undp -2021-2022 年艾滋病毒與健康年度報告：危機時期的艾滋病毒與健康 HIV and Health Annual Report 2021-2022 - HIV and Health in Times of Crisis

HIVandHealthAnnualReport2021-2022

HIVandHealthinTimesofCrisis

UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme

Coverphotos,lefttoright:UNDPPeru,UNDPPakistan,UNDPUkraine

UNDPistheleadingUnitedNationsorganizationfightingtoendtheinjusticeofpoverty,inequality,andclimatechange.Workingwithourbroadnetworkofexpertsandpartnersin170countries,wehelpnationstobuildintegrated,lastingsolutionsforpeopleandplanet.

Learnmoreatorfollowat@UNDP.

Theviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyrepresentthoseoftheUnitedNations,includingUNDP,ortheUNMemberStates.Copyright?UNDP2023.Allrightsreserved.OneUnitedNationsPlaza,NewYork,NY10017,USA

INTRODUCTION

Photo:UNDPSudan

3

4

2022wasanotherturbulentyearforhealth.AccordingtotheJointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS(UNAIDS),everyminute,onepersondiedfromAIDSandthreepeoplewere

newlyinfectedwithHIV.1

In2022,morepeoplewereinfectedwithCOVID-19thanin2020and2021combined,andthepandemic’snegativeeconomicandsocialconsequencesdeepened,especiallyinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Inadditiontooutbreaksofcholeraandmeasles,threepublichealthemergenciesofinternationalconcern(PHEIC)—polio,COVID-19,mpox—wereawake-upcallabouttheever-increasingthreatstohumansecurity.Theclimatecrisiscontinuedtoincreaseriskofinfectiousdiseases.TheriskofanotherpandemicwiththesamekindofimpactasCOVID-19isincreasingby2percentwitheveryyearandtheworldremainswoefullyunpreparedforthenextpandemic.

2

Moreover,equityofaccessremainscontested.COVID-19vaccineinequitycontinuedtogrow,andtheworldlostgroundonHIVandTBaswideningandworseninginequalitiesimpededaccesstoessentialservices.

UNDP’scommitmenttohelpingcountriesgetbackontracktoachievingtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)isasstrongasever.2022wasthefirstyearoftheimplementationoftheUNDPStrategicPlan2022–2025andtheUNDPHIVandHealthStrategy2022–2025–Connectingthedots:Towardsamoreequitable,healthierandsustainablefuture.UNDPcontinuedtohelpconnectthedots,workingwithmultilateral,government,civilsociety,academicandprivatesectorpartnerstodeliverresults,especiallyforthoseleftbehind.

Throughourworkwithpartners,millionsofpeoplereceivedlife-savingHIVtreatment;thecontinuityofessentialserviceswassupportedinUkraine;nationalandcommunitycapacitieswerestrengthenedforcreatingenablinglegal,policyandregulatoryenvironmentsforHIVandhealth;systemsforhealthwerestrengthenedandaccesstohealthtechnologieswasimproveddespitechallengespresentedbyCOVID-19;investmentcasesweredevelopedtohelpcountriestacklenon-communicablediseasesandmeetdemandformentalhealthsupport;anddigitalsolutionsweredeployedtosupporthealthworkersandincreaseaccessandequity.

UNDPremainsalong-standingpartneroftheGlobalFundtoFightAIDS,TBandMalaria(GlobalFund).TheGlobalFund’sSeventhReplenishmentdemonstratedthepotentialofmultilateralismandtheworld’scommitmenttofightthethreediseasesandstrengthensystemsforhealth.Thisrenewedcommitmentalsooffersanopportunityforscalingupworkonkeypopulations,humanrights,genderandcommunity-ledresponses,asdoesUNDP’snewpartnershipwiththeU.S.President’sEmergencyPlanforAIDSRelief(PEPFAR).

