備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語二輪專題復習愛尚閱讀技巧篇專題19主旨大意題解答技巧含解析

專題19主旨大意題解答技巧主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一，旨在考查考生對文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸納實力?！糁髦即笠忸}的分類1.從考查對象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種①篇章主旨：針對全文的主題進行提問。主題句出現(xiàn)在首段的居多，其次是末段。②段落主旨：針對某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能須要從上下文中尋找或總結。2.考查內容上劃分，主旨大意題可分為三種①主題類(內容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；②目的類，考查文章或段落的寫作目的；③標題類，要求考生選出文章的最佳標題。◆設問特點1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。2.正確選項概況范圍大小恰當，主旨推斷精確。3.錯誤選項的特點經常是太大、太窄或者偏離主題，主觀臆斷。4.常以mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss等詞提問?！舫？紗栴}1.中心思想類Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Thepassagemainlydiscusses…Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2.標題類Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe…3.目的類Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…Thepassageismeantto….Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto…文章主題經常可以通過文章的寫作方法來體現(xiàn)，有以下五種狀況：1.中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首開宗明義，提出主題，隨之用細微環(huán)節(jié)來說明、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達的主題思想。這是英語中最常見的演繹法寫作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出觀點，后舉例論證，主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首的寫作方法。新聞報道通常就采納這種寫法。新聞報道的首句通常稱為“新聞導語”，“導語”事實上就是主題句，是對全文內容的高度概括。大意題、標題一般可在第一句話找到答題依據(jù)。（2024·天津卷.其次次）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驅策力)countformuchmorethatambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.1.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.A.proposeadefinitionB.makeacomparisonC.reachaconclusionD.presentanargument2.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.3.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.B.Developaquestioningmind.C.Leadalifeofadventure.D.Followthefashion.4.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.5.Whatcouldbethebesttileorthepassage?A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContentedB.ReflectionsonHumanNatureC.TheKeystoAchievementD.NeverTooLatetoLearn【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.C5.C【分析】本文是一篇爭論文。文章論述了獲得成就的兩個關鍵因素——新奇心和不滿足。1.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段內容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.可知，作者經過多年對人性的視察，認為成就非凡的人和平凡的人的區(qū)分在于新奇心和不滿足，而且兩者是相輔相成的。由此推知，作者寫第一段的目的是提出一個論點。故選D。2.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”可知，像伽利略一樣，歷史上全部的偉人都感到新奇，并不滿地問：“為什么？為什么？為什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告知我們，宏大來自于長久的探究欲望。故選D。3.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”及第四段中的“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.可知，歷史上全部的偉人都感到新奇，并不滿地問：“為什么？為什么？為什么？”孟子認為“不失去孩子的心，就是宏大的人?！比欢?，我們大多數(shù)人的確失去了它。我們不再問問題。我們不再挑戰(zhàn)習俗。我們只是隨大流。由此可知，你可以通過培育了一個擅長提問的頭腦，來重新獲得新奇心和不滿。故選B。4.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第六段中的Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.及第七段中的Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.以及列舉了ThomasCostain在57歲時出版了他的第一部小說，GrandmaMoses在78歲時展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，這兩段想告知我們“缺乏天賦和時間不是不實行行動的理由”。故選C。5.主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段內容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.及下文論述可知，本文主要論述了獲得成就的兩個關鍵因素——新奇心和不滿足。由此可知，C項TheKeystoAchievement(成就的關鍵)適合做本文最佳標題。故選C。2.主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾在細微環(huán)節(jié)后，歸納要點、印象、結論、建議或結果，以概括主題。這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式，即細微環(huán)節(jié)表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主題句則常位于末段。