備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習愛尚閱讀技巧篇專題18詞義猜測題解答技巧含解析

專題18詞義揣測題解答技巧詞義揣測是英語應(yīng)用實力運用的重要體現(xiàn)，也是高考必考的題型。它不但須要精確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，駕馭或相識較多的課外詞匯?？忌鷳?yīng)學會通過構(gòu)詞、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、同義、反義及上下文線索等確定詞義?！久}趨勢】1.要求依據(jù)閱讀材料所供應(yīng)的信息，結(jié)合中學生應(yīng)有的常識和閱歷，正確推斷生詞詞組的含義或成熟詞 在特定語境中表達的詳細含義以及一些句子的意思。2.要求揣測詞義的詞一般為實詞及其詞組，通過構(gòu)詞、定義、對比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索確定詞 義的詳細內(nèi)容。3.代詞復(fù)指理解題也是揣測詞義的?？碱愋?。用＂邏輯關(guān)系梳理法＂、＂遞向?qū)ほ櫡ǎ⒗砬迦宋锛笆挛?之間的邏輯關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵所在?！驹O(shè)問形式】1.Theunderlinedword＂…＂inthesecond(third…)paragraphrefersto(means)______.2.Bysayingthat＂…＂inthefirst(second…)paragraph,theauthormeansthat______.3.Inparagraph…,＂…＂canbereplacedby＂______＂.4.Themeaningof＂…＂inparagraph…isrelatedto______.5.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto…(paragraph…)?6.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe…paragraphprobablymeansthat_____.對此類試題，考生應(yīng)當進行大膽揣測，但這種揣測不是胡亂的，盲目的，而是有確定的方法和技巧。下面介紹幾種常見的揣測詞義的方法供同學們加以運用。1.相像法利用同義詞、近義詞（詞組）或相像的結(jié)構(gòu)揣測詞義。在生詞所出現(xiàn)的上下文中，有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，這時可從熟識的詞語中推知生詞的含義。統(tǒng)稱在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，這些詞語或短語在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此確定同等關(guān)系中的某個生詞所屬的義域，甚至推出它的大致詞義。（2024·全國卷III）When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(動作捕獲)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.5.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A.Toseefamousfilmstars.B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.6.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes.”B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.”D.Theperformanceofrealapes.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.8.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated.B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.TheycouldbetradedillegallyD.Theywouldlosepopularity.【答案】5.D6.B7.D8.A【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了電影“猩球崛起”上個月首次與公眾見面。動物愛好者聚集在好萊塢前，感謝電影制作者，在電影拍攝時，沒有運用真的類人猿?，F(xiàn)在的動物拍攝運用的是數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)建技術(shù)，而一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐地動物的現(xiàn)象，這讓一個非盈利的組織親密關(guān)注此事。但有些拍攝也是不能夠被監(jiān)測到的。5.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活動人士來到現(xiàn)場，手里拿著一塊牌子，贊揚電影制作人:“感謝你們不用真正的猿猴。所以動物愛護者聚集在好萊塢大道是為了向電影制作者表示感謝。故選D項。6.主旨大意題。依據(jù)其次段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(動作捕獲)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).”可知，“人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團隊利用動作捕獲技術(shù)創(chuàng)建數(shù)字化的動物，在記錄演員表演的技術(shù)上，花費數(shù)千萬美元，然后用電腦圖形處理，以產(chǎn)生最終的影像。由此可知，其次段主要是關(guān)于數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)建。故選B項。7.詞句揣測題。依據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一個非營利組織，監(jiān)控動物在電影消遣中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（很多電影,包括“大象的眼淚”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理員”,引起了動物愛護人士的生氣，他們說影片中的動物沒有遭到很好的對待。）由此可知，其中一家監(jiān)控動物待遇的非營利組織，今年正親密關(guān)注著2000多部影片。由此推斷出，劃線詞的意思是“親密關(guān)注”。故選D項。8.推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.”（在某些狀況下，讓活動人士擔憂的并不是電影棚里對動物的待遇;讓人擔憂的是訓練和生活條件。還有一些關(guān)于在美國以外拍攝的電影的問題，這些電影有時不像在美國拍攝的電影那樣受到嚴密的監(jiān)控。）可知，在某些狀況下，讓活動人士擔憂的并不是工作室里動物的待遇;令人擔憂的是訓練和生活條件。由此推斷出動物演員可能受到虐待。故選A項。2.對比法利用文中的反義詞以及表對比關(guān)系的詞（組）揣測詞義。對比是描述，說明事物的常用方式。在對比中，對比的事物是互為相反的，因此依據(jù)反義或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系可從已知推出未知。利用反義詞來說明生詞的意義，如反義詞hotandcold,perfectandimperfect，甚至前、后句為確定與否定或是與不是等，在句內(nèi)詞與詞之間，在段內(nèi)句與句之間的關(guān)系上起著互為線索的作用。表示對比的信號詞有yet,but,while,though,however,otherwise,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand,foronething...foranotherthing,insteadof等。