遼寧省阜新市育才教育集團2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試卷

阜新市育才教育集團2025年春季開學(xué)考試高二英語試卷本試卷共150分，考試時間120分鐘注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你將有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwilltheboydofirst?A.Finishhishomework.B.Gotothecinema.C.Playfootball.2.Whereisthenecklacenow?A.Inthebedroom.B.Inthekitchen.C.Inthesittingroom.3.WhatisthewomanprobablyrelatedtoHenry?A.Hiswife.B.Hiscolleague.C.Hisboss.4.Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?A.Gototherestaurant.B.Seeadentist.C.Typethedocument5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.HemissedtheTVprogram.B.Hedoesn'tliketheprogramatall.C.Heexperiencesapowerfailureeverynight.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Tocanceltheirplan.B.Toaskforinformation.C.Tomakeaninvitation.7.Whatdoesthemandecidetodothisevening?A.Buyticketsonline.B.Acpanyhisparents.C.Seeabandshow.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.What'swrongwiththewoman'sroom?A.It'salittledark.B.It'snotquiet.C.It'ssmelly.9.Whatisthewoman'sfinaldecision?A.Movingtoanotherroom.B.Checkinginanotherhotel.C.Waitingforanonsmokingroom.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.Whomdoesthewomanchoosejewelryfor?A.Herself.B.Herfriend.C.Hermother.11.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobuy?A.Aringofsize6andalongnecklace.B.Aringofsize7andashortnecklace.C.Aringofsize7andalongnecklace.12.Whatdoweknowaboutthenecklace?A.It'scheaperthanthering.B.Itspricedependsonitsquality.C.Thelongeroneismoreexpensivethantheshorterone.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13.Whencanpeopleenjoytheartexhibition?A.OnMonday.B.OnTuesday.C.OnThursday14.Howdoesthisyear'sballetperformancedifferfromthatoflastyear?A.Admissionisfree.B.Itwillbeatthetheater.C.Therewillbetwoperformances.15.Wherewillthemaskpartybeheld?A.Inthepizza.B.Intheconcerthall.C.Inthetheater.16.HowmuchisafamilyticketforTheLittlePrince?A.$8.B.$10.C.$15.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17.Whousuallyreadsthemorningannouncements?A.Mr.McKinney.B.Timmy.C.PrincipalJohnson.18.Whenisthelastdayofschool?A.May20th.B.Onemonthfromtoday.C.NextWednesday.19.Forwhatdoesthespeakerapologize?A.Theputers.B.Thehomework.C.Thelibraryhours.20.WhatwilltakeplaceonSaturdayafternoon?A.Asoftballgame.B.Abaseballgame.C.Abasketballgame.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。ATheFutureofMuseums:EducationProgrammesMuseumshavelongenjoyedafruitfulrelationshipwithprimaryandsecondaryschools,workingwiththeeducationdepartmenttodevelopengagingcontentandvitalresources.AneventcalledTheFutureofMuseums:EducationProgrammesthatwillbeheldfromMondaytoThursdaynextmonthlooksatthecurrentlandscapeforschoolprogrammes,andexploreshowmuseumsmightadapttheirprogrammesintothefuture.It’sAugustnow,andtheeventisingsoon.Theprogrammeincludesgroupdiscussions,casestudiesandpracticeledpresentationsonadiverserangeofissues.EventfeesVIPMember—￡35OrdinaryMember—￡45Nonmember—￡65Notamember?Jointodayandpayadiscountedpriceforthiseventaswellasreceivinglotsofothergreatbenefits.ImportantbookinginformationPleasesigninandchecktheemailaddressonyourprofilebeforebooking.Yourconfirmationandjoininginstructionemailswillgototheemailaddressyouusetoenterthewebsite.Ifyoucreateanewrecordwithadifferentemailaddress,yourmembershipwillnotberecognizedandyouwillbechargedtheincorrectfee.Youcancheckandchangeyouremailaddressbeforebooking.HowattendingthiseventhelpsyourprofessionaldevelopmentTheFutureofMuseums:EducationProgrammesprimarilyrelatestothedevelopingselfandothers,theabilityareasofsustaining(維持)partnerships.Itclearlyshowsdifferentareasofabilityandlevelswithinthoseareas,whichyoushouldbeaimingtoachievethroughoutyourwork.Oureventwillhelpyoutargetyourlearningandcreatefocusintheevent.Finally,youwillfindthatattendingtheeventhelpsyourprofessionaldevelopment.1.Whatistherighttimeforattendingtheevent?A.Tues.26August. B.Wed.27August.C.Thur.26September. D.Fri.27September.2.Howmuchwillacouplewhoaren’tmemberspayfortheevent?A.￡35. B.￡45. C.￡65. D.￡130.3.Whatcantheparticipantsgainfromtheevent?A.Thewayofearningmoremoney. B.Thesupportoftheircareerdevelopment.C.Thesenseofachievementintheirwork. D.Thestrategyofstartingapartnership.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一個名為“博物館未來：教育計劃”的活動。該活動將審視學(xué)校計劃的現(xiàn)狀，并探討博物館如何調(diào)整其計劃以適應(yīng)未來?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“AneventcalledTheFutureofMuseums:EducationProgrammesthatwillbeheldfromMondaytoThursdaynextmonthlooksatthecurrentlandscapeforschoolprogrammes,andexploreshowmuseumsmightadapttheirprogrammesintothefuture.It’sAugustnow,andtheeventisingsoon.(一個名為“博物館的未來：教育計劃”的活動將于下個月的周一至周四舉行，該活動將審視學(xué)校計劃的現(xiàn)狀，并探討博物館如何調(diào)整其計劃以適應(yīng)未來?，F(xiàn)在是八月，活動很快就要開始了)”可知，參加活動的合適時間為九月26，星期四，故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Eventfees部分的“VIPMember—￡35OrdinaryMember—￡45Nonmember—￡65(VIP會員——￡35普通會員——￡45非會員——￡65)”可知，不是會員的一對夫婦需要支付￡65*2=￡130。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Oureventwillhelpyoutargetyourlearningandcreatefocusintheevent.Finally,youwillfindthatattendingtheeventhelpsyourprofessionaldevelopment.(我們的活動將幫助您有針對性地學(xué)習(xí)，并在活動中建立重點。最后，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)參加活動有助于你的職業(yè)發(fā)展)”可知，參與者從活動中可以獲得事業(yè)發(fā)展的支持。故選B。BTheysaiditcouldn’tbedone.Theysaidhewascrazy.Theysaidhewouldnevermakeit.ButDuaneHansenandhisbeautifulpumpkin,whichhenamedBerta,provedthemallwrong.LikeCinderella’sfairygodmother,thisNebraskamanprovedthatyoureallycanturnapumpkinintoafunctionalvehicle—inthiscase,aseaworthyvessel(船).Yes,youreadthatright.Hansenwantedtocelebratehis60thbirthdaybyhollowingouthisprized846poundpumpkinandsailingdowntheMissouriRiverinsideit.NotonlydidHansenenjoyapumpkinsailonhisspecialday,buthis38milejourneyalsolandedhimaworldrecord!Incaseyouwondered,thepreviousworldrecordforthelongestsailinapumpkinwas25miles,setbyaNorthDakotamanin2018.Itwasn’taneasyjourney.Growingapumpkinbigenoughtouseasaboatisalreadyachallenge.Then,therewashischosenwaterway.ThecityofBellevue,Nebraska,postedaphotograghofHansenonthewaterthatoffersareminderofjusthowbigtheMissouriRiveris.“HehasalwayssaidthatyoucandoanythingyouwantandI’mjustsoproud,”Hansen’sdaughterMorganBuchholzsaid.Hansenreportedlyspentnearlyadecadetryingtogrowapumpkinbigenoughtoworkasasailingvessel.Hewasinspiredtobeginhismissionaftermeetingawomanwhohadpreviouslywon“theBiggestPumpkinpetition”.Heaskedhermanyquestionsaboutherexperience.Asforhispumpkinsailingfuture,“I’mdonewiththis.”Hansensaidthatthevoyagemadehiskneesache.Thewake(尾流)fromboatswasrough,andwhentheypassed,hesaidhehadtostopeverythingandjusthangon.