備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)愛尚閱讀技巧篇專題19主旨大意題解答技巧含解析

專題19主旨大意題解答技巧主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一，旨在考查考生對(duì)文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸納實(shí)力?！糁髦即笠忸}的分類1.從考查對(duì)象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種①篇章主旨：針對(duì)全文的主題進(jìn)行提問。主題句出現(xiàn)在首段的居多，其次是末段。②段落主旨：針對(duì)某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能須要從上下文中尋找或總結(jié)。2.考查內(nèi)容上劃分，主旨大意題可分為三種①主題類(內(nèi)容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；②目的類，考查文章或段落的寫作目的；③標(biāo)題類，要求考生選出文章的最佳標(biāo)題。◆設(shè)問特點(diǎn)1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。2.正確選項(xiàng)概況范圍大小恰當(dāng)，主旨推斷精確。3.錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)經(jīng)常是太大、太窄或者偏離主題，主觀臆斷。4.常以mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss等詞提問?！舫？紗栴}1.中心思想類Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Thepassagemainlydiscusses…Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2.標(biāo)題類Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe…3.目的類Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…Thepassageismeantto….Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto…文章主題經(jīng)?？梢酝ㄟ^文章的寫作方法來體現(xiàn)，有以下五種狀況：1.中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首開宗明義，提出主題，隨之用細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)來說明、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。這是英語中最常見的演繹法寫作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出觀點(diǎn)，后舉例論證，主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首的寫作方法。新聞報(bào)道通常就采納這種寫法。新聞報(bào)道的首句通常稱為“新聞導(dǎo)語”，“導(dǎo)語”事實(shí)上就是主題句，是對(duì)全文內(nèi)容的高度概括。大意題、標(biāo)題一般可在第一句話找到答題依據(jù)。（2024·天津卷.其次次）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驅(qū)策力)countformuchmorethatambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.1.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.A.proposeadefinitionB.makeacomparisonC.reachaconclusionD.presentanargument2.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.3.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.B.Developaquestioningmind.C.Leadalifeofadventure.D.Followthefashion.4.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.5.Whatcouldbethebesttileorthepassage?A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContentedB.ReflectionsonHumanNatureC.TheKeystoAchievementD.NeverTooLatetoLearn【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.C5.C【分析】本文是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章論述了獲得成就的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素——新奇心和不滿足。1.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.可知，作者經(jīng)過多年對(duì)人性的視察，認(rèn)為成就非凡的人和平凡的人的區(qū)分在于新奇心和不滿足，而且兩者是相輔相成的。由此推知，作者寫第一段的目的是提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。故選D。2.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”可知，像伽利略一樣，歷史上全部的偉人都感到新奇，并不滿地問：“為什么？為什么？為什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告知我們，宏大來自于長(zhǎng)久的探究欲望。故選D。3.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”及第四段中的“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.可知，歷史上全部的偉人都感到新奇，并不滿地問：“為什么？為什么？為什么？”孟子認(rèn)為“不失去孩子的心，就是宏大的人。”然而，我們大多數(shù)人的確失去了它。我們不再問問題。我們不再挑戰(zhàn)習(xí)俗。我們只是隨大流。由此可知，你可以通過培育了一個(gè)擅長(zhǎng)提問的頭腦，來重新獲得新奇心和不滿。故選B。4.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第六段中的Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.及第七段中的Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.以及列舉了ThomasCostain在57歲時(shí)出版了他的第一部小說，GrandmaMoses在78歲時(shí)展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，這兩段想告知我們“缺乏天賦和時(shí)間不是不實(shí)行行動(dòng)的理由”。故選C。5.主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.及下文論述可知，本文主要論述了獲得成就的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素——新奇心和不滿足。由此可知，C項(xiàng)TheKeystoAchievement(成就的關(guān)鍵)適合做本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。2.主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾在細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)、印象、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果，以概括主題。