Thechallenges,risksandopportunitiesforhealthintimesofcrisisareprofoundandtheydemandinnovationinthinking,waysofworkingandpartnerships.Realizingthepromiseofstrongercollaborationforhealth,universalhealthcoverageandpandemicpreparednessandresponserequiresconnectingacrossborders,communitiesanddisciplinestounlockbetterhealthandwell-beingforall.Ahealthierfuturewheretheworldisbackontracktoachievethehealth-relatedSDGsispossibleifwecandeliverequity,resilienceandsustainabilityforthosewhoareleftbehind.

MandeepDhaliwal

Director,HIVandHealthGroup

PORTFOLIO

104

countriesonHIV

UNDPworkedonHIVandhealthin150countries

62

countriesonCOVID-19vaccination

45countries

throughtheUNDP–

GlobalFund

partnership

Expenditurebyregion

13%10%

ArabStates

EasternEuropeandCIS

5%

andCaribbean

15%

LatinAmerica

AsiaPaci?c

1%

Global

57%

Africa

Expenditurebydisease

600553

400

244

USD$Million

200

123

84

61

41

0

COVID-19

Other

Malaria

TB

Total

HIV

5

ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialonthismapdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsorUNDPconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaoritsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.

Spotlight:HIVandhealthintimesofpolycrisis

6

UNDP’slatestHumanDevelopmentReport,

Uncertain

Times,UnsettledLives:ShapingourFutureina

TransformingWorld

describesastateofpolycrisiswithaccumulatingconflicts,increasingpoliticaltensions,growingdebtdistress,anacceleratingclimateemergencyandareversalofprogressontheSDGs

.3

TheCOVID-19pandemiccontinuestoclaimlives,strainfragilesystemsforhealthanddisrupthealthservices.Inthewakeofthepandemic,manycountriesareexperiencingeconomicdownturnsandcost-of-livingcrises.Between2022and2026,itisestimatedthatdevelopingcountrieswillhavefinancingneedsofUS$2.5trillion

.4

Iftheseneedsarenotmet,ensuingdebtcrisescouldincreasepovertywhilehamperingrecoveryefforts.Atthesametime,theimpactsoftheclimatecrisisarebeingincreasinglyfeltworldwide,withthenumberofclimate-linkeddisastersontherise.Overhalfofhumanity—4billionpeople—hasexperiencedanaturaldisasterinthelast20years.

5

Anincreaseincivilconflictsisdrivingfurtherhumanitarianemergencies.Onequarterofhumanitylivesinconflict-affectedareas.

6

Thispolycrisisthreatenshealthanddevelopment.

UNDPhasbeensupportingcountriestorespond,ensuringthatallpeople—andparticularlythemostmarginalizedandvulnerable—cancontinuetoaccessessentialservices.UNDPhaslong-standingexperienceworkingincrisissituations,includingthroughitspartnershipwiththeGlobalFund.InAfghanistan,UNDPandtheGlobalFundsupportedthenationalmalariaprogrammeindigitalizingmonitoringandevaluationin34provinces,enablingtheimprovementofservicesinsomeofthemostremotesettings.InSudan,whichhasexperiencedaninfluxofrefugees,UNDPandtheGlobalFundcontinuedsupportingHIVandTBservicesforrefugeesandhostcommunitiesthroughmobilehealthclinics.

During2022,UNDPworkedwithpartnersin62countriestosupportCOVID-19vaccineequity.AsofOctober2022,morethan1.4billionpeoplein

Bangladesh,Bhutan,India,IndonesiaandNepalhadreceivedCOVID-19vaccinesthroughinnovativedigitalsystemsputinplacewiththesupportofUNDP.Thisworkincludeddevelopingandrollingoutsoftwaretosupportvaccinedistribution,beneficiarytrackingandtraininghealthcareworkers.Specialarrangementswereputinplacetoreachlocationsandpeoplewithoutaccess,andtoensurethatwomenandmarginalizedgroupswerevaccinated.South–Southlearningandexchangehavebeencrucialtothescaleupinthesecountries.

