高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講精練形容詞和副詞學(xué)生版

2012屆新課標(biāo)高三第二輪專題講解形容詞和副詞是歷年英語(yǔ)高考的重點(diǎn)。要復(fù)習(xí)好這一塊知識(shí)點(diǎn)，考生不僅要掌握其基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，同時(shí)要牢記其中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是高考的熱點(diǎn)。1.形容詞是用來(lái)修飾名詞的，常被放在名詞前作定語(yǔ)，或放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)。而副詞則用來(lái)修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞，其他副詞或者句子，一般位于形容詞之前，動(dòng)詞之后或句子之首。以下屬幾種情況，須牢記：=1\*GB3①幾個(gè)并列的形容詞作定語(yǔ)，其語(yǔ)序通常為：限定語(yǔ)（the/a/an）+描繪性形容詞+size（大?。?shape（形狀）+age（年齡、時(shí)間）+color（顏色）+origin（國(guó)籍、來(lái)源）+material（材料）+purpose（目的）+名詞；aheavyblackChinesesteelumbrella,theman’sfirsttowinterestinglittleredFrenchoilpaintings熟記口訣就可以順利解題：限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國(guó)籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠。=2\*GB3②形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)后置；alanguagedifficulttomaster,aleaningtowerabout180feethighThisisastudentworthofpraise.Theywillturntheirmotherlandintoacountry,beautifulandmodern.=3\*GB3③表語(yǔ)形容詞（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)后置；amanalive：活著的人有些表身體健康狀況的形容詞如well,faint,ill只作表語(yǔ)。sick既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)，ill如作定語(yǔ)意為“bad”；=4\*GB3④形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾由不定代詞one,no,any,some和every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如anything、something等時(shí)，通常后置；Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.=5\*GB3⑤enough、nearby修飾名詞前置或后置，程度副詞一般位于形容詞、副詞前面，enough修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，必須后置；=6\*GB3⑥else常用作疑問(wèn)代詞和不定代詞的后置定語(yǔ)；=7\*GB3⑦幾個(gè)副詞并列作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間；=8\*GB3⑧頻度副詞如often,always,usually等在be動(dòng)詞后，行為動(dòng)詞前；=9\*GB3⑨副詞作定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)后置；Thepersonthereiswaitingforyou.=10\*GB3⑩復(fù)合形容詞常用作定語(yǔ)。Hewasa12-year-oldboy.復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成：▲形容詞+形容詞：red-hot熾熱的 dark-blue深藍(lán)的▲形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：good-looking好看的 easy-going隨和的▲副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：hard-working勤勞的 fast-moving快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的▲副詞+過(guò)去分詞：hard-won得來(lái)不易的 newly-made新建的▲名詞+形容詞：life-long終生的 world-famous世界聞名的▲名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：peace-loving愛(ài)好和平的 fun-loving愛(ài)開(kāi)玩笑的▲名詞+過(guò)去分詞：snow-covered白雪覆蓋的 hand-made手工的▲形容詞+名詞-ed：kind-hearted好心的 white-haired白發(fā)的▲數(shù)詞+名詞+ed：four-storeyed4層樓的 three-legged3條腿的▲數(shù)詞+名詞（名詞用單數(shù)）：ten-year10年的 two-man兩人的2.形容詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)Hespent7daysinthewindandsnow,coldandhungry.他在風(fēng)雪中度過(guò)了7天，又冷又餓。

Shestaredintothedistance,speechlessforalongtime.她盯著遠(yuǎn)處看，好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不講話。Afraidofbeingcaught,thethiefhidhimselfunderabed.因?yàn)楹ε卤蛔?，這個(gè)小偷藏在床下面。象get,grow,become,feel,appear,prove,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,go,turn,remain等這些動(dòng)詞既可以用作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又可以用作連系動(dòng)詞，因而要根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷究竟是什么性質(zhì)的動(dòng)動(dòng)詞才能正確解題。瑪麗悲傷地看了看父母親而她的父母親看上去也很悲傷。Marylookedsadlyatherparentswhileherparentslookedsad,too.（第一個(gè)“l(fā)ook”為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，第二個(gè)“l(fā)ook”為連系動(dòng)詞）形容詞、副詞有三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，其構(gòu)成形式如下：規(guī)則變化：?jiǎn)我艄?jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-esttalltallertallest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以-le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er，-estbusybusierbusiest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-estclevernarrowcleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more，most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)importanteasilymoreimportantmoreeasilymostimportantmosteasily不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest注意：many,old和far比較級(jí)及最高級(jí)用法的區(qū)別=1\*GB3①如果后接名詞時(shí)，muchmore+不可數(shù)名詞，manymore+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。=2\*GB3②old有兩種比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式:older/oldest和elder/eldest。elder，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系。

Myelderbrotherisanengineer.

