中考語法復(fù)習(xí)定語從句

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載中考英語復(fù)習(xí)—定語從句，祈使句，感嘆句用法★中考定語從句復(fù)習(xí)一）、知識回顧課前熱身下列句子帶有賓語從句還是定語從句Ididn’tunderstandthewordsthathesaid（）Idindn’tunderstandwhathesaid（）Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.（）Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?（）★由以上題，你是怎么區(qū)別定語從句和狀語從句的？二）知識概述學(xué)好定語從句要牢記理解它的幾個要素：1）在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。2）定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。3）定語從句放在先行詞后面，定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。4）引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(賓格who,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where,when、why）5）關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語從句中從當(dāng)一個句子成分（主語，賓語表語定語狀語）課堂練習(xí)1指出下列復(fù)合句子中的先行詞，關(guān)系詞，定語從句。1．Allmyclassmatesenjoyedthecakethat/whichImade.2．ShewastheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishLiterature.3．Thegirlwho/whom/thatyouhavejustseenisverygoodatEnglish.4．IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiana.5．It'saplacethat/whichhasbigdesksbutnonewspapersormagazines.[自我總結(jié)]1.關(guān)系代詞that或which指代，在從句中作made的賓語。2．關(guān)系代詞who指代theteacher，在從句中作。3．that，who，whom指人——thegirl，whom是形式，在從句中作see的賓語。4．關(guān)系代詞whose指代thegirl's，作，修飾name。5．關(guān)系代詞that或which指代place，在從句中作。三）要點精講精練Ⅰ、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，（指代先行詞），在從句中做主語TheboysareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanlosthisway.2.whom指人，（指代先行詞）在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，常可省略。Mr.Liuisthepersonyoutalkedabout.*關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。Themanyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，（指代先行詞）在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略Footballisagameislikedbymostboys.(在句子中做主語)Thisisthepenheboughtyesterday.(在句子中做賓語)4.that指人時，（指代先行詞）相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。Thepeoplecometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主語)WhereisthemanIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語)5.whose通常指人，（指代先行詞的….）也可指物，在定語從句中做定語Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.*whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookisyellow?※特別提示：(1)不用that的情況(a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。(錯)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.(b)介詞后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwegetourfood.Wedependontheland/wegetourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況(a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。(b)在不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。(c)先行詞有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修飾時，只用that。(d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that,不能用which。.(e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。(f)先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時．(g)為了避免重復(fù)．(h)先行詞是theway或thereason時，that可作關(guān)系副詞，也可省略(i)主句的主語是疑問詞who/which時【針對練習(xí)】:請指出下列that的使用符合上述哪一條原因？Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰．Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油問題。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。Ⅱ、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語，關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配來決定選用哪一個介詞)when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配來決定選用哪一個介詞)1.where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語，指代表示地點的先行詞(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.（where=inthecity=inwhich）(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown. 2.when指時間。在定語從句中做時間狀語指代表示時間的先行詞(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.[注]表示時間“time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)。BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然記得我第一次見到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。3.why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語指代先行詞reason(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：1）介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when,where和why互換。針對練習(xí)：1.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.=2.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?=3.Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.=課堂練習(xí)21.Didyoufindthenotebook______Jimhadgivenmeformybirthday?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose2.That’sall______Ihaveseenandheard.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what3.Haveyouseentheman______planweweretalkingabout______yesterday?A.who,themB.its,themC.whose,/D.whose,them4.