翻譯的技巧增詞法與重復(fù)法

LessonThreeClearingintheSky

ByJesseStuartAbouttheText

1.Iwipedthestreamsofsweatfrommyfacetokeepthemfromstingingmyeyes.(Para.2)1)Stream:aflowofwater,air,etc.Theword‘stream’canbeusedfigurativelyaswellasliterally.Itmayrefertoacontinuousflowofanything.Astreamofpeoplewascomingoutofthecinema.2)Tosting:tocausetofeelsharppain.Abeestunghimonthearm.2.Hedidn’tcareifitwas100℉intheshadeor20℉belowzero.(Para.3)

Fahrenheit(F):Centigrade(C)=5/9*(F-32)Fahrenheit=C*9/5+32100℉=5/9*(100-32)℃=37.7℃-20℉=?℃3.Suddenlyhestopped,…,andcutawispofalfalfa.(Para.4)Wisp:(formal)asmalltuftorstrandAwispofhairescapedfromherhat.Awispofsmokecurledupfromthechimney.Thewordsstream,creek,brook,andriverarecomparableinthateachdenotesabodyofwaterflowinginawatercourseorchannel.Inpopularusage,brookandstreamareoftenusedinterchangeably.4.“Wherearewegoing?”Iaskedwhenhestartedtowalkalogacrossthecreek.(Para.11)Stream:themostgeneralwordinthisgroup,embracingalltheothertermsinitsmeaning.Acreek:asmallstream.Abrook:usuallyaprimarystreamermergingfromaspring.

Ariver:alargestreamofwaterthatdischargesintoalargerbodyofwatersuchasasea,alake,oranotherstream.1)asif:inthissentence,asifintroducesanadverbialclauseofcomparison.Sincethereisdoubtof“uncertainty”,themodalpastisused.2)Fondle:vt.tohandletenderly;showaffectionbycaressingtofondleababy/adoll/akittenHefondledthedog’sears.Theoldladyfondledhercatasitsatbesideher.4.Thepinesontopofthemountainaboveuslookedasifthefingersoftheirlongboughswerefondlingawhitecloud.(Para.18)Thislandhadneverbeenfarmedbeforeand“new”earthsmellsveryfreshandgood.Soil:1)thetoplayeroftheearththatiscomposedofdisintegratedrockparticles,humus,waterandairAftertheharvest,thefarmerbegantopreparethesoilforseed..5.“fertile”,helaughedashereacheddownandpickedupadoublehandfulofthesoil.“Thisistheland,son!Thisisit.”Thenhesmelledthedirt.(Para.30)2)(liter.)territoryHewasbornonIrishsoil.Dirt:earthorsoil,esp.whenlooseEarth:soilanddirt,asdistinguishedfromrockandsandClean:adj.(here)tobedevoidofweed6.“ThisisthecleanestpatchI’veeverseen,”Iexclaimed.(Para.34)Three-scoreyearsandten:thespanofalife.Inthedaysthatthiswascoinedthatwasconsideredtobeseventyyears.7.Now,I’vereachedtheyearstheGoodBookallowstoaman.Three-scoreyearsandten!(Para.35)Origin:threescoreusedtobeusedforsixty,inthewaythatwestilluseadozenfortwelve,and(occasionally)scorefortwenty.Ithaslongsincediedoutinthatusagebutisstillrememberedinthisphrase.Threescoregoesbacktoatleast1388,asinthisfromJohnWyclif'sBible,Leviticus12,atthatdate:"Threscoorandsixedaies."8.ThatwaswhenIwassixyearsoldandtheybroughtmetothefieldtothin