（2024·全國卷I）AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?13.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Foodsafety. B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand. D.Eatingbehavior.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.15.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.16.Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Howhungryweare. B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveothers. D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.【答案】13.D14.D15.A16.C【分析】本文是說明文。最近的探討表明：我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費習慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量。文章詳述了這個試驗的過程。13.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake”可知，依據(jù)消費者探討雜志最近的一項探討，我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費習慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量。因此這項探討是關(guān)于飲食行為的。故選D。14.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)前半句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，現(xiàn)有的探討認為：你應(yīng)當避開和體重較重、點大份飯菜的人一起吃飯。后半句認為，你真正應(yīng)當避開的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推斷出，畫線詞和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，結(jié)合選項，D選項（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故選D。15.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments”可知，為了測試社會影響對飲食習慣的影響，探討人員進行了兩個試驗。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，在兩個試驗中，胖的和瘦的演員都吃了大量的食物。參與者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，當演員是瘦的時候，參與者們服用的食物更多。由此推斷，探討人員雇用演員是為了看看她如何影響參與者。故選A。16.推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?”可知，假如一個超重的人吃很大一份，我會忍住一點，因為我看到了他飲食習慣的結(jié)果。但假如一個瘦的人吃很多，我會跟著做。假如他吃得多保持苗條，為什么我不能呢？因此推斷我們是依據(jù)我們對他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）來調(diào)整影響的。故選C。3.釋義法有些文章，特殊是科技文章，通常會對一些關(guān)鍵詞賜予定義，我們可以利用定義來揣測這些詞的意思。釋義法就是依據(jù)文章中的字里行間，對生詞以定語（從句）、表語甚至用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以說明說明的方式。常見的詞有：mean,thatis,inotherwords,forexample,forinstance,suchas...（2024·全國卷II）Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避風港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盜版行為)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.9.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.11.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs. B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries. D.Purchasehernovels.12.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【答案】9.C10.B11.C12.D【分析】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講解并描述了作者是一個熱忱的讀者，孩提時熱衷讀書，第一份工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習慣代代傳承下去。作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣揚圖書館。9.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(我始終是一個熱忱的讀者，孩提時，有時候每天讀多達三本書。故事對我來說就像空氣，而其他孩子則打球或參與聚會。我通過從圖書館借閱來的書籍經(jīng)驗冒險)可推斷，作者小時候與書是密不行分的。故選C。10.詞句揣測題。依據(jù)上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我長大了成了一位母親，結(jié)合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有幾個孩子，書是我們消遣的主要來源。對于我們來說，坐上車去當?shù)氐膱D書館是件大事，在那里我的孩子們可以選擇要閱讀的書或者想讓我給他們讀的書)可推斷，作者成了母親以后，帶著孩子去圖書館，孩子選擇書籍來閱讀，或者作者讀給他們聽，因此可知圖書館在作者的生活中又增加了新的意義，閱讀的樂趣在家庭中代代相傳”。故選B。11.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段的Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.(我認為全部的作家都應(yīng)當在他們可以的時候以有意義的方式支持圖書館。激勵讀者運用圖書館。在社交媒體上共享圖書館公告?？梢缘臅r候常去圖書館，談?wù)搱D書館)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家們支持圖書館。故選C。12.主旨大意題。縱觀全文可知，文章講解并描述了作者是一名熱忱地讀者，孩提時喜愛閱讀，工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習慣代代傳承下去，作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣揚圖書館。因此推斷全文圍繞“作者對圖書館的愛”綻開講解并描述。故D項“我對圖書館的愛”為最佳標題。故選D。4.語境推斷法任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是確定孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文供應(yīng)的情景和線索，進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進而推想詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關(guān)鍵，這也是近年來高考考查的熱點。