備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語二輪專題復習愛尚閱讀技巧篇專題18詞義猜測題解答技巧含解析

專題18詞義揣測題解答技巧詞義揣測是英語應用實力運用的重要體現(xiàn)，也是高考必考的題型。它不但須要精確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，駕馭或相識較多的課外詞匯?？忌鷳獙W會通過構(gòu)詞、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、同義、反義及上下文線索等確定詞義。【命題趨勢】1.要求依據(jù)閱讀材料所供應的信息，結(jié)合中學生應有的常識和閱歷，正確推斷生詞詞組的含義或成熟詞 在特定語境中表達的詳細含義以及一些句子的意思。2.要求揣測詞義的詞一般為實詞及其詞組，通過構(gòu)詞、定義、對比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索確定詞 義的詳細內(nèi)容。3.代詞復指理解題也是揣測詞義的?？碱愋汀Ｓ茫⑦壿嬯P(guān)系梳理法＂、＂遞向?qū)ほ櫡ǎ⒗砬迦宋锛笆挛?之間的邏輯關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵所在?！驹O問形式】1.Theunderlinedword＂…＂inthesecond(third…)paragraphrefersto(means)______.2.Bysayingthat＂…＂inthefirst(second…)paragraph,theauthormeansthat______.3.Inparagraph…,＂…＂canbereplacedby＂______＂.4.Themeaningof＂…＂inparagraph…isrelatedto______.5.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto…(paragraph…)?6.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe…paragraphprobablymeansthat_____.對此類試題，考生應當進行大膽揣測，但這種揣測不是胡亂的，盲目的，而是有確定的方法和技巧。下面介紹幾種常見的揣測詞義的方法供同學們加以運用。1.相像法利用同義詞、近義詞（詞組）或相像的結(jié)構(gòu)揣測詞義。在生詞所出現(xiàn)的上下文中，有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，這時可從熟識的詞語中推知生詞的含義。統(tǒng)稱在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，這些詞語或短語在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此確定同等關(guān)系中的某個生詞所屬的義域，甚至推出它的大致詞義。（2024·全國卷III）When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(動作捕獲)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.5.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A.Toseefamousfilmstars.B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.6.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes.”B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.”D.Theperformanceofrealapes.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.8.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated.B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.TheycouldbetradedillegallyD.Theywouldlosepopularity.【答案】5.D6.B7.D8.A【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了電影“猩球崛起”上個月首次與公眾見面。動物愛好者聚集在好萊塢前，感謝電影制作者，在電影拍攝時，沒有運用真的類人猿?，F(xiàn)在的動物拍攝運用的是數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)建技術(shù)，而一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐地動物的現(xiàn)象，這讓一個非盈利的組織親密關(guān)注此事。但有些拍攝也是不能夠被監(jiān)測到的。5.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活動人士來到現(xiàn)場，手里拿著一塊牌子，贊揚電影制作人:“感謝你們不用真正的猿猴。所以動物愛護者聚集在好萊塢大道是為了向電影制作者表示感謝。故選D項。6.主旨大意題。依據(jù)其次段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(動作捕獲)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).”可知，“人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團隊利用動作捕獲技術(shù)創(chuàng)建數(shù)字化的動物，在記錄演員表演的技術(shù)上，花費數(shù)千萬美元，然后用電腦圖形處理，以產(chǎn)生最終的影像。由此可知，其次段主要是關(guān)于數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)建。故選B項。7.詞句揣測題。依據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一個非營利組織，監(jiān)控動物在電影消遣中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（很多電影,包括“大象的眼淚”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理員”,引起了動物愛護人士的生氣，他們說影片中的動物沒有遭到很好的對待。）由此可知，其中一家監(jiān)控動物待遇的非營利組織，今年正親密關(guān)注著2000多部影片。由此推斷出，劃線詞的意思是“親密關(guān)注”。故選D項。8.推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.”（在某些狀況下，讓活動人士擔憂的并不是電影棚里對動物的待遇;讓人擔憂的是訓練和生活條件。還有一些關(guān)于在美國以外拍攝的電影的問題，這些電影有時不像在美國拍攝的電影那樣受到嚴密的監(jiān)控。）可知，在某些狀況下，讓活動人士擔憂的并不是工作室里動物的待遇;令人擔憂的是訓練和生活條件。由此推斷出動物演員可能受到虐待。故選A項。2.對比法利用文中的反義詞以及表對比關(guān)系的詞（組）揣測詞義。對比是描述，說明事物的常用方式。在對比中，對比的事物是互為相反的，因此依據(jù)反義或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系可從已知推出未知。利用反義詞來說明生詞的意義，如反義詞hotandcold,perfectandimperfect，甚至前、后句為確定與否定或是與不是等，在句內(nèi)詞與詞之間，在段內(nèi)句與句之間的關(guān)系上起著互為線索的作用。表示對比的信號詞有yet,but,while,though,however,otherwise,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand,foronething...foranotherthing,insteadof等。