2020年英語專業(yè)八級考試備考資料

2020年英語專業(yè)八級考試備考資料聽力部分備考資料聽力對話（Mini-lecture）Mini-lecture通常是一篇約900詞的講座，之后會有15道填空題。1.熟悉講座主題類型常見主題包括學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域（如文學(xué)、歷史、哲學(xué)、社會學(xué)等）和社會生活話題（如文化習(xí)俗、教育、科技發(fā)展等）。例如，可能會有關(guān)于“莎士比亞戲劇中的女性角色”“社交媒體對人際關(guān)系的影響”等講座。2.聽力技巧訓(xùn)練-預(yù)讀題目：在聽力開始前，快速瀏覽題目，預(yù)判講座內(nèi)容和可能出現(xiàn)的信息點。比如看到題目中有“_____factorsinfluencingdecision-making”，就知道要重點聽決策的影響因素。-邊聽邊記：使用縮寫、符號和關(guān)鍵詞記錄重要信息。例如，“increase”可寫成“↑”，“decrease”寫成“↓”；“example”寫成“eg.”。-注意邏輯詞：如“firstly,secondly,however,therefore”等，它們能幫助你把握講座的結(jié)構(gòu)和重點內(nèi)容。3.練習(xí)題以下是一道模擬Mini-lecture題目及聽力原文：聽力原文：Today,wearegoingtotalkaboutthedevelopmentofurbantransportation.Urbantransportationhasgonethroughseveralsignificantstages.Thefirststageisthehorse-drawncarriageera.Inthepast,horse-drawncarriageswerethemainmeansoftransportationincities.Theywereslowbutrelativelystable.Peoplemainlyusedthemforshort-distancetravelwithinthecity.Thencamethetramera.Tramswereintroducedinthelate19thcentury.Theyranontracksandwerepoweredbyelectricity.Tramsincreasedthespeedofurbantransportationandcouldcarrymorepassengers.Theywereverypopularinmanybigcitiesatthattime.Thethirdstageistheautomobileera.Withtheinventionoftheinternalcombustionengine,carsbecamemoreandmorecommonincities.Carsprovidedmoreflexibilityforpeopletotravel.However,theyalsobroughtsomeproblems,suchastrafficcongestionandairpollution.Now,weareenteringtheeraofintelligenttransportation.IntelligenttransportationsystemsuseadvancedtechnologieslikeartificialintelligenceandtheInternetofThings.Forexample,smarttrafficlightscanadjusttheirtimingaccordingtothetrafficflow,andself-drivingcarsarebeingtestedinmanyplaces.Thesetechnologiesaimtomakeurbantransportationmoreefficientandsustainable.題目：1.Thefirststageofurbantransportationisthe______era.2.Horse-drawncarriagesweremainlyusedfor______travelwithinthecity.3.Tramswereintroducedinthe______century.4.Tramswerepoweredby______.5.Theautomobileerawasbroughtaboutbytheinventionofthe______.6.Carsprovidedmore______forpeopletotravel.7.Twoproblemscausedbycarsare______andairpollution.8.Thecurrenteraofurbantransportationistheeraof______transportation.9.Intelligenttransportationsystemsuseadvancedtechnologieslike______andtheInternetofThings.10.Smarttrafficlightscanadjusttheirtimingaccordingtothe______.答案：1.horse-drawncarriage2.short-distance3.late19th4.electricity5.internalcombustionengine6.flexibility7.trafficcongestion8.intelligent9.artificialintelligence10.trafficflow聽力訪談（Interview/Conversation）聽力訪談通常是一段對話，之后會有5道選擇題。1.熟悉常見話題話題包括教育、職業(yè)發(fā)展、文化交流、健康養(yǎng)生等。例如，可能會有關(guān)于“如何選擇合適的大學(xué)專業(yè)”“職場新人的職業(yè)規(guī)劃”等對話。2.聽力技巧訓(xùn)練-抓住主旨：注意對話開頭和結(jié)尾部分，了解對話的主要目的和核心內(nèi)容。-關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)：對話中可能會出現(xiàn)時間、地點、人物觀點等細(xì)節(jié)信息，需要仔細(xì)聆聽并記錄。-理解態(tài)度：注意說話者的語氣和用詞，判斷其對話題的態(tài)度是積極、消極還是中立。3.練習(xí)題聽力原文：A:Hi,Mary.IheardyoujustcamebackfromastudyabroadprograminFrance.Howwasit?B:Oh,itwasamazing!Ireallyenjoyedmytimethere.A:Whatdidyoulikemostabouttheexperience?B:Well,theculturewasoneofthehighlights.TheFrenchpeoplearesopassionateaboutart,food,andfashion.IvisitedmanyartmuseumsandtriedallkindsofdeliciousFrenchcuisine.A:Soundsgreat.Didyouhaveanydifficultiesduringyourstay?B:Yeah,thelanguagewasabitofachallengeatfirst.AlthoughIhadlearnedsomeFrenchinschool,itwasstillhardtocommunicatefluentlyinreal-lifesituations.ButImanagedtoimprovemylanguageskillsovertime.A:That'sgood.Didyoumakeanyfriendsthere?B:Absolutely!Imadesomereallygoodfriends,bothFrenchstudentsandotherinternationalstudents.Weoftenwentouttogetherandhadalotoffun.A:Itseemslikeyouhadaveryfulfillingexperience.Wouldyourecommendittoothers?B:Definitely!Ithinkstudyingabroadisagreatopportunitytobroadenyourhorizonsandgainnewperspectives.