浙江省寧波市慈溪市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期6月期末英語試題

2023學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高一期末測試英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Finishherreport.B.Buysomegroceries.C.Pickuphermother.2.HowmuchmoredoesBrianwant?A.$10.B.$20.C.$30.3.Wherewillthemanprobablygoforholiday?A.TheNationalPark.B.Themountain.C.Theseaside.4.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Studyinthelibrary.B.Getalibrarycard.C.Borrowbooks.5.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoing?A.Waitingfortherepairman.B.Doingnothingforashortwhile.C.Pressingtheemergencybuttonatonce.第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Toaskforadvice.B.Toconfirmthetesttime.C.Tosharestudymethods.7.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Waysofdoingtheshooting.B.Waysofdoingmathshomework.C.Waysofrememberingtimestables.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatisthemangoingtodotoday?A.Writeareport.B.Takeatest.C.Makeapresentation.9.Howdoesthemanfeelnow?A.Worried.B.Confident.C.Tired.10.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Setoffearlier.B.Workharder.C.Checkthetraffic.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whenshouldthewomanarriveatthepany?A.At8:00am.B.At8:15am.C.At8:30am.12.Whydidthewomangetupsolatethismorning?A.Shewastoosleepy.B.Theweatherwastoocold.C.Thealarmdidn’tgooffproperly.13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Formerschoolmates.C.Colleagues.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Wheredidthewomangetherfirstjobaftercollege?A.Inafilmstudio.B.Inatalentagency.C.Inapublishingfirm.15.Whydidthewoman’smotherputherinactingclasses?A.Todevelophertalent.B.Toletherknowmorepeople.C.Tohelpheroverehershyness.16.Whatsportdoesthewomanlikebest?A.Swimming.B.Skiing.C.Skating.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.HowdidthespeakergettoSpain?A.Bytrain.B.Byplane.C.Byship.18.WhatdidthespeakerdoonthefirstnightinSpain?A.Sherestedatthehotel.B.Shevisitedsomefriends.C.Sheexperienceditsnightlife.19.WhichplacedidthespeakervisitlastinSpain?A.PradoMuseum.B.SantiagoStadium.C.RetiroPark.20.WhatdidthespeakerthinkofhertripinMorocco?A.Great.B.Terrible.C.Boring.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEurope’sMostBeautifulLibrariesLibrariesholdaspecialcharm.Here’sabriefintroductionofsomeofthemostamazinglibrariesacrossEurope.RoyalLibraryinCopenhagen,DenmarkBuiltin1999,itisanextensionoftheoldlibrary,whoseterrace(露臺(tái))canacmodatelargecrowdsforeventssuchasconcertsandplays.Apartfromthemainfunctionsofalibrary,thebuildinghousesabookshop,acafeandarestaurant.WarsawUniversityLibraryinPolandLocatedinthecitycenter,itwasfoundedin1816,althoughthenewbuildingwaspletedin1999.Itsentrancecontainsblockswithwritingsinvariouslanguages,includingawritingofPlato’sinAncientGreekandalsooneinAncientPolish.Wirtschaftsuniversit?tBibliothekinVienna,AustriaPartsofthesitewereoriginallybuiltin1898,butthelibrarywasrepairedfollowingafirein2005.Theinnovativedecorationgivestheimpressionthattheycamefromanotherplanet.ItalsoboaststhetitleofthebiggestlibraryinGermanspeakingcountries.BibliotecaNazionaleMarcianainVenice,ItalyItislocatedoffSanMarcoSquareandwaspletedinthelate1500s.DesignedbyJacopoSansovino,ithasanelegantandsomewhatunusualstylefortheperiodinwhichitwasbuilt.Theinteriorbeautycanreallyholdyourbreath.1.WhatcanvisitorsdointheRoyalLibrary?A.Seemovies. B.Sellbooks. C.Makecoffee. D.Enjoyconcerts.2.Whichlibraryhasthelongesthistory?A.RoyalLibrary. B.WarsawUniversityLibrary.C.Wirtschaftsuniversit?tBibliothek. D.BibliotecaNazionaleMarciana.3.Whatdothefirstthreelibrarieshaveinmon?A.Theyallhavemanyfunctions.B.Theyarenottheoriginalarchitectures.C.Theyarefamousfortheiruniquedecoration.D.Theyhousemanyancientworksinvariouslanguages.