（2024·全國卷I）AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?13.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Foodsafety. B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand. D.Eatingbehavior.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.15.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.16.Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Howhungryweare. B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveothers. D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.【答案】13.D14.D15.A16.C【分析】本文是說明文。最近的探討表明：我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費習慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量。文章詳述了這個試驗的過程。13.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake”可知，依據(jù)消費者探討雜志最近的一項探討，我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費習慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量。因此這項探討是關(guān)于飲食行為的。故選D。14.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)前半句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，現(xiàn)有的探討認為：你應當避開和體重較重、點大份飯菜的人一起吃飯。后半句認為，你真正應當避開的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推斷出，畫線詞和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，結(jié)合選項，D選項（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故選D。15.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments”可知，為了測試社會影響對飲食習慣的影響，探討人員進行了兩個試驗。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，在兩個試驗中，胖的和瘦的演員都吃了大量的食物。參與者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，當演員是瘦的時候，參與者們服用的食物更多。由此推斷，探討人員雇用演員是為了看看她如何影響參與者。故選A。16.推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?”可知，假如一個超重的人吃很大一份，我會忍住一點，因為我看到了他飲食習慣的結(jié)果。但假如一個瘦的人吃很多，我會跟著做。假如他吃得多保持苗條，為什么我不能呢？因此推斷我們是依據(jù)我們對他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）來調(diào)整影響的。故選C。3.釋義法有些文章，特殊是科技文章，通常會對一些關(guān)鍵詞賜予定義，我們可以利用定義來揣測這些詞的意思。釋義法就是依據(jù)文章中的字里行間，對生詞以定語（從句）、表語甚至用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以說明說明的方式。常見的詞有：mean,thatis,inotherwords,forexample,forinstance,suchas...（2024·全國卷II）Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避風港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盜版行為)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.9.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.11.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs. B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries. D.Purchasehernovels.12.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【答案】9.C10.B11.C12.D【分析】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講解并描述了作者是一個熱忱的讀者，孩提時熱衷讀書，第一份工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習慣代代傳承下去。作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣揚圖書館。9.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(我始終是一個熱忱的讀者，孩提時，有時候每天讀多達三本書。故事對我來說就像空氣，而其他孩子則打球或參與聚會。我通過從圖書館借閱來的書籍經(jīng)驗冒險)可推斷，作者小時候與書是密不行分的。故選C。10.詞句揣測題。依據(jù)上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我長大了成了一位母親，結(jié)合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有幾個孩子，書是我們消遣的主要來源。對于我們來說，坐上車去當?shù)氐膱D書館是件大事，在那里我的孩子們可以選擇要閱讀的書或者想讓我給他們讀的書)可推斷，作者成了母親以后，帶著孩子去圖書館，孩子選擇書籍來閱讀，或者作者讀給他們聽，因此可知圖書館在作者的生活中又增加了新的意義，閱讀的樂趣在家庭中代代相傳”。故選B。11.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段的Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.(我認為全部的作家都應當在他們可以的時候以有意義的方式支持圖書館。激勵讀者運用圖書館。在社交媒體上共享圖書館公告?？梢缘臅r候常去圖書館，談論圖書館)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家們支持圖書館。故選C。12.主旨大意題。縱觀全文可知，文章講解并描述了作者是一名熱忱地讀者，孩提時喜愛閱讀，工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習慣代代傳承下去，作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣揚圖書館。因此推斷全文圍繞“作者對圖書館的愛”綻開講解并描述。故D項“我對圖書館的愛”為最佳標題。故選D。4.語境推斷法任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是確定孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文供應的情景和線索，進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進而推想詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關(guān)鍵，這也是近年來高考考查的熱點。