ThefamousAmericangorilla(大猩猩)expertDianeFosseyhadacompletelynewwaytostudygorillas—shepretendedtobeoneofthem.Shecopiedtheiractionsandwayoflife—eatingplantsandgettingdownonherhandsandkneestowalkthewayagorilladoes.Itwasanewrelationship.DianeFosseywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilmGorillasintheMist.ItwasalongwayfromKingKong,whichisaboutagorillaasamonster(afrighteninganimal),andhelpedtoshowanewidea:therealmonsterisman,whilethegorillaistobeadmired.Todaytherearethoughttobearound48,000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountaingorillasinthewild.FromtheCongoinWestAfrica,toRwandaandUgandafurthereast,theyareendangeredbyhuntingandbythecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.Sometimeago,IfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundforNature.Ithadtwophotossidebyside.Onewasofayounggorilla.“Thisisaspeciesofmammal(哺乳類動物),”saidthewordsbelowit.“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”Theotherphotoshowedahumanbaby.Thewordsalsoread,“Thisisaspeciesofmammal,”butthenwenton:“Itisthemostdestructive(破壞性的)onearth.Wemustretrainitforitsowngood.”56.Thetextmainlytalksabout_____.A.DianeFosseyB.thegorillasinRwandaC.theprotectionofthegorillasD.thefilmGorillasintheMist【答案】C【解析】文章第一段談到DianeFossey對大猩猩的探討；其次段談到依據(jù)她的事跡所拍攝的影片；第三段談到了大猩猩數(shù)量削減的緣由；最終一段談到愛護大猩猩的宣揚的措施。前面三段都是為最終一段做鋪墊的，從最終一段的“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”可知，最主要的目的還是要人們愛護大猩猩。3.首尾呼應的寫作方法為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結尾時再次點出主題，這種首尾呼應的寫作方式也較為多見。通常，前后表述主題的句子不是簡潔的重復，后面的往往有進一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaballintothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheballatahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.1.Thepassageismainlyabout___________.A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanadaC.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada【答案】D【解析】作者先后兩次提到“長曲棍球在加拿大很受歡迎”，明顯選項D最符合短文的主題。4.中心主題隱含在全文之中，沒有明確的主題句閱讀這樣的文章，就要求考生依據(jù)文章的細微環(huán)節(jié)來分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推導出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個方面的內容，這些內容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。該類型的試題則迎刃而解。（2024·全國卷II）Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.6.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.7.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A.Parents’age. B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education. D.Child-parentrelationship.8.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.9.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist D.Ateachingprogram.【答案】6.B7.C8.D9.B【分析】本文是說明文。是關于孩子們玩智力嬉戲的探討，介紹了探討考慮的因素，探討過程和結果。6.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2歲到4歲之間玩智力嬉戲的兒童在空間實力方面更好)可知，孩子們可以從智力嬉戲中發(fā)展更好的空間技能。B.Developingspatialskills(發(fā)展空間實力)符合以上說法，故選B項。7.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine說，在父母的收入、教化和父母談話次數(shù)方面限制差異性之后，拼圖嬉戲被發(fā)覺是一個重要的認知預料)可知Levine在設計這個試驗時考慮了父母的收入、教化程度和父母談話的次數(shù)。C.Parents'education.(父母的教化)符合以上說法，故選C項。8.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜愛玩困難的謎題，即他們可能會玩難度更大的謎題。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他們有可能玩更困難的謎題)符合以上說法，故選D項。9.主旨大意題。本文是關于孩子們玩智力嬉戲的探討，介紹了探討考慮的因素，探討過程和結果。所以是關于科學探討的。B.Ascientificstudy(一項科學探討)符合以上說法，故選B項。5.主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細微環(huán)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出，而后又作進一步的說明、支撐或發(fā)展。（2024年1月·浙江卷）Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Keyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime，thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool."Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers，"Padilla-Walkersaid."Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence-whichcanbetaught-arekeytoachild'slifesuccess.”Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritative"parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid，demandingorcontrolling.Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主權).Inthestudy，about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.10.WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors'study?A.Itcenteredonfathers'roleinparenting.B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.D.Itaimedtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.11.Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?A.Ignoretheirdemands. B.Makedecisionsforthem.C.Controltheirbehaviors. D.Explaintherulestothem.12.Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Singleparents.B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.C.Authoritarianfathers.D.Mothersintwo-parenthomes.13.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers.B.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture.C.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather.D.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance.【答案】10.A11.D12.A13.C【分析】這是一篇說明文。探討人員發(fā)覺，父親在幫助青春期的孩子學習毅力方面具有獨特的地位。探討人員認為，父親們須要采納一種“權威”的哺育方式，且一項重要的發(fā)覺是，隨著時間的推移，由權威父親撫養(yǎng)長大的孩子更有可能培育出堅持不懈的精神，從而在學校取得更好的成果。10.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.（楊百翰高校的探討人員發(fā)覺，父親在幫助青春期的孩子學習毅力方面具有獨特的地位）可知楊百翰高校探討的特殊之處在于，它關注的是父親在哺育子女中的角色。故選A。11.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy.（相反，權威的哺育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子們感受到來自父親的溫溫煦愛；強調責任和規(guī)則背后的緣由；孩子們被賜予適當?shù)淖灾鳈啵┛芍粋€有權威的父親在撫養(yǎng)孩子時會向他們說明規(guī)則。故選D。12.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段最終一句Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.（然而，探討人員認為，單親父母仍舊可能在教授堅持不懈的好處方面發(fā)揮作用，這是將來探討的一個方向）可知依據(jù)探討人員的說法，單親父母是將來探討的重點。故選A。13.主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)其次段中Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.（一項重要的發(fā)覺是，隨著時間的推移，由權威父親撫養(yǎng)長大的孩子更有可能培育出堅持不懈的精神，從而在學校取得更好的成果）和文章主要內容為說明父親在哺育子女中的角色，故選C選項“孩子們傾向于向父親學習決心”最符合文章標題。故選C。I.閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。1Youcan’timaginehowterribleIfeltatthattime.Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlaps(圓圈)andthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelatertoldmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamedthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋帶)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust(重新調整).NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Althoughmyanklewasverypainful,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwassohungry!AsIcametomile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標簽),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.1.Howdidheauthorfeelamonthbeforethemarathon?A.Anxious. B.Frightened.C.Wellprepared. D.Confident.2.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Tothankthesupportofhisteacher. B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports. D.Toshareavaluablememory.3.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit. B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize. D.Hewalkedtotheend.4.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn. B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill. D.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.C【分析】這是一篇記敘文。作者講解并描述了自己第一次參與馬拉松過程。競賽前一個月的因腳踝受傷而少了兩星期的訓練，自己堅持不放棄，然后是克服競賽途中的種種艱辛與困難，最終完成全程抵達終點，，經受住了毅志的考驗，可以稱自己是“馬拉松贏家”。1.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段第一、二句“Youcan’timaginehowterribleIfeltatthattime.Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.”可知，你想象不到那個時候我的感覺有多么的糟糕。在我的第一次馬拉松競賽前一個月，我的一只腳踝受傷了，這意味著有兩周時間我不能跑，只有兩周時間訓練。由此可知，賽前受傷，作者的心情是焦慮驚慌的。故選A項。2.