Unit5ThevalueofmoneyListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking語言點課件-高中英語人教版

ListeningandSpeaking—ReadingandThinkingLanguage

pointsbasisn.

[sing.]原因；緣由thereasonwhypeopletakeaparticularaction:Shewaschosenforthejobonthebasisofherqualifications.她因資歷適合而獲選擔(dān)任這項工作。

[sing.]基準(zhǔn)；準(zhǔn)則；方式thewaythingsareorganizedorarranged:onaregular/permanent/part-time/temporarybasis定期/永久/兼職/臨時性地onadaily/day-to-day/weeklybasis按每天/每日/每周一次的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)bas-(low低的)+-is→低處→基礎(chǔ)，同根詞：base,basic

[C,usuallysing.]

(pl.bases)[U]基礎(chǔ)；要素；基點theimportantfacts,ideasoreventsthatsupportsth.andthatitcandevelopfromonthebasisof...根據(jù)……；在……的基礎(chǔ)上Onthebasisofthosefacts,wecanreachthefollowingconclusion.basev.以…為據(jù)點(或總部等)；把(總部等)設(shè)在touseaparticularcity,town,etc.asthemainplaceforabusiness,holiday/vacation,etc.base

sb/sth/yourselfin...把……安置在……TheydecidedtobasethenewcompanyinYork.他們決定將新成立的公司總部設(shè)在約克郡。base...on/upon...把……建立在……，以……為根據(jù)bebasedon/upon以……為根據(jù)(基礎(chǔ))Ibasemyhopesonthegoodnewswehadyesterday.我把希望寄托在我們昨天得到的好消息上.Thisnovelisbasedonhistoricalfacts.這部小說是以歷史事實為根據(jù)的.

basen.

根基；基底；底座[C,usuallysing.]thelowestpartofsth,especiallythepartorsurfaceonwhichitrestsorstands：thebaseofacolumn/glass柱基；玻璃杯底座basen.

[C]根據(jù)；出發(fā)點(SYN:basis)

anidea,afact,asituation,etc.fromwhichsth.isdevelopedHisargumentshaveasoundeconomicbase.他的論點有充分的經(jīng)濟(jì)上的根據(jù)。

[C,usuallysing.](支持、收入、力量等的)來源，源泉，基礎(chǔ)thepeople,activity,etc.fromwhichsb/sthgetsmostoftheirsupport,income,power,etc.Thesepolicieshaveabroadbaseofsupport.這些政策受到廣泛支持。

[C,usuallysing.]混合物的首要（或主要）成分thefirstormainpartofasubstancetowhichotherthingsareadded:Putsomemoisturizeronasabasebeforeapplyingyourmake-up.化妝前先搽些潤膚霜打底。

[C]據(jù)點；總部；大本營themainplacewhereyouliveorstayorwhereabusinessoperatesfrom:ThecompanyhasitsbaseinNewYork,andbranchofficesallovertheworld.公司總部設(shè)在紐約，分支遍及全世界。⑥[C,U]基地aplacewhereanarmy,anavy,etc.operatesfrom:amilitary/navalbase軍事/海軍基地【派生詞】baseless無根據(jù)的；無基礎(chǔ)的basicadj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的formingthepartofsththatismostnecessaryandfromwhichotherthingsdevelop:basicinformation/facts/ideas基本信息/事實/思想thebasicprinciplesoflaw法律的基本原則bebasicto………的重要依據(jù)，基礎(chǔ)Thesefactsarebasictoanunderstandingofthecase.這些事實是了解這一案件的重要依據(jù).basicallyadv.大體上；基本上inthemostimportantways,withoutconsideringthingsthatarelessimportant:Yes,that’sbasicallycorrect.對，基本正確。Thetwoapproachesarebasicallyverysimilar.兩種方法其實差不多。寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Honestyisthebasisoffriendship. __________2.We’regoingtobemeetingthereonaregularbasis. __________3.Shewaschosenforthejobonthebasisofherqualifications（資歷）andideas. __________4.Onthebasisofevidencewededuced（推斷）thathewasguilty. __________5.Thisarticlewillformthebasisforourdiscussion. __________basis友誼的基礎(chǔ)定期地/經(jīng)常地由于/因為根據(jù)作為……的基礎(chǔ)1.___________(base)onhisexperiences,hisnovelwasquitepopular.2.___________(base)hisnovelonhisexperiences,heenjoyedagoodreputation.3.Thegovernmentsetupthecompany_______(base)onabrilliantblueprint.4.___________(base),hisquestionswerereally___________(base).5.Thedecisionwasmade_______thebasisoftheinformationwehad.6.Whilemydeskmateclaimsthatshecanpredictthecontentofnexttest,thereisnoscientific

(base)behindit.