【答案】1.D2.D3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章要介紹了歐洲一些最美麗的圖書館，包括它們的位置、歷史、設(shè)計(jì)和特色等。每個(gè)圖書館的描述都提供了具體的細(xì)節(jié)，如建造年份、建筑特色、內(nèi)部設(shè)施等，旨在向讀者介紹這些圖書館的獨(dú)特之處。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章RoyalLibraryinCopenhagen,Denmark部分中的“Builtin1999,itisanextensionoftheoldlibrary,whoseterrace(露臺(tái))canacmodatelargecrowdsforeventssuchasconcertsandplays.(它建于1999年，是舊圖書館的延伸，其露臺(tái)可以容納大量人群舉辦音樂會(huì)和戲劇等活動(dòng))”可知，這個(gè)圖書館除了圖書館的基本功能外，其露臺(tái)還可以容納大量人群進(jìn)行音樂會(huì)等活動(dòng)。因此，游客可以在皇家圖書館欣賞音樂會(huì)。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章RoyalLibraryinCopenhagen,Denmark部分中的“Builtin1999,itisanextensionoftheoldlibrary,whoseterrace(露臺(tái))canacmodatelargecrowdsforeventssuchasconcertsandplays.(它建于1999年，是舊圖書館的延伸，其露臺(tái)可以容納大量人群舉辦音樂會(huì)和戲劇等活動(dòng))”、WarsawUniversityLibraryinPoland部分中的“Locatedinthecitycenter,itwasfoundedin1816,althoughthenewbuildingwaspletedin1999.(它位于市中心，始建于1816年，盡管新建筑于1999年完工。)”、Wirtschaftsuniversit?tBibliothekinVienna,Austria部分中的“Partsofthesitewereoriginallybuiltin1898,butthelibrarywasrepairedfollowingafirein2005.(圖書館的部分建筑最初建于1898年，但在2005年的一場火災(zāi)后，圖書館得到了修復(fù))”以及BibliotecaNazionaleMarcianainVenice,Italy部分中的“ItislocatedoffSanMarcoSquareandwaspletedinthelate1500s.(它位于圣馬可廣場附近，于16世紀(jì)后期完工)”可知，WarsawUniversityLibrary是在1816年成立的，RoyalLibrary是1999年建造的，Wirtschaftsuniversit?tBibliothek的部分建筑是在1898年建造的，但經(jīng)過2005年的火災(zāi)后進(jìn)行了修復(fù)，而BibliotecaNazionaleMarciana是在16世紀(jì)末完成的。因此，BibliotecaNazionaleMarciana是這些圖書館中歷史最悠久的。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章RoyalLibraryinCopenhagen,Denmark部分中的“Builtin1999,itisanextensionoftheoldlibrary,whoseterrace(露臺(tái))canacmodatelargecrowdsforeventssuchasconcertsandplays.(它建于1999年，是舊圖書館的延伸，其露臺(tái)可以容納大量人群舉辦音樂會(huì)和戲劇等活動(dòng))”、WarsawUniversityLibraryinPoland部分中的“Locatedinthecitycenter,itwasfoundedin1816,althoughthenewbuildingwaspletedin1999.(它位于市中心，始建于1816年，盡管新建筑于1999年完工)”、Wirtschaftsuniversit?tBibliothekinVienna,Austria部分中的“Partsofthesitewereoriginallybuiltin1898,butthelibrarywasrepairedfollowingafirein2005.(圖書館的部分建筑最初建于1898年，但在2005年的一場火災(zāi)后，圖書館得到了修復(fù))”可知，RoyalLibrary是1999年建造的，是舊圖書館的擴(kuò)建；WarsawUniversityLibrary的新建筑是在1999年完成的；Wirtschaftsuniversit?tBibliothek的部分建筑是在1898年建造的，但經(jīng)過2005年的火災(zāi)后進(jìn)行了修復(fù)。因此，這三個(gè)圖書館的共同點(diǎn)是它們都不是原始的建筑。故選B。BWhen89yearoldLiJinrongheardsomeonecallingher“mom”ataneventinWuhan,HubeiProvince,sheimmediatelyrosefromherseat.Aforeignwomanrantowardherbeforehugginghertightlyandsaying,“Mom,mom.”Thewoman,BouammouchKheira,isfromAlgeria.Sheunderwentatotalnasalreconstructionoperation(全鼻再造手術(shù))—thefirstofitskindinAfrica—thatwasdonebyLiandothermembersofaChinesemedicalteam40yearsago.In1984,Lijoinedthe11thChinesemedicalaidmissiontoAlgeria.ShehelpedahospitalintheNorthAfricancountrycarryoutoral(口腔的)andfacialoperations.In1985,12yearoldKheiravisitedthehospitaltoseektreatmentforastomachinfection.DoctorLihappenedtonoticeKheira’sbadlydisfigured(容貌受損的)nose,thetipofwhichwasbittenoffbyadonkeywhenshewasjust2yearsold.