2021年考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案解析

2021年考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions；

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

whydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviously

bepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto_1uncertainty,accordingto

arecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedto

knowissostrongthatpeopleviill_2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitis

cleartheanswerwill3.

Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicago

andtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents*willingnessto4_themselves

tounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone_5each

participantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromaprevious

experiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.

Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwe

nty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftalonein

theroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockth

emclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswho

knewwhatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwit

hotherstimuli,_9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandpho

tographsofdisgustinginsects.

Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameastheba

sicdrivesfororshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversity

ofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan12

newscientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessuchHcanback

fire.TheinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodoJ4thingsisa

profoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inaf

inalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywould

feelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17to

seesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18off

oilowingthroughonone*scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine

19itisworththeendsavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeyt

oreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity.“Hseesays.Inot

herwords,don'treadonlinecomments.

1.A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore

B.waitC.seekD.regret

B.lastC.misleadD.hurt

B.tieC.exposeD.treat

B.trialC.reviewD.concept

B.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt

7.A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When

8.A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change

9.A.ratherthanB.suchasC.regardlessofD.owingto

10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.forgetD.discover

11.A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling

12.A.beginwithB.restonC.learnfromD.leadto

13.A.withdrawalB.inquiryC.persistenceD.diligence

B.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive

B.defineC.replaceD.trace

B.overlookC.designD.conceal

17.A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend

18.A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty

19.A.whetherB.whyC.whereD.how

20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequences

1.【答案】A

【解析】句首作者提出疑問(wèn)，“為什么人們會(huì)讀互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的負(fù)面評(píng)論和明顯很讓人傷心的其它

事情呢？"隨后作者給出答案，“因?yàn)槿藗兌加小淮_定性的內(nèi)在需求"。［A〕解決［B］保

護(hù)［C］討論［D］無(wú)視，根據(jù)動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系，解決不確定性搭配合理。

2.【答案】C

【解析】此題考查動(dòng)介詞搭配。根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境，需要選擇一個(gè)動(dòng)詞和后面的氣。"連用。［A］

拒絕做...［B］等待做...［C］尋求,力求做...［D］懊悔做...結(jié)合文意“人們要—滿足他們

的好奇心”來(lái)判斷，正選為［C］尋求，力求做。

3.【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境，"painful,uncertainty"均為消極詞匯。

4.【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配考查。根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境，考查短語(yǔ)—sbtosth意為“讓某人承受某事"。

因此，C選項(xiàng)為正選。

5.【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)上文，第二段句首提到inaseriesoffourexperiments,說(shuō)明是在"實(shí)驗(yàn)”

的語(yǔ)境。結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，［A］信息［B］實(shí)驗(yàn)［C］復(fù)習(xí)［D］觀念，只有B選項(xiàng)和段落語(yǔ)境相符合。

因此為正選。

6.【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)賓搭配。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，“當(dāng)點(diǎn)擊的時(shí)候，一半的鋼筆會(huì)―電流廠根據(jù)動(dòng)賓搭配，

此題需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來(lái)搭配電流，考查四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，［A］移除［B］削弱［C］傳遞［D］打攪A選項(xiàng)更

符合語(yǔ)境。

7.【答案】D

【解析】時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的考查。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，“―被單獨(dú)留在房間，學(xué)生會(huì)因此，這是一

個(gè)非常明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。正選為D.

8.【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。結(jié)合原文語(yǔ)境，由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的學(xué)生，而在定語(yǔ)從

句中，又出現(xiàn)由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。結(jié)合賓語(yǔ)從句的含義，“知道接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么"

更符合語(yǔ)境。

9.【答案】B

【解析】結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，后面語(yǔ)境為并列關(guān)系，因此此題應(yīng)填舉例子。B為正選。

10.【答案】D

【解析】Discover與上文中的Curiosity相對(duì)應(yīng)。

11.【答案】C

【解析】本詞與后文的Basicdrives的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。與shelter—■樣都屬于人類(lèi)的根本需

求。

12.【答案】D

【解析】

13.【答案】B

【解析】跟前文的drives相對(duì)應(yīng)。

14.【答案】A

【解析】此題與前文的backfire相對(duì)應(yīng)，都屬于貶義詞。

15.【答案】A

【解析】從后文的試驗(yàn)中，參與者應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)參與，因此跟前文的堅(jiān)持相對(duì)應(yīng)。

16.【答案】A

【解析】通過(guò)后文的after能看出這個(gè)事情并沒(méi)有發(fā)生，因此填預(yù)測(cè)。

17.【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)賓搭配。

18.【答案】C

【解析】。f引導(dǎo)的后置定語(yǔ)。由一個(gè)人的好奇心所帶來(lái)的結(jié)果。

19.【答案】A

【解析】whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。

20.【答案】D

【解析】關(guān)聯(lián)對(duì)應(yīng)，對(duì)應(yīng)18題的outcome.

