn)。(2024·山東省棗莊八中月考)ThereareplentyofpeopleintheUKforwhomevenbasicEnglishisaproblem.Accordingtothesurvey,726,000peopleinEnglandandWalessaidtheycouldnotspeakEnglishwell,andanother138,000saidtheydidnotspeakitatall.Ling,40,whoarrivedfiveyearsagofromChina,founditdifficulttolearnEnglish.“WhenIcamehere,IwaspregnantandsoIwasathomeforthenextthreeyears.IttookmelongertolearnasIwasverybusywiththechildren.”EventuallyshewasabletobegintakingclassesandnowspeaksgoodconversationalEnglish.Butevenwithclasses,itcanbealongprocesstopickupthelanguage.Ageisthemostimportantfactorinlanguagestudy,saidMilaVulchanova,professoroflinguistics(語(yǔ)言學(xué))atNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology.“Thereisasensitiveperiodinlanguagelearning,whichisbiologicallydetermined.Sotheyoungertheimmigrants(移民),thebetter.Sincethisdeclineisonlygradual,teenagersareatanadvantageoveradults，”hesaid.ThereareanumberofsystemsforgradingEnglish.Thegovernmentexpectsimmigrantstoreach“ESOLEntry3”or“B1level”inScotland,beforetheycanbegivencitizenship.Itisequaltobeingabletoholdaconfidentconversationanditmighttake360hoursofstudytoachieve.GeorgeOsborne,theUKchancellor(財(cái)政大臣),saidinJunethatbenefitclaimants(申請(qǐng)救濟(jì)金者)whodon'tspeakEnglishwillhavetheirbenefitscutiftheyfailtoattendlanguagecourses.HuanJapes,deputychiefexecutiveofEnglishUK,atradebodyforlanguagecolleges,saiditneeded360hours—120hoursforeachofthreestages—togettotheresultthegovernmentexpectedbenefitclaimantstoreach.“Using120hours(foreachstageofEnglishfluency)isarathertraditionalapproachtocoursebooklearning，”saidDrElaineBoyd,headofEnglishlanguageatTrinityCollegeLondon.“Ifsomeoneisreallyhighlymotivated,theycanlearnreallyquickly.It'scommonforchildrenundertheageof11tobefluentinaboutsixmonths.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講解并描述了在英國(guó)，很多移民不能說(shuō)一口流利英語(yǔ)這一現(xiàn)狀，作者借助專家們的觀點(diǎn)告知我們?cè)鯓幽軐W(xué)好英語(yǔ)，練就一口流利的英語(yǔ)。學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不僅是為了考試，當(dāng)你會(huì)說(shuō)不止一種語(yǔ)言時(shí)，你會(huì)擁有更好的記憶力(developbettermemory)，變成一個(gè)更棒的旅行者(becomeabettertraveler)，而且有更光明的職業(yè)前景(havemorebrightercareerprospects)。4．Thefirstparagraphservesasa(n)________.A．introduction B．discussionC．explanation D．conclusion答案：A推理推斷題。第一句說(shuō)“在英國(guó)有很多人，即使是基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)也是個(gè)問(wèn)題”，接著依據(jù)調(diào)查可知，在英格蘭和威爾士有很多人英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得不好甚至根本不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。因此推知，這是為了引出下文的很多移民不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)狀，告知我們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)好英語(yǔ)，故選A。5．WhatdoesMilaVulchanovamainlystress?A．Theimportanceofkeyteachingways.B．ThenecessityofworkinghardatEnglish.C．TheadvantagesoflearningEnglish.D．TheimportanceofstartinglearningEnglishatanearlyage.答案：D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Thereisasensitiveperiodinlanguagelearning”和“Sotheyoungertheimmigrants(移民),thebetter.Sincethisdeclineisonlygradual,teenagersareatanadvantageoveradults”可知，MilaVulchanova認(rèn)為對(duì)于移民來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)英語(yǔ)越早越好，年齡小是優(yōu)勢(shì)。因此可推知，他在強(qiáng)調(diào)早學(xué)英語(yǔ)的重要性，故選D。6．