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段最終兩句“Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelatertoldmethatIwas“notathletic”.”可知，兩樣運動我都做得不好。他后來告知我說我是“不擅長運動”。由此可知，作者提到七年級的體育課來表明他在體育方面沒有天賦。故選C項。3.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段句子“Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!”可知，我是最終完成全程的運動員之一。但是我完成了全程！由此可知，作者完成了全程馬拉松競賽。故選A項。4.主旨大意題。依據(jù)賽前的第三段句子“Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!(它是一場我自身身體與意志力的斗爭。一個意志的測試)”和最終一段“Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標簽),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.(由于下定決心成為自己，向前跑，不怕慚愧與世俗標簽，我現(xiàn)在能稱自己是一個“馬拉松贏家”)”可知，這個故事主要告知我們，一個獲勝者是一個努力、有毅力的人。故選C項。2Thegreat18th-centuryauthorMontesquieuonceputit,“Ihaveneverknownanystressthatanhour’sreadingdoesnotreduce."Andnowmanyargueforareturntothisviewofliteratureastherapy,evenusingtheword“bibliotherapy"（閱讀療法）todescribeit.Sowhatdoesliteratureprovide,beyondentertainment?Itcanactasaguide.ThosewhoshowgreatrespectforShakespeare,MiltonorProustshouldkeepinmindthateventhemostfamousauthorwasstillahumanbeing.Inotherwords,greatwritershavebeenthroughthesamethingsasyou.Likeyou,theyfoundthemselvesinthisstrangeworldandtheytriedtomakesenseofit.Andthisiswhatmostliteratureconsistsof:peopletryingtomakesenseoftheworld.Nomatterwhatyourfearsorconcernsmaybe,chancesaresomegreatwriterhaswrittenaboutthem.Beforeseeking（尋求）suggestions,citherfromaprofessionalorawell-readfriend,beclearaboutwhatistroublingyou.Forexample,let'ssayyouwereraisedinareligious（信仰宗教的）familybutnow,inlaterlife,havelostyourfaith（信仰）.Thisispainfultoyouandyoufeelemptyandalone.Countlesswritershavegonedownthispathbeforeyouandhavefoundawayout—theGermanpoetandnovelistHermannHesse,forexample,wrotethewonderfullittlenovelSiddarthaaboutthissearchforspiritualpeace.Itwouldalsohelptoconsideryourparticularlifestage.Someonefromapoorbackgroundabouttosetoffforagreatcollegewillwantadifferentsetofreadingfromaretiredwomanwhosehusbandhasdied.Totakeanotherexample,let'simagineyouhadachildhoodofabuse（虐待）.Foryearsyouhavesufferedfromdepression.Inthatcase,youcouldtryEdwardStAubyn'sThePatrickMelroseNovels.StAubyn'sfatherabusedhim,whilehismotherescapedintodrink,butAubynwroteaseriesofsplendidnovelsbasedonhislife,chartingaman'sjourneythroughthehardsituationofabuseandouttheotherend.5.WhydoestheauthorquoteMontesquieu?A.Tostresstheeffectofbibliotherapy. B.Toexplainwhatbibliotherapymeans.C.Totelluswhenbibliotherapycameintobeing. D.Toarguefortheuseofliteratureastherapy.6.Whatshouldyoudobeforeseekingsuggestionsonyourbooklist?A.Findoutwhichwriterhaswrittenaboutyourproblem.B.Knowwhatauthorshavegonethrough.C.Findouthowtoseekspiritualpeace.D.Knowwhatyourtroubleis.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?.A.Aubyn'snovelssuitpeoplewhohaveretired.B.Aubyn'snovelsaremainlyreadbyyoungreaders.C.Peopleshouldchoosenovelsaccordingtotheirinterest.D.Peopleofdifferentagesneeddifferentworksofliterature.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whatnovelsbestsuityou. B.Aformoftherapy:literature.C.Thegreatinfluenceofliterature. D.Theexperiencesofgreatwriters.【答案】5.A6.D7.D8.B【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種治療方式：閱讀療法，其指的是人們可以依據(jù)自己的狀況和需求通過閱讀來對生活中所遭遇的消極方面進行思想和心理上的治療或者減輕壓力，從而主動面對生活。5.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“Thegreat18th-centuryauthorMontesquieuonceputit,“Ihaveneverknownanystressthatanhour’sreadingdoesnotreduce.”(宏大的18世紀作家孟德斯鳩曾經說過:“我從未見過一小時的閱讀沒有減輕壓力?！?可知孟德斯鳩對閱讀減輕壓力持特別確定和主動的看法，由此可推知作者在第一段引用孟德斯鳩的話是為了強調“閱讀療法”的效果，故選A項。6.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“Beforeseeking（尋求）suggestions,citherfromaprofessionalorawell-readfriend,beclearaboutwhatistroublingyou.”(在向專業(yè)人士或博學的摯友尋求建議之前，先弄清晰困擾你的是什么。)可知在尋求建議之前要先知道自己的困擾是什么，故選D項。7.