Maryistheeldestofthethreesisters.=3\*GB3③far有兩種比較級(jí)，farther，further..在英語(yǔ)中兩者都可指距離。

在美語(yǔ)中，father表示距離，further表示進(jìn)一步

Ihavenothingfurthertosay.1.原級(jí)的用法表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時(shí)，用“as+原級(jí)形容詞/副詞+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示雙方不相等時(shí)，用“notso(as)+原級(jí)形容詞/副詞+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示一方是另一方的若干倍時(shí)，用“倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)形容詞/副詞+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)。XiaoWangisastallasXiaoYu.Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatone.MissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.2.比較級(jí)的用法①雙方比較，表示一方超過(guò)另一方時(shí)，用“比較級(jí)+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示；Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.注意：▲比較對(duì)象的一致性請(qǐng)看下面這道選擇題：TheweatherinChinaisdifferentfrom____.A.inAmericaB.oneinAmericaC.AmericaD.thatinAmerica本題意為"中國(guó)的天氣比美國(guó)熱。"比較的是天氣而不是國(guó)家，C不能選。A沒(méi)有名詞，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用來(lái)代替可數(shù)名詞，而that可車以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞，所以選D?！苊鈱⒅髡Z(yǔ)包含在比較對(duì)象中（錯(cuò)）ChinaislargerthananycountryinAsia.（因?yàn)橹袊?guó)也屬于亞洲）（對(duì)）ChinaislargerthananyothercountriesinAsia.▲注意比較對(duì)象的省略或隱藏：有時(shí)省略或不點(diǎn)明被比較的對(duì)象，而是通過(guò)語(yǔ)境來(lái)暗示被比較的對(duì)象。請(qǐng)看下面這兩道選擇題：Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime本題將比較的對(duì)象隱藏在虛擬條件句中，即：與沒(méi)有考試的時(shí)候相比。本題答案選D。Idon’tthinkthisfilmisbyfarthemostboring.Ihaveseen____________.A.betterB.worseC.thebestD.theworst由前文“我認(rèn)為這部電影不是最沒(méi)趣的”可知，“我看過(guò)(比這部)更差的電影”，省略了thanthisone。本題答案是B。Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain;it's________byroad.

A.quickB.thequickestC.muchquickD.quicker由語(yǔ)境可知，句末省略了thanbytrain，用比較級(jí)。本題答案是D。②表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“l(fā)ess+原級(jí)+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示；Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.③表示一方超過(guò)另一方的程度或數(shù)量時(shí)，可在比較級(jí)前加表示程度的狀語(yǔ)，如even,alot,abit,alittle,still,much,far,yet,byfar等修飾；Heworksevenharderthanbefore.注意：byfar通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級(jí)。用于比較級(jí)時(shí)，一般放在比較級(jí)的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.④表示一方隨另一方的程度而變化時(shí)，用“the+比較級(jí)（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)），the+比較級(jí)（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）”的結(jié)構(gòu)（意為“越……越……”）；Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.⑤不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變時(shí)，用“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)；Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.Thegirlbecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.⑥某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（較好的，優(yōu)于……）、junior（資歷較淺的）、senior（資格較老的）、prior（在……之前）等；HeissuperiortoMr.Zhanginchemistry.⑦在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞；Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthat(或theone)onthedesk.Aboxmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.⑧否定詞+比較級(jí)該結(jié)構(gòu)用否定形式表示肯定意義。要掌握該結(jié)構(gòu)的用法，須注意以下幾點(diǎn)：▲該結(jié)構(gòu)多為“can't／couldn't＋比較級(jí)”的形式

Ican'tagreewithyoumore.我再同意你的意見(jiàn)不過(guò)了。（或：我完全同意你的意見(jiàn)。）Theweathercouldn'tbeworse.天氣再糟糕不過(guò)了。

Hecouldn'thavedonebetter.他做得再好不過(guò)了。▲用于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞除了not之外，還有no，never，nothing等