TheUKgovernmenthopesthatbenefitclaimants________.A．reach“ESOLEntry1”B．a(chǎn)readvancedEnglishlearnersC．studyEnglishforabout360hoursD．getcitizenshipfromthegovernmentfirst答案：C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“saiditneeded360hours—120hoursforeachofthreestages—togettotheresultthegovernmentexpectedbenefitclaimantstoreach”可知，假如申請(qǐng)救濟(jì)金者須要360個(gè)小時(shí)——三個(gè)階段，120個(gè)小時(shí)一階段——才能達(dá)到政府預(yù)期申請(qǐng)救濟(jì)金者能達(dá)到的效果，分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意。7．WhatDrElaineBoydsaidsuggestedthat________.A．120hoursisahighlevelforlearnersB．onecanlearnEnglishfastifactiveC．EnglishfluencycanbeeasilyachievedD．childrenunder11learnEnglishhard答案：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段第一句中的“Using120hours(foreachstageofEnglishfluency)isarathertraditionalapproachtocoursebooklearning...”可知，120小時(shí)是慣例，一般人能達(dá)到；再依據(jù)最終一段最終兩句可知，假如某人主動(dòng)性很高，6個(gè)月內(nèi)能學(xué)會(huì)流利的英語(yǔ)，故選B。①pregnantadj.懷孕的②biologicallyadv.生物學(xué)上③citizenshipn.公民權(quán)利(或資格)(第三段其次句)Thereisasensitiveperiodinlanguagelearning,whichisbiologicallydetermined.語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)有一個(gè)敏感時(shí)期，這是從生物學(xué)上確定的。(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展人類語(yǔ)言越來(lái)越少的現(xiàn)象及其緣由。語(yǔ)言是人類才智發(fā)展的結(jié)晶(thecrystallizationofhumanwisdom)，是探討民族文化的重要指標(biāo)。激勵(lì)學(xué)習(xí)這些稀有語(yǔ)種，防止非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的滅亡。8．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast. B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns. D．Theywerecloselyconnected.答案：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段其次、三句可知，當(dāng)人類社會(huì)處在原始社會(huì)，人們以狩獵為生時(shí)，小而聯(lián)系緊密的群落形成了他們彼此之間獨(dú)立的語(yǔ)言模式。當(dāng)世界上的人口數(shù)量在五百萬(wàn)到一千萬(wàn)時(shí)，語(yǔ)言種類達(dá)到了12,000種。由此推知，當(dāng)時(shí)的語(yǔ)言種類很多。故選B。9．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.答案：C詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)其次段中的“dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover”可知，英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)越來(lái)越占據(jù)統(tǒng)治地位。由此推知，dominant意為“占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；強(qiáng)大的”。故選C。10．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400.C．About2,400. D．About1,200.答案：B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.”和“Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.”可知，目前世界上大約有6,800種語(yǔ)言，但是講的人數(shù)少于6,000人的占一半，即3,400種。故選B。11．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.答案：C主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段第一句和其次段其次句可知，本文所講的主要內(nèi)容為隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，語(yǔ)言在漸漸消逝和削減。故選C。①independentadj.獨(dú)立的②compulsoryadj.強(qiáng)制的③settledown定居，安排下來(lái)④accountfor(數(shù)量或比例上)占；導(dǎo)致(其次段其次句)Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.譯文：在最近的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，貿(mào)易、工業(yè)化、民族國(guó)家的發(fā)展和全球義務(wù)教化的擴(kuò)散，尤其是過(guò)去幾十年來(lái)，全球化和更好的溝通，這些都是導(dǎo)致很多語(yǔ)言消逝的緣由。而且像英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)這些強(qiáng)大的語(yǔ)言正不斷地占據(jù)統(tǒng)治地位。分析：介詞短語(yǔ)inrecentyears作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，all前面的部分為本句的主語(yǔ)，havecaused為本句的謂語(yǔ)。