1.依據(jù)對比關(guān)系揣測詞義在一個句子或段落中，有對兩個事物或現(xiàn)象進行對比性的描述，我們可以依據(jù)生詞的反義詞揣測其詞義。表示對比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語主要有：unlike,not,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast等。表示對比關(guān)系的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：while引導的并列句。例如：Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂hassle＂(paragraph1)probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests依據(jù)對比關(guān)系，這里hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意義，很簡潔推斷理解題的答案為C。2.依據(jù)比較關(guān)系揣測詞義同對比關(guān)系相反，比較關(guān)系表示意義上的相像關(guān)系。表示比較關(guān)系的詞和短語主要有：similarly,like,justas,also,aswellas等。例如：Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.該句中副詞similarly表明短語lovestotalk和loquacious之間的比較關(guān)系，其意義相近。由此我們可推斷出loquacious的意思是＂健談的＂。3.依據(jù)因果關(guān)系揣測詞義在句子或段落中，若兩個事物現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以依據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推想生詞詞義。例如：Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.Theword＂presumptuous＂inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto＂__________＂.A.fullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquiet依據(jù)since引導的緣由狀語從句的內(nèi)容（＂既然你是我的上司＂），我們可以推斷這里presumptuous的意思是：＂冒失的，放縱的＂意思，后半句的意思是：我告知你怎么做會是一種放縱/冒失的行為。對應的理解題答案為：B。Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots,oryoungleaves.依據(jù)緣由狀語從句的內(nèi)容，我們可以推斷Pruning的意思是：＂修剪（樹枝等）＂的意思。4.依據(jù)同義、近義、并列、替代、說明等關(guān)系揣測詞義在句子或段落中，我們可以利用熟識的詞語，依據(jù)語言環(huán)境所表示的關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義。例如：WilliamShakespearesaid.＂Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（紗線），goodandilltogether.＂Theunderlinedword＂mingled＂inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy句中g(shù)oodandilltogether更詳細地說明白amingledyarn的意義，據(jù)此我們不難推想mingled的意思是：＂混合的，交織的＂，答案是：B。Isitpossibletobeathighbloodpressurewithoutdrugs?Theansweris＂yes＂,accordingtotheresearchersatJohnsHopkinsandthreeothermedicalcenters.依據(jù)andthreeothermedicalcenters這種并列關(guān)系，我們很簡潔推斷出：JohnsHopkins是一家醫(yī)療中心。（2024·全國卷I）Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.1.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?A.Hisfriends'invitation. B.Hisinterestinthecountry.C.Hisloveforteaching. D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook. B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter. D.Torecommendatraveldestination.【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.A【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講解并描述了Bissell寫的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》這本書。這本書是Bissell在烏茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫的，是對烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個快速視察。1.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry.hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea”可知，幾年后，Bissell仍舊被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消逝的文章。因此推斷出對這個國家的愛好讓Bissell先生再次返回烏茲別克斯坦。故選B。2.詞句揣測題。劃線句是其次段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消逝的文章這件事，依據(jù)第一段最終一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(幾年后，仍舊被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消逝的文章)”可知，that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于死海消逝的文章這件事，故選D。3.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段”ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”可知，在烏茲別克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既體會到了友善和暖和，也看到了社會的黑暗面。在撒馬爾罕，MrBissell觀賞到了的建筑奇觀。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因為被懷疑進行毒品交易，他嘗到了警察的伎倆。在費爾干納，他參與了一個山區(qū)葬禮，然后參與了一個驚奇的酒會。在卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦，他為沙塵暴、疾病和被困在數(shù)英里外的漁船而難受。由此可知，在旅途中，他經(jīng)驗了很多事情。結(jié)合選項，B選項(充溢事務的，多事的)可以表達此意。故選B。4.推理推斷題。