“Ifsomebodybreaksthisrecord,Iwill,like,bowdowntothembecausetheyaretough,”hesaid.4.WhydidHansengoonapumpkinjourney?A.Toobservehisbirthday. B.Toshowhisprizedpumpkin.C.Tobreakaworldrecord. D.Toprovepumpkincouldbeavessel.5.WhatdidHansendotomakehisjourneypossible?A.Hechoseacalmwaterway.B.Hetalkedwiththepreviousrecordholder.C.Heconvincedhisfamilytosupporthisplan.D.Heworkedalongtimetogrowthepumpkin.6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Hiskneesgotseriouslyinjuredinthesailing.B.Hisvesselturedoverinthewakefromboats.C.Hansenwillrespectwhoeverbreakshisrecord.D.Hansenwillcontinuethepumpkinsailinginfuture.7.WhatdoesHansen’sstorytellus?A.Itisnevertoooldtolearn.B.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.C.Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.D.Fearalwaysspringsfromignorance【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章講述了漢森用南瓜作為工具完成了旅行，打破了記錄，完成別人認為不可能的事情，生動詮釋“有志者，事竟成”?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Hansenwantedtocelebratehis60thbirthdaybyhollowingouthisprized846poundpumpkinandsailingdowntheMissouriRiverinsideit.(漢森為了慶祝他的60歲生日，他掏空了他珍貴的846磅重的南瓜，然后沿著密蘇里河流而下。)”可知，漢森進行南瓜之旅是為了慶祝他的生日。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Itwasn’taneasyjourney.Growingapumpkinbigenoughtouseasaboatisalreadyachallenge.(這不是一段輕松的旅程。培育一個大到可以用作船的南瓜已經(jīng)是一個挑戰(zhàn)。)”和倒數(shù)第二段的“Hansenreportedlyspentnearlyadecadetryingtogrowapumpkinbigenoughtoworkasasailingvessel.(據(jù)報道，漢森花了近十年的時間，試圖種植一個足夠大的南瓜，以作為一艘帆船。)”可知，為了進行他的旅行，漢森花了很長時間來種植南瓜。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“‘Ifsomebodybreaksthisrecord,Iwill,like,bowdowntothembecausetheyaretough,’hesaid.(他說：“如果有人打破了這個記錄，我愿意向他們低頭，因為他們很堅強。”)”可推斷，漢森尊重打破他記錄的任何人。故選C。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Theysaiditcouldn’tbedone.Theysaidhewascrazy.Theysaidhewouldnevermakeit.(他們說這是不可能的。他們說他瘋了。他們說他不會成功的。)”，第二段“ButDuaneHansenandhisbeautifulpumpkin,whichhenamedBerta,provedthemallwrong.LikeCinderella’sfairygodmother,thisNebraskamanprovedthatyoureallycanturnapumpkinintoafunctionalvehicle—inthiscase,aseaworthyvessel(船).(但杜安·漢森和他的漂亮南瓜——他給它起名為波塔——證明了他們都錯了。就像灰姑娘的仙女教母一樣，這位內(nèi)布拉斯加州的男子證明了你真的可以把南瓜變成一種實用的交通工具——在這種情況下，一艘適航的船只。)”，第四段“Itwasn’taneasyjourney.Growingapumpkinbigenoughtouseasaboatisalreadyachallenge.(這不是一段輕松的旅程。培育一個大到可以用作船的南瓜已經(jīng)是一個挑戰(zhàn)。)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，漢森用南瓜作為工具完成了他的旅行，完成別人認為不可能的事情，因此推斷他的故事告訴我們“有志者，事竟成”。故選C。CTostudythebehaviorofmysteriousanimals,scientistsroutinelyfixthemwithGPSlocationtrackers.Butsuchdevices’batterycapacitylimitshowlongtheyoperate,oftenbringinganearlyendtovitalconservationwork.Solarpoweredtrackersbreakeasily,makingthemapoorchoicefordevicestiedtolargermammals—andtheydon’tworkfornocturnal(夜行的)creatures.SobiologistRasmusWorsoeHavmolleroftheUniversityofCopenhagenandhiscolleaguesturnedtoanotherabundantpowersource:kineticenergy(動能)generatedbyananimal’smovements.Theirkinetictracker,whichHavmoller’steamrecentlytestedondomesticdogs,awildsmallhorseandaEuropeanbison,couldtheoreticallysurvivefortheentirelifespanofanactiveanimal.Itisalsolighterandcheapertomakethanitsbatterypoweredcounterparts.