浙江省杭州地區(qū)(含周邊)重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期11月期中英語試題 含解析

絕密★考試結(jié)束前2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中杭州地區(qū)（含周邊）重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高二年級(jí)英語學(xué)科試題考生須知：1.本卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘；2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級(jí)、姓名、考場號(hào)、座位號(hào)及準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字。3.所有答案必須寫在答題卷上，寫在試卷上無效；4.考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題卷。第I卷第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)：（共5小題每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whenwillthemeetingstart?A.At9:10.B.At9:20.C.At9:25.2.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Tolearnaboutapolicy.B.Tocancelanappointment.C.Toaskaboutamedicalbill.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Awebpage.B.Acomputerproblem.C.Adownloadedfile.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atanairport.B.Inadeliverycompany.C.Atahotel5.WhatdothespeakersthinkofJoel?A.Heisorganized.B.Heisunreliable.C.Heissilent.第二節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthemanrespondtothewoman’srequest?A.Confusedly.B.Impolitely.C.Patiently.7.Whatwillthemandonext?A.PayfortheparkingB.Comebackhome.C.Deliverapackage.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatfielddothespeakersworkin?A.Publishing.B.Education.C.Informationtechnology.9.WhatisthemainreasonforchoosingReiko’sstory?A.It’swellstructured.B.ItcanattractmorepeopleC.Ithasaneducationaltheme.聽第7段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.ShehastakenSpanishclasses.B.ShehasbeentoSpainmanytimes.C.ShehaslearnedSpainforwork.11.Howlongwillthecourselast?A.Aboutonemonth.B.Abouttwomonths.C.Aboutthreemonths.12.Whydoesthemanadvisethewomantoregisterearly?A.Thenumberofplacesisdecreased.B.Theregisteringtimeislimited.C.Theclassesareverypopular.13.Whatdoesthewomanrequestintheend?A.Alistofthetextbooks.B.Athinbookonthecourses.C.Awaytocontactthecenter.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatisprobablythewoman?A.Anarchitect.B.Ateacher.C.Aneditor.15.WhatinspiredAndytopursuehiscareer?A.Hisdesiretodevelopattractivespaces.B.Hisaimofpromotinggreenerlifestyles.C.Hisfamilytraditioninthisfield.16.WhatismentionedasahighlightofAndy’scareer?A.Completingaprojectaheadofschedule.B.WorkingonalandmarkbuildingC.Startinghisownbusiness.17.WhatdoesAndyvaluemostaboutworkinginconstruction?A.Stayingupdatedontechnology.B.Keepingcuriousandcreative.C.Promotingteamwork.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Recommendinganorganization.B.Introducingaprofession.C.Presentingaguest.19.WhatdoesDanielCarlin’scurrentjobinvolve?A.Studyingadvancedmedicaltechnology.B.Establishingsomenewclinics.C.Offeringremoteconsultations.20.Whatisthelong-termgoalofCarlin’sclinic?A.Toaidmedicalstaffindevelopingnations.B.TogivemedicaltreatmenttoAmericansabroad.C.Toprovidefreemedicaltreatmentforneedyareas.