“Hadshenotbeendisfigured,shewouldhavegrownuptobeagreatbeauty,”Lisaid.ThenshedevisedadetailedtreatmentplananddecidedtotransplanttheskinfromoneofKheira’supperarmstoreconstructhernose,becauseitmatchedherfacialskintoneandwouldnotleavenoticeablescars.Thoughscaredatfirst,Li’ssincereattitudeandcaringwordsremindedherofhermotherandgaveherhope.ThereconstructionofKheira’snoserequiredfouroperationsoveraperiodoftwomonths.Afteritsperfectpletion,Kheiraranfromward(病房)toward,tellingeveryonethatshenowhadanose,agiftfromher“Chinesemother”.Kheiratravelled10,000kilometersfromAlgeriatoWuhan.“ThisismyfirstvisittoChina,butIdon’tfeelthejourneywashardatall,becauseIamsoexcitedtomeetProfessorLi,myChinesemother,”Kheiraadded,“WithoutmyChinesemother,mylifewouldbedarkerthandeath,”4.WhydidKheiragotothehospitalin1985?A.ShewenttovisitdoctorLibydesign. B.Hernosetipwasbittenoffbyadonkey.C.Shelongedtolearnaboutfacialoperations. D.Therewassomethingwrongwithherstomach.5.WhatdoweknowabouttheoperationperformedonKheira?A.ItleftnoscarsonKheira’body. B.ItmadeKheira’slifemorepositive.C.Itwasthefirstofthiskindintheworld. D.Itwasfinishedtotallyinonesignificantoperation.6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeProfessorLi?A.Caringandconsiderate. B.Honestandenergetic.C.Humbleandpassionate. D.Selflessandambitious.7.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MotherofanAfricanGirl. B.AHeartwarmingReunion.C.TheStrikingNasalOperation. D.ContributionsofChineseMedicalTeams.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要講述了中國醫(yī)療援助團(tuán)隊(duì)1985年在阿爾及利亞為一位患者進(jìn)行全鼻再造手術(shù)，近40年后當(dāng)時(shí)的患者Kheira跨越萬里只為和當(dāng)時(shí)的醫(yī)生“中國媽媽”李金榮重聚，表達(dá)感激之情?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“In1985,12yearoldKheiravisitedthehospitaltoseektreatmentforastomachinfection.(1985年，12歲的Kheira到醫(yī)院尋求治療胃部感染)”可知，Kheira在1985年去了醫(yī)院是因?yàn)樗奈赣袉栴}。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Afteritsperfectpletion,Kheiraranfromward( 病房 )toward,tellingeveryonethatshenowhadanose,agiftfromher“Chinesemother”.(在完美完成后，凱拉從一個(gè)病房跑到另一個(gè)病房，告訴每個(gè)人她現(xiàn)在有了一個(gè)鼻子，這是她的“中國媽媽”給她的禮物。)”以及最后一段““ThisismyfirstvisittoChina,butIdon’tfeelthejourneywashardatall,becauseIamsoexcitedtomeetProfessorLi,myChinesemother,”Kheiraadded,“WithoutmyChinesemother,mylifewouldbedarkerthandeath,”(‘這是我第一次來中國，但我一點(diǎn)也不覺得旅途艱難，因?yàn)槲液芘d奮能見到我的中國母親李教授，’凱拉補(bǔ)充道：‘沒有我的中國母親，我的生活將比死還要黑暗。’)”可知，凱拉的手術(shù)使凱拉的生活更加積極。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Hadshenotbeendisfigured,shewouldhavegrownuptobeagreatbeauty,”Lisaid.ThenshedevisedadetailedtreatmentplananddecidedtotransplanttheskinfromoneofKheira’supperarmstoreconstructhernose,becauseitmatchedherfacialskintoneandwouldnotleavenoticeablescars.(“如果她沒有被毀容，她長大后會(huì)是一個(gè)大美人，”李說。然后，她設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)詳細(xì)的治療計(jì)劃，并決定從凱拉的上臂上移植皮膚來重建她的鼻子，因?yàn)樗c她的面部膚色相匹配，不會(huì)留下明顯的疤痕)”以及第四段“Thoughscaredatfirst,Li’ssincereattitudeandcaringwordsremindedherofhermotherandgaveherhope.(雖然一開始很害怕，但李真誠的態(tài)度和關(guān)心的話語讓她想起了母親，給了她希望)”可知，李教授是一個(gè)關(guān)心和體貼他人的人。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“When89yearoldLiJinrongheardsomeonecallingher“mom”ataneventinWuhan,HubeiProvince,sheimmediatelyrosefromherseat.sAforeignwomanrantowardherbeforehugginghertightlyandsaying,“Mom,mom.