Thiscouldgivehernogreaterpleasure.這使她再高興不過(guò)了。

There'snothingcheaper.這東西再便宜不過(guò)了。Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends.為朋友而放棄生命的愛(ài)是最偉大的愛(ài)?！?dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的比較級(jí)為less時(shí)，其意義為“一點(diǎn)也不”試比較：Hecouldn'tcaremore.他非常介意。（或：他最關(guān)心不過(guò)了。）Hecouldn'tcareless.他毫不介意。（或：他最漠不關(guān)心了。）注意：反過(guò)來(lái)用肯定形式表示否定意義。這種用法主要見(jiàn)于：▲knowbetterthan+不定式。這種結(jié)構(gòu)意為“不至于”YouhaveabettercommandofFrenchthantomakesuchmistakes.你的法語(yǔ)較好，不至于犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤。Heismoreexperiencedthantodosuchathing.他比較有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不至于做這樣的事。▲morethan…can。這種句型形式上是肯定，實(shí)際上有否定含義Theboysinthestreethavebecomeveryinsolentanditismorethanfleshandbloodcanbear.街上的男孩變得非常無(wú)禮,到了人所不能忍受的地步。ThebeautyoftheplaceismorethanIcandescribe.那地方美得無(wú)法形容。=9\*GB3⑨倍數(shù)表達(dá)法▲Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,lengthetc.)ofB.Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。▲Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍?！鳤isthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.3.最高級(jí)的用法①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時(shí)，用“the+最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)；ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.②最高級(jí)可被序數(shù)詞以及much、byfar、nearly、almost、bynomeans、notquite、notreally、nothinglike等詞語(yǔ)所修飾；Thishatisbyfar/much/nearly/almost/notnearly/bynomeans/notquite/nothinglikethebiggest.③表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，沒(méi)有最高級(jí)，也沒(méi)有比較級(jí)。④形容詞最高級(jí)修飾作表語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)的名詞、代詞時(shí)，被修飾的詞往往省略；Heisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.⑤作狀語(yǔ)的副詞最高級(jí)前可以不加定冠詞。Ofalltheboyshecame(the)earliest.4.形容詞和副詞前面使用冠詞的情況①形容詞最高級(jí)前一般要加定冠詞，副詞最高級(jí)前可不加冠詞；②形容詞最高級(jí)前有時(shí)加不定冠詞，或不加冠詞，不表比較，表示“非?！保籋eisamostcleveryoungpoliceman.(most=very)Thefilmismostinteresting.(most=very)③as+形容詞+a+單數(shù)名詞；Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.

④表示兩者間“較……的一個(gè)”比較級(jí)前加the；whoistheolderofthetowboys?⑤在“the+比較級(jí)……，the+比較級(jí)……”結(jié)構(gòu)中；⑥在same前一般要加the；⑦What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞=How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞Whataninterestingfilmitis！=Howinterestingafilmitis!⑧so和such的用法so+形容詞/副詞+

