考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷633

考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷633

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。）

TensofthousandsofpeoplemarchedtotheMartinLutherKingJr.Memorialanddown

theNationalMallonSaturday,commemoratingthe50thanniversaryofKing'sfamous

speechandpledgingthathisdreamincludesequalityforgays,Latinos,thepoorandthe

disabled.EricHolder,thenation'sfirstblackattorneygeneral,saidhewouldnotbein

office,norwouldBarackObamabepresident,withoutthosewhomarched."They

marchedinspiteofanimosity,oppressionandbrutalitybecausetheybelievedinthe

greatnessofwhatthisnationcouldbecomeanddespairedofthefoundingpromisesnot

kept,"Holdersaid.Organizersexpectedabout100,000peopletoparticipateintheevent,

theprecursortotheactualanniversaryoftheAug.28,1963,marchthatdrewsome

250,000totheNationalMallandusheredintheideaofmassive,nonviolent

demonstrations.LyndaChambers,58,gaveupaday'spaytoattendbecauseherretailjob

doesnotprovidepaidvacation.Evenasa7-year-oldatthetimeoftheoriginalmarch,she

feltalienatedanddeprivedofherrights.Rememberingthosefeelings,shesaid,shewas

compelledtomakethetripSaturday."IwantedtohavesomesortofconnectiontowhatI

havealwaysknown,asfarasbeingablackperson,"shesaid.Speakersinthemarch

frequentlymentionedpersistenthighunemploymentamongblacks,whichisabouttwice

thatofwhiteAmericans,andtheacquittalofGeorgeZimmermanfortheshootingdeath

ofunarmedblackteenagerTrayonMartininFlorida.AlongtheMall,Martin'spicture

wasnearlyasubiquitousasKing's.NancyNorman,ofSeattle,saidshewasdisappointed

morepeoplewholooklikeherhadnotattended.Sheiswhite.Butthe58-year-oldshe

saidshewasgladtohearclimatechangediscussedalongsidevotingrights."I'mthekind

ofpersonwhothinksallofthosethingsareinterconnected.Climatechangeisatthetop

ofmylist,"saidNorman."Idon'tthinkit'sonewecansetasideforanyotherdiscussion."

Onthedayoftheanniversary,PresidentBarackObamawillspeakfromthestepsofthe

LincolnMemorial.HewillbejoinedbyformerPresidentsBillClintonandJimmyCarter.

Churchesandgroupshavebeenaskedtoringbellsat3p.m.Wednesday,markingthe

exacttimeKingspoke.

"QAmgrieal

1、AccordingtoEricHolder,what'sthemajorpurposeofthemarch?

A、Tocommemoratethe50thanniversaryofKing'sfamousspeech.

B、Tocongratulatethemselvesforholdingthegreathistoricalevent.

C、Toexpresstheirwishesanddisappointmentsoftheunfulfilledpromises.

D、Tothrealenthepresentgovernnienlinapowerfulandiionviolenlway.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C」-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段。本題考查此次游行的主要目

的。根據(jù)該段引言中的Theymarchedinspiteof...becausetheybelievedinthe

greatnessofwhatthisnationcouldbecomeanddespairedofthefoundingpromisesnot

kept可以得知，C項(xiàng)”為了表達(dá)他們（對(duì)國(guó)家）的希望和對(duì)于（建國(guó)時(shí)）未能實(shí)現(xiàn)諾言的

失望”為正確答案。

2、WecanlearnfromParagraph3thatthemarchin1963broughtabout

A、discriminationagainstthewhitepeople

B、conceptionoflarge-scaleandnonviolentmarch

C>freedomandhumanrightsfbrblackpeople

D^greatreputationofMartinLutherKing

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段。該段最后提到the

Aug.28,1963,inarchthat...usheredintheideaofmassive,nonviolent

demonstrations,由此可見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng)為B項(xiàng)，B項(xiàng)為原文的同義替換。

3、HowdidLyndaChambersfeelintheoriginalinarch?

A、Helplessandhopelessforthegovernment.

B、Excitedandcheerfulaboutherfuture.

C^Respectedandhopefulinherlife.