1.依據(jù)對比關(guān)系揣測詞義在一個句子或段落中，有對兩個事物或現(xiàn)象進行對比性的描述，我們可以依據(jù)生詞的反義詞揣測其詞義。表示對比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語主要有：unlike,not,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast等。表示對比關(guān)系的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：while引導的并列句。例如：Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂hassle＂(paragraph1)probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests依據(jù)對比關(guān)系，這里hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意義，很簡潔推斷理解題的答案為C。2.依據(jù)比較關(guān)系揣測詞義同對比關(guān)系相反，比較關(guān)系表示意義上的相像關(guān)系。表示比較關(guān)系的詞和短語主要有：similarly,like,justas,also,aswellas等。例如：Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.該句中副詞similarly表明短語lovestotalk和loquacious之間的比較關(guān)系，其意義相近。由此我們可推斷出loquacious的意思是＂健談的＂。3.依據(jù)因果關(guān)系揣測詞義在句子或段落中，若兩個事物現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以依據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推想生詞詞義。例如：Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.Theword＂presumptuous＂inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto＂__________＂.A.fullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquiet依據(jù)since引導的緣由狀語從句的內(nèi)容（＂既然你是我的上司＂），我們可以推斷這里presumptuous的意思是：＂冒失的，放縱的＂意思，后半句的意思是：我告知你怎么做會是一種放縱/冒失的行為。對應(yīng)的理解題答案為：B。Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots,oryoungleaves.依據(jù)緣由狀語從句的內(nèi)容，我們可以推斷Pruning的意思是：＂修剪（樹枝等）＂的意思。4.依據(jù)同義、近義、并列、替代、說明等關(guān)系揣測詞義在句子或段落中，我們可以利用熟識的詞語，依據(jù)語言環(huán)境所表示的關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義。例如：WilliamShakespearesaid.＂Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（紗線），goodandilltogether.＂Theunderlinedword＂mingled＂inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy句中g(shù)oodandilltogether更詳細地說明白amingledyarn的意義，據(jù)此我們不難推想mingled的意思是：＂混合的，交織的＂，答案是：B。Isitpossibletobeathighbloodpressurewithoutdrugs?Theansweris＂yes＂,accordingtotheresearchersatJohnsHopkinsandthreeothermedicalcenters.依據(jù)andthreeothermedicalcenters這種并列關(guān)系，我們很簡潔推斷出：JohnsHopkins是一家醫(yī)療中心。（2024·全國卷I）Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.1.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?A.Hisfriends'invitation. B.Hisinterestinthecountry.C.Hisloveforteaching. D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook. B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter. D.Torecommendatraveldestination.【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.A【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講解并描述了Bissell寫的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》這本書。這本書是Bissell在烏茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫的，是對烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個快速視察。1.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry.hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea”可知，幾年后，Bissell仍舊被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消逝的文章。因此推斷出對這個國家的愛好讓Bissell先生再次返回烏茲別克斯坦。故選B。2.詞句揣測題。劃線句是其次段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消逝的文章這件事，依據(jù)第一段最終一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(幾年后，仍舊被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消逝的文章)”可知，that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于死海消逝的文章這件事，故選D。3.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段”ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”可知，在烏茲別克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既體會到了友善和暖和，也看到了社會的黑暗面。在撒馬爾罕，MrBissell觀賞到了的建筑奇觀。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因為被懷疑進行毒品交易，他嘗到了警察的伎倆。在費爾干納，他參與了一個山區(qū)葬禮，然后參與了一個驚奇的酒會。在卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦，他為沙塵暴、疾病和被困在數(shù)英里外的漁船而難受。由此可知，在旅途中，他經(jīng)驗了很多事情。結(jié)合選項，B選項(充溢事務(wù)的，多事的)可以表達此意。故選B。4.推理推斷題。