(在湖北武漢的一次活動(dòng)中，89歲的李金榮聽到有人叫她“媽媽”，她立刻從座位上站了起來。一個(gè)外國女人跑過來緊緊地抱住她說：“媽媽，媽媽?！?”、最后一段中“Kheiratravelled10,000kilometersfromAlgeriatoWuhan.“ThisismyfirstvisittoChina,butIdon’tfeelthejourneywashardatall,becauseIamsoexcitedtomeetProfessorLi,myChinesemother,”Kheiraadded,“WithoutmyChinesemother,mylifewouldbedarkerthandeath.”(凱拉從阿爾及利亞到武漢旅行了1萬公里?！斑@是我第一次來中國，但我一點(diǎn)也不覺得旅途艱難，因?yàn)槲液芘d奮能見到我的中國母親李教授，”凱拉補(bǔ)充道，“沒有我的中國母親，我的生活將比死還要黑暗?！?”結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了中國醫(yī)療援助團(tuán)隊(duì)1985年在阿爾及利亞的Kheira進(jìn)行全鼻再造手術(shù)，近40年后Kheira跨越萬里來到中國只為和當(dāng)時(shí)的醫(yī)生“中國媽媽”李金榮重聚，表達(dá)感激之情。B選項(xiàng)“溫馨的團(tuán)聚”最符合文章主旨。故選B。CTheParisOlympicsaregettingreadytodefendagainstcyberattacks(網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊),withthethreatpossiblyingfromcriminals.“Weareworriedabouteverythingfromthebroadcasterstothesponsors,transportinfrastructures(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)andsupport,andpetitions.Anykindofattackisonthetable,”saidJohnHultquist,ananalystatMandiantConsulting,aUScybersecurityconsultancyfirm.Hisconcernisreasonable,ascyberattacksaresurprisinglymonduringtheOlympicGames.ThefirstcyberattackontheOlympicswasinMontrealin1976.Manyeventshadtobepostponedormovedbecauseofthe48hourelectricaldisruption.TokyoOlympicsin2021reported450millioncyberattacks—whichdoubledthenumberexperiencedduringthe2012LondonOlympics.However,it’simportanttonotethattheParisOlympicswillmakethefirstattempttotakeheavyadvantageofartificialintelligence(AI)initsoperation.“AIwillhaveahugeimpactonus,”aseniorFrenchmilitaryofficialstated.“Itwillallowustorearrangedatafasterandextractkeyevents,whichwillhelpfightback.”However,healsowarnedthattherearemanyenemiesandtheresourcesmaynotbeenoughtodealwithallpossibleattacks.Theseattackscouldtargetgyms,localtransportationsuchastrainsandsubways,Paris’electricityandwatersystems,phonenetworks,andmediareportingoftheGames.Thehighestriskinvolvesdisruptionofinfrastructuresandbroadcasts.Furthermore,attackscouldextendbeyondtheGameswiththespreadoffakevideosabouttheevents.Deepfakevideoscouldbeusedtodistractfromtherealityofparticularevents.Hultquistalsowarnedthatpetitionresultscouldbetampered(篡改)with,highlightingthepotentialforinterference(干擾)withcameras,timekeepingdevices,andscoreboards.Talkingabouttheimportanceofdatasecurity,heremendedkeepingsystemsisolated(隔離的)andusingpaperbackupsforscorestoensuretheirsecurity.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“onthetable”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Ready. B.Harmful. C.Possible. D.Preventable.9.WhyaremanyOlympicsinthehistorymentionedinparagraph3?A.TogivetheevidenceofJohn’sworry. B.Tospecifythefiguresofthecyberattacks.C.Tohighlightthesharpincreaseincyberattacks. D.Toillustratethebadeffectcausedbythedisruption.10.WhatistheseniorFrenchmilitaryofficial’sattitudetowardtheuseofAIintheParisOlympics?A.Curiousbutopposed. B.Positiveandoptimistic.C.Supportivebutcautious. D.Uninterestedanddoubtful.11.Whatarethelasttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thehighrisksandtheirinfluences.B.Safetyconcernsoftheeventandthesolutions.C.Theimpactofdeepfakevideosandrelatedmeasures.D.Thepotentialinterferenceandtheimportanceofsecurity.