D、Separatedanddeprivedofherrights.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。限據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段。該段提到Evenasa7-year?

oldatthetimeoftheoriginalmarch,shefeltalienatedanddeprivedofherrights,由止匕

可知D項(xiàng)”（感至lj）孤立和被剝奪人權(quán)”為正確答案，separated是原文alienated的同義

復(fù)現(xiàn)。

4、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatspeakers5majorconcerninthemarch

is.

A^votingrights

B、climatechange

C^highunemploymenirate

D、nonviolentdemonstration

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第五段。該段首句即指出Speakersin

themarchfrequentlymentionedpersistenthighunemploymentamongblacks,因此C

項(xiàng)“高失業(yè)率”為正確答案。

5、Asawhiteman,what'sNancyNorman'sattitudetowardthemarch?

A、Supportive.

R、Critical.

C、Negative.

D、Neutral.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：態(tài)度題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第六段。第六段整體在講述Nancy

對(duì)這次游行的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。本段首句即點(diǎn)明Nancy的態(tài)度：她對(duì)沒(méi)有更多像她一

樣的人來(lái)參加游行表示失望。此外本段第二句H4shewasgladtohearclimatechange

discussedalongsidevotingrights”她很高興能夠同時(shí)討論氣候變化和選舉權(quán)”也表明

她對(duì)這次游行的態(tài)度。由此可知，A項(xiàng)“支持的”為正確答案。

Notlongago,BarackObamawashopingthathigh-speedtrainswouldprovideAmerica

withthedesiredbenefits.First,buildingthespecialtracksandlocomotiveswouldputa

divisionortwoofAmerica'sarmyofunemployedbacktowork.Then,oncebuilt,the

trainswouldgetpeopleoutofcarsandplanesandtotheirdestinationsinawaythat

wouldbecleaneranduselessforeignoil.Butthosedreamshavemostlydied.

Republicanshavedecidedthatgovernmentspending,notoutdatedinfrastructure,isthe

realproblem,andRepublicangovernorsinFlorida,WisconsinandOhiohaverejected

federalmoneytobeginbuilding.OnlyinCaliforniadoesthedreamliveon.AsGovernor

JerryBrown,aged73andaDemocrat,likestoremember,anotherbigrailwayprojectin

the19thcenturyconnectedtheyoungstatetotherestofAmerica.Oflate,hehas

comparedhisslate'splannedhigh-speedtraintothePanamaandSuezcanals.California's

votersusedtoagree.Ina2008ballotmeasure,theyapproved$9billioninbondstofund

justsuchatrain.Asadvertised,itwastoconnectthetwobigpopulationcentres,Los

AngelesandtheSanFranciscoBayarea.Theprojectwastocost$33billionandbe

completedasearlyas2020.Thentheironlawofinfrastructureprojectsasserteditself.

Accordingtocurrentestimates,thetrainwouldinfactcostthreetimesasmuchormore,

andtake13yearslongertobuild.Mr.Obamastillwantstohelp;hehasaskedCongress

for$35billioninrailwayfundingoverfiveyears,ofwhich$3.5billionmaygoto

California.Butevenwiththebondfunds,thosedollopswouldcoverlessthan13%ofthe

estimatedcost.Republicansareinnomoodtoallocatemore.Itgetsworse.Afterthe

ballotmeasure,itwasdecidedthatconstructionshouldbeginnotinthetwopopulation

centresbutinthevastandflatfarmlandsoftheCentralValley,wherebuildingismuch

easier.Ahighspeedtrainwouldthenrunthroughsparselypopulatedcountryside,with

hardlyanybodyridingit.Somecallthisa"traintonowhere",othersawhiteelephant.

UsingarathermoreoriginalmetaphorRichardWhite,aprofessorofhistoryatStanford,

callsit"aVietnamoftransportation:easytobeginanddifficultandexpensivetostop".

6、Theexpectedbenefitsofthehigh-speedtrainsinAmericaincludeallthefollowing

EXCEPT.

A、promotingtheunityofAmericanarmies

B、promotingemploymentinAmerica

C、travelinginacleanerway

D、usinglessforeignoil

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。取據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第一段。原文putadivisionortwoof

America'sarmyofunemployedbacktowork意為“使美國(guó)大批失業(yè)人群中的一部分重

新獲得工作"，anarmyof意為alargenumberof。A項(xiàng)是利用文中的army形成的干

擾。因此A項(xiàng)為本題的正確答案。

7、OnlyinCaliforniadoesthedreamliveonbecause.

