專題17 中國(guó)航天取得輝煌成就-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解時(shí)文爆點(diǎn)專題訓(xùn)練（原卷版）

專題17中國(guó)航天取得輝煌成就備戰(zhàn)2022-2023年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解時(shí)文爆點(diǎn)專題訓(xùn)練A（2022·河北保定·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考）SuperspaceseedsSincehumanssentthefirstsatellite（衛(wèi)星）tospaceinthe1950s,scientistshavebeenstudyinganimportanttopic:howtogrowfoodinspaceifhumanswillonedaylivethere.Arecentexperiment（實(shí)驗(yàn)）attheTiangongspacestationmakesabigstepforward.Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings（幼苗）duringtheShenzhouXIVmission.“Thericeseedlingsaregrowingverywell,”saidZhengHuiqiong,aresearcherfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences.SincethericeexperimentbeganonJuly29,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevariety（高桿水稻品種）havereachedaheightof30centimeters.Theseedlingsofthedwarfricevariety（矮桿水稻品種）havegrownto5centimeters,ChinaDailyreportedonAug30.Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,thisoneisthefirstofitskindtoproducethecompletelifecycleofaplant—itbeginswithaseedandendswithamature（成熟的）plantproducingnewseeds.Suchfood-growingexperimentsarenotjustforastronauts.TheycanalsosolvefoodproblemsonEarth.Bysendingseedstospace,wecancreatemutated（突變的）seeds,thankstomicrogravity（微重力）,lackofairandcosmicrays（宇宙射線）.Theseedscanthenproducehigheryields（產(chǎn)量）onEarth.Formorethan30years,Chinahasdevelopedover260newtypesofseedsinspace.Theyareplantedeveryyearinfieldsthatcovertensofmillionsofhectares（公頃）.AccordingtoYaoTong,anengineerfromHainanAerospaceEngineeringBreedingResearchCenter（海南航天工程育種研發(fā)中心）,30percentofstrawberriessoldinBeijingare“spacestrawberries”,whichareasbigaseggs.Thecenterhasalsoproduced“spacetomatoes”withyieldsincreasedby30percent,and“spacebananas”withagrowthcycle（生長(zhǎng)周期）shortenedfrom13monthsto9months.1．Howhighdidthetallshootricevarietygrowforthefirstmonth?A．5cm. B．25cm. C．30cm. D．35cm.2．Whatdoes“thisone”inParagraph3referto?A．Thedwarfricevariety. B．Thetallshootricevariety.C．ThericeexperimentonShenzhouXIV. D．Thelastriceexperimentinspace.3．Howdoesthecurrentriceexperimentdifferfromotherexperiments?A．Itsseedlingshavesuccessfullycomeup. B．Itgoesthroughacompletelifecycle.C．Itsseedlingsaregrowingverywell. D．Itusescompletelynewricevarieties.4．Whydowegrowfoodinspace?a.Tofeedastronauts.b.Tostudymicrogravity.c.ToincreaseyieldsonEarth.d.Toresearchoncosmicrays.A．a(chǎn)b B．bc C．a(chǎn)c D．bd5．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Spaceplantingisbenefitingus. B．Spaceplantinghasdisadvantages.C．Peoplewillneverrunoutoffood. D．Peopleareafraidoffoodbredinspace.B（2022·安徽合肥·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考）ShortlyaftertheShenzhouXIIIcrew（神舟十三全體組員）returnedtoEarthinApril,thedoorofTiangongspacestationopenedagain!OnJune5,itwelcomedanotherthreeChineseastronauts—ChenDong,LiuYangandCaiXuzhe.ThisisChina’sShenzhouXIVmission,theninthmannedspaceflight（載人航天飛行）forChina,accordingtoChinaDaily.Theastronautswillstay400)kilometersabovetheEarthforsixmonths.DuringtheShenzhouXIIImissiononTiangong,astronautstestedmanykeytechnologies.Thiswastohelptheproper“constructionteam（施工隊(duì)）”,theShenzhouXIVcrew,tocompletethebuildingofTiangong.Thecrewhaveabusyschedule.TheywillworkwithgroundcontrollerstoconnecttheWentianandMengtianspacelabswiththeTianhecoremodule（核心艙）.Wentianwillbelaunched（發(fā)射）inJulyandMengtianinOctober.Astronautswillusearoboticarmtomovethelabstotheirfinalposition.