AswellassupportingthecontinuityofHIVandotherhealthservicesduringCOVID-19,UNDPsupportedcountriestoaddresstheneedsofpeoplelivingwithHIV,keypopulationsandothermarginalizedgroupsintheirrecoveryprogrammes.InthePhilippines,aspartoftheBeingLGBTIinAsiaandthePacificinitiative,UNDPsupportedthelocalorganization,SanJulianPride,toalleviatetheimpactsoftheCOVID-19pandemiconlesbian,gay,bisexual,transgenderandintersex(LGBTI)peopleinSanJulian.

Beforethewar,UkrainewasmakingprogressonitsHIVresponse,andwastheonlycountryinEasternEuropeandCentralAsiawherethegovernmentfinancedabasicpackageofHIVpreventionservicesforkeypopulationsfromthestatebudget.Thewarhasimpactedcountlesslivesanddisruptedcriticalhealthservices—leadingtotheclosureofmorethan30medicalinstitutionsprovidingHIVservices.In2022,UNDPcontinuedsupportingUkraine’sMinistryofHealthtohelpensureaccesstoHIVservicesanddeliveredmedicinesandhealthcommoditiesworthUS$31.4million.

REDUCINGINEQUALITIESANDEXCLUSIONTHAT

AFFECTHEALTHANDDRIVEEPIDEMICS

Photo:UNDPBenin

7

8

In2021–2022,UNDPsupported:

?69countriestoaddressgenderequalityandgender-basedviolence?87countriesonkeypopulations

?83countriesonLGBTIrightsandinclusion

?31countriesonHIV-sensitivesocialprotectionprogrammes

Inequalitykillsatleastonepersoneveryfourseconds.

7

Theclimatecrisis,COVID-19andotherhumanitariananddevelopmentchallengesexacerbateinequalities,harmhealthanddeependiscriminationbasedonoverlappingfactorssuchasethnicity,gender,sexualorientationanddisability,whichalreadydisadvantageandexcludesomepopulations.Evenbeforethepandemic,oneinthreewomenaroundtheworldexperiencedphysicalorsexualviolence,andthisroseinmanycountriesduringCOVID-19

.8

InequalitiesarealsounderminingtheAIDSresponse.In2021,keypopulationsandtheirsexualpartnersaccountedfor70percentofallnewHIVinfectionsglobally,94percentofnewHIVinfectionsoutsideofsub-SaharanAfricaand,forthefirsttime,themajorityofnewinfections,51percent,insub-SaharanAfrica.

9

Thecommitmentto“l(fā)eavenoonebehindandreachthefurthestbehindfirst”isthecentralpromiseofthe2030AgendaandtheSDGsandunderpinsUNDP’swork.UNDPsupportscountriestopromoteinclusion,realizerightsanddismantlestructuralinequalitiesinpartnershipwithgovernments,civilsociety,UnitedNationsagencies,academia,theprivatesectoranddonors.UNDPworkswithcountriesandcommunitiestoadvancegenderequalityandaddressthebarriersfacedbypeoplelivingwithHIVandotherkeypopulationsatriskofcontractingHIV,includinggaymenandothermenwhohavesexwithmen,transgenderpeople,sexworkers,peoplewhousedrugsandprisoners.

分wordHealthUNi8F

··v·······vUNAiDSOrganizationWOMENa

與

Z

Promotinggenderequalityand empoweringwomenandgirls

Genderinequalityandgender-basedviolencearestrongdriversofpoorhealthanddevelopmentoutcomesforwomenandadolescentgirls:insub-SaharanAfrica,forexample,womenandgirlsaccountedfor63percentofallnewHIVinfectionsin2021.

10

The10-10-10targetsofthe2021PoliticalDeclarationonHIVandAIDSprovideahistoricopportunitytochangethistrend,withcountriescommittingtoensurethatby2025lessthan10percentofcountrieshavepunitivelegalandpolicyframeworks;lessthan10percentofpeoplelivingwith,atriskofandaffectedbyHIVexperiencestigmaanddiscrimination;andlessthan10percentofwomen,girlsandpeoplelivingwith,atriskofandaffectedbyHIVexperiencegender-basedinequalitiesandsexualandgender-basedviolence.

