英語知識點總結(jié)

英語時間狀語從句總結(jié)時間狀語從句(由when,while,as,before,after,not…until,assoonas引導(dǎo))1.when和while：when后可接非延續(xù)性動詞，while后則不能1)

Tomwastakingabath,thetelephonerang.2)

thetelephonerang,Tomwastakingabath3)Wewerepreparingforthefood

theywereflyingkites.

延續(xù)性動詞：do,work,learn,walk,wait,keep,watch,read,sleep,love,stay.

非延續(xù)性動詞：open,close,begin,finish,come,go,borrow,lend,buy,sell,arrive,leave,tell,hear,ring,knock,die

2.注意主將從現(xiàn)規(guī)則：when,assoonas,until,before,after1)He

(call)usassoonashe

(arrive)inBeijingtomorrow.2)He

(notgo)tobeduntilhisfather

(come)backtonight.3)Sheisgoingtobeadancerwhenshe

(grow)up.4)Pleaseclosethedoorbeforeyou

(leave)at9:00.

3.用when,while,until,after,before,assoonas

填空1)Iwaswalkingnearmyhouse

theaccidenthappened.2)Iwasdoingmyhomework

myfatherwasreadingbooks.3)Heknewnothingaboutit

Itoldhim.4)Whatareyougoingtobe

youfinishschool?5)Pleasethinkoverthequestioncarefully

youanswerit.6)Willyoupleasetellme

hecomes??狀語從句是副詞性從句，其句法功能是修飾謂語或整個句子等，在句中作狀語，通常由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。?九大狀語從句：時間、條件、比較、結(jié)果、原因、目的、讓步、方式、地點狀語從句引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞有：while,when,as,assoonas,till,until,not…until,before,after,since,etc．時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞1）when，while，as①三者均可表示“當(dāng)……的時候”，如果主句表示的是短暫的動作，而從句表示的是一段時間，三者可通用。如：ImetKangLias／when／whileIwaswalkingalongthestreet．②as和when都可與終止性動詞連用，while只能與延續(xù)性動詞連用。如：Itwassnowingwhenwegottotheairport．（不能用while）③as強調(diào)主句與從句表示的動作同時發(fā)生；while強調(diào)主句表示的動作持續(xù)于while所指的整個時間內(nèi)；when可指主、從句所述動作同時或先后發(fā)生。如：Hesangashewentalong．PleasewritewhileIread．Whenhereachedhome,hehadalittlerest．2)before,afterbefore表示主句發(fā)生的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前，意為“在……之前”。after表示主句發(fā)生的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后，意為“在……之后”。如：TheyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheywenttoschoolTheytalkedaboutthepartyafterthepeopleleft.3)until,till?until和till在肯定句中表示“直到……為止”，主句要用延續(xù)性動詞；?在否定句中，表示“直到……才”，主句常用終止性動詞，這時till和until可用before替換。Iwaitedtill/untilhearrived．Iwillwaituntilhecomes.Wewon'tstartuntil/till/beforeBobcomes．4)assoonas表示主句發(fā)生的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后，意為“一…就…”。如果主句是一般將來時，情態(tài)動詞加動詞原形或祈使句時，時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：MybrotherwentoutassoonasIgothome.I'llphoneyouassoonasIarriveinTonghua．5）since：表示“自從…以來”，從句中常用過去時，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時.（對since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問要用howlong）.如：WherehaveyoubeensinceIsawyoulast？時間狀語從句時態(tài)）主句一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時（特別是用assoonas引導(dǎo)從句時）：Theboywillbeawriterwhenhegrowsup.I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.2)主句含有情態(tài)動詞，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時：Whenthelightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.3)主句為祈使句時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時：Pleasedon’tgotobedbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.4)主句為一般過去時，從句也用過去時態(tài)：IlikedreadingwhenIwasyoung.時間狀語從句難點①until(till)直到，在用until表達(dá)時間狀語的句子中，主句中的動詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動詞是持續(xù)性動詞，它要用肯定句，如：Istudiedharduntil12o'clocklastnight.如果動詞是瞬間截止性動詞，則要用否定句，如：Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhismothercameback②主將從現(xiàn)：?主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，如：Ifitrains,theywon’tgototheparkonSunday?主句是一般過去時，從句用過去將來時，如：Hesaidifitrainedthenextdayhewouldnotgotothepark?區(qū)別是if/when引導(dǎo)是狀語從句還是賓語從句，因在賓語從句中該用什么時態(tài)用什么時態(tài)。如：Iwanttoknowifhewillcomehere.Ifhecomes,pleaseletmeknow.如:Idon’tknowwhenhewillcome.Whenhecomes,Iwilltellyou.2.條件狀語從句1)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有if（如果）、unless（除非）等，條件狀語從句也像時間狀語從句一樣，如果主句用將來時，從句要用現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.2)unless在意義上相當(dāng)于if．．．not。Youwillfailunlessyoustudyhard．＝Y(jié)ouwillfailifyoudon'tstudyhard．3)“祈使句+and(or)+陳述句”在意思上相當(dāng)于一個帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。其中，and表示句意順承；or表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“否則”。例如：Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.4）用介詞with,without可以把條件狀語從句改寫成簡單句：Ifthereisnowater,thefishmaydie.=Fishmaydiewithoutwater.Ifyouhelpme,I’llfinishmytaskontime.