【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)正準(zhǔn)備防范網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊，威脅可能來自犯罪分子。這樣的擔(dān)憂不無道理，因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊在奧運(yùn)會(huì)期間出人意料地普遍?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“TheParisOlympicsaregettingreadytodefendagainstcyberattacks(網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊),withthethreatpossiblyingfromcriminals.(巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)正準(zhǔn)備防范網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊，威脅可能來自犯罪分子)”以及劃線詞上文“Weareworriedabouteverythingfromthebroadcasterstothesponsors,transportinfrastructures(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)andsupport,andpetitions.(我們對轉(zhuǎn)播商、贊助商、交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和支持以及比賽等一切都感到擔(dān)憂)”以及“Anykindofattackis”可知，上文提到他們對一切網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊都感到擔(dān)憂，由此說明任何形式的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊都是可能的。故劃線詞意思是“可能的”。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Hisconcernisreasonable,ascyberattacksaresurprisinglymonduringtheOlympicGames.ThefirstcyberattackontheOlympicswasinMontrealin1976.Manyeventshadtobepostponedormovedbecauseofthe48hourelectricaldisruption.TokyoOlympicsin2021reported450millioncyberattacks—whichdoubledthenumberexperiencedduringthe2012LondonOlympics.(他的擔(dān)憂不無道理，因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊在奧運(yùn)會(huì)期間出人意料地普遍。第一次針對奧運(yùn)會(huì)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊發(fā)生在1976年的蒙特利爾奧運(yùn)會(huì)。由于48小時(shí)的電力中斷，許多活動(dòng)不得不推遲或轉(zhuǎn)移。2021年東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)報(bào)告了4.5億次網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊，是2012年倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的兩倍)”可知，提到歷史上的許多奧運(yùn)會(huì)是為了給出約翰擔(dān)心的證據(jù)。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““AIwillhaveahugeimpactonus,”aseniorFrenchmilitaryofficialstated.“Itwillallowustorearrangedatafasterandextractkeyevents,whichwillhelpfightback.”However,healsowarnedthattherearemanyenemiesandtheresourcesmaynotbeenoughtodealwithallpossibleattacks.(法國軍方一位高級(jí)官員表示：“人工智能將對我們產(chǎn)生巨大影響?！薄八鼘⑹刮覀兡軌蚋斓刂匦屡帕袛?shù)據(jù)并提取關(guān)鍵事件，這將有助于反擊。”然而，他也警告說，敵人很多，資源可能不足以應(yīng)對所有可能的襲擊)”可知，法國軍方高級(jí)官員對在巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)上使用人工智能持支持但謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theseattackscouldtargetgyms,localtransportationsuchastrainsandsubways,Paris’electricityandwatersystems,phonenetworks,andmediareportingoftheGames.Thehighestriskinvolvesdisruptionofinfrastructuresandbroadcasts.Furthermore,attackscouldextendbeyondtheGameswiththespreadoffakevideosabouttheevents.Deepfakevideoscouldbeusedtodistractfromtherealityofparticularevents.(這些攻擊的目標(biāo)可能是健身房、火車和地鐵等當(dāng)?shù)亟煌üぞ?、巴黎的電力和供水系統(tǒng)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及媒體對奧運(yùn)會(huì)的報(bào)道。最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和廣播中斷。此外，隨著有關(guān)奧運(yùn)會(huì)的虛假視頻的傳播，攻擊可能會(huì)延伸到奧運(yùn)會(huì)之外。深度造假視頻可以用來分散人們對特定事件現(xiàn)實(shí)的注意力)”以及最后一段“Hultquistalsowarnedthatpetitionresultscouldbetampered(篡改)with,highlightingthepotentialforinterference(干擾)withcameras,timekeepingdevices,andscoreboards.Talkingabouttheimportanceofdatasecurity,heremendedkeepingsystemsisolated(隔離的)andusingpaperbackupsforscorestoensuretheirsecurity.