2024-2025學(xué)年中考英語重難點(diǎn)題型講解訓(xùn)練專題11閱讀理解之長(zhǎng)難句含解析

PAGEPAGE1專題11閱讀理解之長(zhǎng)難句長(zhǎng)難句是初中生閱讀理解的難點(diǎn)之一，由于句子過長(zhǎng)，成分困難，從而阻礙了學(xué)生的正常理解，也給通篇文章增加了難度。對(duì)句子的理解一般包含兩個(gè)層次，第一個(gè)層次是對(duì)句子本身含義的理解，這須要學(xué)生對(duì)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)以及命題人組織長(zhǎng)難句的方法有基本的把握和正確的相識(shí)；其次個(gè)層次是對(duì)句子言外之意的感悟，理解句子對(duì)下文內(nèi)容和文章結(jié)構(gòu)的指示作用。這兩個(gè)層次可以通過語法分析和語義提取得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。Part1英語漢語的不同英語習(xí)慣于用長(zhǎng)的句子表達(dá)比較困難的概念，而漢語則不同，經(jīng)常運(yùn)用若干短句，作層次分明的敘述。Althoughthesestoresaren’tveryattractive,andtheyusuallydonothaveindividualdressingrooms,youcanoftenfindthesamefamousbrandsthatyoufindinhigh-priceddepartmentstores.天目山林深人少，古樹掩映，清泉石上流，霧生半山腰，如仙境一般。英語句子的結(jié)構(gòu):“葡萄藤型”結(jié)構(gòu)（grapevinestructure），意為在短短的主干上派生出長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的枝蔓和豐碩的果實(shí)；漢語句子因?yàn)楹苌侬B床架屋，節(jié)外生枝，而是一個(gè)短句接一個(gè)短句地往下延長(zhǎng)，因此被稱為“竹竿型”結(jié)構(gòu)（bamboostructure）。因此，在進(jìn)行英譯漢時(shí)，要特殊留意英語和漢語之間的差異，將英語的長(zhǎng)句分解，翻譯成漢語的短句。Part2翻譯詞序的調(diào)整英譯漢的翻譯方法和技巧是建立在英漢兩種語言的對(duì)比之上的。這兩種語言在詞匯和句法方面的一些表達(dá)手段上各有其特點(diǎn)。語序調(diào)整主要指詞序、句序兩方面的調(diào)整。首先我們談?wù)勗~序的調(diào)整：英漢語句中的主要成分主語、謂語、賓語或表語的詞序基本上是一樣的，但各種定語的位置和各種狀語的次序在英、漢語言中則有同有異。漢語說“他正在臥房里睡覺”，而在英語中卻說Heissleepinginthebedroom.（他睡覺在臥房。）；英語漢語都說“他誕生于北京”，"HewasborninBeijing"。一）定語位置的調(diào)整1.單詞作定語英語中，單詞作定語時(shí)，通常放在它所修飾的名詞前，漢語中也大體如此。有時(shí)英語中有后置的，譯成漢語時(shí)一般都前置。somethingimportant（后置）重要的事情（前置）假如英語中名詞前的定語過多，譯文中則不宜完全前置，因?yàn)闈h語不習(xí)慣在名詞前用過多的定語。alittle,yellow,raggedbeggar（前置）一個(gè)要飯的，身材矮小，面黃肌瘦，衣衫襤褸。（后置）2.短語作定語英語中，修飾名詞的短語一般放在名詞之后，而漢語則反之，但間或也有放在后面的，視漢語習(xí)慣而定。theirplantocrosstheriver（后置）他們渡江的企圖（前置）二）狀語位置的調(diào)整1.單詞作狀語英語中單詞作狀語修飾形容詞或其他狀語時(shí)，通常放在它所修飾的形容詞或狀語的前面，這一點(diǎn)與漢語相同。Hewasveryactiveinclass.（前置）他在班上很活躍。（前置）英語中單詞作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般放在動(dòng)詞之后，而在漢語里則放在動(dòng)詞之前。Modernscienceandtechnologyaredevelopingrapidly．（后置）現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)正在快速發(fā)展。（前置）英語中表示程度的狀語在修飾狀語時(shí)可前置也可后置，而在漢語中一般都前置。Heisrunningfastenough.（后置）他跑得夠快的了。（前置）2．短語作狀語英語中地點(diǎn)狀語一般在時(shí)間狀語之前，而漢語中時(shí)間狀語則往往放在地點(diǎn)狀語之前。HewasborninBeijingonMay20,1970．（地點(diǎn)在前）他是1970年5月20日在北京誕生的。（時(shí)間在前）英語中時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語的排列一般是從小到大，而漢語中則是從大到小。Part3句序的調(diào)整這里，句序是指復(fù)合句中主句和從句的時(shí)間和邏輯關(guān)系敘述的依次。（1）時(shí)間依次的調(diào)整1．英語復(fù)合句中，表示時(shí)間的從句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，漢語中則通常先敘述先發(fā)生的事，后敘述后發(fā)生的事。IwentoutforawalkafterIhadmydinner．（從句在主句之后）我吃了晚飯后出去漫步。