that…so+形容詞+a（n）+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that…so+many/much/little/few+名詞+that…such+a(n)+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that…such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+that…such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that…下列詞組中為什么只能用so不可用such？somuchprogress、somanypeople、solittlefood、sofewapples等。因?yàn)槊~受many,much,little,few等表示“多或少”意義的詞修飾。下列這句中such用得對(duì)不對(duì)？（對(duì)）。為什么？Thesearesuchlittleboysthattheycan’tdressthemselves.因?yàn)閘ittle在這兒表示“小”，而不是表示“少”的意思。下列so的用法是錯(cuò)誤的：sodifficultproblems,sohotweather為什么？因?yàn)閜roblems是復(fù)數(shù)，weather是不可數(shù)名詞。=8\*GB3⑧有些形容詞前加the成為名詞。如thepoor,therich等。5.由as/so組成的形容詞或副詞短語(yǔ)①asmuchas+不可數(shù)名詞：多達(dá)Eachstoneweighsasmuchasfifteentons.②asmanyas+可數(shù)名詞：多達(dá)Ihaveasamanyassixteenreferencebooks.③asearlyas：早在AsearlyasthetwelfthcenturytheEnglishbegantoinvadetheisland.④asfaras：遠(yuǎn)到；就……而知（論）Wemightgoasfaras(走到)thechurchandback.AsfarasIknow（就我所知），hehasbeentherebefore.⑤may(might,could)aswell：不妨、不如Thenyoumightaswellstaywithushere.⑥as…ascanbe：到了最……的程度，極其Theyareasunreliableastheycanbe.他們極其不可信。⑦as…asonecan：盡其所能Hebegantorun,asfastashecould.⑧as…aspossible：盡可能Justgetthemtofinishupasquicklyaspossible.6.more/lessthan及其相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)第一類①morethan＋具體數(shù)字=over：多于、超過(guò)……HespokeEnglishmorethantwoyears.(兩年多)morethan＋名詞/動(dòng)詞/形容詞/副詞：不僅僅ChinaDailyismorethananewspaperanditcanalsohelpuslearnEnglish.②notmorethan：不超過(guò)……，頂多……=atmostTherewerenotmorethan70womeninthestorethen.（不足70個(gè)女性）③nomorethan：僅僅，只不過(guò)Thetheaterwasnomorethanapaintedbarn.這戲院只不過(guò)是漆了油漆的庫(kù)房而已（沒(méi)什么大不了的）。④lessthan：少于、不足……Theircarbrokedownwheretheydrovelessthanfivemiles.（不到五英里）lessthan＋名詞/形容詞：僅僅Heislessthanpleasedtohavevisitors.⑤notlessthan：……以上，至少……=atleastHehasnotlessthan2oodollars.（至少200美元）=6\*GB3⑥nolessthan：不會(huì)少于……，與……一樣，簡(jiǎn)直就……Itisnolessthanrobberytoaskmeforsomuch.要我這么多錢(qián)，簡(jiǎn)直跟搶劫?zèng)]有兩樣。第二類①more＋形容詞/副詞/名詞＋than：比……更……Ihavefoundthatheisamoreefficientworkerthananyotherone.

②more…than…：與其……不如……Heisnotmoreanartistthanaphilosopher.

與其說(shuō)他是位藝術(shù)家，不如說(shuō)他是位哲學(xué)家。③notmore…than…：不如……，不及……Youarenotmorecarefulthanheis.你不如他仔細(xì)。ShewasnotmorepleasedthanIwas.她不及我開(kāi)心。④no＋比較級(jí)＋than：僅僅……，最多……，只不過(guò)……，和……一樣不Thiskindofplantgrowsnohigherthanoneinch.這種植物最多長(zhǎng)到一英寸。TheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.官員們看到的和皇帝一樣多。HeisnomoreagoodplayerthanIam.他和我一樣都不是好球員（他也好不到哪里去）。=5\*GB3⑤less＋形容詞/副詞/名than：比……更少，不如……JaneislessbeautifulthanSuan.Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.