“Thedesigniscleverandexciting,”saysMarkHebblewhite,ahabitatecologistattheUniversityofMontana,whowasnotinvolvedwiththenewwork.Theproofofconceptkinetictrackerworksbymeansofamagneticpendulum(磁擺)thatswingsaroundacoppercoil,generatingelectricityasthetaggedanimalmoves.Thedogsandbisoninthestudywereactiveenoughtocreatetheenergytotransmitonelocationperdayfor14daysand17days,respectively.Oneofthewildhorse’strackerslastedatleast146daysbutdidn’tgenerateadequatepowerfordailytransmissions,theresearchersreportedinPLoSONE.“Thelimitedpowergeneratedbytheanimals’movementsmeansthetechnologyisn’treadyforprimetimejustyet,”saysecologistEmilyStuddofBritishColumbia’sThompsonRiversUniversity,whowasn’tinvolvedinthestudy.Whentheresearcherswanttomonitoranimalsclosely,theyoftenneedGPSfixesmorethanonceaday.ButStuddsaysthat“withabitmoredevelopment,thiscouldbeagamechangerforwildlifeanimalresearchandmonitoring”.Havmollerandhiscolleagueshopeconservationworkerscanonedayusethistechnologytotrackspeciessuchastigers,leopardsandwolves,whichcaneasilydestroysolarpoweredtrackersandwhichhuntandtravelatnight.8.WhatisthemainproblemwithcurrentGPSlocationtrackersusedinconservationwork?A.Theirbatteriesareharmfultoanimals. B.Theirbatterylifeislimited.C.Theysendweaksignals. D.Theybreakeasily.9.Whatisthemainlimitationofthekinetictrackertechnology?A.Itisexpensivetomake.B.Itisn’tsuitableforlargermammals.C.Itdoesn’tworkfornocturnalcreatures.D.Itcan’tproduceenoughpowerfordailytransmissions.10.WhatdoesEmilyStuddthinkofthekinetictrackertechnology?A.Itneedsimprovement. B.Itcanbewidelyusednow.C.Ithasreacheditsprimetime. D.Itisn’tgoodformonitoringwildlife.11.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?ATheImportanceofWildlifeTrackersB.TheMeaningofMonitoringDifferentWildAnimalsC.ToughNewWildlifeTrackerRunsonAnimalPowerD.ConservationWorkersUseNewMethodstoProtectAnimals【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹的是為解決研究神秘動物所需要的GPS定位器存在的電量不足的問題，哥本哈根大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家RasmusWorsoeHavmoller和他的同事們所開發(fā)的一種利用動物運動產(chǎn)生動能的技術(shù)?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butsuchdevices’batterycapacitylimitshowlongtheyoperate,oftenbringinganearlyendtovitalconservationwork.(但這類設(shè)備的電池容量限制了它們的運行時間，往往會導(dǎo)致至關(guān)重要的保護工作提前結(jié)束。)”可知，GPS定位器的電池容量限制了它們運行的時間，導(dǎo)致關(guān)鍵的保護工作提前結(jié)束，由此可知，目前用于保護工作的GPS定位器的主要問題是它們的電池壽命有限。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Oneofthewildhorse’strackerslastedatleast146daysbutdidn’tgenerateadequatepowerfordailytransmissions,theresearchersreportedinPLoSONE.(研究人員在PLOSOne上報告說，其中一匹野馬的追蹤器持續(xù)了至少146天，但沒有產(chǎn)生足夠的能量來進行日常傳輸。)”可知，動能追蹤器沒有產(chǎn)生足夠的能量來進行日常傳輸，所以，其局限性在于它沒有足夠的能量來進行日常傳輸。故選D項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的““Thelimitedpowergeneratedbytheanimals’movementsmeansthetechnologyisn’treadyforprimetimejustyet,”saysecologistEmilyStuddofBritishColumbia’sThompsonRiversUniversity,whowasn’tinvolvedinthestudy.(“動物運動產(chǎn)生的能量有限，這意味著這項技術(shù)還沒有準(zhǔn)備好進入時期，”不列顛哥倫比亞省湯普森河大學(xué)的生態(tài)學(xué)家艾米麗·斯塔德說，她沒有參與這項研究。)”可知，動物運動產(chǎn)生的能量有限，意為著這項技術(shù)仍需改進，結(jié)合下文中的“ButStuddsaysthat“withabitmoredevelopment,thiscouldbeagamechangerforwildlifeanimalresearchandmonitoring”.