英語(yǔ)中that的用法

英語(yǔ)中that的用法“that”在英文中是一個(gè)使用頻率很高的單詞。它有四種詞性，并且句法及語(yǔ)法功能紛繁復(fù)雜。同學(xué)們?nèi)绻荒苁炀氄莆掌溆梅?，很可能?huì)形成英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一種障礙，從而影響其學(xué)習(xí)興趣和效率?，F(xiàn)將that的用法總結(jié)歸納如下：第一、that用作形容詞（后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)用those）。它用來(lái)指已被提到的人或物；也可表對(duì)比，指兩個(gè)中較遠(yuǎn)的那個(gè)。Whataboutthatbookyouborrowedfrommelastmonth？請(qǐng)注意，that有時(shí)候在句子中具有喜歡或輕蔑等感情色彩。thatlittlesonofhis他那個(gè)小寶貝兒子ThatGeorge！喬治那家伙?。ê休p蔑語(yǔ)氣）第二、that用作代詞。1.that用作指示代詞（復(fù)數(shù)形式是those），其指代意義同形容詞用法，同時(shí)它還可以用作定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞；還可為了避免重復(fù)，代替前述名詞。Thatiswhathetoldme.Whatisthat(which)youhavegotinyourhand?Thepriceofriceishigherthanthatofflour.2.that用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞可人可物，用法相當(dāng)于who或which。（但是在下列情況下多用that：先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)；先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞、不定代詞、very，only等修飾時(shí)；先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)）Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.Ithinkitoneofthemostwonderfulfilmsthatthefilmcompanyhaseverproduced.Shehaslittleinformationthatisusefulforourresearch.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?請(qǐng)注意，that在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)通?？墒÷浴hebooks(that)Isentyouwillhelpyouinyourstudies.第三、that用作連詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,狀語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。1.that名詞性從句。①引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。及物動(dòng)詞后的引導(dǎo)詞that可省略。Ididn'texpect(that)hecouldwinthechampionship.TheteacherpointedoutthatTomwasnotworkinghardenough.②引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。通常采用it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型。Thattheearthgoesaroundthesunisknowntoeveryone.（Itisknowntoeveryonethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.）③引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.④引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that和引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是不同的。前者只起語(yǔ)法作用，在從句中不作任何成分；而后者在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。舉例說(shuō)明：Thenewsthatheresignedfromofficesurprisedus.Theideathatheholdsisverycommonnowadaysoncampus.2.that引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句①引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。BringitnearerthatImayseeitbetter.②引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。WhathaveIdonethatheshouldbesoangrywithme?③引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。IamafraidthatIwillfailinthedrivingtest.④引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。意為“雖然、盡管”。Difficultthat/asthetaskwas,theymanagedtoaccomplishitontime.⑤引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。意為“假使、假設(shè)”。Supposingthatyouwereinmyposition,whatwouldyoudo?Onconditionthatyouwerelostinthedesert,youshouldaskforhelpassoonaspossible.3.引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。ItisMrs.Whitethatmakesthedecisioninherfamily,nothermeeklittlehusband.Itisanillwindthatblowsnobodygood.第四、that用作副詞。1.that用作普通副詞。Iwasthat/soangryIcouldhavehithim.2.that用作關(guān)系副詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，可以代替when，where，why或inwhich，?？墒÷?。Iwillneverforgettheevening(that)/whenwewenttothetheatre.Thehouse(that)/whereIusedtolivehasbeenknockeddown.第五，與that有關(guān)的常見(jiàn)重要短語(yǔ)。1.inthat，意為“既然、因?yàn)椤?。Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsuscorrectourmistakes.2.nowthat，意為“既然、由于”。