(胡爾特奎斯特還警告說，比賽結(jié)果可能被篡改，他強(qiáng)調(diào)了干擾攝像機(jī)、計(jì)時(shí)設(shè)備和記分牌的可能性。在談到數(shù)據(jù)安全的重要性時(shí)，他建議保持系統(tǒng)隔離，并使用紙質(zhì)備份來確保分?jǐn)?shù)的安全性)”可知，最后兩段主要講的是活動(dòng)的安全問題及解決方案。故選B。DHaveyoueverwonderedabouttheuniversallayout(布局)ofsupermarkets?Smartdesignersarebehindit,subtlytemptingyoutowalkthrougheachaisleandfillyourshoppingcartwithoutevenrealizingit.Grocerystoredesignisacarefullycraftedartfrombothpsychologicalandmarketingstandpoints,accordingtoReevesConnelly,whostudiedarchitecturaldesignatthePrattInstitute.Heexplainedthereisaspecificreasonwhyfruitandvegetablesareoftenlocatedatthefrontofthestore,“You’llgrabthefruitsandvegetablesfirstandthenhopefullyfeellessguiltyaboutbuyingjunkfoodlateron.”Meanwhile,essentialitemssuchasmilkandeggsareplacedatthebackofthestoretoensurecustomerswalkthroughotheraisleswithmanyunhealthyoptionslikesnacksandsodas,potentiallyincreasingthelikelihoodofimpulsepurchases.There’salsoareasonwhyyouoftenfeellostinlocalsupermarkets.Shockingly,theymovethingsaround.Reevesexplained,“Theyareverymuchawarethatthesestrategiesbeelesseffectiveafteryouvisitthestoreafewtimesandgetabettersenseofwhereeverythingis,sothey’llregularlymovetheproductstodifferentaislestoconfuseyou.Thepracticeisnotlimitedtoaspecificstorebutisemployedacrossvariousretailchains.”“Theirlittletricksalwaysworkonme,”oneregularshopperadmits,“Iwalkintogetthreethingsandendupspending$300;that’swhyIhategroceryshopping,”hesaid.Ontheotherhand,someshoppersareproudtodeclaretheyhaveneverfallenintothetrap.“That’swhyIalwayskeepashoppinglistonme,”anothershoppershared.“I’vestartedhavingmygroceriesdelivered.IfIhavetogotothestore,Inevergrabatrolley.IfIcan’tcarryit,I’mnotbuyingit,”headded.12.Whatisthepurposeofthesupermarketlayout?A.Toshowthedesigner’swisdom. B.Tosaveconsumers’shoppingtime.C.Toincreasenonessentialpurchases. D.Toprovidemultiplegoodsforchoice.13.Whatwouldthestoreownerprobablydotomakemoreprofits?A.Putthehealthyfoodtogether. B.Distributejunkfoodindifferentareas.C.Placeessentialitemsbeforejunkfood. D.Rearrangeproductsinsupermarketsregularly.14.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Mostshoppersaretrappedinmarketingtricks.B.Shoppingbasketsarebetterthanheavytrolleys.C.Makinglistscanbeasmartactforimpulsebuying.D.Grocerydeliverycanhelpimprovesupermarketsales.15.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Abusinessmagazine. B.Apsychologyreport.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Ashoppingguide.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了超市布局背后促進(jìn)非必要消費(fèi)的特殊原因以及建議?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Meanwhile,essentialitemssuchasmilkandeggsareplacedatthebackofthestoretoensurecustomerswalkthroughotheraisleswithmanyunhealthyoptionslikesnacksandsodas,potentiallyincreasingthelikelihoodofimpulsepurchases.(與此同時(shí)，牛奶和雞蛋等必需品被放在商店的后面，以確保顧客穿過其他過道，有許多不健康的選擇，如零食和蘇打水，這可能會(huì)增加沖動(dòng)購物的可能性)”可知，超市布局的目的是促進(jìn)非必要消費(fèi)。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Reevesexplained,“Theyareverymuchawarethatthesestrategiesbeelesseffectiveafteryouvisitthestoreafewtimesandgetabettersenseofwhereeverythingis,sothey’llregularlymovetheproductstodifferentaislestoconfuseyou.Thepracticeisnotlimitedtoaspecificstorebutisemployedacrossvariousretailchains.”(里夫斯解釋說：“他們非常清楚，當(dāng)你幾次光顧商店并更好地了解每樣商品的位置后，這些策略的效果就會(huì)降低，所以他們會(huì)定期將產(chǎn)品移到不同的過道，讓你感到困惑。