A、itsgovernorisaDemocrat

B、Brownlikestorememberanotherbigrailwayprojectinthe19thcentury

C、Brownregardstheplannedhigh-speedtrainasveryirnporlani

D、California'svotersareallsupportive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題卜關(guān)鍵詞定位至第二段。此段講到加利福尼亞州建造

高鐵尚存希望的原因主要是州長(zhǎng)布朗。他“喜歡回憶19世紀(jì)另一項(xiàng)宏偉的鐵路工

程，該工程使成立不久的加利福尼亞州與美國(guó)的其他地區(qū)相連通”，因此，“他把

計(jì)劃修建的高鐵與巴拿馬運(yùn)河及蘇伊士運(yùn)河作對(duì)比，該計(jì)劃一樣勢(shì)在必行”。因此

C項(xiàng)“布朗認(rèn)為已計(jì)劃修建的高鐵非常重要”為正確答案。

8、ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4thatRepublicansarereluctanttoallocatemore

since.

A、high-speedtrainbelongstoinfrastructure

B、high-speedtrainwou'dcostthreetimesasmuchormore

C、high-speedtrainwouldtake13yearslongertobuild

D^theexistingbondfundsarefarfromestimatedcost

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段。最后一句提到的

Republicansareinnomoodtoallocatemore與題干同義，因此原因從前面找。修建

高鐵花費(fèi)大和耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)不是問(wèn)題，問(wèn)題是資金不夠。即便奧巴馬已經(jīng)向國(guó)會(huì)申請(qǐng)了約

35億美元用于加利福尼亞州高鐵建設(shè)，但這些費(fèi)用仍然遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠預(yù)計(jì)的支出。且

文章第一段就提到“共和黨人決定政府開(kāi)支不應(yīng)花在過(guò)時(shí)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)上“，因此

D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

9、Thehigh-speedtrainwasfinallyplannedtobeginin.

A、thebigpopulationcentres

B、theSanFranciscoBayarea

C^thesparselypopulatedcountryside

D^thevastandflatfarmlands

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞beginin及出題順序可將答案定位在第五段。由

文中itwasdecidedthatconstructionshouldbeginnotinthetwopopulationcentresbut

inthevastandflatfarmlandsoftheCentralValley可以判斷D項(xiàng)“廣闊平坦的耕地上“

為正確答案。

10、Inthelastparagraph,"awhiteelephant"probablyreferstosomething.

A、easyandexpensive

expensiveanduseless

C>difficultandexpensive

D、easyandhuge

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：含義題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至最后一段。解答此題需要結(jié)合上下

文。上文提到高鐵將穿梭于人跡稀少的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)，當(dāng)然也基本不會(huì)有人乘坐，這說(shuō)

明它沒(méi)什么用。因此somecallthisuatraintonowher?”,othersawhiteelephant,

some...others為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，可見(jiàn)awhiteelephant與atraintonowhere有相同之處，