（從句在主句之前）2.英語復(fù)合句中有時(shí)包含兩個(gè)以上的時(shí)間從句，各個(gè)時(shí)間從句的次序比較敏捷，漢語則一般按事情發(fā)生的先后支配其位置。HehadflownyesterdayfromBeijingwherehespenthisvocationafterfinishingthemeetinghehadtakenpartinTianjin．他原來在天津開會(huì)，會(huì)議一結(jié)束，他就去北京度假了，昨天才坐飛機(jī)回來。（2）英漢語復(fù)合句中的邏輯依次的調(diào)整1.表示因果關(guān)系的英語復(fù)合句中，因果依次敏捷，在漢語中多數(shù)狀況是緣由在前，結(jié)果在后。Hehadtostayinbedbecausehewasill．（后置）因?yàn)樗×耍缓么粼诖采?。（前置?.表示條件（假設(shè)）與結(jié)果關(guān)系的英語復(fù)合句中，條件（假設(shè)）與結(jié)果的依次也不固定，在漢語中則是條件在前，結(jié)果在后。Istillhopeyouwillcomebackifarrangementscouldbemade．（后置）假如支配得好，我還是希望你來。（前置）3.表示目的與行動(dòng)關(guān)系的英語復(fù)合句中，目的與行動(dòng)的依次比較固定，多數(shù)是行動(dòng)在前，目的在后，漢語也如此，但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可把目的放在行動(dòng)之前。Bettertakeyourumbrellaincaseitrains．（后置）最好帶上傘以防下雨。（前置）Part4如何處理長(zhǎng)難句？英文長(zhǎng)句皆由充當(dāng)定語、狀語、介詞(短語)、不定式、分詞短語或由關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的各種從句所形成。這些成分所處的位置通常就是應(yīng)當(dāng)作拆分處理的位置。可以拆分的句子通常帶有從句、較多短語或較多并列成分。有時(shí)，意義比較困難的形容詞或副詞也可能被譯為短句，甚至于分拆成獨(dú)立的句子。這些從句、短語或并列結(jié)構(gòu)等成分分拆出來后，單獨(dú)譯成句子，對(duì)句子主干部分進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。有些句子僅僅剝離其修飾成分還不夠，還須要將句子結(jié)構(gòu)打亂，重新組合。有時(shí)須要在譯文句子當(dāng)中添加表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞。1.長(zhǎng)難句拆分原則：把主句和從句拆分出來，把主干部分和修飾部分拆分出來。2.5個(gè)拆分信號(hào)：①標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：或顯或隱隔離主干—兩個(gè)逗號(hào)形成插入語、破折號(hào)說明說明、分號(hào)兩句并列。②連詞：并列句的并列連詞and，or，but，yet，for；從句的從屬連詞which，that，when，if等。③介詞：引導(dǎo)介詞短語，充當(dāng)修飾語。④不定式符號(hào)to：引導(dǎo)不定式做主語、賓語、表語、狀語、定語和補(bǔ)語。⑤分詞：過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)修飾語。3.五步拆分步驟：①隔離插入成分，找尋特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)②找尋連詞，確定句子種類——并列句，主從句；③找尋句中的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)④確定整句框架——標(biāo)出主句主干部分及從屬連詞；⑤確定從句框架——標(biāo)出從句主謂部分；**⑥分別翻譯——主從句分別進(jìn)行翻譯；**⑦詞句推敲——中文語言進(jìn)行表述。注：**部分為翻譯要求步驟。Part5翻譯方法(1)順譯法。即順著英文原有的依次翻譯，條件是英語句子的內(nèi)容與敘述方式同漢語習(xí)慣基本一樣。如：Althoughthiskindoflonelinesscancausephysicalproblems,suchasheadachesandsleeplessness,itusuallydoesnotlastformorethanayear.(2)逆譯法。即不再遵照英文原有的依次，甚至完全逆著原有依次翻譯，假如英文的表達(dá)次序和漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同甚至相反的話。Theworlditselfisbecomingmuchsmallerbyusingmoderntrafficandmoderncommunicationmeans(通訊設(shè)備).“Atpresenttheylargelyremainintheperiodofresearchstudies,”notesDrGregFeero,specialadvisortothedirectorofgenomicmedicineattheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchInstitute.(3)分譯法。假如句子中的從句(或修飾語)與主句的關(guān)系不是很親密，可以將它們與主句分割開來，使譯文變成好幾個(gè)短句。