醫(yī)學英語 Medical English Translation(8) Translation of Attributive Clauses and Other Clauses 學習資料

醫(yī)學英語翻譯與寫作

MedicalEnglish

TranslationandwritingLecture8

TranslationofAttributiveClausesRestrictiveAttributiveClauseNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClauseWhich-clauseSplitAttributiveClauseAttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsAs-ClausesOtherTechniquesinTranslatingAttributiveClausesTranslationofAttributiveClausesRestrictiveAttributiveClauseFeverisaconditioninwhichthebodytemperatureishigherthannormal.

發(fā)熱是體溫高于正常的一種情況。Manydiseasesarecausedbygermswhichgetintothebodybywayofthemouth.

很多疾病都是由從口腔進入人體的病菌引起的。RestrictiveAttributiveClauseOncethedesiredtherapeuticgoalisachieved,

thedosemustbedecreasedtothepointwhere

thetherapeuticbenefitismaintained.

一旦達到了預期的治療目的，劑量必須降至可維持療效的水平。RestrictiveAttributiveClauseAnythingthathappensanywhereinyourbodyis

likelytoinfluenceyournervoussysteminoneway

oranother,andanythingthatinfluencesyour

nervoussystemaffectstherestofyourbody.

在你體內任何部位所發(fā)生的任何事情都可能以某種方式影響你的神經系統(tǒng)，而任何影響神經系統(tǒng)的事情都可能影響身體的其它部位。RestrictiveAttributiveClauseThediseasewhicharelikelytobespread

bycontaminatedwaterare:typhoidfever,paratyphoidfever,epidemicdiarrheaanddysentery.

可能由污染了的水傳播的疾病有：傷寒、副傷寒、流行性腹瀉和痢疾。RestrictiveAttributiveClauseAnorganismagainstwhichimmunityhasbeen

developedwillbecoatedwithantibody

ifitentersthebloodstream,andwillbedestroyed.（人體）對其已經產生免疫力的細菌，一旦侵入血液就會被抗體包圍并被其消滅。Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClauseHepatitisistheinflammationoftheliver,ofwhichtwoformsarecommon:hepatitisAandhepatitisB.

肝炎是肝臟的炎癥，其中兩種類型最常見：

甲肝和乙肝。Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClauseTheconditionissometimesreferredtoas

“salt-losingnephritis,”ofwhichmorelater.

這種疾病有時被認為是“失鹽性腎炎”，對此下文還要再予以敘述。Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClauseThepulmonaryarterydividesintotwobranchesandcarriesbloodtothelung,whereitpassesthroughthenumerouscapillariesthatsurroundthealveoliofthelungs.

肺動脈分為兩支，把血液輸送到肺。在肺部，

血液流經肺泡周圍無數的毛細血管。Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClauseThelastexaminationispalpation,whichinvolvestakingthepulseandtouchingvariouspartsofthebodyandacupuncturepoints.

最后一步是切診，（）包括脈診和按診。Which-clauseThepatientsundergoingtheoperationareusuallyconsciousduringtheentiresurgicalcourse,whichmakesitpossibleforthesurgeonsandthepatientstoactinclosecooperation.接受手術的患者在整個手術期間都保持清醒，

這就使得外科醫(yī)生和患者能夠密切配合。Which-clauseSometimesthefallopiantuberuptures,causing

internalhemorrhage,inwhichcasesurgerymust

bedoneimmediatelytosavethemother’slife.有時輸卵管破裂引起內出血，在此情況下，必須進行外科手術以挽救母親的生命。Which-clauseThepatient’stemperatureroseto40℃,

whichmadethecasemoredangerous.患者的體溫升至40℃，這使得病情更為危險。Thedrughasrapidonsetandrelativelyshort

durationofaction,thankstowhichitseffect

caneasilyberegulated.

這種藥物見效快，作用時間相對較短，

因此其功效易于調節(jié)。Which-clauseSplitAttributiveClauseDiagnosiscanbeconfirmedonconditionthatbacteremiaisdemonstrated,whichissaidtobepossibleinabout70~90percentofcases.