(但是Studd說，“隨著更多的發(fā)展，這可能會改變野生動物研究和監(jiān)測的游戲規(guī)則”。)”可知，Studd認為在這項技術(shù)得到改進后有助于野生動物的研究和監(jiān)測，由此可知，Studd認為該項技術(shù)仍需改進。故選A項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中的“Tostudythebehaviorofmysteriousanimals,scientistsroutinelyfixthemwithGPSlocationtrackers.Butsuchdevices’batterycapacitylimitshowlongtheyoperate,oftenbringinganearlyendtovitalconservationwork.()”可知，為研究神秘動物的行為，科學(xué)家們使用的GPS定位器由于電池容量有限導(dǎo)致關(guān)鍵工作提前結(jié)束，結(jié)合第二段中的“SobiologistRasmusWorsoeHavmolleroftheUniversityofCopenhagenandhiscolleaguesturnedtoanotherabundantpowersource:kineticenergy(動能)generatedbyananimal’smovements.(因此，哥本哈根大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家RasmusWorsoeHavmoller和他的同事們轉(zhuǎn)向了另一種豐富的能量來源：動物運動產(chǎn)生的動能。)”可知，為解決GPS定位器的電池問題，哥本哈根大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家RasmusWorsoeHavmoller和他的同事們利用動物運動產(chǎn)生的動能來解決能量來源問題，結(jié)合下文中介紹的該項技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢和現(xiàn)在存在的問題可知，本文主要介紹的是為解決研究神秘動物所需要的GPS定位器存在的電量不足的問題，哥本哈根大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家RasmusWorsoeHavmoller和他的同事們所開發(fā)的一種利用動物運動產(chǎn)生的動能的技術(shù)，所以標(biāo)題“強悍的新型野生動物追蹤器依靠動物動力運行”概括了本文的主題，適合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項。DWhenyouheartheword“uncertainty”,howdoyoufeel?Scared,anxious,excitedorchallenged?Withmanyglobalchallengesstillongoing,wearelikelytofaceevenmoreoftheunknown,sowehadbettergetaccustomedtomanagingit.Sohowdowedetectuncertaintyandwhichpartofthebrainisresponsibleforit?Researchershavefoundthatnoradrenaline(去甲腎上腺素)isthekeychemicalinvolvedinourresponsetouncertainty.Toinvestigatetherolenoradrenalineplayswhenwearefacedwithuncertainevents,scientistsatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyconductedanexperimentwithmice.Theanimalsweretrainedtopushalever(杠桿)downwhentheyheardahighfrequencynoise.Iftheydidthis,theywererewardedwithadrinkofwater.Theywerealsotrainedtolearnthatthey’dreceiveanunpleasantpuffofairiftheleverwasactivatedwhenalowfrequencynoisewasplayed.Buttheresearchersaddedinanelementofuncertaintybyincludingasoundwherethefrequencywasunclear.Fromthisexperiment,theresearchersdiscoveredthatasmallpartinthebraincalledthelocuscoeruleus—anareathatmodulatesnoradrenaline—wasessentialindetectinguncertainty.Whenthehighfrequencywasclearandtherewardwasexpectedforthemice,theirnoradrenalinereleasewassmall.Butwhentheoutewasn’tclear,andtherewardwasasurprise,thereleasewasmuchlarger.Thiswashowthemice’sbrainslearnedtodealwithuncertainty.Astudywithhumanswasalsocarriedout.Theydiscoveredthatthesubjects’neurons(神經(jīng)元)intheprefrontalcortex(前額葉皮質(zhì))respondmuchmoretolossthantogain.Namely,thisarearulesouravoidancebehaviourwhenweareunderstress.Thishelpsusunderstandourunwillingnesstoexposeourselvestouncertainty.Onceweunderstandthatourcognitiveandemotionalresponsestouncertaintyareanecessarypartofthehumanexperience.Acknowledgeinsteadoffearthem,perhapsmakingbigdecisionscanseemlessstressful.12.Whatistheuncertaintyintheexperimentwithmice?A.Thehighfrequencynoise. B.Adrinkofwaterasareward.C.Theactiontopushaleverdown. D.Thenoisewithunclearfrequency.