這與英漢兩種語言表達(dá)較困難的意思的習(xí)慣是一樣的：前者偏向于運(yùn)用含有很多重層次的主從復(fù)合句或并列復(fù)合句，而后者往往崇尚“言簡(jiǎn)意賅”。如：Television,itisoftensaid,keepsoneinformedaboutcurrentevents,allowonetofollowthelatestdevelopmentsinscienceandpolitics,andoffersanendlessseriesofprogramswhicharebothinstructiveandentertaining.(4)綜合法。上面講解并描述了英語長(zhǎng)句的順譯法、逆譯法和分譯法，事實(shí)上，在翻譯一個(gè)英語長(zhǎng)句時(shí)，并不只是單純地運(yùn)用一種翻譯方法，而是要求我們把各種方法綜合運(yùn)用，這在我們上面所舉的例子中也有所體現(xiàn)。尤其是在一些狀況下，英語長(zhǎng)句假如單純采納上述任何一種方法都不便利，這就須要我們細(xì)致分析，或依據(jù)時(shí)間的先后，或依據(jù)邏輯依次，順逆結(jié)合，主次分明地對(duì)全句進(jìn)行綜合處理，以便把英語原文翻譯成通順忠實(shí)的漢語句子。如：Teachingthemsmallactsofkindness,suchaslettingsomeoneelsegothroughadoorfirstastheyholditopen,mayseemunimportant,butitcangoalongwaytowardhelpingstudentsrealizehowtobepoliteandthankothers.精講精練【例題1】Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines，thetoothpastemarketer，forinstance，mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.【答案】確定選擇家庭電視節(jié)目和婦女雜志后，牙膏經(jīng)銷商還必需選擇出要用的準(zhǔn)確的電視節(jié)目和電視臺(tái)，以及那些詳細(xì)的婦女雜志?！窘馕觥吭谶@個(gè)有30多個(gè)詞的簡(jiǎn)潔句中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語用作時(shí)間狀語，不定式tobeused修飾的不僅是women’smagazine，而且還修飾televisionprogramsandstations。exacttelevision同時(shí)修飾programs和stations兩個(gè)詞，這在翻譯中可以看出來。插入語forinstance把主語和謂語分隔開了?！揪毩?xí)1】I'velovedmymother'sdesksinceIwasjusttallenoughtoseeabovethetopofitasmothersatwritingletters.Standingbyherchair,lookingattheinkbottle,pens,andwhitepaper,Idecidedthattheactofwritingmustbethemostwonderfulthingintheworld.Yearslater,duringherfinalillness,Motherkeptdifferentthingsformysisterandbrother."Butthedesk",shesaid,"isforElizabeth".Ineversawherangry,neversawhercry.Iknewshelovedme;sheshoweditinaction.Butasayounggirl,Iwantedheart﹣to﹣hearttalksbetweenmotheranddaughter.Theyneverhappened.Andagulfopenedbetweenus.Iwas"tooemotional（易動(dòng)情感的）".Butshelived"onthesurface".Asyearspassed,Ihadmyownfamily.Ilovedmymotherandthankedherforourhappyfamily.Iwrotetoherincarefulwordsandaskedhertoletmeknowinanywayshechosethatshedidforgive（寬?。﹎e.Ipostedtheletterandwaitedforheranswer.Nonecame.Myhopeturnedtodisappointment,thenlittleinterestandfinally,peace--itseemedthatnothinghappened.Icouldn'tbesurethattheletterhadevengottoMother.IonlyknewthatIhadwrittenit,andIcouldstoptryingtomakeherintosomeoneshewasnot.Nowthepresentofherdesktoldme,asshe'dneverbeenableto,thatshewaspleasedthatwritingwasmychosenwork,Icleanedthedeskcarefullyandfoundsomepapersinside,aphotoofmyfatherandaone﹣pageletter,folded（折疊）andrefoldedmanytimes.Givemeananswer,myletterasks,inanywayyouchoose.Mother,youalwayschosetheactthatspeakslouderthanwords.1.