=Withyourhelp,I’llfinishmytaskontime.3.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句通常由as…as,比較級+than…等連詞引導(dǎo)，比較連詞前后的結(jié)構(gòu)要一致。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.1）表示甲與乙在某一方面相同時，用“as＋原級＋as”句型；表示甲在某一方面不如乙時，用“notas／so＋原級＋as”句型。如：DalianisasbeautifulasShenzhen．Idon'trunas／sofastasKangLi．2）表示甲超過或不及乙時，用“比較級＋從句”（從句中常省略意義與主句相同的部分）。Herunsfasterthanyou（do）．Todayislesscoldthanyesterday．3）要注意的是表示"越來越"這一概念時有兩個句型：①比較級＋and＋比較級，如：ThedaysaregettinglongerandlongerThelittlegirlisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful②定冠詞the＋比較級＋the＋比較級，如：Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn4.結(jié)果狀語從句(1)結(jié)果狀語從句由so…that,such…that,sothat引導(dǎo)。常用句型有：so＋形容詞／副詞＋that從句sucha／an＋形容詞＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that從句such＋形容詞＋復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞／不可數(shù)名詞＋that從句so＋形容詞＋a／an＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that從句例如：HespokesofastthatIcouldn'tfollowhim．Hetoldussuchfunnystoriesthatwealllaughed．Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn’tseeit.(2)如果名詞前由many,much,little,few等詞修飾時，只能用so,不用such。如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou.(3)so…that和such...that在由so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是:“...so+形容詞（副詞）+that+從句”。例如：Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由such…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有時上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.5.原因狀語從句(1)原因狀語從句通常由because,since,as引導(dǎo)。because常回答why引導(dǎo)的疑問句，該從句一般位于主句后；since比as正式，兩者不回答why引導(dǎo)的問句，而且其從句一般放在句首。如：Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.(2)because表示直接原因，語氣最強。because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的問題，只能用because。as和since語氣較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從居多放在句首。例如：------Whyaren’tgoingthere?------BecauseIdon’twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一個句子里。(4)for是并列連詞，引導(dǎo)的句子不置于句首，是一種非直接的、隨便附加說明的理由或推斷。Theoilmustbeout,forthelightwentout.(5)because和becouseof的區(qū)別。because后跟從句，而becauseof后跟名詞短語。Heislateforschoolbecauseitrainsheavily.Heislateforschoolbecauseoftheheavyrain.6.目的狀語從句(1)目的狀語從句通常由sothat,inorderthat引導(dǎo)。例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.(2)sothat既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個：1)目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can,could,may,might等。2)從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.（目的狀語從句）Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(結(jié)果狀語從句)(3）結(jié)果和目的狀語從句還要注意以幾點：①so…that用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，so＋形容詞＋a＋名詞＋that，如：Sheissobeautifulagirlthateveryonelikesher或用such＋a＋形容詞＋名詞＋that,如：Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthateveryonelikesher②在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前只能用such，如：Itissuchgoodweatherwewanttogoforapicnic又如：Theyaresuchgoodplayersthattheyshouldwinthegame.③在much，many，few，little之前只能用so，如：IhavesolittlemoneythatIcan'tbuyit④so…that之間只有形容詞時，則不能用such，如：ItissogoodthatIwanttobuy⑤sothat其后接從句，如：IgotupearliersothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus7.讓步狀語從句(1)讓步狀語從句通常由though／although（雖然），eventhough（盡管），evenif(即使），whoever（無論誰），（無論怎樣），whatever（無論什么）等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.Evenifheispoor,shelovesherhusband.(2)because不能與并列連詞so，though／although不能與but同時在句中使用。如：Shewaslateforschoolbecauseshemissedthebus．=Shemissedthebus，soshewaslateforschool．我們不能說：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.應(yīng)該說：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.8.方式狀語從句?引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的有as（按照）等。如：Iwilldoitasyoutellme．我將照你說的做。?要注意的是as(連詞)與like(介詞)的區(qū)別。?as作為連詞其后接從句，如：PleasedoitasIdidit但后面的句子常作省略，如：PleasedoitasI?like是介詞，其后要接的是賓語，如：Pleasedoitlikeme9.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句常常由where來引導(dǎo)。例如：Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.正誤辨析1.［F］Whiletheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.［T］Whentheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.［析］while是強調(diào)兩個動作在同時進(jìn)行中，如：WhileIamdoingmyhomework,myfatherisreadinganewspaper.而這里的when是"正當(dāng)某某時刻"，"就在這一時間點上"，其重點強調(diào)在某一特定時刻某動作的發(fā)生。2.［誤］WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.［正］WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.