第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AUsefulstudytoolsTheInternethastransformedallaspectsofourlives,includinghowwestudy.Itgivesusaccesstonumerousresourcesandeducationforpeoplewhoneedhelpinaccessingitinphysicalmodes.KhanAcademyKhanAcademyisanonlinestudytoolthatoffersawiderangeofcoursestaughtbyexperts.Youcanusetheapptolearnnewskills,brushuponexistingones,prepareforatestandmore.Italsoletsyoutrackyourprogressandlearnatyourownpace.What’sbetteristhatitisentirelyfree.OuizletOuizletoffersmanyhelpfulonlinestudytoolsthatmakeitessentialtostudents’lives.Frominteractiveflashcardstocomprehensivestudyresources,itmakeseducationandlearningfun.Ithasover250millionpre-madestudysets.Youcanalsocreateandshareyourflashcardswithothersforbettercooperation.Thepriceis$6permonth,andyoucangetafree7-daytrialontheannualplan.HippoCampusHippoCampusisafreeonlinestudytoolthatimprovesyourlearningwithvideos,animations,courseoutlinesandotherlearningresources.Thesetoolsmakeitincrediblyusefulforvisuallearners.Youcanuseitfor13subjects,includingnaturalscience,Englishandmath,etc.DuolingoIfyouarealanguagestudent,Duolingoisamust-havestudytool.Quick,bite-sizedlessonsandpersonalizedlearningcanmakelanguagelearningfunandinteractive.Butthat’snotallDuolingocanteachItcanalsohelpyoulearnphonicsandmathlessons.Thebestpartisthatthebasicversioniscompletelyfree.TheSuperDuolingois$6.99permonthandtheDuolingoBusinessis$49.99peryear.1.WhatdoKhanAcademyandHippoCampushaveincommon?A.Beingavailableatnocost. B.Enablingprogresstracking.C.Offeringaccessto250studysets. D.Makingfinalpreparationsfortests.2.WhatisspecialaboutOuizlet?A.Itcovers13subjects. B.Itspecializesinstudents’lives.C.Itisdesignedformathlearners. D.Itallowscooperativelearning.3.Whichtoolisthebestchoiceforalanguagelearner?A.Ouizlet. B.Duolingo. C.HippoCampus. D.KhanAcademy.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹一些網(wǎng)上有用的學(xué)習(xí)工具。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由KhanAcademy中“What’sbetteristhatitisentirelyfree.(更好的是它是完全免費(fèi)的。)”和HippoCampus中“HippoCampusisafreeonlinestudytoolthatimprovesyourlearningwithvideos,animations,courseoutlinesandotherlearningresources.(HippoCampus是一個(gè)免費(fèi)的在線學(xué)習(xí)工具，通過視頻、動(dòng)畫、課程大綱和其他學(xué)習(xí)資源來提高你的學(xué)習(xí)效果。)”可知，KhanAcademy和HippoCampus都是免費(fèi)提供。故選A項(xiàng)。2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Ouizlet中“Youcanalsocreateandshareyourflashcardswithothersforbettercooperation.(您還可以創(chuàng)建抽認(rèn)卡并與他人分享，以便更好地合作。)”和其他三個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)工具可知，Ouizlet是允許合作學(xué)習(xí)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Duolingo中“Ifyouarealanguagestudent,Duolingoisamust-havestudytool.(如果你是一名語言學(xué)生，Duolingo是一個(gè)必備的學(xué)習(xí)工具。)”可知，Duolingo是語言學(xué)習(xí)者的最佳選擇。故選B項(xiàng)。BIwassittinginthepassengerseatofapickuptruck.MynewfriendSherry,wasdrivingmeintoatowntoresupplyinexchangeforstoriesandcuriosities.Sheaskedme,“Aren’tyouscaredoutthere,ayounggirl,alone,inthewoods?”Irepliedcalmly,“I’mabsolutelyterrified.”O(jiān)verthecourseofmyhike,I’vefoundthatthephysicalstrengthofhikingthousandsofmilescanbeimpressivetosomepeople.Buttomostpeople,therealquestionssurroundourmentalcourageandhowweovercomefearsandfrustrations.Hikingisaphysicalactivitythatnearlyanyonecoulddo.Thru-hikingistohikewhileacceptingthephysical,mentalandenvironmentalfrustrations.Thru-hikingisasportofcourageandperseverance.ThechallengesIhavemetthroughoutmytimeontheAppalachianTrailcouldbeseenonthesurfaceasphysicalillness.Frominjuredanklestovirusinfection,manyofmyfrustrationswerecausedbymisstepsandbadtiming.It’seasytoenjoyahikeonacool,sunnydaywhentheweathercooperatesandyourbodyflowswiththetrail.However,thru-hikingmorecommonlyinvolveshikinginweatherthatcancausesweatingandsorefeetthathavelastedformonths.WhenIapproachedthetrail,IthoughtprovinghowstrongIcouldbephysicallywouldscareawaytheproblemspartofmedidn’twanttodealwith.ButitwasonthetrailthatIcamefacetofacewithmypersonalproblemsandinsecurities.Despiteitsincredibleabilitytoconnectus,socialmediacanalsogivefalseimpressionsofday-to-daylifeouthere.Somepeoplemayseemyownsocialfeedsandthinkhikingisallaboutviewsandwildlife.Whattheworlddoesn’tseeisthatmyanxietyledmetoquestionwhetherI’mfitforthislifestyle.SometimesmydepressionmademewonderwhetheralloftheeffortIputinwasenough.Sometimesseeminglysimpletaskscanleadtopanicattacks.4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’shikeontheAppalachianTrail?A.Shemadealotoffriends. B.Sheworkedoutagoodplanforit.C.Sheenjoyedamomentofpeacethere. D.Shefacedphysicalandmentalchallenges.5.Howdidtheauthorfeelonthetrail?A.Terrified. B.Helpless C.Confident. D.Proud.6.Whatistheauthor’sviewonsocialmedia?A.Itusuallytellsonlypartofthetruth. B.Itrevealsserioussocialproblems.C.Itmostlycoversimportantevents. D.Itisfilledwithfalseinformation.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Topromoteaspiritualjourney. B.Tocomparedifferenthikingtrails.C.TointroducetheAppalachianTrail. D.Toshareherreflectiononhiking.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在阿巴拉契亞步道徒步旅行中的經(jīng)歷，包括面對(duì)的身體與心理挑戰(zhàn)，以及對(duì)生活的深刻反思?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Overthecourseofmyhike,I’vefoundthatthephysicalstrengthofhikingthousandsofmilescanbeimpressivetosomepeople.Buttomostpeople,therealquestionssurroundourmentalcourageandhowweovercomefearsandfrustrations.(在我的徒步旅行過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)徒步數(shù)千英里的體力可以讓人印象深刻。但對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來說，真正的問題圍繞著我們的精神勇氣，以及我們?nèi)绾慰朔謶趾痛煺?”可知，作者在徒步過程中遇到了身體和心理上的挑戰(zhàn)。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章文章第一段“Irepliedcalmly,“I’mabsolutelyterrified.”(我平靜地回答說：“我非常害怕”)”及第五段“WhenIapproachedthetrail,IthoughtprovinghowstrongIcouldbephysicallywouldscareawaytheproblemspartofmedidn’twanttodealwith.ButitwasonthetrailthatIcamefacetofacewithmypersonalproblemsandinsecurities.(當(dāng)我接近這條小徑時(shí)，我以為證明自己有多強(qiáng)壯會(huì)嚇跑我內(nèi)心不想面對(duì)的問題。但在小徑上，我直面了自己的個(gè)人問題和不安全感)”可知，作者想用身體的強(qiáng)大以嚇跑不敢面對(duì)的問題，但事實(shí)上并沒有，作者沒有安全感，感到害怕。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Despiteitsincredibleabilitytoconnectus,socialmediacanalsogivefalseimpressionsofday-to-daylifeouthere.Somepeoplemayseemyownsocialfeedsandthinkhikingisallaboutviewsandwildlife.Whattheworlddoesn’tseeisthatmyanxietyledmetoquestionwhetherI’mfitforthislifestyle.(盡管社交媒體有令人難以置信的能力將我們聯(lián)系在一起，但它也會(huì)給日常生活的外貌帶來虛假的印象。有些人可能會(huì)看到我自己的社交動(dòng)態(tài)，認(rèn)為徒步只是關(guān)于風(fēng)景和野生動(dòng)物。但世界看不到的是，我的焦慮使我質(zhì)疑自己是否適合這種生活方式)”可知，作者認(rèn)為社交媒體上展示的內(nèi)容并不全面，它通常只講述了部分真相。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文及文章第三段“Hikingisaphysicalactivitythatnearlyanyonecoulddo.Thru-hikingistohikewhileacceptingthephysical,mentalandenvironmentalfrustrations.Thru-hikingisasportofcourageandperseverance.(徒步是一種幾乎任何人都能進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。穿越徒步是指在徒步時(shí)接受身體、心理和環(huán)境帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。穿越徒步是一項(xiàng)勇氣和毅力的運(yùn)動(dòng))”及最后一段“SometimesmydepressionmademewonderwhetheralloftheeffortIputinwasenough.Sometimesseeminglysimpletaskscanleadtopanicattacks.(有時(shí)，我的抑郁讓我懷疑我所付出的所有努力是否足夠。有時(shí)候，看似簡單的任務(wù)會(huì)導(dǎo)致恐慌發(fā)作)”可知，在文中作者分享了自己在阿巴拉契亞步道徒步的經(jīng)歷，包括遇到的身體與心理挑戰(zhàn)，以及對(duì)社交媒體的看法等，旨在分享她對(duì)于徒步旅行的個(gè)人反思。