=Heismorelazythanslowathiswork.⑥notless…than：不比……少，不亞于……Sheisnotlesscharmingthanherdaughter.她跟她女兒一樣有魅力。=7\*GB3⑦noless…than：不會(huì)比……差，正如……一樣”Adolphinisnolessacleveranimalthanadogis.海豚不會(huì)比狗笨吧！1.下列單詞雖以-ly結(jié)尾，但卻是形容詞而非副詞deadly,friendly,lovely,likely,lonely,silly,lively,brotherly,weekly等。2.有無(wú)ly的副詞意義、用法有別=1\*GB3①意義用法不同Someonefollowedmeclosebehindme.有人緊跟著我。Everyonefeltthathisremarkshitclosetohome.他的話擊中了要害。Comeclosetomeandyou’lllistentomeclearly.靠近我，你就會(huì)聽(tīng)清楚的。Thesetwotopicsarecloselyrelated.這兩個(gè)課題緊密相連。（close修飾介詞短語(yǔ)、closely修飾動(dòng)詞和過(guò)去分詞）Hehardlyworkedhardatmathssohecouldnotpassthemathsexamination.他幾乎沒(méi)有努力學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)，結(jié)果沒(méi)有通過(guò)這次數(shù)學(xué)考試。Healwaysworkslateintothenight.他總是工作到深夜。Haveyoubeentothecinemalately?你最近有沒(méi)有看電影？Themeetingproceededinamostfriendlyatmosphere.會(huì)見(jiàn)在極其友好的氣氛中進(jìn)行。Thepresentworldsituationismostfavorableforthepeople.當(dāng)前世界形勢(shì)對(duì)人民非常有利。Theyaremostlyvisitingscientists.=Mostofthemarevisitingscientists.②具體和抽象的關(guān)系Theyburiedthebodyverydeep.他們把尸體埋得很深。（具體）Hiswordsdeeplymovedme.他的話深深地打動(dòng)了我。（抽象）類似的詞：high/highly,wide/widely3.形容詞和副詞相同形式=1\*GB3①意義不一Shesaidwithahalfsmiletome.她微笑著對(duì)我說(shuō)。Wellbegunishalfdone.良好的開(kāi)端是成功的一半。Thiskindofmaterialfeelsveryhard.這種材料摸上去很硬。Hefoundmodernartveryhardtounderstand.他覺(jué)得現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)很難理解。Heisworkinghardatmaths.他在努力學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。Thedoorwasfastshut.門(mén)緊閉著。Hisfatherwasfastasleep.他父親睡得很香。②意義基本相同Hegotupsoearlythathecaughttheearlybus.他起得早趕上了早班車。Whatyouneedisasoundsleep.你所需要的是好好睡一覺(jué)。Hisfatherwassoundasleep.他父親睡得很香。Ifhewerewell,hewoulddotheworkwell.如果他身體好的話，他會(huì)把這項(xiàng)工作干好的。4.搭配特別的形容詞和副詞英語(yǔ)中有些形容詞和副詞與名詞、動(dòng)詞、或另一形容詞等的搭配與漢語(yǔ)不完全一樣，在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中通過(guò)運(yùn)用要把它們掌握好。特別注意下列有別于漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)：wellworth很值得wideawake很清醒fast/soundasleep睡得很香largelydueto…主要因?yàn)間reatlyrespected/honored很受尊敬rain/snowhard/heavily下大雨（大雪）large/smallpopulation人口多（少）heavytraffic交通堵塞5.體現(xiàn)兩句間邏輯關(guān)系的連接性副詞解決這類問(wèn)題，首先要弄清形容詞和副詞真正含義，在解題時(shí)要弄清上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。常用的此類詞有：besides而且、再說(shuō),instead而是，反而,though不過(guò)，可是，然而,however不過(guò)，仍然，然而,thus/therefore因此，所以,furthermore/moreover此外，而且，再者,otherwise/or否則，不然,anyhow/anyway反正，不管怎樣,evenso即便如此，即使這樣,orrather更確切地說(shuō)等等。請(qǐng)看下列選擇題：=1\*GB3①Progresssofarhasbeenverygood._______,wearesurethattheprojectwillbecompletedontime.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Besides

【解析】“一直進(jìn)展良好”與“按時(shí)完工”是因果關(guān)系，用therefore。答案是C。=2\*GB3②Thehurricanedamagedmanyhousesandbusinessbuildings;_____,itcaused20deaths.A.orelseB.thereforeC.afterallD.besides【解析】由前后語(yǔ)境不難確定，是要表示“此外，還有，而且”，用besides。其它選項(xiàng)不合語(yǔ)境：orso大約；therefore因此；afterall畢竟。答案是D。=3\*GB3③Muchofthepowerofthetradeunionshasbeenlost._,theirpoliticalinfluenceshouldbeverygreat.A.AsaresultB.AsusualC.EvensoD.Sofar【解析】由前后的語(yǔ)意邏輯可知，所填之詞應(yīng)是表示“即使如此”之意，用evenso。句意：工會(huì)已經(jīng)失去很多權(quán)力了；即使這樣，他們的政治影響還應(yīng)當(dāng)還是很大的。答案是C。6.toomuch和muchtoo的區(qū)別=1\*GB3①toomuch有下列用法toomuch的含義是“太多”，充當(dāng)形容詞用時(shí)，too是副詞，用來(lái)修飾much，后接不可數(shù)名詞。Ihavetoomuchhomeworktodo.我有太多的家庭作業(yè)要做。toomuch充當(dāng)副詞用時(shí)，可用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.看電視看得太多對(duì)你的健康有害。toomuch充當(dāng)代詞用時(shí)，后面不接名詞，代替上下文提到的事物。Yougavemetoomuch.你給我的太多了。=2\*GB3②muchtoo意為“太”，much(副詞)用來(lái)修飾too(副詞)，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，只可起副詞作用，在句中修飾形容詞或副詞。It’smuchtooexpensive.太貴了。Youwalk(much)toofaryesterday.昨天你散步走得太遠(yuǎn)了。It’smuchtoocold.7.too…to結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)的不同意義①“too＋形容詞／副詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)稱為“too...to”結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)是英語(yǔ)中常用的一種句型，在大多數(shù)情況下表示否定意義，在翻譯時(shí)，通?？勺g為“太……而不能……”、“太……無(wú)法……”。Englishistoodifficultformetolearnwell.英語(yǔ)太難，我學(xué)不好。Thehatistoolargetowear.這帽子太大，沒(méi)法戴。②“too...to”不表示否定意義的情況：too...to結(jié)構(gòu)之前帶有but,only,all,never,not時(shí)，是強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定的表示法，譯作”非?！⑹帧?、實(shí)在……、真是太……”等；“too...to”結(jié)構(gòu)中帶有表示某種心情或描繪性的形容詞或副詞，如ready,eager,satisfied,kind,willing,easy,anxious等加動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)合成一個(gè)不可分割的狀態(tài)、態(tài)度、傾向或心情等。Iambuttoogladtodoso.我非常喜歡這樣做。ComradeLeiFengwastooreadytohelpothers.雷鋒同志樂(lè)于助人。①Wedon’tcareifahuntingdogsmells_,butwereallydon’twanthimtosmell____.A.well,well B.bad,bad C.well,badly D.badly,bad【解析】②Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,_____.A.hungryandtiredlyB.hungryandtiredC.hungrilyandtiredlyD.hungrilyandtired【解析】③AlthoughshedidnotknowBostonwell,shemadeherway______totheHomeA.easyenough B.enougheasy C.easilyenough D.enougheasily【解析】④______totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.Braveenoughstudents B.Enoughbravestudents

