湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市天心區(qū)長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試卷 含解析

高考資源網(wǎng)(）您身邊的高考專家（AI教學(xué)）訂購(gòu)熱線郡中學(xué)2024年下學(xué)期高一期末考試英語(yǔ)時(shí)量：120分鐘滿分：150分第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers!A.Strangers.B.Classmates.C.Relatives.2.WhatwillTomdonext?A.Drinksomecoffee.B.WatchtheWorldCup.C.Gotosleep.3Whyisthewomanleaving?A.Sheissick.B.Herchildisill.C.Herworkisdone.A.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inalift.C.Inacompany.5.Whatdidthewomanfinddifficult?A.Theessaypart.B.Thelisteningpractices.C.Thefill-in-the-blankquestions.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howmanyroomsdidthemanbook?A.One.B.TwoC.Three.7.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Gotohisroom.B.Carryhisluggage.C.Callhisfriends.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whenwillthespeakers’flighttakeoff?A.At3:15.B.At3:45.C.At4:00.9.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Runningattheairport.B.Takingataxi.C.Bookingaflight.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Howdoesthemanwanthishaircut?A.Allofftheback.B.Alloffthesides.C.Alittleoffthetopandsides.11.Whatdidthemancomplainabout?A.Thewomancuthishairtooshort.B.Thewomancuthisearaccidentally.C.Thehairbrushwastoodirty.12.Whycan’tthemancomplaindirectlytothemanager?A.Themanagerisonvacation.B.Themanagerisouttolunch.C.Themanagerisbusywithworking.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.HowisthemanstudyingSpanish?A.Throughonlinecourses.B.Throughlanguageapps.C.Throughclassroomlessons.14.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutherwayofstudyingSpanish?A.It’sconvenient.B.It’sinteresting.C.It’swell-organized.15.WhataspectofSpanishisthemanmostinterestedin?A.Dailyconversations.B.Traditionalliterature.C.Travelphrases.16.Whatdoesthewomantrytodointheend?A.Encouragetheman.B.Expressherworries.C.Recommendsomeclassics.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.HowlongdothefitnessclassesinItalylast?A.Aweek.B.Twoweeks.C.Nearlyamonth.18.Whatisthetwo-weekholidayinGreeceaimedat?A.Buildingupmuscles.B.Reducingstress.C.Losingweight.19.Whatmakesthetwo-weekholidayinGreecesospecial?A.Climbingmountains.B.Exercisingonthebeach.C.Experiencinghealthyprograms.20.Whereisthemountainbikingholidayoffered?A.InIreland.B.InFrance.C.InMorocco.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFamousFestivalsAroundtheWorldCelebrationsareanimportantpartofeveryculture,andeachcountryhasitsownuniquefestivals.Hereisabriefintroductiontosomeofthemostfamousfestivalscelebratedaroundtheworld.CarnivalinBrazilTheCarnivalinBrazilisoneofthelargestandmostfamousfestivalsintheworld.Itiscelebratedwithparades(游行),sambadancing,andcolorfuldresses.It’safuntimebeforeaseriousreligioustimecalledLent.MardiGrasinNewOrleansMardiGras,orFatTuesday,isabigcelebrationinNewOrleans,Louisiana,USA.Itisknownforitsparades,floats,andthethrowingofcolorfulbeads(珠子)tothecrowd.Thisyearlyeventisamixofveryoldtraditionsfromdifferentculturesandisaveryspecialtime.OktoberfestinGermanyOktoberfestisoneoftheworld’slargestfolkfestivalsheldeachyearinMunich；Germany.Itincludesattractionslikethrillrides,games,and,ofcourse,plentyofbeer.ThefestivaloriginallycelebratedthemarriageofCrownPrinceLudwigofBavariaandPrincessThereseofSaxe-Hildburghausen.DiwaliinIndiaDiwaliisalsocalledtheFestivalofLights.Ithappensinthefallandlastsforfivedays.Peoplelightlampstoshowthatlightandgoodwinoverdarknessandbad.Therearealsofireworksandfamilyget-togethersduringDiwali.Thesefestivalsnotonlycelebratetheuniqueculturalidentitiesoftheirrespectivecountriesbutalsoserveasareminderoftherichnessofglobaltraditions.1.WhichactivitydoCarnivalinBrazilandMardiGrasinNewOrleansbothfeature?A.Lightingoillamps. B.Celebratingwithparades.C.Throwingcolorfulbeads. D.Drinkinglargeamountsofbeer.2.WhatistheoriginofOktoberfestinGermany?A.Ahistoricalbattle. B.Acelebrationofvictory.C.Aroyalweddingcelebration. D.Alocalfolkdancefestival.3.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A.Atravelplan. B.Ascientificpaper C.Anewsreport. D.Amagazinearticle.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了世界著名的幾個(gè)節(jié)日，并介紹了慶祝方式、特色以及節(jié)日起源等內(nèi)容?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章CarnivalinBrazil部分中的“Itiscelebratedwithparades(游行),sambadancing,andcolorfuldresses.(人們通過(guò)游行、跳桑巴舞以及身著色彩艷麗的服飾來(lái)慶祝這一節(jié)日。)”以及MardiGrasinNewOrleans部分中的“Itisknownforitsparades,floats,andthethrowingofcolorfulbeads(珠子)tothecrowd.(它以游行、彩車以及向人群拋灑彩色珠子而聞名。)”可知，巴西狂歡節(jié)和新奧爾良狂歡節(jié)都有游行慶祝的活動(dòng)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章OktoberfestinGermany部分中的“ThefestivaloriginallycelebratedthemarriageofCrownPrinceLudwigofBavariaandPrincessThereseofSaxe-Hildburghausen.(該節(jié)日最初是為了慶祝巴伐利亞王儲(chǔ)路德維希與薩克森-希爾德堡豪森的特蕾澤公主的婚禮。)”可知，德國(guó)慕尼黑啤酒節(jié)的起源是一場(chǎng)皇室婚禮的慶?；顒?dòng)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文對(duì)世界著名節(jié)日進(jìn)行介紹，包括巴西的狂歡節(jié)、美國(guó)新奧爾良的狂歡節(jié)、德國(guó)的啤酒節(jié)和印度的排燈節(jié)。并且這些介紹都是圍繞節(jié)日的文化背景、慶祝方式和意義展開(kāi)的，旨在向讀者普及不同國(guó)家的文化習(xí)俗。這些都符合雜志文章的風(fēng)格和內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)。故選D。BThenovelRestartwaswrittenbyGordonKormanandpublishedin2018.ThebooktellsthestoryofChase,amiddleschoolstudentwholoseshismemoryafteranaccident.Atthebeginningofthestory,Chasegetsknockedunconscious(無(wú)意識(shí)的)whenhefallsoffaroof.Whenhewakesup,hecanrememberhisname,buthedoesn’trememberhispastorhisidentity.WhenChaserecoversandreturnstoschool,hebeginstolearnabouthisownhistorythroughthereactionsoftheotherstudents.Asitturnsoutthat,Chase,onceastarathlete,usedtohavefunhurtingweakerstudents.Somepeopleareafraidofhim,someareangrywithhim,andsometreathimlikeahero.Hefindsthathedoesn’treallylikethepeoplewhousedtobehisbestfriends.Afterhisaccident,Chasealsohasadifferentpersonality.Heisnolongermalicioustootherkids.However,everyoneexpectshimtoactthesameasbefore.Ittakestimefortheotherstudentstolearntotrustthisnewversionoftheiroldclassmate.Inthisbook,eachchapterisnarrated(敘述)byadifferentcharacter,sowegettoheareverysideofthestory.GordonKormanhassaidthatheenjoyswritingforhighschoolstudentsbecausethisistheagewhenkidsbegintoformtheirownopinions.InRestart,GordonKormanaddressesthethemesoffriendship,makingmistakes,andgettingasecondchance.Thenovelexploresthestoriesofaformerbadguyandhisvictims(受害人),andgivesreadersacloselookatthewaystrustcanbelostandrebuilt.Thebigpicturecomestogetherinlittlebitsandpiecesaseachcharacterofferstheirowndetails.Everyonemakesmistakes,andsometimeseachofuswouldliketostartover.InRestart,GordonKormanshowsus.howtocorrectourmistakesandmakeituptothepeoplewehavehurt.4.WhathelpsChaserediscoverhispast?A.Hismemoryoftheaccident.B.Hisroleasaschoolhero.C.Hisfellowstudents’attitudetowardshim.D.Histeachers’descriptionabouthim.