故選D。CWhatmakesagoodlife?Philosophershaveofferedtwoclassicanswerstothequestion,capturedbytwodifferentGreekwordsforhappiness,hedoniaandeudaimonia.Ahedoniclifeisfreefrompainandfullofeverydaypleasure.Aeudaemoniclifeisavirtuous(高潔的)andpurposefulone,fullofmeaning.Butinanewstudy,philosopherLorraineBesserofMiddleburyCollegeandpsychologistShigehiroOishioftheUniversityofVirginiaarguethatthereisathirdimportantelementofagoodlife,whichtheycall“psychologicalrichness”.Accordingtothisview,agoodlifeisonethatisinteresting,variedandsurprising-evenifsomeofthosesurprisesaren’tnecessarilypleasantones.Infact,thethingsthatmakealifepsychologicallyrichmayactuallymakeitlesshappyintheordinarysense.Ahappylifecanbeboring,butapsychologicallyrichlifeisn’t.Adventures,explorationsandcrisesmaybepainful,butatleasttheyaresurprising.Apsychologicallyrichlifemaybelesseudaemonic.Thoseunexpectedturnsmayleadyoutostayawayfromyouroriginalpurposeandactinwaysthatarelessvirtuous.ProfessorsBesserandOishimakethecaseforapsychologicallyrichlifeinapaperthathasjustappearedinthejournalPhilosophicalPsychology.Butisthisalifethatmostpeoplewouldactuallywant,orisitjustforthesortofpeoplewhowritephilosophyarticles?Tofindout,theprofessorsandtheircolleaguesdidastudyinvolvingmorethan3,000peopleinninecountries.Theresearchersgaveparticipantsalistof15descriptivewordssuchas“pleasant”,“meaningful”and“interesting”,andaskedwhichbestdescribedagoodlife.Whentheyanalyzedtheresponses,ProfessorsBesserandOishifoundthatpeopleindeedthoughtthatahappyandmeaningfullifewasagoodlife.Buttheyalsothoughtapsychologicallyrichlifewasimportant.Infact,acrossdifferentcultures,about10-15%ofpeoplesaidthatiftheywereforcedtochoose,theywouldgoforapsychologicallyrichlifeoverahappyormeaningfulone.Inthesecondstudy,theresearchersposedthequestioninadifferentway.Insteadofaskingpeoplewhatkindoflifetheywouldchoose,theyaskedwhattheyregrettedaboutthelifetheyhadactuallyled.Didtheyregretdecisionsthatmadetheirliveslesshappyorlessmeaningful?Ordidtheyregretpassingupachanceforinterestingandsurprisingexperiences?Iftheycouldundoonedecision,whatwoulditbe?Theresearchersfoundthatwhenpeoplethoughtabouttheirregrets,theywereevenmorelikelytovaluepsychologicalrichness.8.Accordingtothetext,apsychologicallyrichlife____________.A.meansapleasantone B.undervalueslifegoalsC.isanythingbutboring D.isfullofunhappiness9.WhydidBesserandOishidothestudiesinparagraphs6and7?A.Tosearchforevidencefortheirarticles. B.Tofindgoodwaystoreflectonone’slife.C.Todigdeepintothemeaningofagoodlife. D.Totesttheirideaaboutagoodlifeonthepublic.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“undo”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Announce. B.Erase. C.Uphold. D.Judge.11.Whatcouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.Twostudiesonpsychologicalhealth B.Don’tletregretsruinyourlifeC.Variousopinionsonahappylife D.Agoodlifeunnecessarilymeansahappyone【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹Besser和Oishi教授提出的心理豐富的生活理論，即一個(gè)心理豐富的生活并不意味著是一個(gè)快樂的生活?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段“Ahappylifecanbeboring,butapsychologicallyrichlifeisn’t.Adventures,explorationsandcrisesmaybepainful,butatleasttheyaresurprising.(幸福的生活可能很無聊，但心理豐富的生活卻不是。冒險(xiǎn)、探索和危機(jī)可能是痛苦的，但至少是令人驚訝的。)”可知，心理豐富的生活絕不無聊。