文章第一段提到書的作者的烏茲別克斯坦之行，引出他寫的書，接下來三段講解并描述了他的書《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》的故事內(nèi)容，是烏茲別克斯坦生活的一個快速視察。因此推斷本文的寫作目的是介紹一本書。故選A。5.構(gòu)詞推斷法閱讀中常常會遇到一些由熟識的單詞派生或合成的新詞。駕馭構(gòu)詞法對揣測詞義很有幫助。如：unforeseeable.這個詞，可以依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是詞根，fore是“先，前，預(yù)”的含義，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能預(yù)見到的”意思。1.依據(jù)前綴揣測詞義例如：Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?依據(jù)詞根educational（教化的），結(jié)合前綴co-（共同，一起），我們便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：＂男女同校教化的＂意思。2.依據(jù)后綴揣測詞義例如：It'saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlooking(俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland'smostsoutherlypoint.后綴-ise/ize意思是＂使成為…；使…化＂，結(jié)合詞根commercial（商業(yè)的），不難猜出uncommercialized的意思是：＂未被商業(yè)化的＂。3.依據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分揣測詞義例如：Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（別扭的）handpositions.Well-designed或許是個生詞，但我們分析該詞的結(jié)構(gòu)后，就能推想出其含義。它由well（好，優(yōu)秀）和design（設(shè)計）兩部分組成，合在一起便是＂設(shè)計精致的＂意思。Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremass-producedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis,mostpeoplethatcraft(手藝)nolongerexists.依據(jù)合成詞中的mass（大量的）和produce（生產(chǎn)），我們可以推想mass-produce的意思是：＂大批量生產(chǎn)；規(guī)模生產(chǎn)＂的意思。…Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”…70.Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.value B.resultC.performance D.connection【答案】B【解析】運用“構(gòu)詞法”進行揣測。動詞詞組comeout的意義為“露出、出現(xiàn)、顯露出”。再依據(jù)句子的語境，可揣測出其意義是：(試驗的)結(jié)果。I.閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。1Theystartedtheschoolyearasstrangersandtheyareendingtheyearasfamily.IstartedthisschoolyearlikearegularschoolyearandDamienlikearegularstudent,FinnLanningsaid."Oneday,heshowedupandjustsaidhewasn'tgoingtobebackanymore.AndwhenIquestionedhimaboutthat,hetoldmethathewasgoingbacktoliveinthehospitalforhisillness."DamienhasakidneydisordercalledFSGS,whichrequirestreatmentfor12hourseachday.Heisingreatneedofanewkidney.AccordingtoLanning,the13-year-oldwasn'tsuitableforatransplantbecauseheishomeless."Whenyou'relivinginthehospital,you’renotabletobeonthetransplantlistbecausefolkswhodon'thavestablehousingareconsideredhighriskforthem,“Lanningsaid.Damienendedupinthefostercaresystemduetohismedicalneeds.Whenasuitablehomecouldn'tbefound,hewasforcedtoliveinthehospital.Duringthattime,hecouldn'tleavetoattendschool.“AsIlearnedmoreabouthisstoryandwhathewasfacingandwhathisneedswere,itjustbecamereallyhardformetolooktheotherway；"Lanningsaid.Lanningdecidedtostepin,anddespitenothavinganychildrenofhisown,heofferedtotakeDamienin."It'sgoinggood,“saidDamien.Hehasalsobeenmovedtothetopofthewaitinglistforanewkidney.Heishopinghecanhavethetransplantwithinthenexttwoweeks.Inadditiontoasecondchanceatlife,heisalsogettingasecondchanceathavingafamily.1.WhydidDamienasktoleavetheschool?A.Hehadtoreceivetreatment. B.Hewasn'tfondofsomanystrangers.C.Heneededawarmandrichfamily. D.Hewasboredofteachers'questions.2.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatisnecessaryforthepatients'transplant?A.Keepingahealthydiet B.HavingasuitablehomeC.Takingspecialmedicines D.Livinginthehospitalfordays3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“l(fā)ooktheotherway"inparagraph4probablymean?A.payattention B.lookaround C.standby D.takepart4.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FindingaHouseforaSickStudent.B.GettingaTreatmentfromaGoodTeacher.C.StudentleavingtheSchoolforaTransplant.D.TeacherHelpingStudentbyOfferingHimaHome.【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.D【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述一個老師對一位身患重病的學生的幫助。正是在老師的幫助，讓患病的學生度過了難關(guān)。1.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段“Oneday,heshowedupandjustsaidhewasn'tgoingtobebackanymore.AndwhenIquestionedhimaboutthat,hetoldmethathewasgoingbacktoliveinthehospitalforhisillness.”