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“modulates”inparagraph4mean?A.Removes. B.Adjusts. C.Lessens. D.Boosts.14.Howdoestheprefrontalcortexinfluenceourchoiceswhenwe’restressed?A.Byseekingrewardingoute. B.Bymaintainingbalance.C.Byavoidingnegativeoute. D.Byreducinguncertainty.15Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthetext?A.Responsestouncertaintyenaturally.B.Uncertaintygivesbirthtopotentialrisks.C.Experimentscanpredictexpectedoutes.D.Noradrenalinetendstoresultfromuncertainty.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人面臨不確定時會變得緊張焦慮的生理過程和有關(guān)檢測不確定性的研究?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Buttheresearchersaddedinanelementofuncertaintybyincludingasoundwherethefrequencywasunclear.(但研究人員通過在頻率不清楚的地方加入聲音，增加了不確定性。)”可知，老鼠實驗中的不確定性是頻率不明確的聲音。故選D?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“Whenthehighfrequencywasclearandtherewardwasexpectedforthemice,theirnoradrenalinereleasewassmall.Butwhentheoutewasn’tclear,andtherewardwasasurprise,thereleasewasmuchlarger.Thiswashowthemice’sbrainslearnedtodealwithuncertainty.(當(dāng)高頻信號清晰時，老鼠的去甲腎上腺素釋放量很小。但當(dāng)結(jié)果不明確，獎勵是一個驚喜時，釋放量要大得多。這就是老鼠大腦學(xué)會處理不確定性的方式。)”可知，高頻噪音出現(xiàn)，小鼠預(yù)期會得到獎勵時，它們釋放很少去甲腎上腺素。但當(dāng)結(jié)果不明確，獎勵是一個驚喜時，它們釋放大量去甲腎上腺素。所以locuscoeruleus在不斷調(diào)節(jié)去甲腎上腺素。故劃線詞與B選項“Adjusts(調(diào)節(jié))”為同義詞。故選B。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Theydiscoveredthatthesubjects’neurons(神經(jīng)元)intheprefrontalcortex(前額葉皮質(zhì))respondmuchmoretolossthantogain.Namely,thisarearulesouravoidancebehaviourwhenweareunderstress.Thishelpsusunderstandourunwillingnesstoexposeourselvestouncertainty.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，受試者前額葉皮層的神經(jīng)元對損失的反應(yīng)要比對獲得的反應(yīng)強烈得多。也就是說，當(dāng)我們處于壓力之下時，這個區(qū)域控制著我們的逃避行為。這有助于我們理解我們不愿意將自己暴露在不確定性中。)”可知，前額皮質(zhì)中的神經(jīng)元對失敗的反應(yīng)遠遠大于對回報的反應(yīng)，這個區(qū)域支配著人在壓力下的回避行為，即當(dāng)我們感到壓力時，前額皮質(zhì)會通過避免負面結(jié)果影響我們的選擇。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Onceweunderstandthatourcognitiveandemotionalresponsestouncertaintyareanecessarypartofthehumanexperience.Acknowledgeinsteadoffearthem,perhapsmakingbigdecisionscanseemlessstressful.(一旦我們明白我們對不確定性的認知和情感反應(yīng)是人類經(jīng)歷的必要組成部分。承認它們而不是害怕它們，也許做出重大決定會顯得不那么有壓力。)”可知，文章告訴我們：當(dāng)面對不確定時，人的一系列反應(yīng)都是身體自然的反應(yīng)過程。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Howtostopprocrastinating(拖延)andmakeastartProcrastinatingisasmuchaboutfearasitisaboutmotivation.Perhapsyouhaveavoidedpayingbill,outliningaproposaloraskingsomeoneout.____16____Fortunately,herearefourtipstogetyoumovingagain.Littlestepsforbigtasks.Mostprocrastinatorstellthemselves,“I’llwaituntilI’minthemood.”Let’sfaceit;you’renevergoingtofeellikebalancingyourchequebookorcleaningupthemessonyourdesk.Theseareboring,unpleasanttasks.____17____Onewaytodothisistobreakyourjobintostepsthatcanbeacplishedbitbybit.____18____Thosewhoprocrastinateoftenassumethatsuccessfulpeopleachievetheirgoalswithoutfrustration,selfdoubtandfailure.Thisisunrealistic.Highlyproductivepeopleknowthatlifeisfrustrating.Theyassumethey’llencounterobstacles;whentheydo,theypersevereuntiltheyoverethem.Tuneoutnegativethoughts.Whenyou’reavoidingatask,itmaybebecauseyou’refeedingyourselfunrealistic,negativemessages.____19____Onceyouchangeyournegativethoughts,energyreturns.Giveyourselfcredit.