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第五段“ProfessorsBesserandOishimakethecaseforapsychologicallyrichlifeinapaperthathasjustappearedinthejournalPhilosophicalPsychology.Butisthisalifethatmostpeoplewouldactuallywant,orisitjustforthesortofpeoplewhowritephilosophyarticles?(Besser和Oishi教授在剛剛發(fā)表在《哲學(xué)心理學(xué)》雜志上的一篇論文中闡述了心理豐富的生活。但這是大多數(shù)人真正想要的生活，還是只適合寫哲學(xué)文章的人？)”以及第六段“Tofindout,theprofessorsandtheircolleaguesdidastudyinvolvingmorethan3,000peopleinninecountries.(為了找到答案，教授和他們的同事進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)涉及9個(gè)國家3000多人的研究。)”可知，Besser和Oishi教授做這些研究是為了在公眾面前檢驗(yàn)他們對(duì)美好生活的看法。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。由最后一段“Insteadofaskingpeoplewhatkindoflifetheywouldchoose,theyaskedwhattheyregrettedaboutthelifetheyhadactuallyled.Didtheyregretdecisionsthatmadetheirliveslesshappyorlessmeaningful?Ordidtheyregretpassingupachanceforinterestingandsurprisingexperiences?(他們沒有問人們會(huì)選擇什么樣的生活，而是問他們對(duì)自己實(shí)際過的生活有什么遺憾。他們是否后悔那些讓他們的生活不那么幸福或沒有意義的決定？還是他們后悔錯(cuò)過了一次有趣而令人驚訝的經(jīng)歷？)”可知，這里主要調(diào)查大家后悔的事情，所以后文假設(shè)如果可以刪除一個(gè)后悔的決定，他們會(huì)怎么選哪一個(gè)，所以猜測劃線單詞表示“刪除，移除”的意思。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第三段“Accordingtothisview,agoodlifeisonethatisinteresting,variedandsurprising-evenifsomeofthosesurprisesaren’tnecessarilypleasantones.Infact,thethingsthatmakealifepsychologicallyrichmayactuallymakeitlesshappyintheordinarysense.(根據(jù)這一觀點(diǎn)，美好的生活是有趣、多樣和令人驚訝的，即使其中一些驚喜不一定是令人愉快的。事實(shí)上，讓生活在心理上豐富的東西實(shí)際上可能會(huì)讓它在普通意義上不那么快樂。)”以及第四段“Ahappylifecanbeboring,butapsychologicallyrichlifeisn’t.Adventures,explorationsandcrisesmaybepainful,butatleasttheyaresurprising.Apsychologicallyrichlifemaybelesseudaemonic.Thoseunexpectedturnsmayleadyoutostayawayfromyouroriginalpurposeandactinwaysthatarelessvirtuous.(幸福的生活可能很無聊，但心理豐富的生活卻不是。冒險(xiǎn)、探索和危機(jī)可能是痛苦的，但至少是令人驚訝的。心理豐富的生活可能不那么幸福。這些意想不到的轉(zhuǎn)變可能會(huì)讓你偏離最初的目的，以不那么道德的方式行事。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要介紹Besser和Oishi教授提出的心理豐富的生活理論，即一個(gè)心理豐富的生活并不意味著是一個(gè)快樂的生活。故選D項(xiàng)。DResearchhasshownthatpeoplerecallinformationbetterinthelongtermwhentheyreturntothatmaterialovertime,ratherthantryingtorapidlymemorizeeverythinginaback-to-backmanner.Thisiscalled“spacingeffect”.Yet,theenvironmentsinwhichwelearnnewthingsaredifferent.Imagineyoumeetanewco-worker.Thenexttimeyouencountereachothercouldbeinanotherlocationorwithagroupofpeople.Howdoessuchvariabilityimpactthebenefitstomemoryassociatedwiththespacingeffect?Intwoexperiments,weassessedhowwellpeoplecouldrememberpairsofimages:anitemsuchasananimalortool,andascene,suchasafamouslocationorphotographofaroom.Forexample,participantsmightseeagreenmansidebysidewithaphotographoftheEiffelTower.Ourparticipantsobservedmorethan40suchpairingsduringtheirlearningsessions.Tocreateamixofstableandvariablefeatures,thepairingswereeitherpresentedidentically,withthesameitemandscenealwaysshowntogether,ortheitemappearedalongsideanewsceneeachtime.Forinstance,agreenmanmightappearwiththeEiffelToweragainorbesideanotherlandmark.Inthefirstexperiment,theparticipantsengagedinfourlearningsessionseachdayoveraperiodof24days.Wespacedouttheappearanceofrepeateditem-scenepairsfromhourstodays.Onthe25thday,participantstookatesttoseehowwelltheyhadlearnedtheimages.Inoursecondexperiment,wecompressed(壓縮)alllearningintoasinglesessiononjustoneday.Werepeatedthesameandvariablepairseitherback-to-backorwithspacing-butherelearningwasdistributedonlyintheorderofsecondsorminutes.Wefoundthatparticipantsdidabetterjobatrecallingwhetherthey’dencounteredthegreenmanwhenrepetitionsofthatimagehadbeenspacedout.Butpeoplealsoremembereditemsbetterwhenthey’dseenthempairedwithdifferentscenesoneachrepetition,comparedwiththeitemsalwaysshownwiththesamescene.Thatis,thebraincouldusechangetoremembertheisolated,stablefeatureswhilerelyingonconsistency(一致性)totietogethermultipleassociatedfeatures.Overall,peopleusevariabilityandrepetitiontoenhancememoryforvariousaspectsoftheirexperience.12.Whatdoesthestudyinthepassagefocuson?A.Whetherthespacingeffectisbeneficialtoourmemory. B.Themechanismsunderlyingthespacingeffect.C.Thedifferencesofvariouslearningstrategies. D.Howenvironmentsaffectourmemory.13.Whatwasthepurposeofpresentingthepairseitheridenticallyordifferently?A.Toassesstheimpactofvariabilityonmemory.B.Tomeasuretheparticipants’preferenceforspecificscenes.C.Todetermineiffamiliarscenesaremoreeffectiveinlearning.D.Totesttheparticipants’abilitytorecognizefamouslandmarks.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoexperiments?A.Thesecondexperimentwasconductedina24-dayperiod.B.Bothexperimentsusedhourlybreaksinlearningsessions.C.Thefirstgroupofparticipantsrecalledthepairsmorequickly.D.Repetitionswerespacedoversecondsorminutesinthesecondexperiment.15.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthestudy?A.Thebrainisthemostcomplexstructureinthebody.B.Bothspacingandvariabilitycancontributetomemory.C.Enrichedenvironmentsfosterthedevelopmentofmemory.DRapidmemorizationleadstoincreasedproductivityandefficiency【答案】12.D13.A14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章詳細(xì)介紹了兩個(gè)關(guān)于記憶效果影響因素的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)、過程及結(jié)果分析，探討了間隔效應(yīng)和環(huán)境變化性對(duì)記憶的影響。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Researchhasshownthatpeoplerecallinformationbetterinthelongtermwhentheyreturntothatmaterialovertime,ratherthantryingtorapidlymemorizeeverythinginaback-to-backmanner.Thisiscalled“spacingeffect”.Yet,theenvironmentsinwhichwelearnnewthingsaredifferent.Imagineyoumeetanewco-worker.Thenexttimeyouencountereachothercouldbeinanotherlocationorwithagroupofpeople.Howdoessuchvariabilityimpactthebenefitstomemoryassociatedwiththespacingeffect?(研究表明，當(dāng)人們隨著時(shí)間的推移再次接觸學(xué)習(xí)材料，而不是試圖連續(xù)快速地記住所有內(nèi)容時(shí)，他們長期記憶信息的效果會(huì)更好。這被稱為“間隔效應(yīng)”。然而，我們學(xué)習(xí)新事物所處的環(huán)境是不同的。想象一下，你遇到了一位新同事。下次你們相遇可能是在另一個(gè)地點(diǎn)，或者在一群人之中。這種變化性如何影響與間隔效應(yīng)相關(guān)的記憶益處呢？)”可知，文章主要探討了環(huán)境變化性對(duì)記憶的影響，特別是與間隔效應(yīng)相關(guān)的記憶益處。文中通過兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)說明了在記憶過程中，環(huán)境的變化性（如物品與不同場景的配對(duì)）如何影響人們的記憶效果。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Intwoexperiments,weassessedhowwellpeoplecouldrememberpairsofimages:anitemsuchasananimalortool,andascene,suchasafamouslocationorphotographofaroom.Forexample,participantsmightseeagreenmansidebysidewithaphotographoftheEiffelTower.Ourparticipantsobservedmorethan40suchpairingsduringtheirlearningsessions.Tocreateamixofstableandvariablefeatures,thepairingswereeitherpresentedidentically,withthesameitemandscenealwaysshowntogether,ortheitemappearedalongsideanewsceneeachtime.(在兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，我們評(píng)估了人們記憶圖像對(duì)（如動(dòng)物或工具等物品與著名地點(diǎn)或房間照片等場景）的能力。例如，參與者可能會(huì)看到綠色的小人旁邊放著一張埃菲爾鐵塔的照片。在學(xué)習(xí)階段，我們的參與者觀察了40多對(duì)這樣的配對(duì)。