北京市西城區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末英語試題 含解析

北京市西城區(qū)2023—2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末試卷高二英語本試卷共14頁，共140分?？荚嚂r長120分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第Ⅰ卷（共75分）Ⅰ.聽力理解（共三節(jié)，22.5分）第一節(jié):(共4小題;每小題1.5分,共6分)聽下面四段對話，每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話你將聽一遍。1.Whatwillthemanprobablybuyintheend?A.Juice.B.Water.C.Coke.2.WhatisthewomangoingtodoonSunday?A.Enjoyaconcert.B.Seeafilm.C.Workonaproject.3.HowdidSamgotoschooltoday?A.Bybike.B.Onfoot.C.Bybus.4.Wholikescomedy?A.Theman.B.Theman’smother.C.Theman’sfather.第二節(jié)：（共6小題；每小題1.5分，共9分）聽下面三段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有兩道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話或獨白你將聽兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。5.Whydidthewomangotothelibrary?A.Tomeettheman.B.Tocheckthetextbook.C.Topreparefortheexam.6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Classmates.B.Workmates.C.Neighbors.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。7.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisperformancetoday?A.Excited.B.Disappointed.C.Surprised.8Whatisthewomandoing?A.Hostingaceremony.B.Doinganinterview.C.Askingforadvice.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。9.Whatcanyoulearnaboutthetour?A.Itwilllastfourdays.B.Nomealswillbeprovided.C.Studentswillmeetsomeartists.10.Whatisthespeaker’smainpurposeingivingthistalk?A.Topersuadestudentstojoinatour.B.Toinvitestudentstobetourguides.C.Toinformstudentsofatourarrangement.第三節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面一段獨白，根據(jù)題目要求在相應(yīng)的橫線上寫下第11題至第15題的關(guān)鍵信息。每小題僅填寫一個詞。這段獨白你將聽兩遍。HowtoHaveaSenseofHumor11yourself■Havealight-heartedattitudeaboutyourself■Learnto12atyourself.Giveothersa13■Beforgivingandfocusonpositives■Trynottotakeotherstoo14Watchandlearn■Observeotherpeople■Watch15withvariedhumorⅡ.完形填空（共15小題；每小題1.5分，共22.5分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ItwasaSundayafternooninMay.PaulBlachutwasbusyworkingatarestaurantinscenicAugsburg,Germany.Manytouristscameforfoodattheprettyplacebesidetheriver,wherethemeltwaterwascoldatthistimeofyear.Amotherandherdaughterwere___1___thecoolingwaterbytheriverbank.Theywereplayingwithaninflatabletubehappilywhen___2___thegirllostherfootingandwascaughtintheriver’scurrent.Ithappenedsofastthatthegirldesperatelygrabbed(抓)ontothetube,whichhermotherwassittingin,throwingherintotheriver,too.Blachutheardthesuddenshout,“Twowomenaredrowningintheriver!”Thenhehurriedtothe___3___,wherehespottedthemtryingtograbanythingtheycould.Hewashorrifiedtoseethatoneofthemkeptsinking.Blachut’smind___4___,“HowcanIhelpthem?”___5___havingnolifesavingtraining,herusheddowntotheriverbank.Quicklyhe___6___hisT-shirtandjumpedintotheriver.Hedidn’tcareaboutthecold;allhecouldthinkaboutwassavingthewomen.Itwasobvioustheywere___7___.AsBlachutgotclosertothem,hecould___8___thatthemotherseemedtobeinthemosttrouble.Shewasdrowning.He___9___afilminwhichalifeguardgrabbedadrowningvictim’sbody,pullingthepersonashorewhileswimmingonhisback.Blachuttriedthis,butthewoman’sclothingmadeherso____10____;hekeptbeingdraggedunder,too.Heneededanew____11____.Hequicklydivedunderthedrowningwoman,____12____herupwardandusingthatmomentum(水勢)totakehertowardtheshore.Atthattime,anonlookerwasableto____13____thewoman’shand,pullingherashore.ThenBlachutjumpedintotheriveragain.Heswamdownstream,gotholdofthedaughter,andwasabletogetheroutinthesameway,too.Severalonlookersexpressedtheir____14____forBlachutfollowingtheincident.However,Blachutwas____15____abouthisrole,“ThewholerescueonlytookseveralminutesandIamhappytoreceiveyourpraise.”1.A.enjoying