文章第一段提到書的作者的烏茲別克斯坦之行，引出他寫的書，接下來三段講解并描述了他的書《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》的故事內(nèi)容，是烏茲別克斯坦生活的一個快速視察。因此推斷本文的寫作目的是介紹一本書。故選A。5.構(gòu)詞推斷法閱讀中常常會遇到一些由熟識的單詞派生或合成的新詞。駕馭構(gòu)詞法對揣測詞義很有幫助。如：unforeseeable.這個詞，可以依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是詞根，fore是“先，前，預”的含義，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能預見到的”意思。1.依據(jù)前綴揣測詞義例如：Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?依據(jù)詞根educational（教化的），結(jié)合前綴co-（共同，一起），我們便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：＂男女同校教化的＂意思。2.依據(jù)后綴揣測詞義例如：It'saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlooking(俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland'smostsoutherlypoint.后綴-ise/ize意思是＂使成為…；使…化＂，結(jié)合詞根commercial（商業(yè)的），不難猜出uncommercialized的意思是：＂未被商業(yè)化的＂。3.依據(jù)復合詞的各部分揣測詞義例如：Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（別扭的）handpositions.Well-designed或許是個生詞，但我們分析該詞的結(jié)構(gòu)后，就能推想出其含義。它由well（好，優(yōu)秀）和design（設計）兩部分組成，合在一起便是＂設計精致的＂意思。Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremass-producedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis,mostpeoplethatcraft(手藝)nolongerexists.依據(jù)合成詞中的mass（大量的）和produce（生產(chǎn)），我們可以推想mass-produce的意思是：＂大批量生產(chǎn)；規(guī)模生產(chǎn)＂的意思?！瑽akerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”…70.Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.value B.resultC.performance D.connection【答案】B【解析】運用“構(gòu)詞法”進行揣測。動詞詞組comeout的意義為“露出、出現(xiàn)、顯露出”。再依據(jù)句子的語境，可揣測出其意義是：(試驗的)結(jié)果。I.閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。1Theystartedtheschoolyearasstrangersandtheyareendingtheyearasfamily.IstartedthisschoolyearlikearegularschoolyearandDamienlikearegularstudent,FinnLanningsaid."Oneday,heshowedupandjustsaidhewasn'tgoingtobebackanymore.AndwhenIquestionedhimaboutthat,hetoldmethathewasgoingbacktoliveinthehospitalforhisillness."DamienhasakidneydisordercalledFSGS,whichrequirestreatmentfor12hourseachday.Heisingreatneedofanewkidney.AccordingtoLanning,the13-year-oldwasn'tsuitableforatransplantbecauseheishomeless."Whenyou'relivinginthehospital,you’renotabletobeonthetransplantlistbecausefolkswhodon'thavestablehousingareconsideredhighriskforthem,“Lanningsaid.Damienendedupinthefostercaresystemduetohismedicalneeds.Whenasuitablehomecouldn'tbefound,hewasforcedtoliveinthehospital.Duringthattime,hecouldn'tleavetoattendschool.“AsIlearnedmoreabouthisstoryandwhathewasfacingandwhathisneedswere,itjustbecamereallyhardformetolooktheotherway；"Lanningsaid.Lanningdecidedtostepin,anddespitenothavinganychildrenofhisown,heofferedtotakeDamienin."It'sgoinggood,“saidDamien.Hehasalsobeenmovedtothetopofthewaitinglistforanewkidney.Heishopinghecanhavethetransplantwithinthenexttwoweeks.Inadditiontoasecondchanceatlife,heisalsogettingasecondchanceathavingafamily.1.WhydidDamienasktoleavetheschool?A.Hehadtoreceivetreatment. B.Hewasn'tfondofsomanystrangers.C.Heneededawarmandrichfamily. D.Hewasboredofteachers'questions.2.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatisnecessaryforthepatients'transplant?A.Keepingahealthydiet B.HavingasuitablehomeC.Takingspecialmedicines D.Livinginthehospitalfordays3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“l(fā)ooktheotherway"inparagraph4probablymean?A.payattention B.lookaround C.standby D.takepart4.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FindingaHouseforaSickStudent.B.GettingaTreatmentfromaGoodTeacher.C.StudentleavingtheSchoolforaTransplant.D.TeacherHelpingStudentbyOfferingHimaHome.【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.D【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述一個老師對一位身患重病的學生的幫助。正是在老師的幫助，讓患病的學生度過了難關(guān)。1.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段“Oneday,heshowedupandjustsaidhewasn'tgoingtobebackanymore.AndwhenIquestionedhimaboutthat,hetoldmethathewasgoingbacktoliveinthehospitalforhisillness.”