即高鐵實(shí)際上沒(méi)什么用。下文用一個(gè)比喻秦形容aVieinamof（ransporlalion：easy

tobeginanddifficultandexpensivetostop（開(kāi)始容易結(jié)束難，且費(fèi)用昂貴）。再結(jié)合全

文可知，修建高鐵即昂貴又沒(méi)什么用，因此awhileelephant即指“昂貴而無(wú)用之

物”，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

StefanandTomas,bothintheirageof11,weighabout80poundseach.Onthe20-

minutewalktotheirmiddleschoolandtheuphillwalkhome,theycarrybackpacksthat

weighabout12poundseach,or15percentoftheirbodyweight.Whenextrabooksor

clothing,amusicalinstrumentorotherequipmentarcadded,theweighttheycarrycan

reach20pounds.Butwhateverthefigure,thosepacksaresimplytooheavyfortheirstill-

formingbonesandmuscles.Heavybackpacksdon'tjustsapchildrenofenergythatmight

bebetteruseddoingschoolworkorplayingsports.Carryingthemcanalsoleadtochronic

backpain,accidentsandpossiblylifelongorthopedicdamage.ThefederalConsumer

ProductSafetyCommission(CPSC)calculatedthatcarryinga12-poundbackpacktoand

fromschoolandliftingit10timesadayforanentireschoolyearputsacumulativeload

onyoungsters'bodiesof21,600pounds—theequivalentofsixmid-sizedcars.Theload

caniedbythesesixth-graderswasequivalenttoa176-poundmanhaulingarounda39-

poundbackpackeachday.Buteveninthisdigitalera,whenatleastsomeschoolwork

canbedoneonline,therehasbeennoapparentdecreaseintheburdensweaskthe

youngergenerationtototearoundallday.Intheneweststudy,publishedinMarchinthe

ArchivesofDiseaseinChildhood,researchersinSpainassessedthebackpacksandback

healthof1,403pupilsages12to17.Morethan60percentwerecarryingpacksweighing

more(han10percentoftheirbodyweight,andnearlyoneinfivehadschoolbagsthat

weighedmorethan15percentoftheirownweight.Notsurprisingly,oneinfourstudents

saidtheyhadsufferedbackpainformorethan15daysduringthepreviousyear;scoliosis

accountedfor70percentofthosewithpain.Theremaining30percenthadeitherlow

backpainorcontractures-continuous,involuntarymusclecontractions.Girlsfaceda

greaterriskofbackpainthanboys,andtheirriskincreasedwithage(and,presumably,

yearsofluggingaroundtheirheavypacks).Painoftenresultswhentheweightofthe

packpullschildrenbackward,promptingthemtobendforwardortoarchtheirbacksto

keepthepackcentered.Thispositioncancompressthespine,pressingthevertebraeon

thediscsbetweenthem.Ifthechildhastoleanforwardwhenwalkingwithaloaded

pack,itistooheavy.Attheveryleast,itisarecipefbrpoorpostureandchronically

roundedshoulders.

11、StefanandTomas'sexampleiscitedto.

A^illustratetheexcessivestressesthatchildrenareunderinschool

B>introducethephenomenonofchildrencarryingheavybackpacks

C>appealtoschoolsnottoassigntoomuchhomeworkafterclass

D^showpeople'ssympathytowardsthehardworkingstudents

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段。由第一段最后一句those

packsaresimplytooheavyfortheirstill-formingbonesandmuscles.可知，作者在首

段中引用Slefan和Tomas的例子是為了引出“孩子書(shū)包過(guò)重”這一話題，從而為后

文的論述做好鋪墊，故B項(xiàng)”引出孩子們的背包過(guò)重的現(xiàn)象”為正確答案。

12、IhedataprovidedbyCPSCshowthat.

A、thebackpackscarriedbychildrenaremuchtooheavyforthem

itisacceptableforstudentstocarryabackpacklighterthan12pounds

C、thebackpackscarriedbyalltheparticipatesweigh21,600pounds

D、theloadcarriedbyeachstudentforayearequalsto6mid-sizedcars

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段。該段主要介紹了美國(guó)聯(lián)邦消

費(fèi)品安全委員會(huì)(CPSC)公布的數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)其數(shù)據(jù)21,600pounds-theequivalentof

sixmid-sizedcars和equivalenttoa176-poundmanhaulingarounda39-pound

backpackeachday可總結(jié)出A項(xiàng)“孩子們肩，的背包對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)實(shí)在太重了”為正

確答案。

13、WecanlearnfromParagraphs4and5that.

A、digitaldeviceshelpalotineasingtheweightonstudents'shoulders

B、morethanhalfofallstudentscarryabackpackheavierthan12pounds

C>heavybackpackscausestudentstosuffervariouskindsofbackpain

D、girlsareprovedtobephysicallyweakerthanboysinschoolyears

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題C艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段和第五段C文章第四段首先用

《兒童疾病檔案》上刊登的數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明了學(xué)生們目前背包過(guò)重的現(xiàn)狀。接下來(lái)第五段

作者指出了這種現(xiàn)象造成的后果。故根據(jù)第五段可知C項(xiàng)“沉重的背包導(dǎo)致學(xué)生們

出現(xiàn)不同類型的背痛”符合題意，為正確答案。

14、Heavybackpackcancausebackpainbecauseof.