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malicious”inparagraph3mean?A.Ill-willed. B.Open-minded. C.Warm-hearted. D.Good-tempered.6.HowisRestartuniqueinwritingstyle?A.Itfeaturesattractivepictures.B.Itconsistsofobviouscomparisons.C.Itiswrittenfromtheviewofanadult.D.Itincludesnarrationsofdifferentcharacters.7.WhichstatementwouldGordonKormanmostlikelyagreewith?A.Highschoolisthebestagetorestart.B.Lostmemoriescanbebroughtback.C.Friendshipandtrustcanberegained.D.Somemistakescanneverbecorrected.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇書(shū)評(píng)。文章主要介紹了GordonKorman所寫(xiě)的小說(shuō)《Restart》的情節(jié)內(nèi)容、主題思想以及作者對(duì)于寫(xiě)作對(duì)象的喜好等，旨在向讀者介紹并評(píng)價(jià)這部小說(shuō)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“WhenChaserecoversandreturnstoschool,hebeginstolearnabouthisownhistorythroughthereactionsoftheotherstudents.Asitturnsoutthat,Chase,onceastarathlete,usedtohavefunhurtingweakerstudents.Somepeopleareafraidofhim,someareangrywithhim,andsometreathimlikeahero.Hefindsthathedoesn’treallylikethepeoplewhousedtobehisbestfriends.(Chase康復(fù)后返回學(xué)校，他開(kāi)始通過(guò)其他學(xué)生的反應(yīng)來(lái)了解自己的過(guò)往。事實(shí)證明，曾經(jīng)的明星運(yùn)動(dòng)員蔡斯曾經(jīng)以傷害較弱的學(xué)生為樂(lè)。有些人害怕他，有些人對(duì)他生氣，有些人把他當(dāng)作英雄。他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己并不喜歡那些曾經(jīng)是他最好朋友的人。)”可知，是同學(xué)們對(duì)他的態(tài)度幫助Chase重新發(fā)現(xiàn)自己過(guò)去的情況。故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句“Afterhisaccident,Chasealsohasadifferentpersonality.Heisnolongermalicioustootherkids.(意外發(fā)生后，Chase的性格也發(fā)生了變化。他不再對(duì)其他孩子______。)”可知，Chase的性格發(fā)生了變化，而從上文內(nèi)容可知，Chase以前經(jīng)常以欺負(fù)弱小同學(xué)為樂(lè)，也就是對(duì)其他孩子懷有惡意，而現(xiàn)在性格變了，不再那樣做了。由此可知，劃線單詞和“懷有惡意”相似。選項(xiàng)A“ill-willed”，意為“惡意的，心懷不軌的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Inthisbook,eachchapterisnarrated(敘述)byadifferentcharacter,sowegettoheareverysideofthestory.(在這本書(shū)中，每一章都由不同的角色來(lái)敘述，所以我們能了解到故事的各個(gè)方面。)”可知，這本書(shū)的獨(dú)特之處是每一章都由不同的角色來(lái)敘述。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“InRestart,GordonKormanaddressesthethemesoffriendship,makingmistakes,andgettingasecondchance.Thenovelexploresthestoriesofaformerbadguyandhisvictims(受害人),andgivesreadersacloselookatthewaystrustcanbelostandrebuilt.(在《重啟》中，GordonKorman探討了友誼、犯錯(cuò)和獲得第二次機(jī)會(huì)的主題。這部小說(shuō)探究了一個(gè)曾經(jīng)的壞孩子和他的受害者的故事，讓讀者近距離地看到信任是如何失去和重建的。)”可知，GordonKorman認(rèn)為友誼和信任是可以重新獲得的。故選C。CMoneydoesn’tgrowontreesbutgolddoes.ScientistsinWesternAustraliaclaim(聲稱)tohavemadeanewdiscovery-theyhavefoundgoldintheleavesandbranchesoftrees.Theresearchersbelievethatthetreestakeinthegoldfromdeepunderground,over30metresdown.Thediscoveryhasbeendescribedasthefirstofitskindintheworld.Australiangoldexplorationcompaniesarepleasedbecauseitwillmakefindinggoldcheaper.Ratherthandiggingdeepholestofindgold,theywillbeabletoexaminetreeleavesandbranches.Thetreesshowwhatishappeningundertheearth’ssurface.Thereisonlyatinyamountofgoldintheleaves.Itwouldtake500treestomakeonegoldring.ThegoldisfoundbyusingaspecialX-raymachineandapowerfulmicroscope,whichscantheleavesandbranches.Itisclaimedthatthisisthefirsttimethatgoldparticles(粒子)havebeenfoundinlivingmaterial.However,thismightnotbetrue.AncientChinesewisdomunderstoodtheconnectionbetweenplantsandthepreciousstonesandminerals(礦物質(zhì))underneaththem.Theyusedplantlifetofindminerals-andthatwasthousandsofyearsago.IntheZhouDynasty,itwaswritteninabookthatacertainplantgrewonlyneardeposits(礦床)ofgold.Overthenext2,000years,Chinesepeoplewroteaboutdifferentplantsandhowtheygrew,showingwheremineralsandpreciousstonessuchasjade,copper,lead,silverandgoldwere.Moreimportantly,aroundtheyear1000.SuSong,aChinesescientistbornin1020,toldabouthowPortulacaplantscouldproducemercury(汞)whentheywerecrushed,driedandlefttorot(腐爛).Thatwascertainlythefirsttimeeverthatametalwasobtainedfromaplant.ThePreviousSecretsoftheRealmoftheKingofXin,writtenduringtheMingDynasty,describedhowdifferentmetalswereobservedandextracted(提煉)fromcertainplants.Thisknowledgewasunknownintherestoftheworlduntilabout1600,whenaBritishmanrealizedthatoaktreesgrewlargerandgreenerwheretherewasalumintheground.MaybeancientChineseknowledgehasmoretoteachmodernscientists.8.AccordingtoAustralianscientists,wherecangoldbeprobablyfound?A.Intherootsoftrees. B.Intheleavesoftrees.C.Inthetreeseverywhere. D.Onthegroundneartrees.9.Howcanwetellwhetherthereisgoldornotinthetrees?A.Bydiggingdeepholesinthetrees.B.Bycuttingtheleavesoftreesintopieces.C.Byexaminingthesurfaceofthegroundunderthetrees.D.Byscanningtheleavesandbrancheswithspecialscientifictools.10.Whofirstfoundtheconnectionbetweenplantsandminerals?A.Australianscientists. B.AmodernscientistC.AncientChinesepeople. D.ABritishscientist.11.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopparagraph3?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bylistingfigures.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byanalyzingeffects.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家在澳大利亞西部發(fā)現(xiàn)樹(shù)木枝葉中含有黃金的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，并探討了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義以及與此相關(guān)的古代中國(guó)的智慧和知識(shí)。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ScientistsinWesternAustraliaclaim(聲稱)tohavemadeanewdiscovery-theyhavefoundgoldintheleavesandbranchesoftrees.(西澳大利亞的科學(xué)家宣稱有了一項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)——他們?cè)跇?shù)木的枝葉中發(fā)現(xiàn)了金子。)”可知，根據(jù)澳大利亞科學(xué)家的說(shuō)法，金子可能在樹(shù)木的葉子中被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThegoldisfoundbyusingaspecialX-raymachineandapowerfulmicroscope,whichscantheleavesandbranches.(人們是通過(guò)使用一種特殊的X光機(jī)和一臺(tái)高倍顯微鏡來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)金子的，它們可以對(duì)樹(shù)葉和樹(shù)枝進(jìn)行掃描檢測(cè)。)”可知，我們可以通過(guò)用特殊的科學(xué)工具掃描樹(shù)葉和樹(shù)枝來(lái)判斷樹(shù)里是否有金子。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AncientChinesewisdomunderstoodtheconnectionbetweenplantsandthepreciousstonesandminerals(礦物質(zhì))underneaththem.Theyusedplantlifetofindminerals-andthatwasthousandsofyearsago.(中國(guó)古代的智慧就已經(jīng)知曉植物與它們下方的寶石、礦物質(zhì)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)了。他們利用植物來(lái)尋找礦物質(zhì)——而這是在數(shù)千年前就有的做法了。)”可知，古代中國(guó)人首先發(fā)現(xiàn)了植物和礦物質(zhì)之間的聯(lián)系。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容可知，第三段先是提出“However,thismightnotbetrue.AncientChinesewisdomunderstoodtheconnectionbetweenplantsandthepreciousstonesandminerals(礦物質(zhì))underneaththem.(然而，這或許并非事實(shí)。中國(guó)古代的智慧就已經(jīng)知曉植物與它們下方的寶石、礦物質(zhì)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)了。)”