（有一天，他出現(xiàn)了，只是說他不會再回來了。當我問他這件事的時候，他告知我他要去住院。）可知，Damien離開學校是因為他要去醫(yī)院治病。故選A項。2.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段“AccordingtoLanning,the13-year-oldwasn'tsuitableforatransplantbecauseheishomeless."Whenyou'relivinginthehospital,you’renotabletobeonthetransplantlistbecausefolkswhodon'thavestablehousingareconsideredhighriskforthem,“Lanningsaid.”（據(jù)蘭寧說，13歲的他不適合做移植手術(shù)，因為他無家可歸。當你住在醫(yī)院里，你就不能被列入移植名單，因為那些沒有穩(wěn)定居處的人被認為是高危人群。）可知，擁有穩(wěn)定的居處對移植的病人來說是有必要的。故選B項3.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)其次段“Lanningdecidedtostepin,anddespitenothavinganychildrenofhisown,heofferedtotakeDamienin.”（Lanning確定介入，盡管他自己沒有孩子，他還是收留了達Damien。）可知，Lanning決心要幫助Damien。因此可以推斷前句中的looktheotherway應表示“支持”之意。故選C項。4.主旨大意題。文章講解并描述一個患有腎病的學生因為沒有穩(wěn)定的居處而不能被列入移植名單。在他的老師知道了這件事后，他確定不袖手旁觀。決心要收留Damien，讓他被移到了等待移植腎名單的首位。并且有望在將來兩周內(nèi)完成移植手術(shù)。因此D項“老師給學生供應一個家來幫助他”為短文最佳標題。故選D項。2Howdoyouusuallyspendyoursparetime?Manypeoplechoosetobecouchpotatoes,butnotLuoHan,a9-year-oldfromChangsha,Hunan.LuoHancompletesatleasttwohoursofoutdooractivitieseverydayandhasraisedawaveofdiscussiononline.Althoughheisinprimaryschool,hehasalreadymasteredsportslikekayakingandpaddling.HisaptitudeforoutdoorsportsisfromhisfatherLuoGe,whoactivelyencourageshimtoenjoynature,ratherthanfocusingonlyonhislearning.AfternoticingthatLuoHandidnotgooutforenoughexerciseafterschool,hisfathertookhimtodooutdooractivitieseveryday.Manyapplaudedthem.“Exercisecaneasebrainfogandimprovememory.Manystudentsfeelstressedaboutschoolwork,sooutdooractivitiescanhelpuskeepourmoodsupliftedandimproveourlearningefficiency.”saidLiuYu,18,auniversityfreshman.WangTao,aparentofa16-year-old,showedhersupportforthefather.“It’smorethanawaytorelax.It’satrainingofwillpower,”shesaid.HersonHeXin,fromHefeiThomasSchool,Anhui,isafanofoutdoorsports.Althoughfacingincreasingpressureinhisstudies,hehasjoinedtheschool’sathleticprograms.However,somehavealsoexpressedtheirconcerns.“Twohoursisn’ttoomuchfora9-year-old,butitmightbedifficultforhighschoolstudentstoguaranteethisblockoftimewhenschoolbecomesmoredemanding,”saidHuangXi,16,fromLiyangHighSchoolofJiangsuprovince.Ms.Zhu,whohasadaughterinmiddleschool,alsoagreedthattwohoursistoomuchforthemajorityofparents,especiallyonweekdays.“WhenIamoffduty,Ineedtodohousework.Aftermydaughterfinishesherhomework,shepreferstowatchTV.Neitherofuswouldthinkofgoingoutsideforexercise,”Zhusaid.Otherparentsareconcernedaboutthesafetyofoutdooractivities.ZhangZhijinhasasoninhighschool.“Sometimes,teenagerscandocrazyandriskythings.Weworryaboutaccidents,”Zhangsaid.5.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.LiuYuthinksoutdooractivitiescanimproveourlearning.B.Outdoorplayingisonlygoodtorelaxation.C.LuoHan’sfatherthinkslearningismoreimportantthanexercising.D.LuoHan’sfatherthinksexerciseoncampusisenoughforhim.6.Whatdoestheauthormeanbytheunderlinedword“stressed”inParagraph3?A.annoyed B.excited C.anxious D.frightened7.WhichofthefollowingmayagreewithMsZhu?A.HuangXi B.LiuYu C.WangTao D.LuoHan8.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Pleasegooutforexercise B.DailyoutdoorplayandworkingC.People’sconcerns D.Parent’sviewsonafter-classwork【答案】5.A6.C7.A8.B【分析】這是一篇爭論文。文章主要就學生該不該保證日常戶外活動時間引發(fā)的探討而綻開，介紹了不同的人對此的看法。有人認為戶外活動可以緩解驚慌心情，放松學生的身心，而有些人則認為中學生無法保證有足夠的戶外時間，家長則擔憂對戶外活動平安性。5.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中“‘Manystudentsfeelstressedaboutschoolwork,sooutdooractivitiescanhelpuskeepourmoodsupliftedandimproveourlearningefficiency.'saidLiuYu,18,auniversityfreshman(18歲的大一新生劉宇說：‘很多學生對學校的學業(yè)感到有壓力，所以戶外活動可以幫助我們保持我們的心情高漲，提高我們的學習效率’)”可知，A選項“劉宇認為戶外活動可以提高我們的學習”正確。故選A。6.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞后文“sooutdooractivitiescanhelpuskeepourmoodsupliftedandimproveourlear