____20____Butifyouneverallowyourselftofeelsatisfiedwithyourefforts,you’llsoonfinditpointlesstotry.So,nomatterhowsmalltheachievementis,giveyourselfcredit.Thenyoucantackleyourtoughesttask.However,ifyouaresurethattherearegoodreasonswhyyouavoiddoingsomething,youmayneedtoreevaluateyourgoals.A.Nevergiveup.B.Expectdifficulties.C.Sometimesyousimplyhavetogetyourselfgoing.D.Weusuallythinkofrewardsasingfromtheoutside,E.Bywritingthemdown,youhaveachanceofriddingthem.F.Beherenow,anddon’tworryaboutthingsyouhavetodointhefuture.G.Whateverthething,puttingitoffoftenbeesabiggerproblemthanactuallydoingit.【答案】16.G17.C18.B19.E20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹如何停止拖延癥并開始采取行動。【16題詳解】首段為總起段，功能為引入話題。由空前一句話“Procrastinatingisasmuchaboutfearasitisaboutmotivation.Perhapsyouhaveavoidedpayingbill,outliningaproposaloraskingsomeoneout.(拖延與動機有關(guān)，也與恐懼有關(guān)。也許你們避免了付賬單，也避免了提出建議或約人出去。)”可知，這里列舉了有拖延癥的人可能會出現(xiàn)的行為，而G項Whateverthething,puttingitoffoftenbeesabiggerproblemthanactuallydoingit.(不管是什么事情，拖延往往會比實際做更大的問題。)符合語境，其puttingitoff與上文Procrastinating對應(yīng)，且引出下文的解決方案，有承上啟下作用。故選G項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Littlestepsforbigtasks(大事化小)”可知，本段的內(nèi)容圍繞把一個整體任務(wù)拆分為若干步驟來完成展開，由空前“Mostprocrastinatorstellthemselves,‘I’llwaituntilI’minthemood.’Let’sfaceit;you’renevergoingtofeellikebalancingyourchequebookorcleaningupthemessonyourdesk.Theseareboring,unpleasanttasks.(大多數(shù)拖延者告訴自己，“我會等到我有心情的時候。”讓我們面對現(xiàn)實吧；你永遠不會想平衡你的支票簿或收拾你桌子上的爛攤子。這些都是枯燥乏味的任務(wù)。)”可知，這里通過舉例子的方式來告訴讀者，“等有心情的時候再做”是不會實現(xiàn)的，因為這些都是很無聊的、不令人愉悅的任務(wù)，而C項Sometimesyousimplyhavetogetyourselfgoing.(有時你只需要讓自己做起來。)符合語境，有承上作用，且其中g(shù)etyourselfgoing與后文this對應(yīng)，也有啟下作用。故選C項?！?8題詳解】空格處為段落小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容“Thosewhoprocrastinateoftenassumethatsuccessfulpeopleachievetheirgoalswithoutfrustration,selfdoubtandfailure.Thisisunrealistic.Highlyproductivepeopleknowthatlifeisfrustrating.Theyassumethey’llencounterobstacles;whentheydo,theypersevereuntiltheyoverethem.(那些拖延的人往往認為成功的人在沒有挫折、自我懷疑和失敗的情況下實現(xiàn)了他們的目標(biāo)。這是不現(xiàn)實的。高效的人知道生活是令人沮喪的。他們認為自己會遇到障礙；當(dāng)他們做到這一點時，他們會堅持不懈，直到克服它們。)”可知，本段主要講有拖延癥的人通常認為那些成功的人在達到目標(biāo)的過程中是沒有挫折、自我懷疑和失敗的。而文章進一步告訴讀者這是不現(xiàn)實的。所以B項Expectdifficulties.(期待困難)符合語境，對本段有總括作用。故選B項。【19題詳解】根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Tuneoutnegativethoughts(排除消極的想法)”可知，本段的內(nèi)容圍繞避免負面思想對完成任務(wù)的干擾展開，第一句話“Whenyou’reavoidingatask,itmaybebecauseyou’refeedingyourselfunrealistic,negativemessages.(當(dāng)你逃避一項任務(wù)時，可能是因為你在給自己灌輸不切實際的負面信息。)”可知，這里分析了不切實際的負面信息可能是你拖延的原因，因此推知本空應(yīng)該解決這一問題的辦法，而E項Bywritingthemdown,youhaveachanceofriddingthem.(把它們寫下來，你就有機會擺脫它們。)符合語境，為處理負面思想的辦法。故選E項。【20題詳解】根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Giveyourselfcredit(表揚自己)”可知，本段的內(nèi)容圍繞進行自我肯定展開。本空為段首句，空后有轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”，故需要根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容進行反推。由空后句子“Butifyouneverallowyourselftofeelsatisfiedwithyourefforts,you’llsoonfinditpointlesstotry.So,nomatterhowsmalltheachievementis,giveyourselfcredit.Thenyoucantackleyourtoughesttask(但是，如果你從不讓自己對自己的努力感到滿意，你很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn)嘗試毫無意義。所以，無論成就有多小，都要相信自己。