為了創(chuàng)造穩(wěn)定與可變特征的混合，這些配對(duì)要么以相同的方式呈現(xiàn)，即相同的物品和場景總是一起出現(xiàn)，要么每次物品旁邊都會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)新的場景。)”可知，文章提到，為了創(chuàng)造穩(wěn)定與可變特征的混合，配對(duì)可以以相同的方式呈現(xiàn)（即相同的物品和場景總是一起出現(xiàn)），也可以每次物品旁邊都出現(xiàn)一個(gè)新的場景。這樣做的目的是為了評(píng)估變化性（即每次重復(fù)時(shí)物品與不同場景的配對(duì)）對(duì)記憶的影響。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Inoursecondexperiment,wecompressed(壓縮)alllearningintoasinglesessiononjustoneday.Werepeatedthesameandvariablepairseitherback-to-backorwithspacing-butherelearningwasdistributedonlyintheorderofsecondsorminutes.(在我們的第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，我們將所有的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容壓縮到僅一天的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)階段中。我們連續(xù)或間隔地重復(fù)了相同和不同的配對(duì)，但在這里，學(xué)習(xí)只在幾秒或幾分鐘的順序內(nèi)進(jìn)行。)”可知，第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中重復(fù)內(nèi)容的時(shí)間間隔是幾秒或幾分鐘。故選D。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thatis,thebraincouldusechangetoremembertheisolated,stablefeatureswhilerelyingonconsistency(一致性)totietogethermultipleassociatedfeatures.Overall,peopleusevariabilityandrepetitiontoenhancememoryforvariousaspectsoftheirexperience.(也就是說，大腦可以利用變化來記憶孤立的、穩(wěn)定的特征，同時(shí)依靠一致性將多個(gè)相關(guān)特征聯(lián)系在一起?？偟膩碚f，人們利用變化性和重復(fù)性來增強(qiáng)對(duì)經(jīng)歷中各個(gè)方面的記憶。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章中提到兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果都支持了間隔效應(yīng)（spacingeffect）和環(huán)境變化性（variability）對(duì)記憶的積極影響。第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，間隔重復(fù)和在不同場景中呈現(xiàn)物品可以增強(qiáng)記憶。第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)也顯示，即使在較短的時(shí)間間隔內(nèi)，間隔和變化性也有助于記憶。因此，可以得出結(jié)論，間隔和變化性都是提高記憶效果的重要因素。故選B。第二節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manypeopleseekemergencycareforinjuriesresultingfrom“movingwrong”duringeverydaytaskslikeliftingobjectsordoinghouseholdchores.___16___Inourinactivelifestyles,weoftenignoretheimportanceofmovingregularly.Thelesswemove,themorelikelywearetomoveinawayourbodyisunfamiliarwith,thusresultingininjuries.Sowhynottakethefollowingstrategiestomaketherightmoves?___17___Whenyoureachforsomething,youpushyourarmforward.Toopenadoor,yougraspthehandleandpullback.Byperformingbodyweightmovementswithagoodform,youdevelopastrongfoundationforsafeandefficientmovementinallaspectsoflife.Trainforbetterbalance.Exercisesthatfocusononesideofthebodyatatimecanenhancecoordination(協(xié)調(diào)性)andstability.Soincludesomeformofunilateral(單側(cè))balanceexercisesintoallyourworkouts.Ithelpsyoubetteradaptroughgroundandsuddenchangesindirection.___18___Includestrengthtraininginyourworkouts.Regularstrengthtrainingbuildsmorethanmuscleandincreasesbonedensity(密度)andjointstability.___19___Youcanaddresistanceexercisestargetingdifferentmusclegroups.Then,you’llenjoysafeandeffectivestrengthdevelopment.Strengthenyourmind-bodyconnection.___20___Thishelpsyoustayconnectedtoyourbody’sexperiencesothatyoucanfocusonthepropermovements.Progressivemusclerelaxationisagreatexercisefordevelopingyourmind-bodyconnection.Practiceitseveraltimesperweek.A.Sohowdowrongmovescomeabout?B.Practicemovinginallplanesofmotion.C.SodostrengthtrainingtwoormoredaysperweekD.Asaresult,you’llhavethelowerriskoffallsandinjuries.E.Considerthemovementsrequiredtofunctionduringdailylife.F.Whileexercising,youfocusonyourbreathandwhatyou’refeelingG.Allthesemovementsputunnecessarystressonyourmusclesandjoints.