11

Empoweringwomenandgirls,changingdiscriminatorynorms:UNDPsupportedtheCentralAfricanRepublictoreviseitsFamilyCode,thecountry’skeylegislationongenderequality.Changesincludedtighteningloopholestopreventchildmarriageandstrengtheningtherightsofwomentodecideonissuessuchaspolygamy,choiceofmaritalhomeanddowrypayments.ThisispartofUNDP’sworktochangediscriminatorysocialnormsongender,whichisalsohelpingtoinformgovernmentstrategiestopromotewomen’seconomicempowermentandsupportwomenentrepreneurs.InChina,UNDPsupportedaseriesofYouthLeadershipDevelopmentconveningsongenderandhealthforLGBTIyouthandpeoplelivingwithHIVtoadvocateforHIV,mentalhealth,transgenderhealthandgender-basedviolenceservices.Inacontextofshrinkingcivicspaceforcivilsociety,theseyoungactivistsplayedanimportantroleincombatingdiscriminationandcallingformoreinclusiveservices.

Photo:UNDPSomalia

9

10

Improvingwomen’saccesstohealthservicesandaddressinggender-basedviolence:UNDPsupportedLiberia’sMinistryofHealthtoaddressthebarriersthatwomenfaceinaccessingHIVandTBservicesandsupportonreproductivehealthandgender-basedviolence.InSouthSudan,UNDPworkedwiththeUnitedNationsPopulationFund(UNFPA)andcommunityorganizations,includingtheNationalEmpowermentofPositiveWomenUnited,todelivercommunity-basedHIVprevention;thisincludedaddressingsexualandgender-basedviolenceforsexworkers.InSudan,UNDPworkedwiththeGlobalFund,theMinistryofSocialDevelopment,theMinistryofHealthandUNpartnerstobuildcapacityforcivilsocietyorganizationstotacklegender-basedviolence.Thisledtothedevelopmentofanationalactionplantoaddressgender-basedviolenceandimproveaccesstoshelters,women’sorganizations,helplinesandothersupportservices.InKazakhstan,UNDPsupportedtheUnionofPeopleLivingwithHIVindevelopingtheirStrategicPlan2023–2027andthecapacity-buildingofwomenlivingwithHIVandnon-governmentalorganization(NGO)representativesinpreventinggender-basedviolence.

Consideringgenderindisasterresponses:InSouthAfrica,UNDPprovidedsupporttoenablesingle-genderaccommodationforvictimsofthefloodsinKwaZulu-Natal.Providingseparateaccommodationformenwhohadbeensharingthesamespacewithwomenandchildrenhelpedtoreduceriskofsexualviolenceandmaintainthehealthanddignityofwomen,menandchildrenlivingintheshelters.Afterthefloods,UNDPprovidedfinancialgrantstoselectedwomen’sgroupstorecoverandrebuildtheirbusinesses.

Advancinginclusionofkeypopulations atriskofHIVandotherexcludedgroups

Stigma,discrimination,marginalizationandpunitivelaws,policiesandpracticescontinuetolimitaccesstoHIVservicesandincreasehealthrisksforkeypopulationsandothermarginalizedpeople.AdvancingtheleadershipandinclusionofkeypopulationsandLGBTIpeopleiscriticalforimprovinghealthequityandachievingthe10-10-10targetsofthe2021PoliticalDeclarationonHIVandAIDSandtheSDGs

.12

SupportingkeypopulationleadershipandactiononHIV:IntheleaduptoWorldAIDSDay,UNDPlauncheda

two-yearpartnershipwithPEPFAR

toexpandkeypopulation–ledapproachestocounterdiscriminatorylawsblockingprogressonHIV.Theinitiativeinvolvesidentifyingandscalingupeffectiveapproaches,strengtheningthecapacityandleadershipofkeypopulationsandsupportingSouth—Southlearning.UNDPalsoworkedwiththeWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),UNFPA,theUnitedNationsOfficeonDrugsandCrime(UNODC),theUnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF),UNAIDSandkeypopulationnetworksontherevisionofthe

consolidatedguidelinesonHIV,viralhepatitisandSTIprevention,

diagnosis,treatmentandcareforkeypopulations

.Theguidelineshighlightthecriticalimportanceofaddressingstructuralbarriersandoutlinehowcountriescandismantlethemtoachievemoreequitablecoverageandbetterqualityofservicesforkeypopulations.