A、children'sinappropriatepostureofcarryingthem

B、itsforceofpullingchildrenbackward

C、thepressureitputsonthespineandtheback

D、thesideeffectwhenitcuresroundedshoulders

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段。該段首句指出，背包的重

量將孩子們的身體向后拉，而為了保持后背的中立位置，孩子們就會(huì)向前彎曲身體

或拱起背部，疼痛就是這樣產(chǎn)生的。接著第二句繼續(xù)解釋道，這樣的姿勢(shì)會(huì)對(duì)孩子

們的脊柱造成壓力，并背壓椎間盤(pán)的椎骨，故可得知，書(shū)包過(guò)重會(huì)壓迫脊柱與背

部，從而造成孩子們的背痛，C項(xiàng)“背包對(duì)脊柱和背部產(chǎn)生的壓力”符合題意，為正

確答案。

15、What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardschildren'sheavypackburden?

A、Indignant.

B、Skeptical.

C>Astounded.

D、Concerned.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：態(tài)度題。在文章笫一段，作者首先以Stefan和Tomas為例說(shuō)明了學(xué)

生們的背包過(guò)于沉重這一現(xiàn)象，接著第二至第五段引用具體研究數(shù)據(jù)，說(shuō)明孩子們

的背包過(guò)重的事實(shí)及其對(duì)孩子身體所造成的不良影響，最后一段則分析了沉重的背

包導(dǎo)致背痛及其他疾病的原因。由此可知，本文作者重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明的是兒童書(shū)包過(guò)重及

其對(duì)兒童身體的種種危害的擔(dān)憂，故D項(xiàng)“擔(dān)憂的”符合題意，為正確答案。

Artistsroutinelymockbusinesspeopleasmoney-obsessedbores.Orworse,Many

businesspeople,fortheirpart,assumethatartistsareabunchofpretentiouswasters.

Bossesmaystickafewmodernistpaintingsontheirboardroomwalls.Buttheyseldom

taketheartsseriouslyasasourceofinspiration.Thebiasstartsatbusinessschool,where

"hard"thingssuchasnumbersrule.Itisreinforcedbyeverydayexperience.Bosses

constantlyremindtheirunderlingsthatifyoucan'tcountit,itdoesn'tcount.Fewread

deeplyaboutart.SunTzu'sTheArtofWardoesnotcount.Somepopularbusinessbooks

rejoiceintheirvulgarism:considerWessRobert'sLeadershipSecretsofAttilatheHun.

Butlatelytherearewelcomesignsofathawonthebusinesssideofthegreatcultural

divide.BusinesspressesarepublishingaseriesofbookssuchasTheFineArtofSuccess,

byJamieAnderson.Mr.Andersonpointsoutthatmanyartistshavealsobeensuperb

entrepreneurs.DamienHirstwasevenmoreenterprising.Henotonlyrealisedthat

nouveau-richecollectorswouldpayextraordinarysumsfordeadcowsandjewel-

encrustedskulls.Heupturnedtheartworldbysellinghisworkdirectlythrough

Sotheby's,anauctionhouse.Whatevertheythinkofhiswork,businesspeoplecannothelp

admiringamanwhopartedart-loversfrom￡75.5milliononthedaythatLehman

Brotherscollapsed.Studyingtheartscanhelpbusinesspeoplecommunicatemore

eloquently.Mostbossesspendahugeamountoftime"messaging"yetfewaremuch

goodatit.HalfanhourwithGeorgeOrwell'sWhyIWritewouldworkwonders.

Studyingtheartscanalsohelpcompanieslearnhowtomanagebrightpeople.Rob

GofleeoftheLondonBusinessSchoolpointsoutthattoday'smostproductivecompanies

aredominatedbywhattheycall"clevers",whoarethedeviltomanage.Theyhatebeing

toldwhattodobymanagers,whomtheyregardasdullards.Theyrefusetosubmitto

performancereviews.Inshort,theyareprimadonnas.Studyingtheartworldmighteven

holdoutthebiggestprizeofall-helpingbusinessbecomemoreinnovative.Companies

arcscouringtheworldfornewideas.Intheirquestforcreativity,theysurelyhave

somethingtolearnfromthecreativeindustries.Lookathowmodernartistsadaptedto

thearrivalofphotography,atechnologythatcouldhavemadethemredundant,orhowJ.

K.Rowlingkepttryingevenwhenpublishersrejectedhernovel.

16>Artistsandbusinesspeopleroutinely.

A、despiseeachother

B、com