7.Whenyouselectamajor,itis

(base)toselecttheoneyoulike.BasedBasingbasedBasicallybasiconbasisbasicapologiseapology詞源故事公元前399年，古希臘哲學(xué)家蘇格拉底被雅典政府以“褻瀆神靈、敗壞青年”的罪名起訴。蘇格拉底在由500人組成的陪審團(tuán)面前做了著名的申辯，但申辯并沒能挽救他自己。蘇格拉底最終被判處死刑，飲毒而亡。他的學(xué)生柏拉圖將他這篇申辯詞記錄下來，流傳后世?！吧贽q”一詞在希臘語中寫作apologia，意思是“自我辯護(hù)的演講”。這就是英語單詞apology的來源。由于自我辯護(hù)時需要先表達(dá)歉意，“道歉”和“辯解”總是聯(lián)系在一起，所以apology衍生出“道歉”之意。構(gòu)詞：apology(道歉)+-ise(使……)n[C]&[U]道歉；歉意：acceptsb’sapology接受某人的道歉Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldacceptmyapologyandforgiveme.Idemandanimmediateapologyfromyou.要求道歉owesb.anapologyforsth.因某事而應(yīng)向某人道歉Youowehimanapologyforwhatyousaid.make/express/conveyanapologytosb.forsth.因某事向某人道歉Imustmakeanapologytohimfornotgoingtohisparty.apologyvi

道歉；表示歉意：Trytoforgivesomeonewhentheyapologise.It’snoteasyforanyonetosaysorry.apologise(tosb.)for(doing)sth.:因(做)某事向某人道歉Youshouldapologisetoherforblamingherwrongly.是你錯怪了她，你該給她道歉。apologisetosb.that...向某人道歉……apologise(apology+-ise)“Sorry,”shesaid,withanapologeticsmile.“對不起?！彼f，歉然一笑。apologeticallyadv.道歉地，認(rèn)錯地；辯解地“I’msorryI’mlate,”hemurmuredapologetically.“對不起，我遲到了?！彼÷暤狼刚f。apologeticadj.道歉的；謝罪的；愧疚的feelingorshowingthatyouaresorryfordoingsthwrongorforcausingaproblem:一、根據(jù)所給漢語及提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Please___________________（接受我的道歉）forhavingtocancelourmeeting.2.Ihopeyouaregoingto_________________（道歉）.(apology)3.Ithinkyoushould______________________（向你弟弟道歉）.(apologise)二、根據(jù)所給詞塊，將下列句子譯成英語。1.你應(yīng)該為你所說的話向他道歉。(owesbanapology)_________________________________________________________2.我再次為我的錯誤向您致以誠摯的歉意。(apologisetosbfordoingsth)_________________________________________________________apologiseacceptmyapologymakeanapologyapologisetoyourbrotherYouowehimanapologyforwhatyousaid.Isincerelyapologiseagaintoyouformymistake.inreturn

作為回報；作為回應(yīng)(后不加賓語)inreturnfor...作為……的交換；作為……的報答（后必須加賓語）inturn

依次；反過來byturns輪流；時而……時而……on/uponone'sreturn某人一回來returnto回到[練透]——對比填空(inreturn,inreturnfor,inturn，byturns)____________yourhelp,Iinviteyoutospendtheweekendwithmyfamily.Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.________，weexpectthemtoworkhard.Asweallknow，alltheoriescomefrompracticeand________servepractice.Peoplestandinlinewaitingtotakenucleicacidtests .InreturnforInreturninturnbyturns【名師點津】常見“in+n.”短語①incase以防萬一②inadvance事先;提前③indanger處于危險中④inorder井井有條⑤inplace在正確位置⑥inreality/fact事實上judge“不要以貌取人”這句話還有很多說法。其中一個著名的版本出自《圣經(jīng)約翰福音》第7章。原文是“Neverjudge

fromappearances,butjudge

withrightjudgment.”“不可按外貌定是非，總要按公平斷定是非”。即不可以貌取人，判斷事物不應(yīng)受表面現(xiàn)象蒙蔽。Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.judgevvi&vt