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatckfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhis

effortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshire

highschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanical

memorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshould

beabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmed

byabrokenbikechain?

AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingis

necessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuck

withgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassembling

abicycle.

Buthe'salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsis

seenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation

“havethatstereotype..thatit'sforkidswhocan,tmakeitacademically,*he

says.

Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica*s

evolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.Thejobsecurity

thattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.More

educationisthenewprinciple.Wcwantmoreforourkids,andrigitfullyso.

Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesforall-andthesubtledevaluing

ofanythingless-missesanimportantpoint:That,snottheonlythingtheAmerican

economyneds.Yes,abachelor'sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentof

thejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skill

manufacturing.Butonly44persentofworkersareadequatelytrained.

Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonits

politicalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericais

vanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapin

working-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren,tequippedtodo

them.Koziatek,sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofill

thatgap.

Koziatek,sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomes

one-size-fits-al1,itrisksoverlookinganation'sdiversiy3fgifts.

21.【題干】Abrokanbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents'lackof.

A.mechanicalmemorization

B.academictraining

C.practicalability

D.pioneeringspirit

22.【題干】Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.

A.arefinanciallydisadvantaged

B.arenotacademicallysuccessful

C.haveastereotypedmind

D.havenocareermotivation

23.【題干】WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.

A.arcentitledtomoreaducationolprivileges

B.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing

C.usedtohavemorejobopportunities

D.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns

24.【題干】Theheadlongpushintobacheloi,sdegreesforall___.

A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs

B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

C.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce

D.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

25.【題干】Theauthor'sattitudetowardKoziatek*sschoolcanbedescribedas.

A.supportive

B.disappointed

C.tolerant

D.cautious

21.【答案】Cpracticalability

【解析】

22.【答案】Barenotacademicallysuccessful

【解析】這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞職業(yè)教育對(duì)孩子存在的偏見(jiàn)可定位至

第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多職業(yè)化教育的學(xué)校中，有這樣一種老套的思想，那就是，

職業(yè)教育是針對(duì)那些在學(xué)術(shù)上不能成功的那些孩子的?！ǜ鶕?jù)這句話可確定答案就是Bare

notacademicallysuccessful。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合文意。

23.【答案】Cusedtohavemorejobopportunities

【解析】

24.【答案】Dindicatetheovervaluingofhighereducation

【解析】

25.【答案】Asupportive

【解析】這是一道態(tài)度題，放在最末的態(tài)度題更傾向于到最后一段找答案。通過(guò)定

位詞Koziatek'sschool看到最后一段也確實(shí)提到了，說(shuō)它是一個(gè)wake-upcallo也就

是在喚醒人們教育不應(yīng)該是統(tǒng)一的形式，這樣會(huì)overlookinganation,sdiversityof

gifts,也就是無(wú)視人才的差異性。所以可以看出作者是支持的態(tài)度。

Text2

Whilefossilfuels-coal,oi1,gas-stillgeneraterough1y85percentof

theworld*senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongsto

renewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingup

momentumaroundtheworld:Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpower

sourcesgoingonline.

SomegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedBusinssesto

fundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisaboutthsplummetingprices

ofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80

percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetaone-thirdintnepasteightyears.

Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergy

source.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower

95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaand

Europe,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirst

time,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergenerated

intheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.

PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels-especiallycoal-asthepath

toeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasan

unreliableenergysource,ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,where

windturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate'selectricity

generation-andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbythe

availabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.

Thequestionuwhathappenswhenthewinddoesn*tbloworthes

undoesn'tshine?*hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Buta

boostinthestorage

apacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowing

aroundtheclockmorelikely.

Theadvanceisdriveninparbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoarepla

cingbig

betsonbattery-poweredelsctricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsare

stillararity

onroadsnow.thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidl

yincomingyears.

Whilethere'salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesfor

renewablesarespiking.Thepaceof

changeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingupperhaps:justin

timetohavea

meaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes-or

doesn'tdo-topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessa

timeofaglobalshiftinthought.