Elizabeth

began

to

love

her

mother's

desk________.A.

after

she

had

her

own

familyB.

when

she

was

a

childC.

after

her

mother

diedD.

when

her

mother

was

badly

ill2.

The

underlined

word"gulf"in

the

fourth

paragraph

meansA.

deep

understanding

between

the

mother

and

the

daughterB.

different

ideas

between

the

mother

and

the

daughterC.

free

talks

between

the

mother

and

the

daughterD.

part

of

the

sea

going

far

in

land3.

Elizabeth

wrote

to

her

mother

toA.

apologize

to

herB.

express

thanks

to

herC.

have

heart-to-heart

talksD.

make

her

cry4.

Elizabeth

was

probablyA.

a

teacher

B.

a

doctorC.

a

novelistD.

an

actress5.

Which

of

the

following

statements

is

true

according

to

the

writer？A.

The

letter

had

never

got

to

Elizabeth's

mother.B.

Elizabeth

and

her

mother

often

argued

with

each

other.C.

Elizabeth

realized

her

mother

forgave

her

at

last.D.

Elizabeth's

mother

was

too

emotional.6.

What's

the

best

title

of

the

passage？A.

My

mother's

deskB.

A

letter

to

my

motherC.

Talks

between

Mother

and

MeD.

My

happy

family【答案】BBACBA【解析】本文主要講解并描述的是有關(guān)于作者和母親之間的事情．作者和母親之間有代溝，也在嘗試和母親溝通．而母親則是依據(jù)自己的方式，把愛傳遞給自己的子女．1．B，細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，I'velovedmymother'sdesksinceIwasjusttallenoughtoseeabovethetopofitasmothersatwritingletters．自從我能夠夠到桌子時(shí)起先，我就喜愛上媽媽的桌子，此時(shí)還是個(gè)孩子，選擇B．2．B，細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，Iwas"tooemotional"．Butshelived"onthesurface"我易感情化，而母親是卻不是這樣，由此可知我和母親的處事方式完全不同，也就是說對(duì)同一個(gè)事物，兩個(gè)人具有不同的看法，選擇B．3．A，細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，Iwrotetoherincarefulwordsandaskedhertoletmeknowinanywayshechosethatshedidforgive（寬恕）me．給母親寫信只是為了看一下母親是否寬恕了自己，選擇A．4．C，細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，shewaspleasedthatwritingwasmychosenwork母親很興奮我選擇了寫作，由此可知作者是一個(gè)作家，選擇C．5．B，細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，Andagulfopenedbetweenus．作者和母親之間有代溝，Iwrotetoherincarefulwordsandaskedhertoletmeknowinanywayshechosethatshedidforgive（寬?。﹎e．連我想確認(rèn)母親是否寬恕了我都要寫信，由此可知我和目前的關(guān)系并不好，選擇B．6．A，主旨?xì)w納題，本文主要講解并描述的是我和母親之間的事情，事情從母親的書桌起先，又在母親的書桌結(jié)束，由此可知選擇A．【例題2】Inthe1970shewasasurgeon(外科醫(yī)生)atYale,hadawonderfulwifeandfivebeautifulchildren,buthewasterriblyunhappy.【答案】在20世紀(jì)70年頭,他在耶魯當(dāng)一名外科醫(yī)生,有一個(gè)精彩的妻子和五個(gè)可愛的孩子,但他過得并不快樂?！窘馕觥窟@是一道典型的“含有多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔句的并列句”,在其次個(gè)并列句中,即在had前面省略了“andhe”?！揪毩?xí)2】Innature,youmayseemanyinsectsandanimalsofdifferentcolors.HaveyoueverwonderedwhyLocustsaresuperdeliciousfoodforbirds,butitisnotalwaysaneasyjobforbirdstocatchthem.Itisneitherbecauselocustsaregoodjumpersorrunnersnorbecausetheyaresmarterthantheirenemies.Thereasonisthatthecolorsoflocustschangewiththecolorsofcrops（莊稼）.Whencropsareyoung,locustslookgreen.Butwhenautumncomes,locustschangetotheyellowandbrowncolorascropsdo.Brownbears,tigersandotheranimalsmovequietlythroughforests.Theycan'tbeseeneasilybytheirenemies.Thisisbecausetheyhavecolorssimilar（類似的）tothetrees.Forthesamereason,polarbearsthatliveonalandofsnowandicearewhite.Butterfliesandbeeslivingamongtheflowersarecolorfullikeflowers.Soil（土壤）insectsaremostlydark﹣coloredandtheyliveunderthesoilinadarkandwetenvironment.However,insectswithcolorsdifferentfromplantscaneasilybefoundandeatenbyothers.Soinordertosurvive,theyhavetohidethemselvesinthedaytimeandappearonlyatnight.Haveyouevernoticedsomeevenstrangeracts？Theinkfish（墨魚）intheseacansendoutsomeveryblackinkwhenitfacesdanger.Astheinkspreadsover（散開）,itsenemies（敵人）willfindthemselvessuddenlyinadarkworld.Atthesametimetheinkfishimmediatelyswimsaway.Thatishowitkeepsitselfsafethoughitisnotstrongatall.1.