Supportingincreasedaccessandpeer-ledapproachestoHIVprevention:UNDPissupportingcountriestoincreaseaccesstopre-exposureprophylaxis(PrEP),aneffectivepreventiontool,forthemostvulnerablecommunities.InPakistan,withsupportfromtheGlobalFund,UNDPinpartnershipwithlocalcommunity-basedorganizations,government,UNAIDSandWHOlaunchedaPrEPinitiative.TheinitiativeworkedcloselywithkeypopulationstoprovidePrEPthroughnetworksofpeeroutreachworkersanddrop-incentres.Governmenthealthworkersatexistingantiretroviral(ARV)treatmentcentreshavebeentrainedondeliveringsafeandeffectivePrEPservices.InColombia,UNDPsupportedthegovernmenttointroduceadigitalsolutiontoscaleupPrEP.ThePrEP-Cplatform,combinedwithtrainingoncombinationpreventionstrategies,isreachingmorethan20,300people.

AdvancingkeypopulationandLGBTIinclusion:UNDPhasbeensupportingLGBTIinclusionthroughworkwithgovernments,UN,academia,privatesectorandcivilsocietypartners.InAsiaandthePacific,UNDPsupportedPrideCookIslandstolaunchthePridePledge,anaccreditationinitiativeforbusinessesoninclusionforLGBTIpeople.InIndia,UNDPhassupportedtheformationoftheNationalNetworkofTransgenderPersons,whichsupportsthetransgendercommunitythroughadvocacy,skillsbuildingandlivelihooddevelopment.InZimbabwe,UNDPsupportedtheZimbabweNationalKeyPopulationsForuminpreparingstakeholdersfortheircontributionstotheproposalfortheGlobalFund’snextgrantcycleandthemid-termreviewoftheZimbabweNationalHIVandAIDSStrategicPlan(ZNASP).UNDP’s#WeBelongAfricaprogrammeaimstopromoteaninclusiveapproachtosexualandgenderdiversitythatadvancestheSDGsandthe2030Agendainsub-SaharanAfrica.

Photo:UNDPColombia

11

Photo:UNDPDominicanRepublic

RollingouttheLGBTIInclusionIndex

UNDP,inpartnershipwithacademia,UNandcivilsocietypartnersandtheWorldBankdevelopedtheLGBTIInclusionIndex,whichaimstomeasuretheinclusionofLGBTIpeopleacrossfiveareas:health,education,personalsafetyandviolence,civilandpoliticalparticipationandeconomicempowerment.InJanuary2022,UNDPworkedwith58countriesondisaggregateddatacollection.Followingthetraining,UNDProlledouttheLGBTIInclusionIndexinAngola,theDominicanRepublic,Ecuador,Georgia,Guyana,NewZealand,PakistanandVietNam.ResultsweresharedwiththeUNLGBTICoreGroupandtheEqualRightsCoalitionof42countriesdedicatedtotheprotectionoftherightsofLGBTIpeopleworldwide.IntheirMinisterialCommuniqué,undertheleadershipofGermany,G7developmentministerscommitted“tosupportingtheimplementationoftheUNLGBTIInclusionIndexasacentraltooltocreatedisaggregateddataandtoimprovethedevelopmentoutcomesofLGBTIQ+persons.”

12

Supportingyoungpeople’sparticipation:TheGlobalAIDSStrategy2021–2026–EndInequalities.EndAIDScommitscountriesandpartnerstoafuturewhereyoungpeoplearefullyempoweredtosetnewdirectionsfortheHIVresponse.InIndiaandThailand,theBeingLGBTIinAsiaandthePacificinitiativejoinedforceswithUNDP’sregionalyouthentrepreneurshipinitiative,YouthCo:Lab,tosupportyoungLGBTIpeople.Thepartnershipaimedtopromotesocialentrepreneurshipandyouthengagementongender-basedviolence,livelihoodsandeducation.InZimbabwe,UNDPsupporttoyoungkeypopulationscontributedtothegovernmentadoptingmeasurestoprotectintersexminorsfromnon-consensualsurgeriesandtostrengtheneffortstoaddressviolencerelatedtosexualorientationandgenderidentity.