這種做法不僅限于特定的商店，而是被各種零售連鎖店采用?！?”可知，為了提高利潤，店主可能會(huì)定期重新安排超市的產(chǎn)品布局。故選D。14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Ontheotherhand,someshoppersareproudtodeclaretheyhaveneverfallenintothetrap.“That’swhyIalwayskeepashoppinglistonme,”anothershoppershared.(另一方面，一些購物者自豪地宣稱他們從未落入陷阱?！斑@就是為什么我總是把購物清單放在身上，”另一位購物者分享道)”可推知，帶購物清單是避免沖動(dòng)購物的明智之舉。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Haveyoueverwonderedabouttheuniversallayout(布局)ofsupermarkets?Smartdesignersarebehindit,subtlytemptingyoutowalkthrougheachaisleandfillyourshoppingcartwithoutevenrealizingit.(你有沒有想過超市的通用布局？聰明的設(shè)計(jì)師在背后，巧妙地引誘你穿過每一條過道，在不知不覺中裝滿購物車)”以及全文可知，文章主要說明了超市布局背后促進(jìn)非必要消費(fèi)的特殊原因以及建議。由此推知，文章可能選自一本商業(yè)雜志。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。π(Pi)DayfallsonMarch14.Thisisthedaywhenmathematiciansandgeometry(幾何學(xué))loversaroundtheworldgettogetherandcelebratethemathematicalconstant(常數(shù))ofPi.___16___Firstly,thedatewhichcanberepresentednumericallyintheformat3.14representsthefirst3digitsofπ.Besides,oneofourgreatestphysicistsAlbertEinsteinwasbornonMarch14,1897.In2018,thefamousphysicistStephenHawkingpassedawayonPiDay.TheearliestknowncelebrationofPiDaywasorganizedbythephysicistLarryShawattheSanFranciscoExploratoriumin1988,featuringeatingdifferentkindsoffruitpies.___17___Themuseumstaffmarchedaroundacircularroom,sangsongs,andatepie.Newsstoriesaboutthecelebrationspreadtheideatoschools,museums,andmunities.In2009,USHouseofRepresentativesofficiallynamedthisspecialday—“PiDay”.ManypeoplecelebratePiDaywithfamilyandfriends.___18___Peoplemakepizzas(roundones,ofcourse)andbakecreampies.SomepeopleevenuseaspecialpiepanshapedliketheGreekletterπ.Theyarealsowillingtodrinkpineapplejuice.___19___Overthousandsofyears,peopletriedtounfoldthepuzzlebehindthismagicnumber.Beforetheappearanceofmodernputingtechnologies,mathematiciansallovertheworldhavemadetheireffortsoncalculatingtheapproximationofPi.___20___WhileIndianmathematicianAryabhataapproximatedPito√￣9.8624usingthecircumferenceofapolygon(多邊形)with384sides.On2019’sPiDay,GoogleannouncedthatthecalculationofPihasalreadyreached31.4trilliondecimal(小數(shù)的)places.A.Themostpopularwayisbyeatingpithemedfoods.B.March14seemstobetightlyconnectedwithScience.C.Itwasbecause“Pi”and“pie”soundedsameinEnglish.D.TheworldrecordformemorizingpiisheldbyChaoLufromChina.E.ChineseancientmathematicianZuChongzhiextendedPito7decimalplaces.F.Anothercelebrationistorecitethisamazingnumberwithcountlessdecimalplaces.G.Picanalsobeusedtocalculatethevolumeofsomethingshapedlikeaballoratube.【答案】16.B17.C18.A19.F20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了圓周率日的由來、慶祝方式以及人們?nèi)绾闻τ?jì)算π的值。【16題詳解】根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Firstly,thedatewhichcanberepresentednumericallyintheformat3.14representsthefirst3digitsofπ.Besides,oneofourgreatestphysicistsAlbertEinsteinwasbornonMarch14,1897.In2018,thefamousphysicistStephenHawkingpassedawayonPiDay.(首先，可以用3.14格式表示的日期代表π的前3位數(shù)字。此外，我們最偉大的物理學(xué)家之一阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦出生于1897年3月14日。2018年，著名物理學(xué)家斯蒂芬·霍金在圓周率日去世)”可知，下文講述的是3月14日和科學(xué)有聯(lián)系的一些例子。選項(xiàng)B“March14seemstobetightlyconnectedwithScience.(3月14日似乎與科學(xué)密切相關(guān)。)”與下文內(nèi)容一致，是下文內(nèi)容的概括。