高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課件(動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài))

1、高考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí),動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),中學(xué)英語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)：,教學(xué)大綱要求的常用的8種時(shí)態(tài)：,三、 時(shí)態(tài)特殊句式,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),二、易混時(shí)態(tài)辨析,一、熱點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài),綜合練習(xí),1、現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài) 高考題點(diǎn)擊： Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called 2. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had t

2、ime to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play,B,D,說(shuō)明：本題的干擾源為上下文的過(guò)去時(shí)，但“被稱為太平洋”是客觀現(xiàn)狀，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。,說(shuō)明：常識(shí)告訴我們，一個(gè)人一旦獲得某種技能，一般是不會(huì)在短期內(nèi)失去的，所以需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。,3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B.

3、will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change,說(shuō)明：自從我贏了大獎(jiǎng)，人們不停地打電話來(lái)問(wèn)我將怎樣使用這筆錢(qián)。此處的 are phoning 表示“不停的打電話”。,說(shuō)明：選擇移動(dòng)電話難的原因是由于科技正在飛速發(fā)展，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；況且進(jìn)行

4、時(shí)態(tài)常給人一種情感上的描述，表示說(shuō)話者的一種“感慨、贊賞、憤怒、斥責(zé)”等。,D,A,5. _ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning 6. - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. How I wish to go there! A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I havent C. No, I have D. No, I have

5、nt,說(shuō)明：此題的干擾源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次電話是用來(lái)表示結(jié)果的，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；而每次她都占線是表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。,說(shuō)明：從補(bǔ)充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我”沒(méi)到過(guò)北京。,C,D,7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 8. Now that she is out of a job,

6、 Lucy_ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A had considered B has been considering C considered D is going to consider,說(shuō)明：這句話的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“一直在做”。,C,B,說(shuō)明：她“一直在考慮返?！笔乾F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，“還沒(méi)作決定”是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分

7、，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比較 Its time that 結(jié)構(gòu)： It is high time that we went to school. 2）This is the that結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí). This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。 This is the first time (that) Ive

8、 heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌。,典型例題 (1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)

9、詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。 （錯(cuò)）I have received his letter for a month. （對(duì)）I havent received his letter for almost a month.,B,D,2、過(guò)去時(shí) 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 2. My uncle _ until he was forty-five. A. marri

10、ed B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry,說(shuō)明：Nancy 答應(yīng)要來(lái)這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在過(guò)去，是過(guò)去作出的承諾。,說(shuō)明：until 用在肯定句中時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示該動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到 until 后的時(shí)間為止；短暫性動(dòng)詞只能用在否定句中，表示直到此時(shí)該動(dòng)作才開(kāi)始。本題中 marry 是短暫性動(dòng)詞，所以只能用在否定句中。,B,B,3. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? - Im sorry I _ anything ab

11、out it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say,說(shuō)明：本題的干擾源來(lái)自上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)，上文用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，下文用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以有些人就誤以為此處該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)了。但根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的意思不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒(méi)有說(shuō)出自己的評(píng)價(jià)是在這段對(duì)話以前的事了，所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。,D,4. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read was falling B. was reading fell C.

12、was reading was falling D. read fell 5. The manager had fallen asleep where he _, without undressing. A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied,說(shuō)明：一般來(lái)說(shuō)在復(fù)合句中的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作大都用進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性的動(dòng)詞用一般時(shí)，表示在某個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的過(guò)程當(dāng)中另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。,說(shuō)明：該題的意思為“經(jīng)理躺在那兒睡著了，衣服也沒(méi)脫”?！疤伞笔且粋€(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為“l(fā)ay; lain”。lay 是及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為

13、laid；lied 是“說(shuō)謊”的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。,B,B,6. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. A. had cried, lost B. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lost D. cries, has lost 7. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought t

14、hey _ without me. Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone,說(shuō)明：哭得傷心發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而丟玩具熊發(fā)生在哭之前。兩個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，之前發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，之后發(fā)生的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。,說(shuō)明：“他沒(méi)叫我就走了”這個(gè)動(dòng)作明顯發(fā)生在“我認(rèn)為”之前。所以必須用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。,B,D,3、將來(lái)時(shí) 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. If a man _ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should 2. - Youve left the light on

15、. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going,說(shuō)明：此句的意思為“如果一個(gè)人想要成功，就必須盡力而為”。If 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，不能用將來(lái)時(shí)。而 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)雖然表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，但它不屬于將來(lái)時(shí)。,說(shuō)明：本句的重點(diǎn)是“并行結(jié)構(gòu)”，關(guān)鍵是看后面的 turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。,B,A,3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. lea

16、ves C. will have left D. left 4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left,說(shuō)明：that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作“離職”應(yīng)該發(fā)生在“were surprised” 之后，故需用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。,C,B,說(shuō)明：by the time 表示“到為止”“在之前”，如果主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，一般需要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果是將來(lái)，就需用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。,4、狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. -