Strengtheninginclusivesocialprotection

Withmorethanhalfthepeopleintheworldreceivingonlypartialornosocialprotection,theircapacitytowithstandcrisesislimited

.13

Inclusivesocialprotectioninterventions,suchasfood,economicsupport,healthinsurance,employmentassistanceandotherformsofcareandsupport,arefundamentaltoincreasingresilienceandreducingpoverty,inequalitiesandsocialexclusion.

Makingnationalsocialprotectionsystemsmoreinclusive:UNDPpartneredwiththeInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)todevelopaglobal

checklist

onhowbettertoincludepeoplelivingwithHIVandotherkeypopulationsinsocialprotectionsystems.WithsupportfromtheUNAIDSSecretariat,thechecklistwasrolledoutinCentralAfricanRepublic,C?ted’IvoireandTogo.UNDPalsousedthechecklisttoassessnationalsocialprotectionsystemsandmakerecommendationsforimprovementsinArgentina,CostaRica,theDominicanRepublic,Georgia,IndiaandSerbia.InArgentina,thegovernmentpassedalawthatreserves1percentofallpublicsectorjobsfortransgenderpeople.SupportisbeingprovidedtoMochaCelis,thefirsttransgenderschoolintheregion,toprovidetrainingthatwillbetterequiptransgenderpeopletoapplyforpositionsthatbecomeopenunderthislaw.

EnsuringequitablesocialprotectionbenefitsforpeoplelivingwithHIV:UNDPcontinueditsworkinEgypttoenablemorepeoplelivingwithHIV,especiallywomen,tobenefitfromsocialprotectionprogrammes.InSomalia,UNDPandpartnersundertookanassessmentonHIVandsocialprotection,whichledtotheMinistryofLabourandSocialAffairsandtheMinistryofHealthcollaboratingtoregistermorethan2,100peoplelivingwithHIVwiththeBaxnaanoProject,aWorldBanksupportedsocialprotectionprogrammethatprovidescashtransfers.UNDPisalsoworkingwithpartnerstoregister1,250peoplefromthetwolargestARVtreatment

centresinMogadishuwiththeprogramme.

13

PROMOTINGEFFECTIVEANDINCLUSIVEGOVERNANCE

FORHEALTH

Photo:UNAIDS

14

15

In2021–2022,UNDPsupported:

?97countriesonHIVandTBrelatedrights

?78countriesonNCDpreventionandcontrolgovernance?54countriesonaccesstohealthtechnologies

Inclusive,multisectoralgovernancethatpromotesopenandsafecivicspaceandthemeaningfulinvolvementofcivilsocietyisessentialforsuccessfulHIVandhealthresponses.Inmanycountries,discriminatoryandpunitivelawsandpolicies—particularlyrelatingtoHIVtransmissionandkeypopulationsatriskofHIV—continuetoundermineprogressonHIVandinfringehumanrights.Thoughtheworldmaynotbeontracktoensurethatlessthan10percentofcountrieshavepunitivelegalandpolicyenvironmentsby2025,progressispossible.Theshareoftheworld’spopulationlivinginjurisdictionscriminalizingsame-sexsexhasdeclinedinrecentyearsandseveralcountrieshavetakenstepstodecriminalizeHIVtransmission,exposureornon-disclosure.