如有菌血癥，就可確診，據說在70-90%的病例中有出現(xiàn)此癥的可能。SplitAttributiveClause

Allnecessarymeasureshavebeentakenwhich

wethinkmightarresttheprocessofthedisease.已采取了一切我們認為能阻止此病進程的必要措施。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsTheantibioticsandsulfonamideswhicharesoeffectiveagainstinvadingbacteriaarevaluelessagainsttheviruses.

雖然抗生素和磺胺類藥物對入侵機體的細菌如此有效，但對病毒卻無能為力。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsThebloodflowmaybeincreasedbymorerapidandvigorousheartaction,whichacceleratesthemovementofheattotheskin.

血流可因更快和更有力的心臟活動而增加，

從而加速了皮膚散熱。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsAcharacteristicthathemorrhagicdisordershave

incommonisadisruptionofthecoagulation

processwhichbringsaboutabnormalbleeding.

出血性疾病的一個共同特征就是凝血過程遭到破壞，因而（結果）引起異常出血。TypeIIdiabetes,whichmayoccuratanypeople,ismostfrequentinpatientswhogotobesity.II型糖尿病雖可發(fā)生于任何人，但以肥胖病人

最為常見。Acat,whoseeyescantakeinmoreraysof

lightthanoureyes,canseethingsclearlyinthenight.

因為貓的眼睛比我們人的眼睛能吸收更多

的光線，所以貓在夜里看東西很清楚。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsPaticularcautionmustbeobservedinthetreatmentofnephropathicsubjectswiththedruginwhoma

retentionofurinecanproducehighbloodlevel.

在用此藥治療腎病患者時必須特別謹慎，

因為尿潴留可使藥物在血液中濃度升高。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsSmallchangeinthecompositionoftheextracellularfluidproducesreactions,which

quicklyrestoretheinternalenvironmenttoits

originalstage.

細胞外液成分任何小的改變都可引起一些反應，

以便盡快使內環(huán)境恢復到原來的狀態(tài)。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsAnymedicalstudentwhonotonlystudies

knowledgeonthebookbutalsotakespartin

medicalpracticemightbecomequalifieddoctor.

如果醫(yī)學生既學習課本知識又參加醫(yī)學實踐，

那他就有可能成為一名合格的醫(yī)生。AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbialsAs-ClausesAseveryoneknows,influenzaishighlycontagious.

眾所周知，流感具有高度的傳染性。Obstructionoftheportalflow,assometimesoccursincirrhosisoftheliver,isoneimportantcauseofascites.有時會發(fā)生于肝硬化的門靜脈阻塞是引起腹水的一個重要原因。As-Clauses

Asisoftenthecase,theorganismremainsmainlyextracellular.

像通常情況那樣，細菌仍主要在細胞外。Thedigestiveenzymes,asmightbeexpected,dotheirworkbestatthetemperatureofthebody.

消化酶，如所預期的那樣，在正常體溫下能

發(fā)揮最大的作用。

As-ClausesCanceralsomaybeclassifiedintofourgradesonthebasisoftheirdegreeofmalignancy,as

isdeterminedbymicroscopicexamination.基于顯微鏡檢查所確定的惡性程度，癌癥可

分為四級。Theresultofradiationtherapywsnotsuchaswehadexpected.

放療的結果并不像我們所預期的那樣。As-ClausesApollutantisasubstancethatcontaminatessuch

thingsaswater,air,foodandothersubstances.污染物就是污染水、空氣、食物及其它東西的物質。Thesymptommaybeassociatedwithableedingtendencysuchas

occursinscurvy.這一癥狀可能伴隨類似壞血病時所出現(xiàn)的出血傾向。As-ClausesYoucanusemystethoscope,suchasitis.

你可以用我的聽診器，盡管它不怎么好！Wemadeuseofasmanydataaswereavailableatthattimetoresearchthatkindofhighlycommunicableinfection.

我們使用了當時所有能找到的數據來研究

那種烈性傳染病。As-ClausesUnapparentorsubclinicalinfectionswithinfluenzavirusareatleastasfrequentasisthemanifestdisease.

不明顯或亞臨床的流感病毒感染，至少與

明顯的流感病毒感染同樣常見。Noneofthe11studiessatisfiedthesametestingstandardsaswererecentlypresentedbyBertonetal.

在這十一項研究中，沒有一項符合伯頓等人最

近提出的那些檢測標準。TheOther