(2024·南昌市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三年級(jí)段考試題)LearningNewVocabularyDuringDeepSleepSleepingtimeissometimesconsideredunproductivetime.Thisraisesthequestionwhetherthetimespentduringsleepingcouldbeusedmoreproductively,e.g.forlearninganewlanguage?Sleepresearchtodatefocusedonthestabilizationandstrengtheningofmemoriesthathadbeenformedduringpreviouswakefulness.However,learningduringsleephasrarelybeenexamined.Thereisconsiderableevidenceforwake－learnedinformationundergoingrevisionbyareplayinthesleepingbrain.Thereplayduringsleepstrengthensthestillweakmemorytracesandembeds(嵌入)thenewlyacquiredinformationinthepreexistingstoreofknowledge.Ifthereplayduringsleepimprovesthestorageofwake－learnedinformation,thenfirst－play,i．e.theinitialprocessingofnewinformation,shouldalsobepossibleduringsleep.TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeexaminedwhetherasleepingpersonisabletoformnewsemanticassociationsbetweenplayedforeignwordsandtranslationwordsduringthebraincells'activestates,theso－called“Up－states\”.Itturnedouttobethatwhattheythoughtwasreasonable.Whenwereachdeepsleepstages,ourbraincellsprogressivelycoordinatetheiractivity.Duringdeepsleep,thebraincellsarecommonlyactiveforabriefperiodoftimebeforetheyjointlyenterintoastateofbriefinactivity.Theactivestateiscalled“Up－state\”andtheinactivestate“Down－state\”.Thetwostatesalternate(交替)abouteveryhalf－second.Newevidenceforsleep－learningchallengescurrenttheoriesofsleepandtheoriesofmemory.Theconceptofsleepasanencapsulated(被概括的)mentalstate,inwhichweareseparatedfromthephysicalenvironmentisnolongerreasonable.“Wecoulddisprovethatcomplexlearningbeimpossibleduringdeepsleep，\”saysSimonRuch,co－first－author.“Inhowfarandwithwhatconsequencesdeepsleepcanbeappliedtotheacquisitionofnewinformationwillbeatopicofresearchinupcomingyears，\”saysKatharinaHenke.TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeispartoftheInterfacultyResearchCooperation(IRC).Thirteenresearchgroupsinmedicine,biology,psychologyandinformationsciencearepartoftheIRC.Theaimoftheseresearchgroupsistogainabetterunderstandingofthemechanismsinvolvedinsleep,consciousnessandcognition.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)一項(xiàng)探探討證了在深度睡眠中學(xué)習(xí)新詞匯的可能性。睡眠可以補(bǔ)充人體的能量，增加自身反抗力，促進(jìn)人體的正常生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育(promotethenormalgrowthanddevelopmentofhumanbody)，使人體得到充分的休息等。睡眠對(duì)于愛(ài)護(hù)人的心理健康(protectpeople'smentalhealth)與維護(hù)人的正常心理活動(dòng)極其重要，所以我們應(yīng)當(dāng)保證足夠的睡眠！12．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A．“Up－state\”and“Down－state\”appearinturnduringdeepsleep.B．“Up－states\”isanothernameforthebraincells'activestates.C．Semanticassociationsareimportantforlanguagelearning.D．Thebraincells'activestatesarecentralforsleep－learning.答案：D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段前兩句“TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeexamined...theso－called‘Up－states’.Itturnedouttobethatwhattheythoughtwasreasonable.”可知，探討小組探討了睡眠中的人能否在腦細(xì)胞活躍狀態(tài)下，在被播放的外來(lái)詞和翻譯詞之間形成新的語(yǔ)義關(guān)聯(lián)。結(jié)果證明他們的想法是合理的。據(jù)此可推知，當(dāng)大腦處于“Up－states”時(shí)，可以進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，大腦細(xì)胞的活躍狀態(tài)起著主要作用。故答案是D。13．Whatwillresearcher