這一觀點(diǎn)，隨后通過(guò)列舉不同時(shí)期的例子來(lái)進(jìn)行論證說(shuō)明，比如提到在周朝時(shí)期，書(shū)中記載某種植物只生長(zhǎng)在金礦礦床附近；又舉例說(shuō)明公元1000年左右，蘇頌講述馬齒莧植物能產(chǎn)生汞的情況；還提到明朝時(shí)期《新王國(guó)內(nèi)幕》中描述從某些植物中觀察并提煉不同金屬等內(nèi)容，都是通過(guò)具體的事例來(lái)展開(kāi)論述，以支撐古代中國(guó)人很早就發(fā)現(xiàn)植物與礦物質(zhì)關(guān)聯(lián)這一觀點(diǎn)的。故選A。DTherehavebeenconcernsthatvideogamesmightdamageourmentalandphysicalwell-being.Recently,moreresearcheshaverevealedtheseworriesarelargelyunfounded.Nevertheless,thereexistsadeep-seatedideathatplayingthemrotsyourbrain—it’seasytoviewthemasanunproductivewasteoftime.Butinreality,istheoppositethecase?Foryears,“brain-training”gamesandappshavebeenbelievedtobeaneffectivewaytopromoteourcognitive(認(rèn)知的)abilitiesorintelligence.asit’sthoughtthatbyplayingaseriesofquickfirepuzzlesfocusingonthingslikememoryorspatial(空間的)awareness,overtimeourabilitiesintheseareaswillimprove;theoretically,sowillourgeneralintelligence.Fromaresearchviewpoint,thekeyliesinwhetherplayingthesesortsofgamesresultsin“transfer”effects(遷移效應(yīng))—“near”and“far”transfereffects:neareffectsrelatetowhetherplayingonememorygameresultsinimprovementsinothermemorygames,whereasfareffectsrelatetowhetherplayingthatgameresultsinageneralimprovementincognitiveabilities.Somestudieshavepointedoutbrain-traininggamesshowweakneareffects.Asforfareffects,there’snostrongevidencethishappens.However,thingsgetinterestingwhenbrain-traininggamesarecomparedwithvideogames.Ina2015studycomparingthebrain-traininggameSmartPwiththevideogameMazix,researchersfoundSmartPplayersdidn’tshowincreasesinproblem-solvingandspatialskills,butMazixplayersdid.Morerecently,in2020,researchersinSwedenstudieddatafromsome9,000childrenandfoundthatkidsaged9or10whoplayedvideogamesforabove-averageamountsoftimedidn’tshowanydifferencesinintelligencecomparedwiththoseplayingless.Twoyearslater,theydiscoveredthatby12,thekidsplayingvideogameshad2.5moreIQpointsthanaverage.Whyvideogamesresultinimprovementsincognitiveabilitiesovermoretargetedgamesisn’tclear.Oneargumentistodowiththeamountoftimeinvested:whereasbrain-trainingappstendtooffermini-gamesoverashorttime,videogameshaveplayersinvolvedandrequiresustained(持久的)levelsofattentionandproblem-solving.Despitesomepromisingfindings,it’scurrentlyunsafetosaythatvideogamesmakeussmarter.Meanwhile,videogamescanofferbothadvantagesandrisks,soit’simportanttobecautiousandavoidmakingquickjudgments.12.Whatdopeopleusuallythinkofbrain-traininggames?A.Theyareawasteoftime. B.Theymaypromoteourconcentration.C.Theyareeasilyaccessible. D.Theycanimproveourintelligence.13.WhatdoweknowaboutMazixplayers?A.Theyshowedsignsoffareffects.BTheyhadagreattalentforvideogames.C.Theyshowedincreasesingamingskills.D.Theyprovedtheimportanceofneareffects.14.Whatdidthestudyin2020show?A.ThelimitedeffectsofageonIQpoints.B.Thebenefitsofvideogamesovertime.C.Theadvantagesofbraintraininggames.D.Thenegativeimpactsofvideogames.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DoBrain-trainingGamesReallyWork?B.CouldVideoGamesMakeUsSmarter?C.VideoGamesorBrain-trainingGames?D.ShouldWeStopPlayingVideoGames?【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要探討了關(guān)于電子游戲?qū)φJ(rèn)知能力影響的研究，對(duì)比了“大腦訓(xùn)練”游戲與電子游戲在提升認(rèn)知能力方面的效果，并指出了目前研究中存在的不確定性以及對(duì)待電子游戲應(yīng)有的謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Foryears,“brain-training”gamesandappshavebeenbelievedtobeaneffectivewaytopromoteourcognitive(認(rèn)知的)abilitiesorintelligence.