題目：1.WheredidMarygoforthestudy-abroadprogram?A.EnglandB.FranceC.Italy2.WhatdidMarylikemostabouttheexperience?A.TheweatherB.ThecultureC.Theaccommodation3.WhatwasadifficultyMaryfacedduringherstay?A.FindingaplacetoliveB.MakingfriendsC.CommunicatinginFrench4.WhodidMarymakefriendswith?A.OnlyFrenchstudentsB.OnlyinternationalstudentsC.BothFrenchandinternationalstudents5.WhatdoesMarythinkofstudyingabroad?A.It'sawasteoftime.B.It'sagreatopportunity.C.It'stooexpensive.答案：1.B2.B3.C4.C5.B閱讀理解部分備考資料題型特點閱讀理解部分包括選擇題和簡答題，文章題材廣泛，涵蓋文學(xué)、社會、科技、歷史等領(lǐng)域。1.閱讀技巧訓(xùn)練-略讀：快速瀏覽文章標(biāo)題、首尾段和每段的首句，了解文章的主旨和大致結(jié)構(gòu)。-掃讀：根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞，在文章中快速定位相關(guān)信息。-精讀：對于重要的段落和句子，仔細(xì)閱讀，理解其含義和邏輯關(guān)系。2.練習(xí)題閱讀文章：Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbecomeincreasinglyimportantinrecentdecades.Itreferstothedevelopmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Oneofthekeyaspectsofsustainabledevelopmentisenvironmentalprotection.Thisincludesmeasuressuchasreducingpollution,conservingnaturalresources,andprotectingbiodiversity.Forexample,manycountriesarenowinvestinginrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpowertoreducetheirrelianceonfossilfuels,whichcauseenvironmentaldamage.Anotherimportantaspectiseconomicdevelopment.Sustainabledevelopmentrequiresthateconomicgrowthbeachievedinawaythatisenvironmentallyfriendlyandsociallyresponsible.Thismayinvolvepromotinggreenindustries,suchastheproductionofelectricvehiclesandthedevelopmentofsustainableagriculture.Socialdevelopmentisalsoanintegralpartofsustainabledevelopment.Itfocusesonimprovingthequalityoflifeforallpeople,especiallythepoorandmarginalized.Thiscanbeachievedthroughmeasuressuchasprovidingaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andcleanwater.Inconclusion,sustainabledevelopmentisacomplexandmulti-facetedconceptthatrequiresabalancebetweenenvironmental,economic,andsocialfactors.題目：1.Whatdoessustainabledevelopmentreferto?A.Meetingtheneedsofthepresentonly.B.Meetingtheneedsoffuturegenerationsonly.C.Meetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.2.Whichofthefollowingisameasureofenvironmentalprotectioninsustainabledevelopment?A.Usingmorefossilfuels.B.Investinginrenewableenergysources.C.Increasingpollution.3.Whatdoessustainableeconomicdevelopmentrequire?A.Economicgrowthatanycost.B.Economicgrowththatisenvironmentallyfriendlyandsociallyresponsible.C.Onlyfocusingontraditionalindustries.4.Whatisanimportantpartofsocialdevelopmentinsustainabledevelopment?A.Ignoringthepoor.B.Providingaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andcleanwater.C.Promotingluxuryconsumption.5.Whatkindofconceptissustainabledevelopment?A.Asimpleandone-sidedconcept.B.Acomplexandmulti-facetedconcept.C.Aconceptthatonlyfocusesontheenvironment.簡答題：1.Listtwokeyaspectsofsustainabledevelopmentmentionedinthepassage.2.Whyaremanycountriesinvestinginrenewableenergysources?答案：選擇題：1.C2.B3.B4.B5.B簡答題：1.Environmentalprotection,economicdevelopment,andsocialdevelopment(anytwoofthem).2.Toreducetheirrelianceonfossilfuels,whichcauseenvironmentaldamage.語言知識部分備考資料語法和詞匯考點語法方面重點考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、從句、非謂語動詞等；詞匯方面注重近義詞辨析、固定搭配、詞匯的語境運用等。1.語法練習(xí)題1.IfI______you,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.A.amB.wasC.wereD.be2.Thebook,______isblue,belongstome.A.whosecoverB.itscoverC.thecoverofthatD.thecover3.He______inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedthearmy.A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork4.______isknowntoall,theearthisround.A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.What5.Theteacheraswellasthestudents______interestedinthemovie.A.areB.isC.haveD.has答案：1.C2.A3.C4.B5.B2.