It

is

not

easy

for

birds

to

catch

locusts

because_____A.

locusts

are

good

runnersB.

locusts

can

jump

very

highC.

locusts

are

smarter

than

birdsD.

locusts

can

change

their

color2.

According

to

the

passage,most

soil

insects______A.

do

not

have

bright

colorsB.

change

their

colors

with

the

soilC.

do

not

live

in

a

dark

and

wet

environmentD.

eat

colorful

insects

like

butterflies

and

bees3.

What's

the

meaning

of

the

underlined

word

"survive"

in

the

passage.A.

繁殖B.

產(chǎn)卵C.

覓食D.

生存4.

The

ink

fish_______so

that

its

enemies

will

not

see

it.A.

changes

its

colorB.

makes

the

water

around

it

blackC.

appears

only

at

nightD.

hides

itself

in

the

sea

rocks5.

What

is

the

main

idea

of

this

passage？A.

Some

insects

and

animals

have

different

skills.B.

Some

insects

and

animals

are

clever

than

we

think.C.

Some

insects

and

animals

use

colors

to

protect

themselves.D.

Some

insects

and

animals

can

get

used

to

（習(xí)慣）theenvironmenteasily.【答案】DADBC【解析】短文大意：自然界有很多昆蟲和動(dòng)物都有不同的顏色．本文以蝗蟲、棕熊、老虎、北極熊、蝴蝶和土壤昆蟲為例敘述了動(dòng)物的愛護(hù)色，并且介紹了墨魚愛護(hù)自己的方式。小題1：D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題.依據(jù)其次段Locustsaresuperdeliciousfoodforbirds，butitisnotalwaysaneasyjobforbirdstocatchthem……ereasonisthatthecolorsoflocustschangewiththecolorsofcrops（莊稼）。及下文描述，可知鳥類不易捉住昆蟲是因?yàn)樗麄兡軌螂S著莊稼而變更他們自身的顏色.故選D。小題2：A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題.依據(jù)第三段Soilinsectsaremostlydark﹣coloredandtheyliveunderthesoil（土壤）inadarkandwetenvironment.描述，可知生活在土壤里面的昆蟲沒有光明的顏色。故選A。小題3：D詞匯題.聯(lián)系下文theyhavetohidethemselvesinthedaytimeandappearonlyatnight.他們不得不白天躲起來，晚上才出現(xiàn).描述，可知此處指的是為了生存。故選D。小題4：B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題.依據(jù)短文最終一段Haveyouevernoticedsomeevenstrangeracts？Theinkfish（墨魚）intheseacansendoutsomeveryblackinkwhenitfacesdanger.Astheinkspreadsover（散開），itsenemies（敵人）willfindthemselvessuddenlyinadarkworld.Atthesametimetheinkfishimmediatelyswimsaway.Thatishowitkeepsitselfsafethoughitisnotstrongatall.海洋中的墨魚在面臨危急時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出一些很黑的墨水.當(dāng)墨水?dāng)U散的時(shí)候，它的敵人會(huì)突然發(fā)覺自己處于一個(gè)黑暗的世界里.同時(shí)，墨魚也會(huì)立即離開.這就是它如何保持自身平安的緣由，盡管它一點(diǎn)也不堅(jiān)固.描述，可知墨魚能夠能夠噴出一種墨水，讓它四周水的顏色變黑來愛護(hù)自己。故選B。小題5：C主旨題.依據(jù)第一段Innature，youmayseemanyinsectsandanimalsofdifferentcolors.在自然界中，你可以看到很多不同顏色的昆蟲和動(dòng)物，及下文的煌蟲隨季節(jié)變更而變更和最終的墨魚等.這篇主要介紹了一些動(dòng)物依靠自身顏色來愛護(hù)自己的生存方式。