然后你就可以完成最艱巨的任務(wù))”可知，來自內(nèi)在的肯定是對自己最大的獎勵，所以D項Weusuallythinkofrewardsasingfromtheoutside(我們通常認為獎勵來自外部)符合語境，與后文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Whiletakinga20hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinnorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful____21____withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman____22____meonthetrain.My____23____friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe____24____topracticemyChinese.Overseveralhours,hewouldtellmeabouthowhehad____25____atwoyearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob____26____highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsthemost____27____,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeye,hewould____28____atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican____29____asawhole.”AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I____30____himaskingatonepoint.Itwouldhavebeeneasyto____31____myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,____32____,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he____33____mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom____34____withanopenmind,andawillingnessto____35____withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.21.A.experiment B.encounter C.petition D.appointment22.A.treated B.saved C.lectured D.approached23.A.true B.socalled C.new D.longlost24.A.chance B.advice C.trouble D.right25A.visited B.financed C.attended D.founded26.A.building B.sweeping C.checking D.guarding27.A.typical B.obvious C.natural D.remarkable28.A.publish B.quote C.сорy D.download29.A.writers B.historians C.workers D.students30.A.anticipate B.imagine C.recall D.catch31.A.lookinto B.relyon C.goover D.dealwith32.A.wellbehaved B.multiskilled C.warmhearted D.selfeducated33.A.asked B.warned C.showed D.promised34.A.traveling B.reading C.searching D.teaching35.A.cooperate B.side C.negotiate D.engage【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.A25.C26.A27.D28.B29.A30.C31.B32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一次在火車上偶遇了一個年輕的中國男子，在交談中發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人見多識廣、自學(xué)成才，是一個令人欽佩的人?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我在中國西北部的塔克拉瑪干沙漠邊緣坐了20個小時的火車時，其間我與一個當(dāng)?shù)厝擞辛艘环N謙卑、有教育意義的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，這是所有旅行者都渴望的。A.experiment實驗；B.encounter邂逅；C.petition比賽；D.appointment任命。根據(jù)后文“withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor”指作者和當(dāng)?shù)厝擞辛艘淮蚊烂畹腻忮?。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一位年輕的中國男子在火車上向我走來。A.treated對待；B.saved拯救；C.lectured演講；D.approached靠近。根據(jù)后文“meonthetrain”以及后文兩人交談，可知一位年輕的中國男子在火車上向作者走來。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的新朋友幾乎不會說英語，所以我很高興地抓住這個機會練習(xí)我的中文。A.true真的；B.socalled所謂的；C.new新的；D.longlost很久不見的。根據(jù)上文“AyoungChineseman”可知，兩人是在火車上認識的，所以是新朋友。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的新朋友幾乎不會說英語，所以我很高興地抓住這個機會練習(xí)我的中文。A.chance機會；B.advice建議；C.trouble麻煩；D.right權(quán)利。根據(jù)后文“topracticemyChinese”可知，作者抓住這個機會練習(xí)中文。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾個小時里，他會告訴我他是如何參加了一個為期兩年的專業(yè)學(xué)校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以幫助支持他的家庭。A.visited拜訪；B.financed提供資金；C.attended參加，上(學(xué))；D.founded成立。根據(jù)后文“atwoyearprofessionalschool”可知，指這個年輕