B.buying C.drinking D.pouring2.A.slowly B.naturally C.fortunately D.suddenly3.A.pool B.restaurant C.shore D.tube4.A.stopped B.raced C.wandered D.worked5.A.Without B.Despite C.Besides D.For6.A.putaway B.triedon C.tookoff D.hungup7.A.helpless B.dangerous C.calm D.busy8.A.share B.express C.respond D.tell9.A.mentioned B.recalled C.rent D.shot10.A.pretty B.soft C.heavy D.strong11.A.schedule B.task C.message D.plan12.A.pushing B.flying C.rolling D.pulling13.A.wave B.clap C.grasp D.shake14.A.surprise B.admiration C.happiness D.hope15.A.curious B.careful C.passionate D.modest【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B5.B6.C7.A8.D9.B10.C11.D12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在餐廳工作的PaulBlachut不顧自己的安全，跳進冰冷的水中去救一對因意外溺水的母女的事跡?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一位母親和她的女兒正在河岸邊享受清涼的水。A.enjoying享受；B.buying買；C.drinking喝；D.pouring傾倒。由下文“Theywereplayingwithaninflatabletubehappily”可知，身為游客的這對母女在河邊享受清涼的水。故選A項。【2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她們正在愉快地玩游泳圈，突然女孩失足，被河水卷走了。A.slowly緩慢地；B.naturally自然地；C.fortunately幸運地；D.suddenly突然地。由下文“Ithappenedsofast”可知，女孩落入水中，是突然發(fā)生的意外。故選D項。【3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他急忙趕到岸邊，在那里他發(fā)現(xiàn)她們試圖抓住任何能抓住的東西。A.pool水塘；B.restaurant餐館；C.shore岸；D.tube管狀物。由“wherehespottedthemtryingtograbanythingtheycould”可知，聽到母女二人溺水，Blachut趕到了岸邊看情況。故選C項。【4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Blachut的腦子里飛快地想：“我該怎么幫她們？”A.stopped停止；B.raced快速轉(zhuǎn)動；C.wandered漫步；D.worked工作。由上文“Hewashorrifiedtoseethatoneofthemkeptsinking.”和下文“HowcanIhelpthem?”可知，看到其中一人情況危急，Blachut腦子飛速思考該如何救人。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管沒有接受過救生訓(xùn)練，他還是沖下了河岸。A.Without沒有；B.Despite盡管；C.Besides除……之外；D.For為了。由本處語境可知，前后存在讓步關(guān)系，用Despite突出Blachut英勇無畏、不顧自己的安全救人。故選B項。【6題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他很快脫下T恤跳進河里。A.putaway收起；B.triedon試穿；C.tookoff脫下；D.hungup懸掛。由常識可知，因為衣服在水中會變得很重，下水一般要脫衣服。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：很明顯，她們很無助。A.helpless無助的；B.dangerous危險的；C.calm鎮(zhèn)定的；D.busy繁忙的。由上文“Twowomenaredrowningintheriver!”和“Hewashorrifiedtoseethatoneofthemkeptsinking.”可知，兩位女士處于生死關(guān)頭，此時是感到無助的。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Blachut離她們越來越近時，他可以看出母親似乎遇到了最大的麻煩。A.share分享；B.express表達；C.respond回應(yīng)；D.tell識別、辨別。由“thatthemotherseemedtobeinthemosttrouble”可知，Blachut下水救人，游得越近，他辨別出母親身處的麻煩最大。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他回憶起一部電影，在這部電影中，一名救生員抓住一名溺水者的身體，在他仰面游泳時將其拖上岸。A.mentioned提到；B.recalled回憶；C.rent租；D.shot射擊。由“afilminwhichalifeguardgrabbedadrowningvictim’sbody,pullingthepersonashorewhileswimmingonhisback”可知，此處指Blachut回憶電影中救溺水者的場景。故選B項?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Blachut試過這個辦法，但那女人的衣服使她顯得那么重；他也一直被拖下水。A.pretty漂亮的；B.soft柔軟的；C.heavy沉重的；D.strong強壯的。由下文“hekeptbeingdraggedunder,too”可知，Blachut被拖下水是因為溺水者泡了水的衣服變得很重。故選C項?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他需要一個新的計劃。