Nowthattheyhavetakenmattersintotheirhands,thepaceofeventshasquickened.3.see(toit)that，意為“注意、務(wù)必做到、保證”。Wewillseetoitthatshegetshomeearly.Seetoitthatyouarenotlateagain.4.seeingthat，意為“鑒于、由于”。Seeingthatitis8o'clock,we'llwaitnolonger.Seeingthathewasbusywithhiswork,Ididn'tdisturbhim.以上是that主要用法的概述，希望能對(duì)大家有所幫助。當(dāng)然，that還有其他的一些用法，需要我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中不斷地積累和總結(jié)。That用法總結(jié)一、that用作形容詞（后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)用those）。它用來(lái)指已被提到的人或物；也可表對(duì)比，指兩個(gè)中較遠(yuǎn)的那個(gè)。Whataboutthatbookyouborrowedfrommelastmonth？請(qǐng)注意，that有時(shí)候在句子中具有喜歡或輕蔑等感情色彩。thatlittlesonofhis他那個(gè)小寶貝兒子ThatGeorge！喬治那家伙?。ê休p蔑語(yǔ)氣）二、that用作代詞。1.that用作指示代詞（復(fù)數(shù)形式是those），其指代意義同形容詞用法，同時(shí)它還可以用作定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞；還可為了避免重復(fù)，代替前述名詞。Thatiswhathetoldme.Whatisthat(which)youhavegotinyourhand?Thepriceofriceishigherthanthatofflour.2.that用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞可人可物，用法相當(dāng)于who或which。（但是在下列情況下多用that：先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)；先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞、不定代詞、very，only等修飾時(shí)；先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)）Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.Ithinkitoneofthemostwonderfulfilmsthatthefilmcompanyhaseverproduced.Shehaslittleinformationthatisusefulforourresearch.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?請(qǐng)注意，that在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)通?？墒÷?。Thebooks(that)Isentyouwillhelpyouinyourstudies.三、that用作連詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,狀語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。1.that名詞性從句。①引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。及物動(dòng)詞后的引導(dǎo)詞that可省略。Ididn'texpect(that)hecouldwinthechampionship.TheteacherpointedoutthatTomwasnotworkinghardenough.②引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。通常采用it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型。Thattheearthgoesaroundthesunisknowntoeveryone.（Itisknowntoeveryonethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.）③引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.④引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that和引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是不同的。前者只起語(yǔ)法作用，在從句中不作任何成分；而后者在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。舉例說(shuō)明：Thenewsthatheresignedfromofficesurprisedus.Theideathatheholdsisverycommonnowadaysoncampus.2.that引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句①引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。BringitnearerthatImayseeitbetter.②引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。WhathaveIdonethatheshouldbesoangrywithme?③引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。IamafraidthatIwillfailinthedrivingtest.④引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。意為“雖然、盡管”。Difficultthat/asthetaskwas,theymanagedtoaccomplishitontime.⑤引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。意為“假使、假設(shè)”。Supposingthatyouwereinmyposition,whatwouldyoudo?Onconditionthatyouwerelostinthedesert,youshouldaskforhelpassoonaspossible.3.引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。ItisMrs.Whitethatmakesthedecisioninherfamily,nothermeeklittlehusband.Itisanillwindthatblowsnobodygood.四、that用作副詞。1.that用作普通副詞。Iwasthat/soangryIcouldhavehithim.2.that用作關(guān)系副詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，可以代替when，where，why或inwhich，?？墒÷浴willneverforgettheevening(that)/whenwewenttothetheatre.Thehouse(that)/whereIusedtolivehasbeenknockeddown.五，與that有關(guān)的常見(jiàn)重要短語(yǔ)。1.inthat，意為“既然、因?yàn)椤?。Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsuscorrectourmistakes.2.nowthat，意為“既然、由于”。Nowthattheyhavetakenmattersintotheirhands,thepaceofeventshasquickened.3.see(toit)that，意為“注意、務(wù)必做到、保證”。Wewillseetoitthatshegetshomeearly.Seetoitthatyouarenotlateagain.4.seeingthat，意為“鑒于、由于”。Seeingthatitis8o'clock,we'llwaitnolonger.Seeingthathewasbusywithhiswork,Ididn'tdisturbhim.以上是that主要用法的概述，希望能對(duì)大家有所幫助。當(dāng)然，that還有其他的一些用法，需要我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中不斷地積累和總結(jié)。六、必須用that的情況:1.在there+be的句型中，句子的主語(yǔ)是先行詞，而且又是物。例如：TherearetwonovelsthatIwanttoread.我要讀的有兩本小說(shuō)。Thereisnoworkthatcanbedonenow.沒(méi)有什么工作現(xiàn)在能做的了。2.當(dāng)先行詞為主句的表語(yǔ)或者關(guān)系代詞為從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。例如：Thisisthebookthatwasboughtyesterday.這就是昨天買的書(shū)。Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.我們的學(xué)校不再是以前的學(xué)校了。That’sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.3.以Hereis(are)開(kāi)頭的句子時(shí)。例如：HerearetwobooksthatIwillbuy.這是我要買的兩本書(shū)。Hereisafilmthatwillmoveanyone.這是一部將使任何人受感動(dòng)的電影。4.Itis(high)time+定語(yǔ)從句中。例如：Itistimethatweshouldhavearest.我們應(yīng)該休息了。Itishightimethattheystartedout.他們?cè)搫?dòng)身了。5.當(dāng)先行詞是way等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that或者inwhich在定語(yǔ)從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)中，常可省略。例如：Thisisthewaythatmyfatherdidthiswork.這就是我父親做此工作的方式。SheadmiredthewayinwhichIansweredthequestions.她羨慕我回答問(wèn)題的方式。6.在雙重限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，如果一個(gè)從句用who或者which引導(dǎo)時(shí)，那么另一個(gè)從句用that引導(dǎo)。例如：HeisthestudentthatIhaveeverseewhocanjumphighest.他是我曾經(jīng)看到過(guò)跳得最高的學(xué)生。Mybrotherstudiesintheschoolwhichisthemostbeautifulinourcitythatisn’tfarfromhere.我的弟弟在我們的城市最美麗的學(xué)校讀書(shū)，并且離這兒不遠(yuǎn)。7.當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時(shí)。例如：ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.這正是我找的鋼筆。TheonlybookIwanttoreadismissing.我唯一想看的書(shū)不見(jiàn)了。There’slittletimethatwecanspare.ThatistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.8.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中，并且以who,which,what開(kāi)頭時(shí)。例如：Whowasitthatwaslost?究竟是誰(shuí)迷路了？（此句中，最好不用who來(lái)代替that，避免重復(fù)。）Whatwasitthatyoudidlastweek?你上周究竟做什么了？9.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。例如：YouarethefirstpersonthatIwanttoaskfor.你是我要見(jiàn)的第一個(gè)人。ThisisthesecondbookthatIhaveeverwritten.這是我寫(xiě)的第二本書(shū)。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen10.當(dāng)先行詞被no,all,everything,nothing,something,much,little,some,few,none,both,theone…等不定代詞修飾時(shí)IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Hasallthatcanbedonehasbeendone?ThisisallthatIwanttosayatthemeeting.這就是我在會(huì)上要說(shuō)的。Haveyouanybooksthatareworthreading?你有值的看的書(shū)嗎？11.當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。例如：TheprofessorandhisachievementthatIheardaboutareadmiredbythem.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)的那位教授和他的成就得到他們的贊美。Let’stalkaboutthepersonsandthethingsthatwecanremember.讓我們談?wù)撃軌蛳肫鸬娜撕褪?。Lookatthegirlandthedogthatcrossthestreet.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.12.當(dāng)先行詞為anything、everything、nothing時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which；但用something時(shí)，用which或者that均可。例如：EverythingwehaveseeninChinaismoving.我們?cè)谥袊?guó)看見(jiàn)的東西件件感人。Ihavenothingthatisworthreading.我沒(méi)有什么值得一讀的東西。13.先行詞為who,which,或以who、which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)Whothatknowshimwouldtrusthim?Whichofthebooksthatwereborrowedfromthelibraryisyours?Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminchess?你曾見(jiàn)過(guò)誰(shuí)能在棋藝上打敗他？七、關(guān)系代詞宜用who,不用that的情況1當(dāng)先行詞為one,ones,anyone,everyone,everybody等詞時(shí)Theoneswhoareoftenlatedon’tpleaseme.2當(dāng)先行詞為those時(shí).Thosewhoareagainsttheplancangivetheiropinions.3在以therebe開(kāi)頭的句子中,be后面的名詞為先行詞時(shí).TherewerefewscientistswhocouldexplainEinstein’sTheoryofRelativity.4在分隔定語(yǔ)從句中或當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ)作后置句語(yǔ)時(shí).ImetalittlegirlatthepartyyesterdayeveningwhocouldspeakEnglishfluently.5在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中Lincoln,whowaslovedbyallAmericans,waskilledatthetheatreinWashingtonD.CTHAT的用法集錦湖北省宣恩第一中學(xué)李紹璜尤進(jìn)國(guó)看下面句子，能說(shuō)出句中各個(gè)that的用法嗎？Thatteachersaidthatthatthatthatthatboyusedinthatsentencewasnotcorrect.That在英語(yǔ)中是一個(gè)使用頻率很高的詞。它可用作代詞、副詞，形容詞，連詞、關(guān)系代詞等，在句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)或起聯(lián)結(jié)作用等。下面就that的主要用法作一些歸納，以供同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)參考。that用作指示代詞，指代某人或某物,或指上文提到的人或事物(單數(shù)名詞).”那個(gè)”ThisisMaryandthatisJack.Thatisyourcoat.Fewpleasurescanequalthatofacooldrinkonahotday.Isthatwhyyouhadafewdaysoff?Whoisthat?Isthatyou?(電話用語(yǔ))that用作形容詞限定單數(shù)名詞,”那個(gè),那”,或作副詞修飴形容詞或副詞,表程度.”那么”ThatdayImetanoldfriendofmineinthestreet.Thatbikeofyoursisbroken.Ican’twalkthatfar.Theweatherisnotthatcold.三,引導(dǎo)從句的that.與有關(guān)詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ),如sothat(以便,以致),so...that(如此…以致),such…that(如此…以致),inorderthat(以便),forfearthat(以免),onconditionthat(假設(shè)),nowthat(既然),inthat(因?yàn)?等,引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,且that不可省。Theystartedsoearlythattheymightarriveintime.Itissuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveit.Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchensothathecouldpreparehisgradsurprisefortheparty.Heworkedhardinorderthathemightcatchupwiththeothers.Nowthatyouhavegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.Advertisingisdifferentfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.二)that用作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，且在從句中沒(méi)有意義,也不充當(dāng)成份,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)有時(shí)可以省略,但引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般不省略.要注意從句的位置.Thathecamelatemadehisteacherangry.(主從)Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.(主從)有時(shí)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把從句置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后時(shí)，that可以省略。例如：Itisapity(that)hehasmadesuchamistake.(主從)Itworriedheralittlethatherhairwasturninggray.(主從)Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartearlytomorrow.(表從)Myideaisthatweshouldgetmorecomradestodothework.(表從)I’mafraid(that)youdon’tunderstandwhatyousaid.(賓從)Idon’tbelieve(that)theyhavefinishedtheirworkyet.(賓從)Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.(賓從,且that不可省)Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.(賓從,且that不可省)EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened.(賓從,且that不可省)Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.(同位從句)WordcamethatsomeAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollage.(同位從句)Informationhasbeenputforwardthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.(同位從句)三)、that用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，替代其前面的先行詞,充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),其先行詞既可是人也可是物.當(dāng)它作從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省。但如作從句的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that可省略Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.Finally,thethi