corn.(Para.39)1)Herethin=thinout:tomakeorbecomelessdenseorcrowed.tothinoutseedlings(=removeafewtoimprovethegrowthoftherest)Imustthinouttheturnips–theyaremuchtooclosetogether.2)Corn(BrEmaize):acerealplantwithtallstalksbearingkernelsonears.Totakelifeeasy:toavoidhardworkorworry;haveaneasytime,liveincomfortSeveralsimilarphrasesarealsoused,e.g.takethingseasy,takeiteasy,etc.ThedoctorsaidthatBobwouldhavetotakethingseasyforawhileafterhehadhistonsilsout.(Hewouldhavetorestandnotworkorplay.)Barbaralikestotakeiteasy.(Shedoesn’tliketowordhardandislazy.)9....thedoctorstoldmetositstillandtotakelifeeasy.(Para.41)1．Theyareleadingahappylife.他們現(xiàn)在過(guò)著幸福的生活。Hewasthelatepresident’salteregoandheisacloseandinfluentialfriendofthepresidenttobeinoffice.他過(guò)去是已故總統(tǒng)的化身，而現(xiàn)在是即將就職的總統(tǒng)親密而有影響的朋友。Sincetheindustrialrevolutionbeganthephysicalsciencehasingeneralbeenintheforefrontofthescientificmovement.自從工業(yè)革命開(kāi)始以來(lái)，物理學(xué)總的說(shuō)來(lái)一直處于科學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)的前列。（時(shí)態(tài)）．Thenthewholecourseofmylifemighthavebeendifferent.如果真是那樣的話(huà)，我的生命路程也許是另一番景象。（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）Hadweknownitintime,wewouldhavepreventedtheaccident.

要是我們及時(shí)知道那件事，事故本來(lái)是可以防止的。（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）Afterwatchingforyears,hediscoveredimportantphenomena.觀(guān)察了數(shù)年之后他發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多重要現(xiàn)象。（數(shù)）三、重復(fù)譯法重復(fù)也屬于增詞。翻譯和寫(xiě)作一樣。本應(yīng)力求簡(jiǎn)練，盡量省略一些可有可無(wú)的詞；有時(shí)為了明確、強(qiáng)調(diào)或生動(dòng)，卻往往需要將一些關(guān)鍵性的詞加以重復(fù)。例如：（一）為了明確重復(fù)1.Letusreviseoursafetyandsanitaryregulations.讓我們來(lái)修訂安全規(guī)則和衛(wèi)生規(guī)則吧。2.Theybegantostudyandanalyzethesituationoftheenemy.他們開(kāi)始研究敵情，分析敵情。3.Hebecameanoilbaron---allbyhimself.他成為一個(gè)石油大王，---一個(gè)白手起家的石油大王。4.Thishasbeenourposition---butnottheirs.這一直是我們的立場(chǎng)，而不是他們的立場(chǎng)。5．Thedoctorwillgetmorepracticeoutofmethanoutofseventeenhundredordinarypatients.醫(yī)生從我身上得到的實(shí)踐，會(huì)比從一千七百個(gè)普通病人身上得到的實(shí)踐還多。（二）為了強(qiáng)調(diào)重復(fù)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，英語(yǔ)句子中往往重復(fù)關(guān)鍵性的詞，以使讀者留下深刻印象，英譯漢時(shí)往往可以采用同樣的重復(fù)手段。英語(yǔ)原文中有詞的重復(fù)，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)可以保持同樣的詞的重復(fù)。1.Hewanderedaboutinthechillrain,thinkingandthinking,broodingandbrooding.他在凄雨中蕩來(lái)蕩去，想了又想，盤(pán)算了盤(pán)算。2.Gentlemenmanycrypeace,peace---butthereisnopeace.先生們盡管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然沒(méi)有和平。3.Bloodmustatoneforblood.