A.schedule工作日程；B.task任務(wù)；C.message消息；D.plan計劃。由下文“Hequicklydivedunderthedrowningwoman…”可知，Blachut采取電影中救人方法不成，他需要另一個救人計劃。故選D項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他迅速潛入溺水女子的身下，將她向上推，并利用水勢將她帶向岸邊。A.pushing推；B.flying飛；C.rolling翻滾；D.pulling拉。由下文“upward”可知，溺水者在下沉，要救溺水者，需要把他們推向水面。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)時，一名旁觀者抓住了這名女子的手，將她拉上岸。A.wave揮手；B.clap鼓掌；C.grasp抓??；D.shake搖。由上文語境可知，Blachut把那位母親推向水面，此時一位旁觀者前來相助，抓住了溺水母親的手，把她拉上岸。故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：事件發(fā)生后，幾名旁觀者對Blachut救人表示欽佩。A.surprise驚訝；B.admiration欽佩；C.happiness快樂；D.hope希望。由上文語境可知，Blachut沒有接受過救生訓(xùn)練，還是不顧安危、英勇無畏救了母女二人，大家對他表示欽佩。故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，Blachut對自己起的作用很謙虛：“整個救援只花了幾分鐘，我很高興收到你們的贊揚。”A.curious好奇的；B.careful認真的；C.passionate熱情的；D.modest謙虛的。由下文“ThewholerescueonlytookseveralminutesandIamhappytoreceiveyourpraise”可知，Blachut輕描淡寫地描述整個驚險的救人過程，弱化自己起的作用，說明他是一個很謙虛的人。故選D項。Ⅲ.閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ARegeneronScienceTalentSearch(RegeneronSTS)istheoldestandmostimportantscienceresearchcompetitionforhighschoolstudentsalloverthenation.Startedin1942,RegeneronSTSrecognizesandempowersmostpromisingyoungscientists.Eachyear,nearly2,000studentsenterRegeneronSTS.Thecompetitionawards300studentscholarsandtheirschoolsannuallyandinvites40studentfinaliststoWashington,D.C.toparticipateinfinaljudging.RegeneronSTSprovidesanimportantplatformfortheiroriginalresearchwhichisexaminedandreviewedbyprofessionalscientists.Whataretherequirements?●Applicantsmustbeover13yearsofageandhavelegalparentalpermissiontosubmit(提交)theapplicationandparticipate,orbe18yearsofageorolder;●ApplicantsmustcompleteindividualresearchprojectstoenterRegeneronSTS.Researchconductedaspartofapre-collegiatestudentteamprojectisnotqualifiedforRegeneronSTS;●Applicantsmustsubmitapplicationpackagethroughouronlinesystem,andmustnothaveenteredanypreviousRegeneronSTS.Whatarethecorecomponentsofanapplication?●Essays,shortanswerresponses,activitiesandbasicinformation;●ScientificResearchReport(maximum20researchpaperaboutoneoftheapplicant’soriginalresearchprojects);●Recommendationssubmittedbyadults;●TestScores(optional).Whatcouldtheapplicantswin?●PARTICIPATIONAWARDS:AllcompetitorswillreceiveaT-shirt,laptopstickers,andafreeone-yearsubscriptiontoScienceNewsmagazine.●SCHOLARAWARDS:Eachofthe300scholarswillreceivea$2,000award.●SCHOOLAWARDS:Theschoolsofeachscholarwillreceive$2,000perscholar.Theawardisintendedtocontributetoexcellenceinscience,mathand/orengineeringeducationattheschool.●FINALISTAWARDS:Judgesselect40finalistsfromamongthescholars.Inadditiontoanall-expense-paidtriptoWashington,D.C.,finalistsreceiveaminimumawardof$25,000.16.FromParagraph1,weknowthatRegeneronSTS________.A.wasstartedbeforethe1940sB.recognizes40scholarseveryyearC.isaplatformforprofessionalscientistsD.isanationwidescienceresearchcompetition17.Accordingtothepassage,applicantsarerequiredto________.A.beover18yearsoldB.submitapplicationsonlineC.haveenteredRegeneronSTSbeforeD.havecompletedtheresearchforateamproject18.Whowillwinaminimumawardof$25,000?A.Eachfinalist. B.Eachparticipant.C.Eachscholar. D.Eachofthescholars’school.【答案】16D17.B18.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹全國性的科學(xué)研究競賽RegeneronSTS?