17、Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got 2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive,說(shuō)明：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有將來(lái)時(shí)，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)。,說(shuō)明：條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不用將來(lái)時(shí)，但

18、be to 結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式。,A,B,3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate 4. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. A. will not be, will know B. is, will know C. will not

19、be, know D. is, know,說(shuō)明：by the time 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故不能使用將來(lái)時(shí)。D選項(xiàng)雖可考慮，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)大多用來(lái)表示“義務(wù)、決定、職責(zé)、約定”等，與句意不合。,說(shuō)明：before 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)將來(lái)時(shí)，而主句應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)。,C,C,5、幾種時(shí)態(tài)的替代問(wèn)題 A：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí) ： 除了在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)外，表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來(lái)事項(xiàng)，行程等活動(dòng)也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。如： The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物館明天10點(diǎn)開(kāi)門(mén)。(實(shí)際上每天如此。) B：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替

20、完成時(shí)： 句型 “It is since”代替“It has been since ” It is (= has been) five years since we last met C：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替進(jìn)行時(shí)： 在全部倒裝句中都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： Look, here comes Mr. Li.,1.The year 2002 _ remarkable changes in Shanghais landscape. (see),saw,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),呀，不知道你在這兒！以為你在美國(guó)！,Oh, I didnt know you were here. I thought you were

21、 in America.,熱點(diǎn)一：一般過(guò)去時(shí),2.- Have you decided already? - Yes, I_ at once. A. have decided B. decided C. will decide D. had decided,1. I _ you not to move my dictionary -now I cannot find it. （2004全國(guó)II） A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked,Key word,context,B,- Yes, I_ already.,A,1.-The window is

22、dirty. -I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clear C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 2. - Would you like to go to the cinema with me tomorrow afternoon? - Id like to, Mum, but I _ to a party by Jane. Its her birthday. A. am invited B. was invited C. will be invited D. have been inv

23、ited,熱點(diǎn)二：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),The news is no surprise to me, I _ for some time that the factory is going to shut down. (03北京) A. had known B. know C. have known D. knew,過(guò)去完成時(shí)不能孤立使用， 它必須以過(guò)去某一時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，因此只有在和過(guò)去某時(shí)或動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它。,熱點(diǎn)3：過(guò)去完成時(shí),2. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a

24、 Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. (02 北京春) A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen;,3. 我原打算來(lái)的，但太忙了。（mean）,I had meant to come, but I was too busy.,had meant/planned/intended to do,表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算、想法等。,熱點(diǎn)4：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),1.

25、The last time I saw Jane she _ cotton in the fields. (pick),was picking,2. -Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某個(gè)時(shí)間段所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài).,3. -What were you doing when Tony phoned you? - I had just finished

26、 my work and_ to take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái).,1. He _ a book about China last year, but I dont know if he _ it. A. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish,2. As she _ the newspaper, G

27、ranny _ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell,1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行而尚未完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).,結(jié)論:長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行時(shí),被一個(gè)短動(dòng)作打斷,長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作用進(jìn)行體,短動(dòng)作用一般體.,易混時(shí)態(tài)辨析,2. - Where _you _ (put) the book? I cant see it anywhere. - I _(put) it right here. But now its gone. A. did ; put;

28、put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put,1. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened,2一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),易混時(shí)態(tài)辨析,3. When I was at college I _ three foreign languages but I _ all except a few wor

29、ds of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten,結(jié)論:一般過(guò)去時(shí)所表示的事情純屬過(guò)去,與現(xiàn)在情況沒(méi)聯(lián)系.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的事情與現(xiàn)在情況有聯(lián)系,是過(guò)去事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響.,Mike was walking in the street when he met Tom. M: - It _ 2 months since I last saw you.(be) T: - I have just

30、returned from abroad. M: - Is it the first time you _ abroad?(be) T: - Yes. And hardly _ I _ there when I was struck by its beauty. (arrive) M: - How do you find your trip? T:- Very good. To tell the truth, its the most unforgettable trip I _. (ever have) M: Im glad to hear that. By the way, I am le

31、aving for a meeting now. It _ (be) 20 minutes before it_. (start),is/has been,have been,have ever had,時(shí)態(tài)的特殊句式,had arrived,will be,starts,Mike was walking in the street when he met Tom. M: - It is/has been 2 months since I last saw you. T: - I have just returned from abroad. M: - Is it the first time

32、 you have been abroad? T: - Yes. And hardly had I arrived there when I was struck by its beauty. M: - How do you find your trip? T:- Very good. To tell the truth, its the most unforgettable trip I have ever had. M: Im glad to hear that. By the way, I am leaving for a meeting now. It will be 20 minut

33、es before it starts.,時(shí)態(tài)的特殊句式,被 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài),高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay,說(shuō)明：集郵冊(cè)只能被完成，且在 before 從句中沒(méi)有將來(lái)時(shí)，故只能選D。,說(shuō)明：該句的意思為“在大城市中清潔女工的工資通常是按小時(shí)支付的?！焙苊黠@該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,D,C,3. Books of this kind _ well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. wi