（有一天，他出現(xiàn)了，只是說他不會再回來了。當我問他這件事的時候，他告知我他要去住院。）可知，Damien離開學校是因為他要去醫(yī)院治病。故選A項。2.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段“AccordingtoLanning,the13-year-oldwasn'tsuitableforatransplantbecauseheishomeless."Whenyou'relivinginthehospital,you’renotabletobeonthetransplantlistbecausefolkswhodon'thavestablehousingareconsideredhighriskforthem,“Lanningsaid.”（據(jù)蘭寧說，13歲的他不適合做移植手術(shù)，因為他無家可歸。當你住在醫(yī)院里，你就不能被列入移植名單，因為那些沒有穩(wěn)定居處的人被認為是高危人群。）可知，擁有穩(wěn)定的居處對移植的病人來說是有必要的。故選B項3.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)其次段“Lanningdecidedtostepin,anddespitenothavinganychildrenofhisown,heofferedtotakeDamienin.”（Lanning確定介入，盡管他自己沒有孩子，他還是收留了達Damien。）可知，Lanning決心要幫助Damien。因此可以推斷前句中的looktheotherway應(yīng)表示“支持”之意。故選C項。4.主旨大意題。文章講解并描述一個患有腎病的學生因為沒有穩(wěn)定的居處而不能被列入移植名單。在他的老師知道了這件事后，他確定不袖手旁觀。決心要收留Damien，讓他被移到了等待移植腎名單的首位。并且有望在將來兩周內(nèi)完成移植手術(shù)。因此D項“老師給學生供應(yīng)一個家來幫助他”為短文最佳標題。故選D項。2Howdoyouusuallyspendyoursparetime?Manypeoplechoosetobecouchpotatoes,butnotLuoHan,a9-year-oldfromChangsha,Hunan.LuoHancompletesatleasttwohoursofoutdooractivitieseverydayandhasraisedawaveofdiscussiononline.Althoughheisinprimaryschool,hehasalreadymasteredsportslikekayakingandpaddling.HisaptitudeforoutdoorsportsisfromhisfatherLuoGe,whoactivelyencourageshimtoenjoynature,ratherthanfocusingonlyonhislearning.AfternoticingthatLuoHandidnotgooutforenoughexerciseafterschool,hisfathertookhimtodooutdooractivitieseveryday.Manyapplaudedthem.“Exercisecaneasebrainfogandimprovememory.Manystudentsfeelstressedaboutschoolwork,sooutdooractivitiescanhelpuskeepourmoodsupliftedandimproveourlearningefficiency.”saidLiuYu,18,auniversityfreshman.WangTao,aparentofa16-year-old,showedhersupportforthefather.“It’smorethanawaytorelax.It’satrainingofwillpower,”shesaid.HersonHeXin,fromHefeiThomasSchool,Anhui,isafanofoutdoorsports.Althoughfacingincreasingpressureinhisstudies,hehasjoinedtheschool’sathleticprograms.However,somehavealsoexpressedtheirconcerns.“Twohoursisn’ttoomuchfora9-year-old,butitmightbedifficultforhighschoolstudentstoguaranteethisblockoftimewhenschoolbecomesmoredemanding,”saidHuangXi,16,fromLiyangHighSchoolofJiangsuprovince.Ms.Zhu,whohasadaughterinmiddleschool,alsoagreedthattwohoursistoomuchforthemajorityofparents,especiallyonweekdays.“WhenIamoffduty,Ineedtodohousework.Aftermydaughterfinishesherhomework,shepreferstowatchTV.Neitherofuswouldthinkofgoingoutsideforexercise,”Zhusaid.Otherparentsareconcernedaboutthesafetyofoutdooractivities.ZhangZhijinhasasoninhighschool.“Sometimes,teenagerscandocrazyandriskythings.Weworryaboutaccidents,”Zhangsaid.5.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.LiuYuthinksoutdooractivitiescanimproveourlearning.B.Outdoorplayingisonlygoodtorelaxation.C.LuoHan’sfatherthinkslearningismoreimportantthanexercising.D.LuoHan’sfatherthinksexerciseoncampusisenoughforhim.6.Whatdoestheauthormeanbytheunderlinedword“stressed”inParagraph3?A.annoyed B.excited C.anxious D.frightened7.WhichofthefollowingmayagreewithMsZhu?A.HuangXi B.LiuYu C.WangTao D.LuoHan8.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Pleasegooutforexercise B.DailyoutdoorplayandworkingC.People’sconcerns D.Parent’sviewsonafter-classwork【答案】5.A6.C7.A8.B【分析】這是一篇爭論文。文章主要就學生該不該保證日常戶外活動時間引發(fā)的探討而綻開，介紹了不同的人對此的看法。有人認為戶外活動可以緩解驚慌心情，放松學生的身心，而有些人則認為中學生無法保證有足夠的戶外時間，家長則擔憂對戶外活動平安性。5.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中“‘Manystudentsfeelstressedaboutschoolwork,sooutdooractivitiescanhelpuskeepourmoodsupliftedandimproveourlearningefficiency.'saidLiuYu,18,auniversityfreshman(18歲的大一新生劉宇說：‘很多學生對學校的學業(yè)感到有壓力，所以戶外活動可以幫助我們保持我們的心情高漲，提高我們的學習效率’)”可知，A選項“劉宇認為戶外活動可以提高我們的學習”正確。故選A。6.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞后文“sooutdooractivitiescanhelpuskeepourmoodsupliftedandimproveourlear