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“RegeneronScienceTalentSearch(RegeneronSTS)istheoldestandmostimportantscienceresearchcompetitionforhighschoolstudentsalloverthenation.(Regeneron科學(xué)人才搜索（RegeneronSTS）是全國最古老、最重要的高中生科學(xué)研究競賽。)”可知，RegeneronSTS是全國性的科學(xué)研究競賽。故選D?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whataretherequirements?部分第三條“Applicantsmustsubmitapplicationpackagethroughouronlinesystem(申請人必須通過我們的在線系統(tǒng)提交申請包)”可知，申請人需要在線提交申請。故選B。【18題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatcouldtheapplicantswin?部分最后一條“Inadditiontoanall-expense-paidtriptoWashington,D.C.,finalistsreceiveaminimumawardof$25,000.(入圍者除了可以免費前往華盛頓特區(qū)，還可以獲得最低2.5萬美元的獎金)”可知，參加決賽者還將獲得最低25000美元的獎勵。故選A。BWhenIwasanundergraduatestudentstudyingecology,Iwasusedtodiscoveringoveralltrendsinlargeamountsofdata.Thethoughtofgettingmyhandsdirtyinthefieldneverseemedinterestingtome.Isawitasaboringandrepetitivetask.ButIknewpotentialgraduateschoolswouldlikelyviewmylackoffieldexperienceasaholeinmyapplicationletter.MymotheralsothoughtIshouldworkforafewyearstoexploremyinterestsbeforepursuingfurthereducation.SoIdecidedtoapplyforfield-basedsummerpositionsaftergraduation.AfterlandingajobassessingthesagegrousehabitatinUtah,IfoundmyselfinthecompanyofSherel,a75-year-oldbotanistandtheleaderofourfieldcrew.Ontheveryfirstdayofthefieldwork,Inoticedaspecialplantonthefield.“Wonderful!Lookslikeyou’vegotaMahoniarepens,”Sherelshoutedexcitedly.Igentlytouchedtheplantwithyellowflowersbymyfeet,“Thisonehere?Howcanyoutellit’saMahonia?”Hepausedbrieflytoadmiretheplantandthenbeganhisenergeticdescriptionoftheplant’stypicalfeatures.Thatevening,whilewewerewatchingthesunsettogether,Itextedmychildhoodfriend.“DayIwasactuallykindoffun,”Istarted,“butwe’llseehowlongittakesbeforeIgetboredfromjustidentifyingplantsinthefieldallday.”Butastheweeksoffieldworkrolledby,theboredomIhadexpectedneverarrived.Icamehomefromthefieldeachnightwithsorelegsandasunburnedneck,excitedbytheday’sfinds.BypickingSherel’sbrainaboutdifferentspeciesofanimalsandplants,Idiscoveredfielddaysareaboutmuchmorethanidentification.Eachdayisanopportunitytolearnalittlebitmore.Whenthesummerwasover,Ifoundmyselfinanotherfieldjob,thistimesurveyingforestinMichigan’sUpperPeninsula.I’mnowathird-yearPh.D.studentinecology.Fieldworkmaybebuggy,wet,andphysicallydemanding,butworkingwithothershelpskeepspiritshighandthephysicalactivityhelpsmestaysharp.Anditconstantlyremindsmethatanytaskcanpresentanopportunitytolearn—aslongasIamopentoit.19.WhydidtheauthorjointhefieldworkinUtah?A.Tofindoutoveralltrendsindata. B.Toassessthesagegrousehabitat.C.Toimprovehisapplicationletter. D.Torealizehismother’sdream.20.OnthefirstdayofthefieldworkinUtah,theauthor______.A.arguedwithSherel B.complainedtohisfriendC.becamealeaderofhisgroup D.discoveredaMahoniarepens21.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoffieldworknow?A.Easybutinteresting. B.Boringbutfruitful.C.Tiringbutmeaningful. D.Repetitivebutdemanding.22.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Weshouldexplorefunindailytasks. B.Weshouldbeopentonewexperiences.C.Weshouldrespectthepeoplearoundus. D.Weshouldbedeterminedaboutourgoals.【答案】19.C20.D21.C22.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，作者是一名研究生態(tài)學(xué)的本科生，不愿意進行田野里實地研究，在母親的勸說下，為進一步深造做準(zhǔn)備，作者在畢業(yè)后申請了實地暑期職位，這段經(jīng)歷讓作者明白任何任務(wù)都可以提供學(xué)習(xí)的機會?