這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式，即細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主題句則常位于末段。ThefamousAmericangorilla(大猩猩)expertDianeFosseyhadacompletelynewwaytostudygorillas—shepretendedtobeoneofthem.Shecopiedtheiractionsandwayoflife—eatingplantsandgettingdownonherhandsandkneestowalkthewayagorilladoes.Itwasanewrelationship.DianeFosseywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilmGorillasintheMist.ItwasalongwayfromKingKong,whichisaboutagorillaasamonster(afrighteninganimal),andhelpedtoshowanewidea:therealmonsterisman,whilethegorillaistobeadmired.Todaytherearethoughttobearound48,000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountaingorillasinthewild.FromtheCongoinWestAfrica,toRwandaandUgandafurthereast,theyareendangeredbyhuntingandbythecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.Sometimeago,IfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundforNature.Ithadtwophotossidebyside.Onewasofayounggorilla.“Thisisaspeciesofmammal(哺乳類動(dòng)物),”saidthewordsbelowit.“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”Theotherphotoshowedahumanbaby.Thewordsalsoread,“Thisisaspeciesofmammal,”butthenwenton:“Itisthemostdestructive(破壞性的)onearth.Wemustretrainitforitsowngood.”56.Thetextmainlytalksabout_____.A.DianeFosseyB.thegorillasinRwandaC.theprotectionofthegorillasD.thefilmGorillasintheMist【答案】C【解析】文章第一段談到DianeFossey對(duì)大猩猩的探討；其次段談到依據(jù)她的事跡所拍攝的影片；第三段談到了大猩猩數(shù)量削減的緣由；最終一段談到愛護(hù)大猩猩的宣揚(yáng)的措施。前面三段都是為最終一段做鋪墊的，從最終一段的“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”可知，最主要的目的還是要人們愛護(hù)大猩猩。3.首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方法為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題，這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式也較為多見。通常，前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)潔的重復(fù)，后面的往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaballintothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheballatahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.1.Thepassageismainlyabout___________.A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanadaC.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada【答案】D【解析】作者先后兩次提到“長(zhǎng)曲棍球在加拿大很受歡迎”，明顯選項(xiàng)D最符合短文的主題。4.中心主題隱含在全文之中，沒有明確的主題句閱讀這樣的文章，就要求考生依據(jù)文章的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)來分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。該類型的試題則迎刃而解。（2024·全國(guó)卷II）Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.6.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.7.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A.Parents’age. B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education. D.Child-parentrelationship.8.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.9.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist D.Ateachingprogram.【答案】6.B7.C8.D9.B【分析】本文是說明文。是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力嬉戲的探討，介紹了探討考慮的因素，探討過程和結(jié)果。6.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2歲到4歲之間玩智力嬉戲的兒童在空間實(shí)力方面更好)可知，孩子們可以從智力嬉戲中發(fā)展更好的空間技能。B.Developingspatialskills(發(fā)展空間實(shí)力)符合以上說法，故選B項(xiàng)。7.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine說，在父母的收入、教化和父母談話次數(shù)方面限制差異性之后，拼圖嬉戲被發(fā)覺是一個(gè)重要的認(rèn)知預(yù)料)可知Levine在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)試驗(yàn)時(shí)考慮了父母的收入、教化程度和父母談話的次數(shù)。C.Parents'education.(父母的教化)符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。8.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜愛玩困難的謎題，即他們可能會(huì)玩難度更大的謎題。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他們有可能玩更困難的謎題)符合以上說法，故選D項(xiàng)。9.主旨大意題。本文是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力嬉戲的探討，介紹了探討考慮的因素，探討過程和結(jié)果。所以是關(guān)于科學(xué)探討的。B.Ascientificstudy(一項(xiàng)科學(xué)探討)符合以上說法，故選B項(xiàng)。5.主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步的說明、支撐或發(fā)展。（2024年1月·浙江卷）Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Keyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime，thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool."Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers，"Padilla-Walkersaid."Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence-whichcanbetaught-arekeytoachild'slifesuccess.”Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritative"parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid，demandingorcontrolling.Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主權(quán)).Inthestudy，about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.10.WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors'study?A.Itcenteredonfathers'roleinparenting.B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.D.Itaimedtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.11.Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?A.Ignoretheirdemands. B.Makedecisionsforthem.C.Controltheirbehaviors. D.Explaintherulestothem.12.Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Singleparents.B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.C.Authoritarianfathers.D.Mothersintwo-parenthomes.13.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers.B.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture.C.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather.D.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance.【答案】10.A11.D12.A13.C【分析】這是一篇說明文。探討人員發(fā)覺，父親在幫助青春期的孩子學(xué)習(xí)毅力方面具有獨(dú)特的地位。探討人員認(rèn)為，父親們須要采納一種“權(quán)威”的哺育方式，且一項(xiàng)重要的發(fā)覺是，隨著時(shí)間的推移，由權(quán)威父親撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的孩子更有可能培育出堅(jiān)持不懈的精神，從而在學(xué)校取得更好的成果。10.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.（楊百翰高校的探討人員發(fā)覺，父親在幫助青春期的孩子學(xué)習(xí)毅力方面具有獨(dú)特的地位）可知楊百翰高校探討的特殊之處在于，它關(guān)注的是父親在哺育子女中的角色。故選A。11.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy.（相反，權(quán)威的哺育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子們感受到來自父親的溫溫煦愛；強(qiáng)調(diào)責(zé)任和規(guī)則背后的緣由；孩子們被賜予適當(dāng)?shù)淖灾鳈?quán)）可知一個(gè)有權(quán)威的父親在撫養(yǎng)孩子時(shí)會(huì)向他們說明規(guī)則。故選D。12.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段最終一句Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.（然而，探討人員認(rèn)為，單親父母仍舊可能在教授堅(jiān)持不懈的好處方面發(fā)揮作用，這是將來探討的一個(gè)方向）可知依據(jù)探討人員的說法，單親父母是將來探討的重點(diǎn)。故選A。13.主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)其次段中Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.（一項(xiàng)重要的發(fā)覺是，隨著時(shí)間的推移，由權(quán)威父親撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的孩子更有可能培育出堅(jiān)持不懈的精神，從而在學(xué)校取得更好的成果）和文章主要內(nèi)容為說明父親在哺育子女中的角色，故選C選項(xiàng)“孩子們傾向于向父親學(xué)習(xí)決心”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。I.閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。1Youcan’timaginehowterribleIfeltatthattime.Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlaps(圓圈)andthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelatertoldmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamedthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋帶)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust(重新調(diào)整).NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Althoughmyanklewasverypainful,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwassohungry!AsIcametomile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標(biāo)簽),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.1.Howdidheauthorfeelamonthbeforethemarathon?A.Anxious. B.Frightened.C.Wellprepared. D.Confident.2.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Tothankthesupportofhisteacher. B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports. D.Toshareavaluablememory.3.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit. B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize. D.Hewalkedtotheend.4.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn. B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill. D.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.C【分析】這是一篇記敘文。作者講解并描述了自己第一次參與馬拉松過程。競(jìng)賽前一個(gè)月的因腳踝受傷而少了兩星期的訓(xùn)練，自己堅(jiān)持不放棄，然后是克服競(jìng)賽途中的種種艱辛與困難，最終完成全程抵達(dá)終點(diǎn)，，經(jīng)受住了毅志的考驗(yàn)，可以稱自己是“馬拉松贏家”。1.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段第一、二句“Youcan’timaginehowterribleIfeltatthattime.Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.”可知，你想象不到那個(gè)時(shí)候我的感覺有多么的糟糕。在我的第一次馬拉松競(jìng)賽前一個(gè)月，我的一只腳踝受傷了，這意味著有兩周時(shí)間我不能跑，只有兩周時(shí)間訓(xùn)練。由此可知，賽前受傷，作者的心情是焦慮驚慌的。故選A項(xiàng)。2.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段最終兩句“Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelatertoldmethatIwas“notathletic”.”可知，兩樣運(yùn)動(dòng)我都做得不好。他后來告知我說我是“不擅長(zhǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)”。由此可知，作者提到七年級(jí)的體育課來表明他在體育方面沒有天賦。故選C項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段句子“Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!”可知，我是最終完成全程的運(yùn)動(dòng)員之一。但是我完成了全程！由此可知，作者完成了全程馬拉松競(jìng)賽。故選A項(xiàng)。4.主旨大意題。依據(jù)賽前的第三段句子“Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!(它是一場(chǎng)我自身身體與意志力的斗爭(zhēng)。一個(gè)意志的測(cè)試)”和最終一段“Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標(biāo)簽),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.(由于下定決心成為自己，向前跑，不怕慚愧與世俗標(biāo)簽，我現(xiàn)在能稱自己是一個(gè)“馬拉松贏家”)”可知，這個(gè)故事主要告知我們，一個(gè)獲勝者是一個(gè)努力、有毅力的人。故選C項(xiàng)。2Thegreat18th-centuryauthorMontesquieuonceputit,“Ihaveneverknownanystressthatanhour’sreadingdoesnotreduce."Andnowmanyargueforareturntothisviewofliteratureastherapy,evenusingtheword“bibliotherapy"（閱讀療法）todescribeit.Sowhatdoesliteratureprovide,beyondentertainment?Itcanactasaguide.ThosewhoshowgreatrespectforShakespeare,MiltonorProustshouldkeepinmindthateventhemostfamousauthorwasstillahumanbeing.Inotherwords,greatwritershavebeenthroughthesamethingsasyou.Likeyou,theyfoundthemselvesinthisstrangeworldandtheytriedtomakesenseofit.Andthisiswhatmostliteratureconsistsof:peopletryingtomakesenseoftheworld.Nomatterwhatyourfearsorconcernsmaybe,chancesaresomegreatwriterhaswrittenaboutthem.Beforeseeking（尋求）suggestions,citherfromaprofessionalorawell-readfriend,beclearaboutwhatistroublingyou.Forexample,let'ssayyouwereraisedinareligious（信仰宗教的）familybutnow,inlaterlife,havelostyourfaith（信仰）.Thisispainfultoyouandyoufeelemptyandalone.Countlesswritershavegonedownthispathbeforeyouandhavefoundawayout—theGermanpoetandnovelistHermannHesse,forexample,wrotethewonderfullittlenovelSiddarthaaboutthissearchforspiritualpeace.Itwouldalsohelptoconsideryourparticularlifestage.Someonefromapoorbackgroundabouttosetoffforagreatcollegewillwantadifferentsetofreadingfromaretiredwomanwhosehusbandhasdied.Totakeanotherexample,let'simagineyouhadachildhoodofabuse（虐待）.Foryearsyouhavesufferedfromdepression.Inthatcase,youcouldtryEdwardStAubyn'sThePatrickMelroseNovels.StAubyn'sfatherabusedhim,whilehismotherescapedintodrink,butAubynwroteaseriesofsplendidnovelsbasedonhislife,chartingaman'sjourneythroughthehardsituationofabuseandouttheotherend.5.WhydoestheauthorquoteMontesquieu?A.Tostresstheeffectofbibliotherapy. B.Toexplainwhatbibliotherapymeans.C.Totelluswhenbibliotherapycameintobeing. D.Toarguefortheuseofliteratureastherapy.6.Whatshouldyoudobeforeseekingsuggestionsonyourbooklist?A.Findoutwhichwriterhaswrittenaboutyourproblem.B.Knowwhatauthorshavegonethrough.C.Findouthowtoseekspiritualpeace.D.Knowwhatyourtroubleis.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?.A.Aubyn'snovelssuitpeoplewhohaveretired.B.Aubyn'snovelsaremainlyreadbyyoungreaders.C.Peopleshouldchoosenovelsaccordingtotheirinterest.D.Peopleofdifferentagesneeddifferentworksofliterature.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whatnovelsbestsuityou. B.Aformoftherapy:literature.C.Thegreatinfluenceofliterature. D.Theexperiencesofgreatwriters.【答案】5.A6.D7.D8.B【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種治療方式：閱讀療法，其指的是人們可以依據(jù)自己的狀況和需求通過閱讀來對(duì)生活中所遭遇的消極方面進(jìn)行思想和心理上的治療或者減輕壓力，從而主動(dòng)面對(duì)生活。5.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“Thegreat18th-centuryauthorMontesquieuonceputit,“Ihaveneverknownanystressthatanhour’sreadingdoesnotreduce.”(宏大的18世紀(jì)作家孟德斯鳩曾經(jīng)說過:“我從未見過一小時(shí)的閱讀沒有減輕壓力?！?可知孟德斯鳩對(duì)閱讀減輕壓力持特別確定和主動(dòng)的看法，由此可推知作者在第一段引用孟德斯鳩的話是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)“閱讀療法”的效果，故選A項(xiàng)。6.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“Beforeseeking（尋求）suggestions,citherfromaprofessionalorawell-readfriend,beclearaboutwhatistroublingyou.”