判斷toformanopinionaboutsb/sth：judge...from/by...從……判斷……Theperformancewasgood,whenjudgedbytheirusualstandards.按他們平時的水平衡量,這次演出不錯.judgingby/from...從……判斷Judgingfrom/byheraccent,shemustbefromSichuan.asfarasIcanjudge據(jù)我判斷；我認(rèn)為AsfarasIcanjudge,allofthemaretoblame.依我看,他們都應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

vt

估計

toguessthesize,amount,etc.ofsth：It’sdifficulttojudgehowlongthejourneywilltake.

vt&vi評價

tobecriticalaboutsb,todecidewhethersbisgoodorbad:I’velearntagoodlesson:nottojudgepeople.Itisunfairtojudgeapersonbasedonhisappearance.

vt&vi裁判；評判：ShewasaskedtojudgetheEnglishspeechcompetition.

vt

審判；判決：judgeacase/judgesbguilty審理案件/判某人有罪n[C]

法官；裁判員；鑒定人：Sheisaverygoodjudgeofcharacter.judge語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖vn判斷judge（基本義）根據(jù)所見、所聞、所學(xué)“判斷”某事物“判斷”大小、數(shù)量等不公正或批評地對某人作出“判斷”“判斷”比賽結(jié)果“判斷”案件審判；判決判斷估計評價裁判；評判裁判員鑒定人法官judgement

[U]判斷力；辨別力theabilitytoformopinionsortomakesensibledecisions：Heshowedexcellentjudgementinchoosingafriend.

[C]&[U]意見；看法；評價anopinionthatyouformafterthinkingcarefully：makeajudgementon/about對…做個判斷Herefusedtomakeajudgementaboutthesituation.他拒絕對形勢作出評價。Inone’sjudgement在某人看來Inherjudgment,itwasawrongthingtogivechildrensomuchpocketmoney.[C]&[U]審判；判決thedecisionofacourtorajudge：Thejudgmentwillbegiventomorrow.此案將于明日宣判。judge一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Judgingfromthewritingstyleofthepassage,itisapieceofadvertisement._____________2.Ijudgedhimtobeabout50._____________3.Weshouldavoidjudgingpeoplebytheirappearances._____________4.I’vebeenaskedtojudgetheessaycompetition._____________5.Sheisafamousjudgeincourt.

_____________判斷估計評價擔(dān)任裁判法官二、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Thecrowdaroundmewereobviouslyenjoyingtheirdayoutattheraces,__________(judge)bytheirhappyfaces.2.Irespecthis_____________(judge)andI’llfollowanyadvicehegivesme.3.Herefusedtomakeajudgement__________thesituation.judgementjudgingabout/onWell，IthinkthatChenLiyanwascorrectinreturningthemoney，butsheshouldhaveacceptedthemoneyWangoffered.哦，我認(rèn)為陳麗燕歸還錢是對的，但是她本該接受王提供的錢。[句式分析]本句中shouldhavedone屬于“情態(tài)動詞＋have＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。shouldhavedone在語義上相當(dāng)于oughttohavedone，表示“過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻沒有做”；shouldn'thavedone表示“過去本來不應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻做了”。這一用法往往含有責(zé)備的意味。Heshouldn'thavesaidthattohisbrother.他不該對他弟弟說那些話?！扒閼B(tài)動詞＋have＋過去分詞”的其他形式：(1)musthavedone表示對過去行為的推測，意為“一定；想必”，語氣十分肯定。(2)may/mighthavedone表示對過去行為的推測，意為“可能做過”。might所表示的可能性比較弱，語氣較委婉。(3)can/couldhavedone表示“本來可以做而實際上未做”或者“過去可能”，疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定，其中can'thavedone多用于語氣強(qiáng)烈的否定，意為“不可能做過”。(4)needn'thavedone表示“本來不必做某事而實際上卻做了”。Hemay/mighthavegonetothelibrary.他或許已經(jīng)去圖書館了。Theycan'thaveleft；itwasrainingsoheavilythen.當(dāng)時雨很大，他們不可能離開。Youneedn'thavecome.Ihavefinishedthework.你本不必來的，我已經(jīng)完成了這項工作。A:Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.湯姆很小的時候就從大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。B:Oh,hemusthavebeenaverysmartboythen.噢，那他一定是個非常