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中“WhenIwasanundergraduatestudentstudyingecology,Iwasusedtodiscoveringoveralltrendsinlargeamountsofdata.Thethoughtofgettingmyhandsdirtyinthefieldneverseemedinterestingtome.(當(dāng)我還是一名研究生態(tài)學(xué)的本科生時，我習(xí)慣于在大量數(shù)據(jù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)總體趨勢。一想到要在田里弄臟自己的手，我就覺得沒什么意思)”和“ButIknewpotentialgraduateschoolswouldlikelyviewmylackoffieldexperienceasaholeinmyapplicationletter.MymotheralsothoughtIshouldworkforafewyearstoexploremyinterestsbeforepursuingfurthereducation.(但我知道潛在的研究生院可能會認為我缺乏實地經(jīng)驗會是我申請信中的一個漏洞。我母親也認為我應(yīng)該工作幾年，探索自己的興趣，然后再繼續(xù)深造)”可知，作者雖是一名研究生態(tài)學(xué)的本科生，但沒有實地經(jīng)驗，這于他申請研究院是不利的，為了提升自己的申請信，作者才參加猶他州的實地研究。故選C項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中“Ontheveryfirstdayofthefieldwork,Inoticedaspecialplantonthefield.“Wonderful!Lookslikeyou’vegotaMahoniarepens,”Sherelshoutedexcitedly.(在實地考察的第一天，我注意到田野上有一種特殊的植物?！疤袅?！看起來你得到了一株野Mahoniarepens(小檗科)，”Sherel興奮地喊道)”可知，在猶他州實地考察的第一天，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了一株Mahoniarepens(小檗科)。故選D項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段中“Fieldworkmaybebuggy,wet,andphysicallydemanding,butworkingwithothershelpskeepspiritshighandthephysicalactivityhelpsmestaysharp.(實地研究可能很麻煩，很潮濕，對體力要求很高，但與他人一起工作有助于保持高昂的精神狀態(tài)，體育活動有助于我保持敏捷)”可知，作者認為實地研究對體力要求很高但有好處，可得出它是累人但有意義的。選C項。【22題詳解】推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段中“Idiscoveredfielddaysareaboutmuchmorethanidentification.Eachdayisanopportunitytolearnalittlebitmore.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)實地研究的日子不僅僅是識別。每一天都是學(xué)習(xí)更多知識的機會)”和最后一段中“Anditconstantlyremindsmethatanytaskcanpresentanopportunitytolearn—aslongasIamopentoit.(它不斷提醒我，任何任務(wù)都可以提供學(xué)習(xí)的機會——只要我對此持開放態(tài)度)”可知，作者通過這段實地研究的日子明白了一個道理：我們應(yīng)該對新的經(jīng)驗持開放態(tài)度，才能有更多的學(xué)習(xí)機會。故選B項。CAnAImodelcanbeusedtodetectstressinofficeworkersbasedonhowtheyusetheirmouseandkeyboard.Anewstudysuggeststhatamachine-learningmodelusingthesetwoelementswasmoreaccurateatdetectingstressinpeoplethanamodelthattrackedtheirheart-ratedata.“Wesawthatthemodelsthatjustusedthemouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelsthathadtheheart-ratedatainit,”saysMartNaegelin.aPh.D.studentattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,andoneofthestudy’sauthors.Naegelinandherfellowresearchersusedmachine-learningmodelstoanalyzedataonkeyboard-typingactivity,mousemovementsandheart-ratedata.Theyalsostudiedthedataofacombinationoftwoorallthreeoftheseelementstodeterminewhichperformedbestintermsofmeasuringstress.Theyfoundthatthemodeltrainedonmouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelthatusedmouse,keyboardandheartrates.Ofthesingle-modality(形態(tài))models,theheart-ratedataperformedtheworst.“Thetestwasconductedinanenvironmentthatsimulatedanofficeenvironment,sotheresultsstillneedtobeconfirmedinreal-lifescenarios(情況),”Naegelinsays.Intheexperiment,participantsweredividedintothreegroups.Acontrolgroupcarriedoutassignedtasks,suchasplanningmeetingsandcollectingdata,withnoadditionalwork.Asecondgroupattimesansweredquestionsfrommanagersinpersoninamockinterviewscenariowhilecompletingotherassignedtasks.Andmembersofathirdgroupwere,atcertainpoints,interruptedwithadditionalquestionssentthroughanonlinechatontopoftasksassignedtoothergroups.Atregularintervalsduringtheexperiment,participantswereaskedtoratetheirstresslevelsthroughacomputerquestionnaire.Researcherslearnedthatworkersmadelonger,lessaccuratemovementswiththeirmouse,aswellasmoretypingerrors,whentheywerestressed.Shorter,moredirectmovementswiththemouseweretiedtolowerstresslevels.Thestudydidn’tfocusonwhyincreasedlevelsofstressarethoughttoaffectmuscleactivity.Theresearcherssaytheybelieveastress-detectionsystemthatlogskeyboardandmousemovementsmightbebeneficialasaself-helptoolforemployeesalongsideotherinitiativestoimproveworkplacementalhealth.Butemployeeparticipationwouldneedtobeoptionalandbasedoninformedconsent(同意),andcompanieswouldneedtocommittoprotectinguserprivacy.Itremainstobeseenhowthistechnologywillevolveandbeadoptedinpractice,butthepotentialforAItocontributepositivelytoemployeewell-beingisanappealingavenueforfutureexploration.23.WhatdoweknowfromNaegelin’sstudy?A.Heart-ratedatahaslittleconnectionwithstress.B.Mouseandkeyboarddataproveseffectiveinstressdetection.C.Mousedataperformsworstinmeasuringstressamongallmodels.D.Usingmoreelementsinamodelincreasesaccuracyinstressdetection.24WhatisParagragh5mainlyabout?A.Theresearchprocess. B.Theresearchfindings.C.Theresearchpurpose. D.Theresearchbackground.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AImodelsbasedonmouseandkeyboarddatahavebeenwidelyapplied.B.Naegelin’sstudyexplainswhymuscleactivitycanaffectstresslevels.C.Employersneedtorespectemployees’privacywhiledetectingstress.D.Astress-detectionsystemimprovesphysicalhealthattheworkplace.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tointroduceanewmodeltodetectstress.B.Tocomparedifferentmodelsinstressdetection.C.Toshowthedisadvantagesofbeingoverstressed.D.Tostatetheimportanceofastress-detectionsystem.【答案】23.B24.B25.C26.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項新研究表明，人工智能模型根據(jù)上班族使用鼠標(biāo)和鍵盤的方式可以檢測人們的壓力，其結(jié)果比跟蹤他們心率數(shù)據(jù)得出的結(jié)果更準(zhǔn)確?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第一段“AnAImodelcanbeusedtodetectstressinofficeworkersbasedonhowtheyusetheirmouseandkeyboard.Anewstudysuggeststhatamachine-learningmodelusingthesetwoelementswasmoreaccurateatdetectingstressinpeoplethanamodelthattrackedtheirheart-ratedata.(人工智能模型可以根據(jù)上班族使用鼠標(biāo)和鍵盤的方式來檢測他們的壓力。一項新的研究表明，使用這兩個元素的機器學(xué)習(xí)模型在檢測人們的壓力方面比跟蹤他們心率數(shù)據(jù)的模型更準(zhǔn)確)”和第二段中“Wesawthatthemodelsthatjustusedthemouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelsthathadtheheart-ratedatainit(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，只使用鼠標(biāo)和鍵盤數(shù)據(jù)的模型比包含心率數(shù)據(jù)的模型表現(xiàn)更好)”可知，鼠標(biāo)和鍵盤數(shù)據(jù)在壓力檢測中被證明是有效的。故選B項?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。由第五段中“Researcherslearnedthatworkersmadelonger,lessaccuratemovementswiththeirmouse,aswellasmoretypingerrors,whentheywerestressed.Shorter,moredirectmovementswiththemouseweretiedtolowerstresslevels.(研究人員了解到，當(dāng)員工受到壓力時，他們用鼠標(biāo)做的動作更長、更不準(zhǔn)確，打字錯誤也更多。用鼠標(biāo)做更短、更直接的運動與更低的壓力水平有關(guān))”可知，第五段主要講這項研究最后得出的結(jié)果。故選B項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第五段得出的研究結(jié)果和倒數(shù)第二段“Theresearcherssaytheybelieveastress-detectionsystemthatlogskeyboardandmousemovementsmightbebeneficialasaself-helptoolforemployeesalongsideotherinitiativestoimproveworkplacementalhealth.Butemployeeparticipationwouldneedtobeoptionalandbasedoninformedconsent(同意),andcompanieswouldneedtocommittoprotectinguserprivacy.