“Therewilllikelybetechnicaluncertaintiesthattheastronautsmayhavetodealwith,”saidPangZhihao,whoworkedattheChinaAcademyofSpaceTechnology.Oncecompleted,thestationwillformaT-shapedstructure.Thecrewwillalsoenterthetwospacelabsforthefirsttime.Theywillinstallequipment（安裝儀器）anddoscientificexperiments.Theywillalsodotwotothreespacewalks.Wecanalsolookforwardtofunlecturesgivenbytheastronauts!Whentheirmissioniscompletedaroundtheendofthisyear,theTiangongspacestationwillbecomefullyoperational.ThecrewwillmeetanotherthreeastronautsfromtheShenzhouXVmission.Thesixastronautswillworktogetherforfiveto10daysinsideTiangong,beforetheShenzhouXIVcrewflybacktoEarthinDecember.TheTiangongspacestationisexpectedtooperateforupto15years,officialssaid,notingthatitwillalsobeopentoforeignastronauts.6．WhatistheShenzhouXIVcrew’smission?A．ToobserveEarthinspaceforsixmonths.B．Topreparefortheninthmannedspaceflight.C．Totestkeytechnologiesandprepareworkforotherteams.D．TocompletethebuildingofTiangong.7．Howwillthetwospacelabsbemovedtotheirfinalposition?A．BythecrewofShenzhouXIIIandShenzhouXIV.B．ByanAIrobotsenttospace.C．Byaroboticarmcontrolledbytheastronauts.D．BygroundcontrollersusingmachinesonEarth.8．WhatdoweknowabouttheTiangongstationaccordingtothepassage?A．ItwilluseEnglishasitsofficiallanguage.B．ItisnowintheshapeofaT.C．ItwillonlybeusedforChineseastronauts.D．Itwillprobablybeusedforabout15years.9．What’stheorderofbeinglaunched?Puttheminthecorrectorder.a.ShenzhouXV

b.Wentianspace.

c.ShenzhouXIVd.Mengtianspace.

e.ShenzhouXIIIA．e-c-b-d-a B．e-c-d-b-a C．e-c-a-b-d D．e-b-c-d-a10．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ReturntoEarthAgainB．BeReadytoBuildaNewSpaceC．FlyBacktoEarthAgainD．ExpecttoWorkforSpaceStationC（2022·山東青島·統(tǒng)考一模）Althoughvisitingouterspaceisstillafardreamforanyonewhoisn’tanastronaut,adaytriptostarsisalreadyopenforpeopletoorder!Anewcompany,SpacePerspective,isplanningtestswithpassengers.Ithasbigplanstorunupto500flightsfromdifferentplacesacrosstheUSAby2024.Ifsuccessful,reachingtheoutersideofspacecouldbeaseasyasflyingabroadinafewyears’time.SpacemenandpassengerswilltravelinNeptune,acapsule(航天艙)tiedtoahugeballoon.Theywillmoveslowlyupwardsrighttothesideofspace,30kmawayfromtheEarth.There,spacetouristswillbeabletolookbackattheEarthandouttodarkspaceandthesightofmillionsofstars.BecausethecapsuleremainswithintheEarth’satmosphere(大氣層),specialclothingortrainingisnotneeded.Itmeansthatolderpeopleorthosewithhealthproblemswillbeincluded.OneproblemmaybethemethodoflandingbackontheEarth.Theballoonmovesbackdownfromspaceuntilitfallsdowninthesea.Passengers,spacemen,thecapsuleandtheballoonarethensentbackbyship.NowNeptunefacescompetitionfromtheStratollite,aballoonbeingdevelopedbyacompanycalledWorldViewEnterprises,whilethesuper-richRichardBranson,JeffBezosandElonMuskareallpouringmoneyintodevelopingbusinessspaceflyingmachines.Theadvantageoftheballoonisthatitwillbecheaperthanaspaceplane.Spacetravelmaysoonbeareality,buthowvisitorsgetthereisstillaveryopenquestion.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flights”inthesecondparagraphmeaninEnglish?A．Activitiesforraisingmoney. B．JourneysinaplaneorspaceshipC．Studiesonspace. D．Spacestations.12．Whydon’tpeopleneedspecialclothingortrainingwhentakingtheflights?A．TheyarewithintheEarth’satmosphere. B．Theyhaveothertoolstohelpthem.C．Theyhaven’tpaidforthetraining. D．Theycanbreathewiththehelpofspacemen.13．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．ThepassengersinNeptune. B．ThereasonforNeptunelandingC．ThewayofNeptunelanding. D．ThepriceoftravellinginNeptune.14．WhatcanweknowfromParagraph5?A．NeptunewillbeatStratolliteinashorttime.B．Spaceplaneswillbecheaperinthefuture.C．WorldViewEnterprisesisthebiggestcompanyintheworld.D．RichardBransonthinksspaceflyingmachineshopeful.15．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Togiveanexample. B．Toletusthinkmore. C．Toshowacreativeidea. D．