14

Evidenceshowsthatstronginstitutions,policiesandcapacitiesarenecessarytoaddressarangeofhealththreats,includingHIV,neglectedtropicaldiseases(NTDs),non-communicablediseases(NCDs)andtheirdrivers,aswellastoimproveaccesstohealthtechnologiesandensuresustainablefinancingforHIVandhealth.UNDPsupportscountriestoadvanceenablinglegal,policyandregulatoryenvironments,smartinvestmentsandsustainablefinancingforbetterHIVandhealthoutcomes.

worldHealthorganization

Creatingenablinglegal,policyand

regulatoryenvironmentsforHIVandhealth

LawsandpoliciesbasedonpublichealthevidenceandhumanrightsarethefoundationofenablingenvironmentsforbetterHIVandhealthoutcomes.Whiletherehasbeensomeprogress,toomanycountrieslackprotectivelawsdespitetheimpactsonhealth;forexample,incountrieswithnon-discriminationlaws,peoplehavebetter

15

knowledgeoftheirHIVstatusandviralsuppressionratesarehigher,whilenewHIVinfectionsdropsharply

16

whendruguseandpossessionisdecriminalizedandpeoplewhoinjectdrugshaveaccesstoharmreductionprogrammes.

EnablingenvironmentsforHIVresponses:UNDP,togetherwithgovernments,civilsociety,UnitedNationsandotherpartners,continuedtosupportcountriesinadvancingtherecommendationsoftheindependentGlobalCommissiononHIVandtheLaw.Thiswork,whichincludedthefollowupofgovernment-ledlegalenvironmentassessments,contributedtothedecriminalizationofHIVinZimbabweandtheintroductionofahumanrights–baseddruglawinC?ted’Ivoire.

UNDPsupportedtheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongotodevelopandimplementtheplanfortheGlobalPartnershipforActiontoEliminateAllFormsofHIV-RelatedStigmaandDiscrimination.ThisincludedtrainingpeoplelivingwithHIV,TBpatientsandkeypopulationsasparalegals;supportinglegaleducationforsexworkersandtheirpartners;capacity-buildingforjusticeandhealthsectorpersonnelonhumanrightsandsupportinglegalaidclinicsforpeoplelivingwithHIVandthosefacinghumanrightsabuses.

Photo:UNAIDS

16

17

Sensitizinglawmakersonhumanrights:In2021,UNDPpartneredwithParliamentariansforGlobalActiontoupdatethe

HandbookforParliamentarians

onadvancingthehumanrightsandinclusionofLGBTIpeople.In2022,thehandbook,waspresentedatthe145thInter-ParliamentaryUnionAssemblyinKigali,Rwanda.UNDPcontinuedtoassistregionaljudges’forainAfrica,theCaribbeanandEasternEurope,includingsupporttoincorporatemodulesonHIV,humanrightsandthelawintothecurriculaofjudicialtraininginstitutes.Thejudges’forahavecontributedtoprogressinseveralcountries—forexample,ajudgewhoparticipatedintheCaribbeanjudgesforumdeliveredthe2022courtdecisiondecriminalizingconsensualsame-sexsexualactivityinSaintKittsandNevis.

PartneringwithNationalHumanRightsInstitutionstoadvanceLGBTIrights:

AspartofapartnershipwiththeAsiaPacificForumofNationalHumanRightsInstitutions,UNDPexpandeditsworkwithNationalHumanRightsInstitutions(NHRIs)onLGBTIissuesinAustralia,Bangladesh,Fiji,India,Mongolia,Myanmar,Nepal,NewZealand,thePhilippines,SriLanka,ThailandandTimor-Leste.Throughthepartnership,anonlinee-courseonsexualorientation,genderidentity,genderexpressionandsexcharacteristics(SOGIESC)issuesforNHRIswasdevelopedandacommunityofpracticeforNHRIstaffwasestablishedtoshareknowledge,includingonissuessuchasgoodpracticestolimittheimpactofCOVID-19onLGBTIpeople.

Strengtheningregulatorysystemsforbetterhealth:ThroughtheAccessand

DeliveryPartnership–acollaborationbetweenWHO,theSpecialProgrammeforResearchandTraininginTropicalDiseases(TDR)andPATH–UNDPhascontinueditscollaborationwiththeAfricanUnionDevelopmentAgency(AUDA-NEPAD)inpromotingthedomesticationoftheAfricanUnionModelLawonMedicalProductsRegulation(AUModelLaw).TheAUModelLawprovidesacompreh