【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.C20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何保證日常的行為正確，從而避免因“行為不當(dāng)”而造成的受傷。【16題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Inourinactivelifestyles,weoftenignoretheimportanceofmovingregularly.Thelesswemove,themorelikelywearetomoveinawayourbodyisunfamiliarwith,thusresultingininjuries.(在我們不活躍的生活方式中，我們經(jīng)常忽視定期運(yùn)動(dòng)的重要性，我們運(yùn)動(dòng)得越少，我們越可能以身體不熟悉的方式移動(dòng)，從而導(dǎo)致受傷。)”可知，后文提到了我們在日常生活中經(jīng)常因?yàn)椴欢ㄆ阱憻?，以身體不熟悉的方式移動(dòng)身體，從而導(dǎo)致受傷，故A項(xiàng)“那么，錯(cuò)誤的舉動(dòng)是如何產(chǎn)生的呢？”符合語境，本空提出問題，空后回答問題。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Whenyoureachforsomething,youpushyourarmforward.Toopenadoor,yougraspthehandleandpullback.Byperformingbodyweightmovementswithagoodform,youdevelopastrongfoundationforsafeandefficientmovementinallaspectsoflife.(當(dāng)你伸手去拿東西時(shí)，你的手臂會(huì)先前推。要開門時(shí)，你會(huì)抓住手柄往后拉。通過以良好的方式進(jìn)行較重的體力活，你就為生活各個(gè)方面的安全高效的運(yùn)動(dòng)打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。)”可知，本段主要介紹了在平時(shí)的行為中，應(yīng)該如何保證動(dòng)作的正確性，故E項(xiàng)“考慮日常生活中所需的運(yùn)動(dòng)”符合本段主旨。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Soincludesomeformofunilateral(單側(cè)的)balanceexercisesintoallyourworkouts.Ithelpsyoubetteradaptroughgroundandsuddenchangesindirection.(因此在鍛煉中加入某種形式的單側(cè)平衡練習(xí)。這能幫助你更好的適應(yīng)崎嶇的地面和突然的方向改變。)”可知，D項(xiàng)“因此，你跌倒和受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會(huì)降低?！笔乔拔牡捻樍x承接，與前文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，在鍛煉中加入單側(cè)平衡練習(xí)，能幫助你更好的適應(yīng)入崎嶇的地面和突然的方向改變，因此你跌倒和受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會(huì)降低。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Regularstrengthtrainingbuildsmorethanmuscleandincreasesbonedensity(密度)andjointstability.(定期的力量訓(xùn)練不僅能增加肌肉，還能提高骨密度和關(guān)節(jié)穩(wěn)定性。)”可知，空前提到定期的力量訓(xùn)練的好處，故C項(xiàng)“因此每周進(jìn)行兩天或兩天以上的力量訓(xùn)練?！狈希c空前構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，且點(diǎn)明本段的主旨“Includestrengthtraininginyourworkouts.(在你的訓(xùn)練中加入力量訓(xùn)練。)”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Strengthenyourmind-bodyconnection.(加強(qiáng)你的身心聯(lián)系。)”可知，空前提到了加強(qiáng)身心聯(lián)系，故F項(xiàng)“鍛煉時(shí)，專注于你的呼吸和你的感受?！狈?，解釋說明空前的加強(qiáng)身心聯(lián)系就是在鍛煉時(shí)專注你的呼吸和感受。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分：語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。OnesunnySundaymorning,parentswerewatchingtheirkidsdragtheirpaddleboards(沖浪板)towardsthesurfclubatthebeach.Asalways,the___21___endedwithanawardspresentation,wherethegroupleaderclaimed,“I’vegotgrandkids,andatmyhouse,there’sarule:Neversay‘Ican’t’;alwayssay‘I’ll___22___’.”Thatday,mysonwonthebraveryaward.Hehadheavilyfallendownonshoreandrunstraighttomywifefor___23___,assix-year-oldsdo.Butafterahug,hegotenough___24___tosurf.Beforetheleader___25___mysonasthewinner,hejoked,“BackwhenIworkedinthecourts,Ihadto___26___people’snames.AndwhenIcouldn’t___27___somebody’ssurname,I’djustcall‘Wheelbarrow’.So,thebraveryawardthisweekgoesto...”Yes.Myson’ssurnameisnot___28___seen,sohejust___29___“Wheelbarrow”.Obviously,the“neversayIcan’t”ruledidn’tapplytopronouncing____30____names.IfeltitwaslikesomethingIwouldhave____31____asasecond-generationAustralianinthe1980s.Butthisisthe2020s.“Excuseme,sir,”mywifesuddenlyspokeup,smilingattheleader.“Themessageyouhavesenttomyboyisthathisnamei