26.【題干】Theword"plummeting”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

【選項(xiàng)】

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising

27.【題干】

AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica

【選項(xiàng)】

A.isprogressingnotably

B.isasextensiveasinEurope

C.facesmanychallenges

D.hasprovedtobeimpractical

28.【題干】ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,

【選項(xiàng)】

A.windisawidelyusedenergysource

B.windenergyhasrcplacsdfossilfuels

C.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy

D.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply

29.【題干】WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs

5&6?A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.B.Itiscommonlyusedincar

manufacturing.C.Itscontinuojssupplyisbecomingareality.D.Itssustainable

exploitationwillremaindifficult.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph

thatrenewableenergy.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries

B.wi11accelerateglobalenvironmentalchange

C.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

D.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost

30.【題干】Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy

【選項(xiàng)】

A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries

B.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange

C.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

D.isnotcompetitiveenoughmithregardtoitscost

26.【答案】Cfalling

【解析】這是一道詞義句意題，要想知道plummeting的意思，首先要回到原文找線

索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在說(shuō)現(xiàn)在

例如風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能這樣的可再生資源的價(jià)格的問(wèn)題，plummeling是修飾可再生資源的價(jià)格

的，接著二段最后一句就在用具體數(shù)字來(lái)證明可再生資源的本錢(qián)在下降，如太陽(yáng)能本錢(qián)下降

了百分之八十，風(fēng)能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生資源的本錢(qián)在下降，plummeting

的含義是下降的意思。所以選擇Cfallingo

27.【答案】Aisprogressingnotably

【解析】

28.【答案】Awindisawidelyusedenergysource

【解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段第三句，在愛(ài)荷華州，

風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)點(diǎn)綴著這個(gè)州并提供了此州百分之三十六的電能，并且還吸引了像微軟這樣的科

技巨頭公司。因此可判斷，在愛(ài)荷華州，風(fēng)能是一種廣泛使用的能源。所以答案是A。

29.【答案】Citscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality

【解析】這是一道是非細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干給出的段落位置，5-6兩段和主題詞clean

energy,回到原文的第5-6段，這兩段都不長(zhǎng)，第五段出現(xiàn)了But后講到電池容量的提升a

boostinthestorage,與A選項(xiàng)不符，并不是因果關(guān)系，故排除；B選項(xiàng)說(shuō)道廣泛用在制

造業(yè)也不符合原文第六段第一句;而D選項(xiàng)和原文第六段最后一句是語(yǔ)義相反的，故也排除；

正確選項(xiàng)C是和這句話語(yǔ)義一致的，也是和全文主題一致的，故為正確答案。

30.【答案】CisnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

【解析】

Text3

Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing

—AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoods

for$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquirethe

WhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdocsn,thaveanyphysicalproductatall.What

WhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers'

friendshipsandsociallives.

FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphone

numberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedeal

wentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwho

sentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpolitical

journalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroups

inwhichTheresaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?Itmaybethatthevalue

ofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnetsomuchthe460shopsftowns,buttherecordsof

whichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.

Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.

Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithin

thedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmay

havevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthere

isadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddeals

withfinancialdisadvantagetcconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersof

theseservicesdon'tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheir

customers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem—andFacebook

andGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantage

ofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.

Theproductthey*resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlives

todataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalled

aphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhe

31.【題干】AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforitso

【選項(xiàng)】

A.digialproducts

B.userinformation

C.physicalassets

D.qualityservice

32.【題丁】LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay

【選項(xiàng)】

A.worsenpoliticaldisputes

B.messupcustomerrecords

C.posearisktoFacebookusers

D.misleadtheEuropeancommission

33.【題干】Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw

【選項(xiàng)】

A.shouldservethenewmarketpowers

B.mayworsentheeconomicimbalancens

C.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution

D.cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket

34.【題干】CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebooknsers

Because_________

【選項(xiàng)】

A.theyarenodefinedascustomers

B.theyarenotfinanciallyreliable

C.theservicesaregenerallydigital

D.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers

35.【題干】Theantsanalogyisusedto1lustrate

【選項(xiàng)】

A.awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants

B.atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitaigiants

C.thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants'customers

D.therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers

31.【答案】[B]userinformation

【解析】

32.【答案】[C]posearisktoFacebookusers

【解析】

33.【答案】[D]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket

【解析】面，相比于數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的速度，此法案開(kāi)展是非常緩慢的"。由此可知，該法案

跟不上當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)變化的步伐。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

34.【答案】[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers.