(研究人員表示，他們相信，一個記錄鍵盤和鼠標(biāo)運動的壓力檢測系統(tǒng)，作為員工的自助工具，以及其他改善工作場所心理健康的舉措，可能是有益的。但員工的參與是非強制的，并基于知情同意，公司需要承諾保護用戶隱私)”可知，基于鼠標(biāo)和鍵盤數(shù)據(jù)的AI模型能幫雇主發(fā)現(xiàn)員工的壓力，但不能強制員工參與，需要尊重員工的隱私。故選C項?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段“AnAImodelcanbeusedtodetectstressinofficeworkersbasedonhowtheyusetheirmouseandkeyboard.Anewstudysuggeststhatamachine-learningmodelusingthesetwoelementswasmoreaccurateatdetectingstressinpeoplethanamodelthattrackedtheirheart-ratedata.(人工智能模型可以根據(jù)上班族使用鼠標(biāo)和鍵盤的方式來檢測他們的壓力。一項新的研究表明，使用這兩個元素的機器學(xué)習(xí)模型在檢測人們的壓力方面比跟蹤他們心率數(shù)據(jù)的模型更準(zhǔn)確)”和第二段中“Wesawthatthemodelsthatjustusedthemouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelsthathadtheheart-ratedatainit(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，只使用鼠標(biāo)和鍵盤數(shù)據(jù)的模型比包含心率數(shù)據(jù)的模型表現(xiàn)更好)”可知，文章介紹了一項新研究表明，人工智能模型根據(jù)上班族使用鼠標(biāo)和鍵盤的方式可以檢測人們的壓力，其結(jié)果比跟蹤他們心率數(shù)據(jù)的得出的結(jié)果更準(zhǔn)確，本文目的在于介紹一種新的壓力檢測模型。故選A項。DFrozenintime,a125-million-year-oldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39-million-year-oldwhale,theheaviestanimalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.Paleontology(古生物學(xué))producesnewsworthydiscoveries.Fossils(化石),moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotesthypotheses(假設(shè))aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.TheyallowinvestigationofpresentandpastlifeonEarth.Flowsofbiologicaldiversity,appearancesofnewlifeformsandtheextinctionsoflongexistingones,wouldgoundiscoveredwithouttheseefforts.Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.Fromitsbeginnings,morethanthreebillionyearsago,tothepresentday,fossilsrecordhowlifeadaptedordisappearedinthefaceofmajorenvironmentalchallenges.Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodernclimatechange.Theyplayanessentialroleininterpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsandclimates.Fossilsprovidekeylimitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimatechange.Andthefossilrecordgivesimportantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimateconditions,becausethesehaveoccurredbeforeinEarth’shistory.Inaddition,paleontologyhasprovidedafundamentalcontributiontohumanthought:therealityofspeciesextinctionandthusofaworldthathasdramaticallychangedovertime.Indocumentingthehistoryoflife,paleontologistsrecognizedthatmanyextinctionepisodescouldoccursuddenly,suchastheevent66millionyearsagothatendedthedinosaurs.Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfromacrossthescientificspectrum(科學(xué)界),focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.Notonlydopaleontologistsknowwhathappenstolifewhenthingsgobad,theyalsoknowhowlongittakesforecosystemsandbiodiversitytorecoverfromthesedisasters,whichcantakefarlongerthanmodernhumanshaveexisted.Paleontologiststhusprovideauniqueperspectiveonthenatureandfuturelong-termecologicalimpactofthecurrenthuman-producedbiodiversitycrisis,theso-calledSixthExtinction,andthereforetheimportanceofprotectingmodernbiodiversity.TheveryconceptofaSixthExtinctionwouldnotexistwithoutpaleontologistsdocumentingthefirstfive.Paleontologistsknowthatunderstandinglife’spastiscriticaltoanticipatingandadaptingtolife’sandhumanity’sfuture.Paleontologyisimportantbecauseitbringsitsuniqueandcriticalperspectivetocurrentchallengesinclimatechange,biodiversitylossandtheenvironment.Paleontologistscanpredictthefuturebecausetheyknowthepast.27.Thefirsttwoparagraphsarewrittento_______.A.describeanevent