(多年來(lái)，“大腦訓(xùn)練”類游戲和應(yīng)用程序一直被認(rèn)為是提升我們認(rèn)知能力或智力的有效途徑。)”可知，人們通常認(rèn)為大腦訓(xùn)練游戲能夠提升我們的智力。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Fromaresearchviewpoint,thekeyliesinwhetherplayingthesesortsofgamesresultsin“transfer”effects(遷移效應(yīng))—“near”and“far”transfereffects:neareffectsrelatetowhetherplayingonememorygameresultsinimprovementsinothermemorygames,whereasfareffectsrelatetowhetherplayingthatgameresultsinageneralimprovementincognitiveabilities.(從研究的角度來(lái)看，關(guān)鍵在于玩這類游戲是否會(huì)產(chǎn)生“遷移”效應(yīng)——“近”遷移效應(yīng)和“遠(yuǎn)”遷移效應(yīng)：近遷移效應(yīng)涉及玩一款記憶游戲是否會(huì)使玩家在其他記憶游戲中的表現(xiàn)有所提高，而遠(yuǎn)遷移效應(yīng)則關(guān)乎玩那款游戲是否會(huì)使認(rèn)知能力得到全面提升。)”以及第四段“However,thingsgetinterestingwhenbrain-traininggamesarecomparedwithvideogames.Ina2015studycomparingthebrain-traininggameSmartPwiththevideogameMazix,researchersfoundSmartPplayersdidn’tshowincreasesinproblem-solvingandspatialskills,butMazixplayersdid.(然而，當(dāng)把大腦訓(xùn)練游戲與電子游戲進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，情況就變得有趣了。在2015年一項(xiàng)將大腦訓(xùn)練游戲《智能P》與電子游戲《馬齊克斯》進(jìn)行對(duì)比的研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，《智能P》的玩家在解決問(wèn)題和空間技能方面并沒(méi)有提高，而《馬齊克斯》的玩家卻有提高。)”可知，遠(yuǎn)遷移效應(yīng)是指玩游戲是否會(huì)使認(rèn)知能力得到全面提升，《馬齊克斯》的玩家在解決問(wèn)題和空間技能方面有提高，意味著在認(rèn)知能力上有積極變化。由此可知，《馬齊克斯》體現(xiàn)出了遠(yuǎn)遷移效應(yīng)的相關(guān)跡象。故選A。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Morerecently,in2020,researchersinSwedenstudieddatafromsome9,000childrenandfoundthatkidsaged9or10whoplayedvideogamesforabove-averageamountsoftimedidn’tshowanydifferencesinintelligencecomparedwiththoseplayingless.Twoyearslater,theydiscoveredthatby12,thekidsplayingvideogameshad2.5moreIQpointsthanaverage.(更近一些，在2020年，瑞典的研究人員研究了約9000名兒童的數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)9歲或10歲且玩電子游戲時(shí)間高于平均水平的孩子，與玩游戲時(shí)間較少的孩子相比，在智力方面并沒(méi)有顯示出差異。兩年后，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，到了12歲時(shí)，玩電子游戲的孩子比平均智商高出2.5分。)”可知，隨著時(shí)間的推移，玩電子游戲是有好處的，即能讓孩子的智商有所提高。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章開(kāi)篇先是提到人們對(duì)電子游戲損害身心健康的擔(dān)憂，接著引出“大腦訓(xùn)練”游戲被認(rèn)為可提升智力這一觀點(diǎn)以及相關(guān)的遷移效應(yīng)情況，然后重點(diǎn)通過(guò)將大腦訓(xùn)練游戲與電子游戲?qū)Ρ鹊难芯浚ㄈ?015年的研究以及2020年、2022年關(guān)于兒童玩電子游戲與智商關(guān)系的研究等），探討了電子游戲是否能提升認(rèn)知能力、是否能讓我們變得更聰明這一話題，最后指出目前雖有一些積極發(fā)現(xiàn)，但還不能肯定電子游戲能讓我們更聰明，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)其有好處也有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，要謹(jǐn)慎判斷。選項(xiàng)B“CouldVideoGamesMakeUsSmarter?(電子游戲能讓我們變得更聰明嗎？)”很好地概括了文章圍繞電子游戲能否提升認(rèn)知能力、讓我們變得更聰明這一核心內(nèi)容進(jìn)行探討的主題，符合題意。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThePowerofPositivethinkingPositivethinkingisamentalattitudethatfocusesonthebrightsideoflifeandexpectspositiveoutcomes.___16___Throughoutthispiece,wewillexploretheconceptofpositivethinking,itsbenefits,andhowtocultivate(培養(yǎng))it.___17___Positivethinkingmeanschoosingtofocusonthepositiveaspectsofasituationratherthanconcentrateonthenegative.Itisnotaboutignoringproblemsbutratheraboutapproachingthemwithaconstructiveandhopefulmindset.Thisattitudecantransformthewaywefacechallengesandopenupnewpossibilitiesforsolutions.BenefitsofPositiveThinkingThebenefitsofpositivethinkingarevastandincludeimprovedmentalandphysicalhealth.Peoplewhopracticepositivethinkingtendtohavelowerstresslevelsandastrongerimmune(免疫的)system.