［析］這里用when表達(dá)在一個動作的進(jìn)行中，另一個動作突然發(fā)生了。正在進(jìn)行的動作用一進(jìn)行時態(tài)，而突然發(fā)生的動作用一般時態(tài)。3.［誤］WhileIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.［正］WhenIheardthebadnews,Ifeltsad.

［析］while不能表達(dá)瞬時某一時間點。4.［誤］Forthereisnolightintheclassroom.Thestudentsmusthavegonehome.［正］Thestudentsmusthavegonehome,forthereisnolightintheclassroom.

［析］由for引出的原因狀語從句要注意不能將該從句置于句首，而應(yīng)置于主句之后，并在主句與從句之間加一逗號。更要注意的是because,as,since與for4個表示原因的連詞中because是因果關(guān)系，是最強的一個，而for是最弱的一個。有些語法書中干脆把for叫做并列連詞5.［誤］Shesangwhenshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.［正］Shesangasshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.

［析］as用于句中時，其要點是強調(diào)兩個動作的同時進(jìn)行。這里用when雖然不能講是語法上的錯誤，但則看不出來小女孩因獨自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。6.［誤］Ifinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveo'clocklastnight.［正］Ididn'tfinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveo'clocklastnight.

［正］Ididmyhomeworkuntiltwelveo'clocklastnight.

［析］until用在句中時其含義是某一動作一直持續(xù)到某時結(jié)束，那么句中的動詞則一定要用持續(xù)性動詞，如果要用瞬間，或截止性動詞時一定要用否定句式。因截止性動作的否定式應(yīng)看作是持續(xù)性的動作。如離開leave是瞬間動作，因一出門即為離開了，而不離開則是長時間的。7.［誤］IhavestudiedEnglishwhenIwastwelve.［正］IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwastwelve.