故選C?！纠}3】Hisjourneytothee-mailhellbeganinnocently（無知地）enoughwhen,aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational,asoftwarecompany,hefirstheardhowquicklyhisemployeeshadacceptedtheirnewelectronic-mailsystem.【答案】他在電子郵件的地獄之旅是糊里糊涂起先的。作為國(guó)際計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)合公司這家軟件公司的董事長(zhǎng),他當(dāng)時(shí)還是第一次聽說他的雇員們是多么快地就接受了他們公司的新的電子郵件系統(tǒng)?！窘馕觥窟@是一句含有多個(gè)插入成分的句子。aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational是he的同位語,asoftwarecompany是ComputerAssociatesInternational的同位語,他們將從屬連詞when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主語分隔開了?！揪毩?xí)3】ThelargestdryareainAntarcticaiscalledtheDryValleys.WhentheBritishtravelerRobertfirstcameacrossthevalleysmorethan100yearsago,hethoughttheyarelifeless："Itiscertainlyavalleyofthedead."ScientistshavefoundthatScottwaswrong.TheDryValleysareoneofthedriestdesertsintheworld--itrainslittleayear.Buttheyarenotlifeless.Inthatdrysandandrocks,therearedifferentkindsoforganismsthatcometolifewhenitrain.Forafewweekseachsummer,snowturnsintowater.Colorfulorganismsgrowwhenthevalleyiswet.Theorganismsthatliveinthedryvalleycanstandcoldanddryweather.Mostaremicroscopic,butwecanseeafewwithoureyes.ThelargestorganismsintheDryValleysarespringtails.Butwhataboutpenguins？Likeseabirdsandseals,penguinscan'treallyliveonland.Theycanonlyspendsometimeontheiceandland.Scientistssaythatspringtails（跳蟲）arethe"elephants"ofAntarctica.Scientistsstudytheorganismsthatliveinthevalley,othersstudygeology.Theywanttofindouttherelationshipbetweentheorganismsandthevalleytheylivein.1.In

the

Dry

Valley,

some

kinds

of

organisms

grow

when__________.A.It

is

cold

B.

it

rains

C.

it

snows

D.

it

is

fine2.The

underlined

word

"microscopic"

means______in

Chinese.A.強(qiáng)大的

B.

虛弱的

C.

巨大的

D.

微小的3.Scientists

agree

that

springtails

are_______living

things

in

the

valley.A.little

B.

long

C.

big

D.

small4.According

to

the

last

paragraph,

scientists

don't

know

clearly_________.A.the

relationship

between

the

organisms

and

the

valleyB.if

there

are

some

kinds

of

living

things

in

the

Dry

ValleyC.when

the

living

things

come

to

life

in

the

Dry

ValleyD.what

the

living

things

in

the

Dry

Valley

look

like【答案】BDCA【解析】南極洲最大的干旱地區(qū)被稱為干旱河谷．當(dāng)英國(guó)旅行者羅伯特在100多年前第一次來到山谷時(shí)，他認(rèn)為這些山谷沒有生命．科學(xué)家們發(fā)覺斯科特是錯(cuò)的．每年夏天的幾個(gè)星期，雪變成水．當(dāng)山谷潮濕時(shí)，五彩繽紛的生物生長(zhǎng)．生活在干燥山谷中的生物能夠忍受寒冷和干燥的天氣．大多數(shù)是微小的，但我們可以用眼睛看到一些．1．B．