推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Itwouldalsohelptoconsideryourparticularlifestage.Someonefromapoorbackgroundabouttosetoffforagreatcollegewillwantadifferentsetofreadingfromaretiredwomanwhosehusbandhasdied.”(考慮一下你的生活階段也會有所幫助。一個家境貧寒、即將進入一所好高校的人須要的閱讀材料會和一位丈夫去世的退休婦女完全不同。)可知,不同階段的人須要的文學作品也不一樣。故選D項。8.主旨大意題。由第一段“Andnowmanyargueforareturntothisviewofliteratureastherapy,evenusingtheword“bibliotherapy"（閱讀療法）todescribeit.”(現(xiàn)在，很多人主見回來文學作為一種治療的觀點，甚至運用“閱讀療法”這個詞來描述它。)可知提出了文章的主題“閱讀療法”，結合全文對閱讀療法的介紹和作用，閱讀療法應當選用的閱讀材料等內容可知本文主要是在介紹一種治療方式：文學。故選B項。3Birthdaysofteninvolvesurprises.Butthisyear'ssurpriseonthebirthdayofthegreatBritishplaywrightWilliamShakespeareissurelyoneofthemostdramatic.OnApril22,onedaybeforehis441stbirthdayanniversary,expertsdiscoveredthatoneofthemostrecognizableportraitsofWilliamShakespeareisafake.ThismeansthatwenolongerhaveagoodideaofwhatShakespearelookedlike.“It'sverypossiblethatmanypicturesofShakespearemightbeunreliablebecausemanyofthemarecopiesofthisone,”saidanexpertfromBritain'sNationalPortraitGallery.ThediscoverycomesafterfourmonthsoftestingusingX-rays,ultravioletlight,microphotographyandpaintsamples.Theexpertsfromthegallerysaytheimage—commonlyknownasthe“Flowerportrait”—wasactuallypaintedinthe1800s,abouttwocenturiesafterShakespeare'sdeath.Theartexpertswhoworkatthegallerysaytheyalsousedmodernchemistrytechnologytocheckthepaintonthepicture.Thesechecksfoundtracesofpaintdatingfromabout1814.Shakespearediedin1616,andthedatethatappearsontheportraitis1609.“Wenowthinktheportraitdatesbacktoaround1818to1840.ThiswaswhentherewasarenewedinterestinShakespeare'splays,”TarnyaCooper,thegallery'scurator（館長）,toldtheAssociatedPresident.Thefakepicturehasoftenbeenusedasacoverforcollectionsofhisplays.ItiscalledtheFlowerportraitbecauseoneofitsowners,DesmondFlower,gaveittotheRoyalShakespeareCompany.“Therehavealwaysbeenquestionsaboutthepainting,”saidDavidHowells,curatorfortheRoyalShakespeareCompany.“Nowweknowthetruth,wecanputtheimageinitsproperplaceinthehistoryofShakespeareanportraiture.”TwootherimagesofShakespeare,arealsobeingstudiedaspartoftheinvestigationandtheresultswillcomeoutlaterthismonth.________.9.WhatmakesthebirthdayofShakespearedramaticthisyear?A.Itwasfoundthathepaintedaportraitin1814insteadofin1609.B.TheFlowerportraithasbeenfoundtobeafake.C.ThreeportraitsofShakespearearebeingtestedtoidentifyarealone.D.ItwasfoundthattherewasarenewedinterestinShakespeare'splaysaround1818to1840.10.WhichstatementisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A.PortraitsofShakespeareareallunreliable.B.“Flowerportrait”wasaportraitofShakespearegiventoDesmondFlower.C.1814mightbewhentheportraitwasdrawn.D.TheFlowerportraitisnotoftenusedasacoverforShakespeare'splay.11.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.A.BirthdaysofteninvolvesurprisesB.Thesurpriseonthe441stbirthdayofShakespeareC.OneportraitofShakespeareisafakeD.HowcanweknowShakespeare'sappearance?12.Whichisthebestsentencetofillintheblankinthelastparagraph?A.Soonwe'llknowwhichportraitisreliable.B.MaybewecannotfindarealportraitofShakespeare.C.Ifthetwoportraitsarefoundtobefalse,theywilltestmore.D.FornowwhatShakespearereallylookedlikewillremainamystery.【答案】9.B10.C11.B12.D【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講解并描述了在莎士比亞的第441個周年紀念日中，專家們發(fā)覺最具認可度的莎士比亞畫像原來是假的，并講解并描述了理由及至少四種測量的方法?，F(xiàn)如今，莎士比亞究竟什么樣子仍舊是一個謎。9.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一句“expertsdiscoveredthatoneofthemostrecognizableportraitsofWilliamShakespeareisafake.”(專家們發(fā)覺一幅最為人熟知的莎士比亞畫像是贗品。)可知，莎士比亞的一幅得到公認的肖像畫被發(fā)覺是仿制品。故選B項。10.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第四句“Thesechecksfoundtracesofpaintdatingfromabout1814.”(經查驗，發(fā)覺大約1814年的油漆痕跡。)可知，這幅叫做“Flowerportrait”的肖像畫所運用的油漆可追溯到1814年，