［析］since引出的時間狀語從句是表達(dá)了一個時間點，而這個時間點是主句動作的啟始點，所以主句一般要用完成時態(tài)。8.［誤］Becausehedidn'tstudyhard,sohedidn'tpasstheexam.［正］Hedidn'tpasstheexambecausehedidn'tstudyhard.

［析］because與so在英文中兩者不能并用的，只能在句中用9.［誤］BeforeIdonotgiveyoutheanswer,I'llaskyousomequestions.［正］BeforeIgiveyoutheanswer,I'llaskyousomequestions.

［析］這種錯誤是由于受中文的影響。在中文中可以講"我沒給你答案前"。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。10.［誤］Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.［正］Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.

［析］so與such的用法:such用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，或者在不可數(shù)名詞前或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前；當(dāng)that前只有形容詞或副詞時，這時只能用so,如：Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.HeransofastthatIcouldn‘tkeepupwithhim.11.［誤］Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.［正］Hegotupearlierthismorninginordertotocatchthefirstbus.

［正］Hegotupsoearlierthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.

［析］so…that與sothat的用法有相同之處，那就是其后接從句，而inorderto其后要接不定式，即動詞原形。12.［誤］Iwanttobuysamestampthatyouhave.［正］Iwanttobuythesamestampasyouhave.

［析］thesame…as(that)這是個固定用法，在same前的定冠詞是不能少的。而thesame…that意為"我要的就是那一個"。而thesame…as為"要的是和……一樣的東西"。由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語,下列情況時態(tài)不變:1.不變的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.歷史事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945.4.部分情態(tài)動詞,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatday2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat___throughthestreet___.A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat__alongway__.A.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat__takeitback____.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextday5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…that6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.A.thatheheard…aweekagoB.whathehadheard…theweekbeforeC.whathehadherd…aweekagoD.ifheheard…theweekago7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.A.willhe…nexttimeB.wouldhe…thenexttimeC.hewould…thenexttimeD.hewill…nexttime8.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhere____holidays.A.shespentherB.youspendyourC.shespendherD.youspentyour9.Blackaskedme,“Whyhaven’tyoulefthereyet?”Blackaskedmewhy____yet.A.Ihadn’tleftthereB.Ihaven’tlefthereC.hadn’tIleftthereD.haven’tIlefthere10.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher___thesun___intheeast.A.if…riseB.if…risesC.whether…roseD.whetherdid…riseD.whetherdid…rise初二英語動詞不定式總結(jié)動詞不定式（todo）1.

動詞不定式做主語1)

Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth

做某事花費某人多長時間It

me20minutes

(get)toschooleveryday.It

mejustafewhours

(reach)thetopofthemountyesterday.2)

Itcosts/costsb.somemoneytodosth

做某事花費某人多少錢It

them1yuan

(take)abustoschooleveryday.It

him30yuan

(take)ataxihomelastweek.3)

It’s+adj.+todosth

做某事是怎么樣的

It’simportant

(obey)thetrafficrules.

It’simpossible

(finish)somuchhomeworkinanhour.

2.

動詞不定式做賓語wanttodo/wouldliketodosth

想要做某事

wish/hopetodosth

希望做某事learntodosth學(xué)習(xí)做某事

plantodosth

計劃做某事usedtodosth

過去常常做某事

remembertodosth記住要做某事forgettodosth

忘記要做某事

decidetodosth

決定做某事havetodosth.

不得不做某事

start/begintodosth.

開始做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.

幫助某人做某事

encouragesb.todosth

鼓勵某人做某事asksb.(not)todosth.

叫某人做某事

tellsb.(not)todosth.

告訴某人做某事leadsbtodosth

帶領(lǐng)某人做某事

warnsb.(not)todosth.

提醒某人做某事

3.動詞不定式做定語Ihavesomeexcitingnews

(tell)you.Theyarediscussingtheways

(raise)money.

4.

動詞不定式做表語Yourtaskis