B.raiseaquestionC.presentanopinion D.makeacomparison28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vantage”inParagraph3mean?A.Apositiveeffect. B.Avaluablesuggestion.C.Aquickdecision. D.Acomprehensiveview.29.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Ecologicalrecoverytakesshorterthanimagined.B.Pastlessonscanhelptopredictthefuturethreats.C.Paleontologistscanhandlethebiodiversitycrisis.D.Fossilstudiesfocusonthecausesofmassextinctions.30.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Paleontology:APioneeringStudyB.Paleontology:AHistoryRecorderC.PaleontologyTellsMoreAboutNatureThanHumansD.PaleontologyIsFarMoreThanNewFossilDiscoveries【答案】27.C28.D29.B30.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了古生物學(xué)遠不止是新的化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過化石上表征的過去，古生物學(xué)家抽絲剝繭得出過去經(jīng)驗，預(yù)測危險，為未來如何避免犯過去同樣的錯誤提供明燈，強調(diào)了古生物學(xué)研究的真正意義何在?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段“Frozenintime,a125-million-year-oldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39-million-year-oldwhale,theheaviestanimalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.Paleontology(古生物學(xué))producesnewsworthydiscoveries.(時間凝固，一只1.25億年前的哺乳動物正在攻擊一只恐龍。一頭3900萬年前的鯨魚，是有史以來最重的動物。已知最古老的水母，來自5.05億年前。古生物學(xué)產(chǎn)生了有新聞價值的發(fā)現(xiàn))”講述了古生物學(xué)產(chǎn)生了有新聞價值的古老化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，再結(jié)合第二段“Fossils(化石),moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotesthypotheses(假設(shè))aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.(此外，化石為漫長的生命史提供了直接證據(jù)，使古生物學(xué)家能夠用他們提供的數(shù)據(jù)來檢驗進化論的假設(shè))”和“Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.(但是，關(guān)于令人興奮的新化石的頭條新聞大大低估了古生物學(xué)的真正重要性。它的真正意義在于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)如何照亮地球上生命的偉大歷史)”可知，作者在前兩段提出了一個觀點——古生物學(xué)的意義不僅是化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，它的真正意義在于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)如何照亮地球上生命的偉大歷史。故選C項?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測題。由第三段“Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodernclimatechange.Theyplayanessentialroleininterpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsandclimates.Fossilsprovidekeylimitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimatechange.Andthefossilrecordgivesimportantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimateconditions,becausethesehaveoccurredbeforeinEarth’shistory.(古生物學(xué)家為我們提供了一個了解現(xiàn)代氣候變化的獨特vantage。他們在解釋古代環(huán)境、重建古代海洋、大陸和氣候方面發(fā)揮著重要作用?；瘜︻A(yù)測未來氣候變化至關(guān)重要的氣候模型提供了關(guān)鍵的限制?；涗洖樯鼘⑷绾螒?yīng)對預(yù)測的未來氣候條件提供了重要的見解，因為這些情況在地球歷史上以前就發(fā)生過)”可知，古生物學(xué)家通過對化石進行研究，獲得了重要的見解，使他們在解釋古代環(huán)境、重建古代海洋、大陸和氣候方面發(fā)揮著重要作用，所以他們能為人類了解現(xiàn)代氣候變化提供獨特全面的視角，劃線詞意為“Acomprehensiveview(全面的視角)”。故選D項?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。由第四段中“Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfromacrossthescientificspectrum(科學(xué)界),focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.