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes______offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen5.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.thatB.asC.whoD.which6.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who'sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich7._________cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst.A.AnyoneB.thosewhooC.HoweverD.Theonewho8.Thepolicecaughttheman_______stolemyhandbag.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which9.Thegirl________isreadingunderthetree________mysister.A.which,isB.whom,wasC.who,isD.who,was10.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which11、Heisafriend______canhelpyouintimeofneed.A.whoheB.whoseC./D.who12、Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.A.which,thatB.that,whichC.which,whichD.that,that13、Thisistheonlyoneofthesebooksthat______worthreading.A．hasB.haveC.isD.are14、Theman______talkedtoyoujustnowismyfather.A.whoB.heC.whichD.whose15、Theythoughttoomuchabout______.A.whichIhadsaidB.whatIhadsaidC.thatIhadsaidD.Ihadsaid四：課后作業(yè)：一、單項選擇。1.---DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup________nextweek?---NextFriday.Whenit________,Iwillringyou.A.begins,beginsB.begins,willbeginC.willbegin,willbeginD.willbegin,begins2.---Todayortomorrow?---Whatareyoutalkingabout?---Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what3.Iwonder_________.A.wheredoesheliveB.whereheliveC.heliveswhereD.wherehelives4.---Areyousureyouhaveto?It'sbeenverylate.---Idon'tknow_____Icandoitifnotnow.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.how5.---Wouldyoupleasetellme_________?---InasmallvillagenearNingbo.A.wherewasyourmotherbornB.whereyourmotherwasbornC.whenwasyourmotherbornD.whenyourmotherwasborn6.Thephotographwillshowyou________.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike7.---Canyouguessifthey_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkthey'llcomeifthey_________free.A.willcome,willbeB.willcome,areC.come,areD.come,willbe8.---Wheredoeshecomefrom?---Pardon?---Iaskedwhere_________.A.didhecomefromB.hecamefromC.hecomesfromD.doeshecomefrom9.Shewondered__________.A.howmuchhecostthecomputerB.howmuchhepaidforthecomputerC.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthimD.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer10.---Doyouknow________?---I'mnotsure.Maybeheisabusinessman.A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo★感嘆句點撥感嘆句一般是用來表示說話時的喜悅、驚訝等情感。英語感嘆句常用"what"和"how"引導(dǎo)，"what"和"how"與所修飾的詞置于句首，其它部分用陳述句語序。一、由"what"引導(dǎo)的感嘆句："what"意為"多么"用作定語，修飾名詞（被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分），單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要加不定冠詞a/an,復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語(前面那個名詞對應(yīng)的代詞)+謂語（be）.如：①Whataclevergirlsheis!多么聰明的姑娘呀?、赪hatitis!多么有趣的故事呀?、踂hattheyare!他們是多么好的孩子呀?、躓hatbeautifulflowers!多么漂亮的花呀?、軼hatdeliciousfood!多么有味的食物呀?、?多么大的雪呀！二、由"how"引導(dǎo)的感嘆句："how"意為"多么"，用作狀語，修飾形容詞或副詞（被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分）。如果修飾形容詞，則句中的謂語動詞用系動詞；如果how修飾副詞，則句中的謂語動詞用行為動詞，這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是：How+adj.（adv.）+主語+謂語+(itis).如：①Howcolditistoday!今天多么冷呀！②How!多么漂亮的圖畫呀！③Howthey!他們顯得多么高興呀?、蹾owshe!她唱得多好呀?、軭owhardtheyareworkingnow!他們干得多么起勁呀！三、在表示同一意義時，英語感嘆既可用"what"引導(dǎo)，也可用"how"引導(dǎo)。如：①多么熱的天氣呀！Whatahotdayitis!Howthedayis!②多么高的樓房呀！Whattallbuildingstheyare!How!③多么糟糕的天氣呀！Whatitis!How!！④多么明亮的陽光呀！Whatitis!Howbrightthesunshineis!四、感嘆句在表示激動強(qiáng)烈的感情時，口語中常常采用省略句，其后面的主語和謂語往往略去不講。如：①Whatafineday!多么晴朗的天呀！②Whatanhonestboy!多么誠實的孩子呀?、踂hatredapples!多么紅的蘋果呀?、蹾owcool!好涼快呀！⑤Howwonderful!精彩極了！作業(yè)：中考真題1)--________beautifuldayitis!Let'sgoandhaveapicnicinthepark.--Goodidea!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata2)-Katehaswonthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.--______pleasantsurprisethisgaveherclassmates!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa3)_______greatmanHuangFurongis!HelosthislifewhilesavingthestudentsintheYushuearthquake.A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata4)_______excitingsportitistoclimbthemountains!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan5)--__________beautifulcity!--Yes.Lotsoftouristscometovisititeveryyear.A.HowB.WhatC.HowaD.Whata6)____goodjobshedoes!Sheisreallyaclevergirl.A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa7)--________interestingtalkMr.Blackgaveus!--Yes.Wealllikeitverymuch.A.HowB.WhataC.