2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Module3ForeignFoodFunctionandGrammar課時(shí)作業(yè)含解析外研版選修8

Module3ForeignFoodⅠ.閱讀理解Initsearlyhistory,Chicagohadfloodsfrequently,especiallyinthespring,makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople,horses,andcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentsomethinglikethis:AmanisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.Askedifheneedshelp,hereplies，“No,thanks.I'vegotagoodhorseunderme.”Thecityplannersdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage(排水)system,buttheresimplywasn'tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity'sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice:eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements,andthesecondstoriesintomainfloors,orhoisttheentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood-framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.Butwhataboutlarge,heavystructuresliketheTremontHotel,whichwasasix-storybrickbuilding?That'swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehouse-movingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotel,Pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews(螺旋千斤頂)beneaththebuilding'sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman'ssignaleachmanturnedhisjackscrewthesameamountatthesametime,therebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.Astonishingly,theTremontHotelstayedopenduringtheentireoperation,andmanyofitsguestsdidn'tevennoticeanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago'searlyhistory,everyengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago'swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity'snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.芝加哥早期城市規(guī)劃不合理，一遇洪災(zāi)路面就會(huì)非常泥濘，后來在工程師EllisChesbrough和GeorgePullman的努力下，勝利將城市路面以及建筑物提高，避開路面受洪災(zāi)影響，但這又導(dǎo)致了另外一個(gè)問題的出現(xiàn)。1．Theauthormentionsthejoketoshow________.A．horseswerefairlyusefulinChicagoB．Chicago'sstreetswereextremelymuddyC．ChicagowasverydangerousinthespringD．theChicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorous答案：B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者講這個(gè)笑話是為了說明芝加哥的路面非常泥濘。2．ThecityplannerswereconvincedbyEllisChesbroughto________.A．getridofthestreetdirt B．lowertheChicagoRiverC．fightagainstheavyfloods D．buildthepipesaboveground答案：D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。從文章第三段第一句“AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.”可得出答案。3．Theunderlinedword“hoist”inParagraph4means“__________”．A．change B．liftC．repair D．decorate答案：B解析：詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)文章第四段畫線詞后面的“Smallwood-framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.”可知，hoist與lift同義。4．WhatcanweconcludeaboutthemovingoperationoftheTremontHotel?A．Itwentonsmoothlyasintended.B．Itinterruptedthebusinessofthehotel.C．ItinvolvedPullmanturningtenjackscrews.D．Itseparatedthebuildingfromitsfoundation.答案：A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段最終一句“Astonishingly,theTremontHotelstayedopenduringtheentireoperation,andmanyofitsguestsdidn'tevennoticeanythingwashappening.”可推斷出TremontHotel的移動(dòng)工程進(jìn)行得很順當(dāng)。Ⅱ.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Aesop(伊索)wasaslavelivingaround550BC.Wecallthestorieshewrotefables,aseverystoryhasamoral.Almostallthefableshewroteare__1__(humor)andentertaining,appealingtopeople__2__allages.Todate,Aesop'sfables__3__(translate)intomanylanguagesandareknownallovertheworld.Notonly__4__thefablesthemselveslivedfornearly1,500years,but__5__(express)fromthemhaveenteredvariouslanguages.Onefable,forinstance,isaboutafarmerwhowasdrivinghiscartalongacountryroad.Thecartgot__6__(stick)inthemud,butthefarmermade__7__efforttogetitout.Instead,hebegantopraytothegodsforhelp.ThegodHerculesfinallyappearedandtold__8__mantogetbusyandpush__9__.“Pushyourshouldertothewheel.”Herculesadvised.Themoralofthestoryisclear.Wemustn'trelyonothersforhelp.Anothersayingwhichhascomefromthefableis“Godhelpsthose__10__helpthemselves.”1．humorous/humourous解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。依據(jù)空格前的連系動(dòng)詞are可知，此空格應(yīng)填形容詞作表語。humor的形容詞為humorous/humourous。2．of解析：考查介詞。此處指他寫的寓言故事吸引了全部年齡段的人。of用來連接兩個(gè)名詞，其中其次個(gè)名詞限定第一個(gè)名詞或給出有關(guān)第一個(gè)名詞的更多信息，符合語境。故填of。3．have_been_translated解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。動(dòng)詞translate與主語Aesop'sfables之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；且依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“Todate”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填havebeentranslated。4．have解析：考查助動(dòng)詞。notonly放于句首時(shí)，其所引導(dǎo)的句子須用部分倒裝，即將助動(dòng)詞放在主語前面；依據(jù)“l(fā)ivedfornearly1,500years”可知，此處應(yīng)運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語為thefables，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念。故填have。5．expressions解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，but后的分句中謂語動(dòng)詞為“haveentered”，空格處應(yīng)為名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，指這些寓言故事里的一些表達(dá)已經(jīng)深化到許多語言中去了。express的名詞為expression。故填expressions。6．stuck解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。固定搭配getstuckin意為“陷入”，符合語境。故填stuck。7．no/little解析：考查形容詞