Togiveusmorechoices.D（2022·廣東廣州·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考）CongratulationstotheChinaNationalSpaceAdministrationonthelaunchofthree“taikonauts”ontheirShenzhou12missiontotheTianhe(HeavenlyHarmony)spacestation.OnJune17th,2021,intheirTweetstocongratulateChinaonthelaunchofthree“taikonauts”ontheirShenzhouⅦmissiontoouterspace,boththeEuropeanSpaceAgencyandRoscosmosusedtheword“taikonauts”.WiththeGreekword“naut”,whichmeanssailor,and“taiko”,theChinesewordforspace,theword“taikonaut”isspecificallyusedforChineseastronauts.Yet“taikonauts”ismorethanjustaword.ItshistoryshowsthatofChina’sspacejourney.Startedin1992,themannedspacecraftengineering(載人航天工程)ofChinawasfarbehindtheUSAandRussiainthebeginning6yearslater,aChineseMalaysian,whouseditfirstinnewsgroups.However,backthenfewpeoplepickeduponit,asChinawasstillratherweakatthattime.Itwasnotuntil2003,whenChinasentYangLiwei,thefirsttaikonautintospacetakingtheShenzhouⅤthatthewordbecamewidelyknown.InhisspeechatPekingUniversityonFriday,Yangtoldstoriesaboutthatandsharedhowmuchisrequiredofthetaikonautstopreparethemfortheirmissions.Since1998,Chinahas34trainedtaikonauts,eachofwhomhaspassedteststhatareusuallyunimaginablydifficult.Accordingtoreports,engineersandscientists,andmustpassalotoftestbeforebecomingarealtaikonaut.Behindthesetaikonautsarehundredsofthousandsofotherworkersthatdotheirjobstogetthetaikonautsintospaceandmakecertainoftheirsafereturn.Itisthegreateffortsofeveryoneinthisprojectthathasmade“taikonauts”fromjustawordonthepaperintothereality,andallofthemshouldsharethehonorofthetaikonauts’tasks.Themeaningsofthewordwillhefurtherdevelopedandwehopemoretaikonautswillappear.16．Whenwastheword“taikonauts”firstused?A．In1992. B．In1998. C．In2003. D．In2021.17．Accordingtothepassage,whyhastheword“taikonauts”becomemoreacceptedsince2003?A．ItshowsChina’shistoryinspacescience.B．34pilotshavepassedthetestandbecomerealtaikonauts.C．PeopleuseittocongratulateChinaonthenewachievement.D．Chinahassuccessfullyorganizedmannedspacecraftengineering.18．Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorder?a.Chinastartedtrainingtaikonauts.b.Chinasuccessfullysentataikonautintospace.c.Chinastartedmannedspacecraftengineering.d.ESAandRoscosmosused“taikonauts”tocongratulateChina.e.TheUSAandRussiagotsuccessinmannedspacecraftengineering.A．c-a-d-e-b B．e-c-a-b-d C．c-d-a-b-e D．e-b-a-d-c19．Wecanfindthispassageina/an________.A．a(chǎn)dvertisement B．travelguide C．sciencemagazine D．surveyreportE（2022·廣西南寧·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考）LongMarch-5rockettookoffunderclearskiesfromHainanIslandonJuly23.Chinasuccessfullylaunched(發(fā)射)itsfirstMarsmissionprobe(航天控測(cè)器)Agreatcheerwentupinthecontrolroomwhentherocketwasflyingnormallyabout45minuteslater.TheMarsmissionprobenamedTianwen-1hasaccuratelyenteredthescheduled(預(yù)定的)orbitandfinallyitwillenterintoMars’orbitaroundthesun.LiuTongie,spokesmanforthemission,saidthatthelaunchwas“akeystepofChinamarchingtowardfartherdeepspace”.HesaidthatChinaisn’tcompetingwithothercountries,buttopeacefullyexploretheuniverse.“It’samazingthatanothernationhaslaunchedaprobeforMars,”saidKatarinaMiljkovic,ascientistatCurtinUniversityinAustralia.“It’smorelikethismarathonofspacethatweallwanttoberunning.”LandingonMarsisverydifficult.OnlytheUShassuccessfullydoneiteighttimessince1976.ThenameTianwen-1comesfromthepoemTianwen,meaning“questionstoheaven”,writtenbyQuYuan(about340BC-278BC),oneofthegreatestpoetsofancientChina.InTianwen,QuYuanraisedquestionsaboutthesky,stars,natureandtheworldaroundus.Itshowshisdoubtsabouttraditionalideasandthespiritoflookingforthetruth.LiketheotherMarsmissionprobes,China’sspacecraft(航天器)willtakesevenmonthstoreachtheredplanet.Tianwen-1willlookforundergroundwaterandsignsofpossibleancientlife.20．