【解析】根據(jù)題目中的because可確定為因果細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的信息出現(xiàn)在第三段后半局

部，是題目中的原詞competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreted,而原因在其后面的句

子。下文寫(xiě)到，theusersoftheirservicesarenot,讀到這里的not,一定要找而是

誰(shuí)。繼續(xù)讀下一句，Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem…，與選

項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，可得出[D]theservicssarepaidforbyadvertisers(>

35.【答案】[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers.

【解析】根據(jù)題目中isusedtoillustrate可判斷為例證題，要找到theantsanalogy

論據(jù)所證明的論點(diǎn)；論點(diǎn)在論據(jù)之前，因此先找到論據(jù)theantsanalogy,再找到論據(jù)前

的論點(diǎn)句。所以此題定位到最后一段的第一句，Theproduct??,isdata,andwe…convert

ourlivestodata…。此句中，data即digitalgiants,we即users。因此答案為[D]

therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers.

Text4

Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,author

ofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorld,recommendsbuilding

ahabitofudeepwork”-thsabilitytofucuswithoutdistraction.

Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork-beitlengthy

retreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga

ajournalistic*approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughout

theday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeand

sticktoit.

Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling*tocombatconstant

interruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime."Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhave

deepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.Onceonthecalendar,Iprotectthis

timelikeIwouldadoctor*sappointmentorimportantmeeting,hewrites.

Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritise

yourday-inparticularhowwccraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:

ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980s

thatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthly

goalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuch

moredetail,daybyday.

Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemost

effectivewhenitcometotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddaily

plansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoften

renderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuch

alistcanreapthebestresults.

Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,

orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”

Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensable

tothebrainasvitaminDistcthebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary

togettinganyworkdone,"heargues.

SriniPi1lay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,

believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybedue

tothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedand

unfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.

“Whatpeopledon'trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneed

touseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain,"saysPillay.

36.【題干】Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto

【選項(xiàng)】

A.seizeeveryminutetowork

B.listyouimmediatetasks

C.makespecificdailyplans

D.Keeptoyourfocustime

37.【題干】Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat

【選項(xiàng)】

A.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoals

B.detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected

C.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiency

D.dailyschedulesarcindispensabletostudying

38.【題干】AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis

【選項(xiàng)】

A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeople

B.amajorcontributortophysicalhealth

C.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy

0.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork

39.【題干】Pillaybelievesthatourbrain,sshiftbetweenbeingfocusedand

infocused

【選項(xiàng)】

A.conbringaboutgreaterefficiency

B.canresultinpsychologicalwel1-being

C.isdrivenbytaskurgency

D.isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork

40.【題干】Thistextismainlyabout—

【選項(xiàng)】

A.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime

B.Waystorelievethetensionofbusylife

C.Thekeytoeliminatingdistractions

D.Thecauseofthelackoffocustime

36.【答案】[D]keeptoyourfocustime

【解析】

37.【答案】[B]detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected

【解析】

38.【答案】[D]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork.

【解析】根據(jù)題目Newport得出此題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)題干中的

idleness可定位到倒數(shù)笫三段，idlenessisnot,讀到這里依然需要看下文，下面提到it

isas…as…，isnecessarytogettinganyworkdone。再對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)，可直接選出[D]

anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganyworko

39.【答案】[A]canbringaooutgreaterefficiency.

【解析】根據(jù)題目中的Pillaybelieves可得出此題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題型。

根據(jù)題目中的信息，可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句，明確指出theytendtobemore

efficiento然后對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)得出[A]canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyo

40.【答案】[A]approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstine.

【解析】根據(jù)題目的mainlyabout可知為文章主旨題，首先可以通過(guò)題目的復(fù)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容找與

文章主旨有關(guān)的詞匯，題目中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了focus內(nèi)容，可判斷與人們的注意力有。其次，文

章主旨一般在開(kāi)篇第一段或第二段會(huì)出現(xiàn)，第一段引用CalNewport的觀點(diǎn)指出focus

withoutdistraction話題，第二段就提到了主題approachestomasteringthdartofdeep

work,此刻主題已明確，并且第四段有明顯的證明anotherapproach>>所以此題選[A]

approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime。

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitable

subheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Thereare

twoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER

SHEET.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.Bepresent

B.Justsayit

C.Askforanopinion

D.Findthe"metoo"s

E.Name,places,things

F.skipthesmalltalk

G.Payauniquecompliment

Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone

Conversationsare1inks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewperson

alinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthen

thelink.

Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:Lhegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatwork

orthesecurityguardat