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“TheearliestknowncelebrationofPiDaywasorganizedbythephysicistLarryShawattheSanFranciscoExploratoriumin1988,featuringeatingdifferentkindsoffruitpies.(已知最早的圓周率日慶?；顒?dòng)是1988年由物理學(xué)家LarryShaw在舊金山探索館組織的，活動(dòng)內(nèi)容是吃不同種類的水果派)”可知，在最早的圓周率日慶?；顒?dòng)上，人們會(huì)吃各種水果派。選項(xiàng)C“Itwasbecause“Pi”and“pie”soundedsameinEnglish.(這是因?yàn)椤癙i”和“pie”在英語中發(fā)音相同。)”是上文內(nèi)容的自然延續(xù)，解釋了人們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)在圓周率日慶?；顒?dòng)上吃水果派。故選C。【18題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“ManypeoplecelebratePiDaywithfamilyandfriends.(許多人與家人和朋友一起慶祝圓周率日)”可知，人們會(huì)和家人朋友一起慶祝圓周率日。選項(xiàng)A“Themostpopularwayisbyeatingpithemedfoods.(最流行的方式是吃pi主題的食物。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指的是人們會(huì)通過吃pi主題的食物來慶祝圓周率日。同時(shí)自然引出下文內(nèi)容“Peoplemakepizzas(roundones,ofcourse)andbakecreampies.SomepeopleevenuseaspecialpiepanshapedliketheGreekletterπ.(人們做披薩(當(dāng)然是圓的)和烤奶油派。有些人甚至用希臘字母π形狀的特殊烤盤)”，指的都是人們會(huì)吃pi主題的食物。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Peoplemakepizzas(roundones,ofcourse)andbakecreampies.SomepeopleevenuseaspecialpiepanshapedliketheGreekletterπ.Theyarealsowillingtodrinkpineapplejuice.(人們做披薩(當(dāng)然是圓的)和烤奶油派。有些人甚至用希臘字母π形狀的特殊烤盤。他們也愿意喝菠蘿汁)”可知，上文提到的是人們會(huì)吃pi主題的食物來慶祝圓周率日的方式。選項(xiàng)F“Anothercelebrationistorecitethisamazingnumberwithcountlessdecimalplaces.(另一個(gè)慶?；顒?dòng)是背誦這個(gè)有無數(shù)小數(shù)點(diǎn)的驚人數(shù)字。)”提出了另一種慶祝圓周率日的方式。從而與本段段首句“ManypeoplecelebratePiDaywithfamilyandfriends.(許多人與家人和朋友一起慶祝圓周率日)”形成一致。故選F?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Beforetheappearanceofmodernputingtechnologies,mathematiciansallovertheworldhavemadetheireffortsoncalculatingtheapproximationofPi.(在現(xiàn)代計(jì)算技術(shù)出現(xiàn)之前，世界各地的數(shù)學(xué)家都在努力計(jì)算圓周率的近似值)”可知，在現(xiàn)代計(jì)算技術(shù)出現(xiàn)之前，世界各地的數(shù)學(xué)家都在努力計(jì)算圓周率的近似值。選項(xiàng)E“ChineseancientmathematicianZuChongzhiextendedPito7decimalplaces.(中國古代數(shù)學(xué)家祖沖之將圓周率擴(kuò)展到小數(shù)點(diǎn)后7位。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指出中國古代數(shù)學(xué)家祖沖之將圓周率擴(kuò)展到小數(shù)點(diǎn)后7位。故選E。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。DouglasSmithisapetitiveguy.Sowhenheturnedhisattentiontothevegetablegardenbehindhishome,hewasdevotedtoitsomuch,infact,thathiscasualhobbygrewto___21___.TheBritishgardenerhas___22___anearly7poundtomato,a624poundpumpkinanda20foottallsunflower.Recently,though,hehaschangedhisfocusfromsizeto___23___.Twiceinarow,SmithbroketheGuinnessWorldRecordforthemostcherrytomatoesgrownonasinglestem.___24___,hebrokethepreviousrecordof488cherrytomatoes—whichhadbeen___25___formorethan10years—afterhegrew839cherrytomatoesononesteminSeptember,2021.Then,in2022,GuinnessWorldRecords___26___thatSmithhadactuallybeatenhisownworldrecord,growing1,269cherrytomatoesonasinglestem.Growinghugevegetablespresenteda(n)___27___opportunityto“pushyourgardeningknowledgetodosomethingdifferent,”Smithsaid.“Ifyou’retryingtogrowforapetition,youlearnalotmoreabout___28___togrowthembestthroughanexerciselikethis.”___29___theprospectofearningprizesandpraise,whatinspiredSmithmost,hesaid,wasthelearningprocessandthestrongsenseof____30____amongfellowgrowers.Althoughit’spetitiveinnature,themunitycooperate.“petitivevegetablegrowingisactuallyknowledgesharing,”Smithsaid.ForSmith,theprocessofgrowingsupersize____31____isscientific.To____32____hischerrytomatogrowingoperation,hespentcountlesshoursreading