___18___.Itisobviousthatoptimisticindividualsareoftenmorepleasanttobearoundandcanpromoteasupportiveenvironment.TechniquesforCultivatingPositiveThinking___19___.Oneeffectivetechniqueistochallengenegativethoughtsandreplacethemwithpositivestatements.Anotherusefulmethodistopracticegratitudebyfocusingonthethingsoneisthankfulforeachday.However,practicingpositivethinkingdoesnotmeanignoringreality.___20___.So,let’smakeanefforttocultivatethispositivemindset.A.InfluenceofPositiveThinkingB.UnderstandingPositiveThinkingC.Instead,itmeansfacinglife’supsanddownswithahopefuloutlookD.CultivatingpositivethinkingisaskillthatcanbedevelopedovertimeE.Additionally,positivethinkingcanpromotebetterpersonalrelationshipsF.SurroundingoneselfwithpositiveinfluencescancontributetoapositivemindsetG.Itisaphilosophythatencouragesindividualstofacechallengeswithoptimisticmindsets【答案】16.G17.B18.E19.D20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章圍繞“積極思考”這一主題展開(kāi)，闡述了積極思考的含義、積極思考帶來(lái)的益處并介紹了培養(yǎng)積極思考的技巧?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Positivethinkingisamentalattitudethatfocusesonthebrightsideoflifeandexpectspositiveoutcomes.(積極思考是一種關(guān)注生活光明面并期待積極結(jié)果的心態(tài)。)”可知，上文提出積極思考這一概念。選項(xiàng)G“Itisaphilosophythatencouragesindividualstofacechallengeswithoptimisticmindsets(它是一種鼓勵(lì)人們以樂(lè)觀心態(tài)面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的理念。)”進(jìn)一步對(duì)積極思考這種心態(tài)進(jìn)行了闡釋，邏輯連貫，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?7題詳解】空處為小標(biāo)題，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Positivethinkingmeanschoosingtofocusonthepositiveaspectsofasituationratherthanconcentrateonthenegative.Itisnotaboutignoringproblemsbutratheraboutapproachingthemwithaconstructiveandhopefulmindset.Thisattitudecantransformthewaywefacechallengesandopenupnewpossibilitiesforsolutions.(積極思考意味著選擇關(guān)注事態(tài)的積極方面，而非專注于消極之處。這并非是忽視問(wèn)題，而是以一種建設(shè)性且充滿希望的心態(tài)去應(yīng)對(duì)問(wèn)題。這種態(tài)度能夠改變我們面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的方式，并為找到解決方案開(kāi)辟新的可能性。)”可知，本段主要解釋了積極思考的具體含義。選項(xiàng)B“UnderstandingPositiveThinking(理解積極思考)”能概括這部分對(duì)積極思考概念的解讀，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thebenefitsofpositivethinkingarevastandincludeimprovedmentalandphysicalhealth.Peoplewhopracticepositivethinkingtendtohavelowerstresslevelsandastrongerimmune(免疫的)system.(積極思考的益處眾多，包括改善身心健康。進(jìn)行積極思考的人往往壓力水平更低，免疫系統(tǒng)也更強(qiáng)。)”可知，上文指出了積極思考的益處。選項(xiàng)E“Additionally,positivethinkingcanpromotebetterpersonalrelationships(此外，積極思考能夠促進(jìn)更好的人際關(guān)系。)”繼續(xù)闡述了積極思考的另一個(gè)益處，與前文并列，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。19題詳解】根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“TechniquesforCultivatingPositiveThinking(培養(yǎng)積極思考技巧)”可知，本段講述了積極思考的技巧。選項(xiàng)D“Cultivatingpositivethinkingisaskillthatcanbedevelopedovertime(培養(yǎng)積極思考是一種可以隨時(shí)間發(fā)展的技能)”呼應(yīng)了小標(biāo)題，引出了后面介紹具體培養(yǎng)技巧的內(nèi)容，符合邏輯。故選D。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“However,practicingpositivethinkingdoesnotmeanignoringreality.(然而，踐行積極思考并不意味著忽視現(xiàn)實(shí)。)”可知，上文指出積極思考并不意味著忽視現(xiàn)實(shí)。選項(xiàng)C“Instead,itmeansfacinglife’supsanddownswithahopefuloutlook(相反，它意味著帶著充滿希望的前景去面對(duì)生活的起起落落。)”