詞匯練習(xí)題1.Thenewpolicywillhaveapositive______ontheeconomy.A.affectB.effectC.effortD.afford2.Thetwowordsaresimilarinmeaning,butthereisaslight______betweenthem.A.differenceB.differentC.differentiateD.differential3.Thecompanyistryingto______itsmarketshareintheglobalmarket.A.increaseB.raiseC.riseD.lift4.Heisso______thathebelieveseverythingotherstellhim.A.credibleB.credulousC.incredulousD.incredible5.Theprofessorgaveavery______speechattheconference.A.informB.informedC.informativeD.information答案：1.B2.A3.A4.B5.C翻譯部分備考資料漢譯英漢譯英要求考生將一段約150個漢字的中文段落翻譯成英語，注重對語言準(zhǔn)確性和流暢性的考查。1.常用翻譯技巧-詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：根據(jù)英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，將中文的名詞、動詞等進(jìn)行詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。例如，“他的成功源于他的努力”可譯為“Hissuccessresultsfromhishardwork”，將“成功”（名詞）和“努力”（名詞）直接使用。-增詞減詞：為了使譯文更符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，有時需要增加或減少一些詞。例如，“她很漂亮”可譯為“Sheisverybeautiful”，增加了“very”使表達(dá)更自然。-句子結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整：將中文的流水句調(diào)整為英語的復(fù)合句或并列句。例如，“他來了，他看到了，他征服了”可譯為“Hecame,hesaw,andheconquered”。2.練習(xí)題中文段落：中國有著悠久的歷史和豐富的文化。在過去的幾十年里，中國在經(jīng)濟和科技領(lǐng)域取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。許多中國的科技公司在全球市場上變得越來越有競爭力。中國的高鐵技術(shù)更是聞名世界，為人們的出行提供了便利。參考譯文：Chinahasalonghistoryandrichculture.Inthepastfewdecades,Chinahasmadegreatprogressinthefieldsofeconomyandtechnology.ManyChinesetechnologycompanieshavebecomemoreandmorecompetitiveintheglobalmarket.China'shigh-speedrailtechnologyisworld-famous,providingconvenienceforpeople'stravel.英譯漢英譯漢要求考生將一段約150個英文單詞的段落翻譯成中文，要準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)原文的意思，同時注意中文表達(dá)的通順性。1.常用翻譯技巧-詞義選擇：根據(jù)上下文選擇合適的詞義。例如，“bank”有“銀行”“河岸”等意思，需要根據(jù)語境確定。-語序調(diào)整：將英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整為符合中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣的語序。例如，“Themanwhoisstandingoverthereismyteacher”可譯為“站在那邊的那個人是我的老師”。-被動語態(tài)處理：英語中被動語態(tài)使用較多，翻譯時可根據(jù)情況譯為主動語態(tài)或保留被動形式。例如，“Thebookwaswrittenbyafamousauthor”可譯為“這本書是一位著名作家寫的”。2.練習(xí)題英文段落：Thedevelopmentofmoderntechnologyhasbroughtaboutmanychangesinourlives.WecannowcommunicatewithpeopleallovertheworldeasilythroughtheInternet.Mobilephoneshavealsomadeourlivesmoreconvenient.However,thesetechnologicaladvancementsalsobringsomeproblems,suchasprivacyissuesandcyber-attacks.參考譯文：現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展給我們的生活帶來了許多變化?，F(xiàn)在我們可以通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)輕松地與世界各地的人交流。手機也使我們的生活更加便利。然而，這些科技進(jìn)步也帶來了一些問題，比如隱私問題和網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊。寫作部分備考資料寫作題型寫作通常要求考生根據(jù)給定的題目或話題，寫一篇約400詞的議論文，需要觀點明確、論證充分、結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。1.寫作結(jié)構(gòu)-開頭：引入話題，提出自己的觀點?？梢允褂帽尘敖榻B、引用名言、提出問題等方式開頭。-中間：分段落進(jìn)行論證，每個段落有一個明確的分論點，并提供相應(yīng)的論據(jù)支持。論據(jù)可以是事例、數(shù)據(jù)、專家觀點等。-結(jié)尾：總結(jié)全文，再次強調(diào)自己的觀點，也可以提出一些建議或展望。2.寫作練習(xí)題目1.SomepeoplethinkthattheInternethasanegativeimpactonpeople'scommunicationskills.Doyouagreeordisagree?2.Shoulduniversitiesfocusmoreonpracticalskillstrainingortheoreticalknowledgeteaching?3.Isitnecessaryforstudentstotakepartinsocialactivitiesduringtheircollegeyears?以下是一篇關(guān)于“Isitnecessaryforstudentstotakepartinsocialactivitiesduringtheircollegeyears?”的范文：Inmodernsociety,theissueofwhetherstudentsshouldparticipateinsocialactivitiesduringtheircollegeyearshassparkedaheateddebate.Inmyopinion,itisdefinitelynecessaryforstudentstoengageinsocialactivities.Firstofall,participatinginsocialactivitiescanhelpstudentsdeveloptheircommunicationskills.Incollege,studentsmainlystudyinclassrooms,butsocialactivitiesprovidethemwithaplatformtocommunicatewithdifferentpeople.Forexample,joiningavolunteergroupallowsst