C.Studentsbraveenough D.Studentsenoughbrave【解析】⑤JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasa______car.

A.largeGermanwhite B.largewhiteGerman

C.whitelargeGerman D.Germanlargewhite【解析】⑥______studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.A.TenstrongyoungChinese B.TenChinesestrongyoung

C.Chinesetenyoungstrong D.YoungstrongtenChinese【解析】①HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenot______anativespeaker.

A.asfluentas B.morefluentthan C.sofluentlyas D.muchfluentlythan【解析】②Itistospendmoneyonpreventingillnessesbypromotinghealthylivingratherthanspendingittryingtomakepeopleaftertheyareill.A.good;good B.well;better C.better;better D.better;good【解析】③—Didyoutakeenoughmoneywithyou?—No,IneededIthoughtIwould.A.notsomuchas B.asmuchas C.muchmorethanD.muchlessthan【解析】④Ilikethisjacketbetterthanthatone，butitcostsalmostthreetimes_____.A.asmuch B.asmany C.somuch D.somany【解析】⑤Aroughestimate,Nigeriais__________GreatBritain.A.threetimesthesizeas B.thesizethreetimesofC.threetimesasthesizeof D.threetimesthesizeof【解析】⑥Itlooksliketheweatherischangingfor______.Shallwesticktoourplan?A.theworse B.worse C.theworstD.worst【解析】⑦Idon’tthinkthisfilmisbyfarthemostboring.Ihaveseen______.A.better B.worse C.thebest D.theworst【解析】①Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheardbefore.A.thebetterone B.thebestone C.abetterone D.agoodone【解析】②—Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?—Yes，I’veneverbeentoonebefore.A.amoreexcited B.themostexcited C.amoreexcitingD.themostexciting【解析】③Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels_____desiretogotobed.A.themost B.more C.worse D.theleast【解析】④Iusedtoearn_______thanapoundaweekwhenIfirststartedwork.A.alittle B.afew C.fewer D.less【解析】⑤Atyphoonsweptacrosstiffsareawithheavyrainsandwinds_______strongas113milesperhour.A.too B.very C.so D.as【解析】①You’redrivingtoofast.Canyoudrive?A.moreslowlyabitB.slowlyabitmoreC.abitmoreslowlyD.slowlymoreabit【解析】②Iwishyou’ddo________talkingandsomemorework.Thusthingswillbecomebetter.（2006江蘇卷）A.abitless B.anyless C.muchmoreD.alittlemore【解析】①TheweatherwascoldthatIdidn’tliketoleavemyroom.A.really B.such C.tooD.so【解析】②Wewerein______whenweleftthatweforgottheairlinetickets.A.arushsoanxiousB.asuchanxiousrushC.soananxiousrushD.suchananxiousrus【解析】①Alanisacarefuldriver,buthedrives______ofmyfriends.A.morecarefullyB.themostcarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.theleastcarefully【解析】②Ofthetwosisters,Bettyisone,andsheisalsotheonewholovestobequiet.A.ayounger B.ayoungest C.theyounger D.theyoungest【解析】①M(fèi)ybrotherisreally.Heoftenworksinhisofficefarintothenight.A.open-minded B.hard-working C.self-confident D.warm-hearted【解析】②AnewbusservicetoTianjinAirportA.normal B.usual C.regular D.common【解析】③SinceTomdownloadedavirusintohiscomputer，hecannotopenthefilenow.A.readily B.horribly C.accidentally D.irregularly【解析】④Ifitisquite_______toyou,IwillvisityounextTuesday.A.convenient B.fair C.easy D.comfortable【解析】2009年1.(安徽卷)—Doyouthinkit'sagoodideatomakefriendswithyourstudents?—,Ido.Ithinkit'sagreatidea.A.ReallyB.Obviously C.ActuallyD.Generally【答案】【解析】2.(福建卷)Itseemsthatlivinggreeniseasyandaffordable.Asmallstepmasksabigdifference.A.exactlyB.fortunatelyC.surprisinglyD.hardly【答案】【解析】3.(湖北卷)Asthereislessandlesscoalandoil,scientistsareexploringnewwaysofmakinguseofenergy,suchassunlight,windandwaterforpowerandfuel.A.primaryB.alternativeC.instant D.unique【答案】【解析】4.(湖北卷)Thequestionnairetakestentofifteenminutestocompleteandcanbeusedalongwiththeassessmentinterview.A.mainlyB.punctuallyC.approximately D.precisely【答案】【解析】5.(湖南卷)Ican______beateacher.I’mnotaverypatientperson.A.seldom B.ever C.never D.always【答案】【解析】6.(江蘇卷)Comparedwithhissister,Jerryisevenmore_____to,andmoreeasilytroubledby,emotionalandrelationshipproblems.A.skeptical B.addicted C.available D.sensitive【答案】【解析】7.(江西卷)Frankputthemediocreinthetopdrawertomakesureitwouldnotbe_______tothekids.A.accessible B.relative C.acceptable D.sensitive【答案】【解析】8.(遼寧卷)UsuallyJohnwouldbelateformeetings.Butthistime,tomysurprise,hearrivedontime.Alittle Bmuch Cever Deven【答案】【解析】9.(全國(guó)I)Howmuchshelookedwithoutherglasses!A.well B.good C.best D.better【答案】【解析】10.(全國(guó)II)Thechildrenlovedtheirdaytrip,andtheyenjoyedthehorseride_________.A.most B.more C.less D.little【答案】【解析】11.(全國(guó)II)I’msurethatyourletterwillget________attention.Theyknowyou’rewaitingforthereply.A.continued B.immediate C.careful D.general【答案】【解析】12.