對(duì)前文進(jìn)行了承接，解釋了踐行積極思考真正意味著什么，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Tomandhisbestfriend,Jack,werebothnatureenthusiasts.Theylovedexploringthegreatoutdoorsandhadplannedatwo-day___21___inthemountains.Theyhad___22___alltheessentials,includingamap,compass(指南針),firstaidkit,andenoughfood.Thefirstday’sdaytimewas___23___.Theyhikedthroughtheforest,admiringthebeautyofthetoweringtreesandthevibrantwildlife.However,asduskfell,theyfoundthemselveslost.Despiteusingtheircompass,thethickforestand___24___affectedtheirnavigation(導(dǎo)航).Hearing___25___water,theydiscoveredariveranddecidedtofollowit,hopingforacampsite.Theriverwaswiderandfasterthanexpected.Theyattemptedto___26___viaafallentree,butitbrokeunderTom’s___27___,andhefellintotheriver,___28___bythecurrent.Jackracedalongthe___29___,eventuallyreachingTomastherivercalmed.Usingabranch,hepulledTomtosafety.Wetand____30____,theymadecamp,startingafiretodryoffandwarmup.Theyspentthenight____31____theirsurvivalandtheneedtorespectnature.Thenextday,asearchandrescueteamfoundthem,havingbeenreported____32____bytheirfamilies.Theexperiencehadbeen____33____,butithadalsotaughtthemavaluable____34____abouttheimportanceofbeingpreparedand____35____thepowerofnature.21A.hike B.run C.play D.rest22.A.stored B.forgotten C.ordered D.packed23.A.uneventful B.worthless C.boring D.disappointing24.A.danger B.wild C.equipment D.darkness25.A.freezing B.deep C.rushing D.clear26.A.swim B.cross C.fight D.jump27.A.height B.weight C.size D.appearance28.A.sweptaway B.burnedout C.pickedup D.takenover29.A.forest B.bank C.path D.hill30.A.excited B.energetic C.tired D.emotional31.A.reflectingon B.concentratingon C.stickingto D.respondingto32.A.dangerous B.proud C.missing D.concerned33.A.meaningful B.frightening C.individual D.beneficial34.A.struggle B.journey C.lesson D.emergency35.A.enjoying B.admiring C.ignoring D.respecting【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.D25.C26.B27.B28.A29.B30.C31.A32.C33.B34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Tom和Jack一次戶外徒步旅行中的冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷，包括準(zhǔn)備、迷路、遇險(xiǎn)、自救以及事后的反思和教訓(xùn)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們熱愛(ài)探索戶外，并計(jì)劃了一次為期兩天的山地徒步旅行。A.hike徒步旅行；B.run跑；C.play玩；D.rest休息。根據(jù)上文“Theylovedexploringthegreatoutdoors”以及下文“Theyhikedthroughtheforest,admiringthebeautyofthetoweringtreesandthevibrantwildlife.”可知，倆人計(jì)劃了一次山地徒步旅行。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們打包了所有必需品，包括地圖、指南針、急救包和足夠的食物。A.stored存儲(chǔ)；B.forgotten忘記；C.ordered訂購(gòu)、命令；D.packed打包。根據(jù)上文可知，倆人計(jì)劃了一次山地徒步旅行；再根據(jù)空后“alltheessentials,includingamap,compass(指南針),firstaidkit,andenoughfood”可推測(cè)，倆人計(jì)劃了徒步旅行后，打包了徒步旅行的必需品。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：第一天的白天平淡無(wú)奇。A.uneventful平淡無(wú)奇的；平靜無(wú)事的；B.worthless無(wú)價(jià)值的；C.boring無(wú)聊的；D.disappointing令人失望的。根據(jù)下文“Theyhikedthroughtheforest,admiringthebeautyofthetoweringtreesandthevibrantwildlife.”以及“However,asduskfell,theyfoundthemselveslost.”中的“however”可推測(cè)，第一天的白天一切順利，沒(méi)什么事情發(fā)生。故選A。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管使用了指南針，但茂密的森林和黑暗影響了他們的導(dǎo)航。A.danger危險(xiǎn)；B.wild野外；C.equipment設(shè)備；D.darkness黑暗。根據(jù)上文“However,asduskfell,theyfoundthemselveslost.”可知，天黑后他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己迷路了。再根據(jù)上文“thethickforest”可推測(cè)，森林和黑暗影響了導(dǎo)航。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：聽(tīng)到湍急的流水聲，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條河，并決定沿著它走，希望能找到