Thegreatcheerinthecontrolroommeant________.A．theLongMarch-5rockettookoffB．theMarsmissionprobeentereditsscheduledorbitC．theprobereachedtheredplanetfinallyD．thespokesmanforthemissioncamein21．AccordingtoLiuTongie,China’sspaceaimis________.A．tocompetewiththeUS B．tolookforundergroundwateronMarsC．toexplorethespacepeacefully D．tofindsignsofpossibleancientlifeonMars22．WhatdoesKatarinathinkofChina’sMarsmission?A．Itisaspacemarathon. B．Itisaverydifficultmission.C．TheUShasdoneiteighttimes. D．Itshouldbewidelyadmired.23．Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?A．WhatthepoemTianwenmeans. B．OneofthegreatestpoetsofancientChina.C．HowQuYuanraisedquestionsaboutthesky. D．WhytheMarsmissionprobeisnamedTianwen-1.F（2022·福建福州·?？级＃〢pril19th,2022AFP(法新社)ThreeChineseastronautsaboardtheShenzhou-13spacecraftreturnedtoEarthonSaturdayafter183daysinspace,endingChina’slongestcrewedmission.Livefootage(片段)fromCCTVshowedthecapsule(航天艙)landinginacloudofdust,withgroundcrewwhohadkeptclearofthelandingsiterushinginhelicopterstoreachthecapsule.Thetwomenandonewoman—ZhaiZhigang,YeGuangfuandWangYaping—returnedtoEarthshortlybefore10a.m.Beijingtime(02:00GMT),aftersixmonthsaboardtheTianhecoremoduleofChina’sTiangongspacestation.Thegroundcrewapplaudedastheastronautsreportinturnthattheywereingoodphysicalcondition.Thetrio(三人小組)waslaunchedintheShenzhou-13fromChina’snorthwesternGobiDesertlastOctober,asthesecondoffourcrewedmissionsduring2021-2022senttoassemblethecountry’sfirstpermanentspacestation—Tiangong,whichmeans“heavenlypalace.”WangbecamethefirstChinesewomantospacewalklastNovember,assheandhercolleagueZhaiinstalled(安裝)spacestationequipmentduringasix-hourperiod.MissioncommanderZhai,55,isaformerfighterpilotwhoperformedChina’sfirstspacewalkin2008,whileYeisaPeople’sLiberationArmypilot.Thetriohascompletedtwospacewalks,carriedoutlotsofscientificexperiments,setupequipmentandtestedtechnologiesforfutureconstructionduringtheirtimeinorbit(軌道).Theastronautsspentthepastfewweekstidyingupandpreparingthecabinfacilities(設(shè)備)andequipmentforthecrewoftheincomingShenzhou-14,expectedtobelaunchedinJune.24．TheShenzhou-13spacecraftreturnedtoEarth________.A．lastOctober B．endingtheworld’slongestcrewedmissionC．a(chǎn)fter183daysinspace D．a(chǎn)tChina’snorthwesternGobiDesert25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“applauded”mean?A．到來(lái) B．修理 C．鼓掌 D．休息26．Whatdidthetriododuringtheirtimeinorbit?①carriedoutscientificexperiments

②setupsomeequipment③testedtechnologiesforfutureconstruction

④completedthreespacewalksA．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④27．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．WangYapingisthefirstChinesewomantogointospace.B．YeGuangfuinstalledspacestationequipmentduringtheflight.C．ZhaiZhigangwasaPLApilotwhoperformedChina’ssecondspacewalkin2008.D．ThetrioreturnedtoEarthbefore10a.m.Beijingtimeafterahalf-a-yearmission.28．Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．AstronautswillperformspacewalksinShenzhou-14.B．ThetriowillbethecrewoftheincomingShenzhou-14.C．Shenzhou-14isgoingtobelaunchedsomedayinJune.D．IttookastronautsafewweekstodoscientificresearchinShenzhou-14.G（2022·廣東珠?！ぶ楹Ｊ芯胖拗袑W(xué)校考三模）TheShenzhouXIIIwassentintospacefromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter（酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心）onOct16.TheCenterliesinGobiDesertinthenorthwestChina.AfterallthepreparationsweresuccessfullymadeforShenzhouXIII,threeChineseastronauts,ZhaiZhigang,YeGuangfuandWangYapingenteredthecoremodule（核心艙）.WhentheShenzhouXIIIroseintothesky,peoplealloverthecountrywereveryexcited.Aftersucc