血債要用血來(lái)還。4.Theywouldreadandre-readthesecretnotes.他們往往一遍又一遍反復(fù)琢磨這些密件。（三）為了生動(dòng)重復(fù)英語(yǔ)原文中即使沒(méi)有詞的重復(fù)，翻譯時(shí)為了使譯文生動(dòng)，有時(shí)也可以采用各種重復(fù)手段。1．運(yùn)用兩個(gè)四字詞組成或四字對(duì)偶詞組。漢語(yǔ)中有大量四字詞組，這是漢語(yǔ)的一在特點(diǎn)。四字詞組比較精煉，念起來(lái)順口，有節(jié)奏感，如運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)，可使文字生動(dòng)活潑，增強(qiáng)修辭效果。Buttherehadbeentoomuchpublicityaboutmycase.但我的事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)搞得滿(mǎn)城風(fēng)雨，人人皆知了。Ifthiswasatimeoftriumphforthemany,itwasapainfulperiodforthefew.多數(shù)人興高采烈之日，卻是少數(shù)人傷心失意之時(shí)。greatcontributions豐功偉績(jī)gratitude感恩戴德ingratitude忘恩負(fù)義prosperity繁榮昌盛arrogance驕傲自大careless粗心大意inchaos烏煙瘴氣streetgossip街談巷議rumor流言蜚語(yǔ)2．運(yùn)用詞的重疊詞的重疊是漢語(yǔ)中常用的一種手段。英譯漢時(shí)，可適當(dāng)采用詞的重疊，特別是四字重疊詞組，使譯文生動(dòng)活潑，通順達(dá)意。Ihadbeencompletelyhonestinmyreplies,withholdingnothing.我的回答完全是坦坦蕩蕩，（直言無(wú)隱），不藏不掖。Hischildren,too,wereasraggedandwildasiftheybelongedtonobody.他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破爛爛，粗野不堪，就象沒(méi)有父母似的。Withhistardiness,carelessandappallinggoodtemper,wehadnothingtodowithhim.他老是磨磨蹭蹭，馬馬虎虎，脾氣又好得驚人，我們都對(duì)他毫無(wú)辦法。Step3Exerciseinclass.

PutthefollowingintoChinese,payingspecialattentiontotheamplificationintranslation.1.Wehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.我們必須分析問(wèn)題，解決問(wèn)題。2.Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardiness,affectionweakness,thriftavarice.勇之過(guò)度則蠻，愛(ài)之過(guò)度則為寵，儉之過(guò)度則為貪。（原文省略了定語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)補(bǔ)上）3.Theletter“I”representsI,“O”owe,and“U”you.字母I代表“我”，O代表“欠”，U代表“你”。（將省略的動(dòng)詞譯出來(lái)）4.Allbodiesconsistsofmoleculesandtheseofatoms.所有物體都由分了組成，而分子則由原子組成。（原文中第二個(gè)of前省略了，并用these代替，漢譯時(shí)補(bǔ)上了動(dòng)詞，還原了代詞。）5.Wehavefulfilledourworkaheadofschedule,sohavethey.

我們提前完成了我們的工作，他們也提前完成了他們的工作。（省略句型中省略的部分漢譯時(shí)要譯出來(lái)）6.Hehadmetwithgreatdifficultiesinwritinghistermpaper.他在寫(xiě)學(xué)期論文時(shí)，遇到了重重困難。（英語(yǔ)中并無(wú)重復(fù)，但在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，合理使用重復(fù)這一修辭手段，卻能更準(zhǔn)確、更生動(dòng)地表達(dá)原意。）7.Rainorshine,I’llgothere.雨也罷，晴也罷，我都要去那。（使譯文生動(dòng)流暢）。8.IfyougotoBeijing,don’tforgettoseemyyoungerbrother.你要是去北京的話(huà)，別忘了去看一看我弟弟。9.MayIextendmyheartiestcongratulationstothegreatChinesepeopleanditsCommunistParty,throughyou,fortheglowingsuccessofyourtremendousrevolution,whichisnowinspiringtheworld.讓我通過(guò)您最忠心地祝賀偉大的中國(guó)人民及其共產(chǎn)黨，祝賀你們的巨大革命的輝煌勝利，這個(gè)勝利正在鼓舞著全世界。10.