(在向?qū)I(yè)人士或博學(xué)的摯友尋求建議之前，先弄清晰困擾你的是什么。)可知在尋求建議之前要先知道自己的困擾是什么，故選D項(xiàng)。7.推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Itwouldalsohelptoconsideryourparticularlifestage.Someonefromapoorbackgroundabouttosetoffforagreatcollegewillwantadifferentsetofreadingfromaretiredwomanwhosehusbandhasdied.”(考慮一下你的生活階段也會(huì)有所幫助。一個(gè)家境貧寒、即將進(jìn)入一所好高校的人須要的閱讀材料會(huì)和一位丈夫去世的退休婦女完全不同。)可知,不同階段的人須要的文學(xué)作品也不一樣。故選D項(xiàng)。8.主旨大意題。由第一段“Andnowmanyargueforareturntothisviewofliteratureastherapy,evenusingtheword“bibliotherapy"（閱讀療法）todescribeit.”(現(xiàn)在，很多人主見回來文學(xué)作為一種治療的觀點(diǎn)，甚至運(yùn)用“閱讀療法”這個(gè)詞來描述它。)可知提出了文章的主題“閱讀療法”，結(jié)合全文對(duì)閱讀療法的介紹和作用，閱讀療法應(yīng)當(dāng)選用的閱讀材料等內(nèi)容可知本文主要是在介紹一種治療方式：文學(xué)。故選B項(xiàng)。3Birthdaysofteninvolvesurprises.Butthisyear'ssurpriseonthebirthdayofthegreatBritishplaywrightWilliamShakespeareissurelyoneofthemostdramatic.OnApril22,onedaybeforehis441stbirthdayanniversary,expertsdiscoveredthatoneofthemostrecognizableportraitsofWilliamShakespeareisafake.ThismeansthatwenolongerhaveagoodideaofwhatShakespearelookedlike.“It'sverypossiblethatmanypicturesofShakespearemightbeunreliablebecausemanyofthemarecopiesofthisone,”saidanexpertfromBritain'sNationalPortraitGallery.ThediscoverycomesafterfourmonthsoftestingusingX-rays,ultravioletlight,microphotographyandpaintsamples.Theexpertsfromthegallerysaytheimage—commonlyknownasthe“Flowerportrait”—wasactuallypaintedinthe1800s,abouttwocenturiesafterShakespeare'sdeath.Theartexpertswhoworkatthegallerysaytheyalsousedmodernchemistrytechnologytocheckthepaintonthepicture.Thesechecksfoundtracesofpaintdatingfromabout1814.Shakespearediedin1616,andthedatethatappearsontheportraitis1609.“Wenowthinktheportraitdatesbacktoaround1818to1840.ThiswaswhentherewasarenewedinterestinShakespeare'splays,”TarnyaCooper,thegallery'scurator（館長(zhǎng)）,toldtheAssociatedPresident.Thefakepicturehasoftenbeenusedasacoverforcollectionsofhisplays.ItiscalledtheFlowerportraitbecauseoneofitsowners,DesmondFlower,gaveittotheRoyalShakespeareCompany.“Therehavealwaysbeenquestionsaboutthepainting,”saidDavidHowells,curatorfortheRoyalShakespeareCompany.“Nowweknowthetruth,wecanputtheimageinitsproperplaceinthehistoryofShakespeareanportraiture.”TwootherimagesofShakespeare,arealsobeingstudiedaspartoftheinvestigationandtheresultswillcomeoutlaterthismonth.________.9.WhatmakesthebirthdayofShakespearedramaticthisyear?A.Itwasfoundthathepaintedaportraitin1814insteadofin1609.B.TheFlowerportraithasbeenfoundtobeafake.C.ThreeportraitsofShakespearearebeingtestedtoidentifyarealone.D.ItwasfoundthattherewasarenewedinterestinShakespeare'splaysaround1818to1840.10.WhichstatementisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A.PortraitsofShakespeareareallunreliable.B.“Flowerportrait”wasaportraitofShakespearegiventoDesmondFlower.C.1814mightbewhentheportraitwasdrawn.D.TheFlowerportraitisnotoftenusedasacoverforShakespeare'splay.11.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.A.BirthdaysofteninvolvesurprisesB.Thesurpriseonthe441stbirthdayofShakespeareC.OneportraitofShakespeareisafakeD.HowcanweknowShakespeare'sappearance?12.Whichisthebestsentencetofillintheblankinthelastparagraph?A.Soonwe'llknowwhichportraitisreliable.B.MaybewecannotfindarealportraitofShakespeare.C.Ifthetwoportraitsarefoundtobefalse,theywilltestmore.D.FornowwhatShakespearereallylookedlikewillremainamystery.【答案】9.B10.C11.B12.D【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講解并描述了在莎士比亞的第441個(gè)周年紀(jì)念日中，專家們發(fā)覺最具認(rèn)可度的莎士比亞畫像原來是假的，并講解并描述了理由及至少四種測(cè)量的方法?，F(xiàn)如今，莎士比亞究竟什么樣子仍舊是一個(gè)謎。9.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一句“expertsdiscoveredthatoneofthemostrecognizableportraitsofWilliamShakespeareisafake.”(專家們發(fā)覺一幅最為人熟知的莎士比亞畫像是贗品。)可知，莎士比亞的一幅得到公認(rèn)的肖像畫被發(fā)覺是仿制品。故選B項(xiàng)。10.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第四句“Thesechecksfoundtracesofpaintdatingfromabout1814.”(經(jīng)查驗(yàn)，發(fā)覺大約1814年的油漆痕跡。)可知，這幅叫做“Flowerportrait”的肖像畫所運(yùn)用的油漆可追溯到1814年，