(全國(guó)II)It’shightimeyouhadyourhaircut;it’sgetting_____.A.toomuchlongB.muchtoolongC.longtoomuchD.toolongmuch【答案】【解析】13.(天津卷)Itwasanicehouse,but_______toosmallforafamilyoflive.A.rarely B.fairly C.rather D.pretty【答案】【解析】14.(天津卷)I’mnotsurprisedthathebecameawriter.Evenasachildhehada_____imagination.A.clear B.cautious C.funny D.vivid【答案】【解析】15.（四川卷）Myuncle’shouseinthedowntownareaismuchsmallerthanours,butitistwice_______expensive.A.as B.so C.too D.very【答案】【解析】16.(浙江卷)Johnisvery——ifhepromisestodosomethinghe’lldoit.A.independent B.confident C.reliable D.flexible【答案】【解析】17.(浙江卷)Inthegoodcareofthenurses,theboyisrecoveringfromhisheartoperation.A.quietly B.actually C.practically D.gradually【答案】【解析】18.(浙江卷)Ittookbuildingsuppliestoconstructtheseenergy-savinghouses.Ittookbrains,too.A.otherthan B.morethanC.ratherthan D.lessthan【答案】【解析】19.(浙江卷)_______andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.A.the;a B.Tired C.Tiring D.Beingtired【答案】【解析】20.(浙江卷)Theincomesofskilledworkerswentup.______,unskilledworkerssawtheirearningsfall.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Meanwhile D.Otherwise【答案】【解析】2010年1.(全國(guó)I)Ihaveseldomseenmymother________pleasedwithmyprogressassheisnow.A.so B.very C.too D.rather【答案】【解析】2.(全國(guó)II)Theislandis____attractiveinspringandautumnbecauseofthepleasantweatherinbothseasons.A.partly B.merelyC.nearly D.equally【答案】【解析】3.(全國(guó)II)Mr.Blackisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeen.A.popular B.morepopularC.mostpopular D.themostpopular【答案】【解析】4.(安徽卷)_______,sheisthesortofwomantospreadsunshinetopeoplethroughhersmile.A.Shyandcautious B.SensitiveandthoughtfulC.Honestandconfident D.Lightheartedandoptimistic【答案】【解析】5.(福建卷)—VolunteeringisbecomingpopularinChina.—Yeah,peoplearenowawarethathelpingothersishelpingthemselves.A.naturallyB.successfully C.splendidlyD.increasingly【答案】【解析】6.(福建卷)Drunkdriving,whichwasonceaoccurrence,isnowundercontrol.A.generalB.frequent C.normal D.particular【答案】【解析】7.(湖北卷)Inthelecture,Icanonlygiveyouapurelyviewofhowwecanlivelifetothefullandmakesomesuggestionsaboutthefuture.A.private B.personal C.unique D.different【答案】【解析】8.(湖北卷)Mistakesdon’tjusthappen;theyoccurforareason.Findoutthereason,andthenmakingthemistakebecomes.A.favourable B.preciousC.essential D.worthwhile【答案】【解析】9.(湖北卷)IfIfindsomeonewholookslikethesuspect,myreactionwillbetotellthepolice.A.physical B.immediateC.sensitive D.sudden【答案】【解析】10.(湖北卷)Iwasn’tblaminganyone;Isaiderrorslikethiscouldbeavoided.A.merelyB.mostlyC.rarely D.nearly【答案】【解析】11.(湖南卷)Father________goestothegymwithusalthoughhedislikesgoingthere.A.hardly B.seldomC.sometimesD.never【答案】【解析】12.(江西卷)Computersandmobilephones,thoughtheyareindeedmakingourlifeandmore,havereducedtheneedforface-to-facecommunication.A.easily;efficient B.easy,efficient C.easy;efficiently D.easily;efficiently【答案】【解析】13.(遼寧卷)Jimwenttoanswerthephone._______,Harrystartedtopreparelunch.A.However B.Nevertheless C.BesidesD.Meanwhile【答案】【解析】14.(遼寧卷)Weonlyhad＄100andthatwas_______tobuyanewcomputer.A.nowherenearenough B.nearenoughnowhereC.enoughnearnowhere D.nearnowhereenough【答案】【解析】15.(山東卷)Mothersholdingjobsoutsidethehomeshouldhave_______schedulestomakeiteasiertocarefortheirchildren.A.heavy B.smooth C.flexible D.complex【答案】【解析】16.(陜西卷)Studiesshowthatpeoplearemoretosufferfrombackproblemsiftheyalwayssitbeforecomputerscreensforlonghours.A.likely B.possible C.probable D.sure【答案】【解析】17.(天津卷)Peoplehavealways______aboutexactlyhowlifeonearthbegan.A.curious B.excitedC.anxious D.careful【答案】【解析】18.(浙江卷)Ihavebeenconvincedthattheprintmediaareusuallymore__andmorereliablethantelevision.A.accurate B.ridiculousC.urgent D.shallow【答案】【解析】19.(浙江卷)Doyouthinkshoppingonlinewill__taketheplaceofshoppinginstores?A.especiallyB.frequently C.merelyD.finally【答案】【解析】20.(浙江卷)Playingonafrozensportsfieldsoundslikealotoffun.Isn'titratherrisky,__________.A.thoughB.also C.eitherD.too【答案】【解析】21.(四川卷)Theschoolwasmovedoutofdowntownasthenumberofstudentshadgrowntoo.A.small B.few C.1argeD.many【答案】【解析】22.(上海卷)Inancienttimes,peoplerarelytravelledlongdistancesandmostfarmersonlytravelledthelocalmarket.A.longerthan B.morethan C.asmuchasD.asfaras【答案】【解析】23.(上海卷).Ittookusquitealongtimetogettotheamusementpark.Itwasjourney.A.threehour B.athree-hoursC.athree-hour D.threehours【答案】【解析】2011年1.（新課標(biāo)卷)Theformcannotbesignedbyanyoneyourself.A.ratherthanB.othertha