第十二章_非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.ppt

1、第十二章 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞，這三種形式合稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。他們都具有原來(lái)動(dòng)詞的某些特征，如可帶賓語(yǔ)；有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化；用not否定；用狀語(yǔ)修飾等。但他們都不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，因而又稱動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式?，F(xiàn)對(duì)不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞分別作說(shuō)明。,一、不定式,1、不定式的形式 不定式由to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成(在某些情況下可以省略to)。以動(dòng)詞write為例，不定式可以有以下幾種形式：,1)不定式的時(shí)態(tài) 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)取決于不定式與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序：同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作后發(fā)生，使用不定式的現(xiàn)在式：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用進(jìn)行式；不定式的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

2、詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)用完成式。 Young people nowadays love to hear pop songs. 如今的年輕人喜歡聽(tīng)流行歌曲。 I didnt expect you to be waiting for me here 我沒(méi)想到你在這里等我。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble 對(duì)不起，給你添了這么多麻煩。,2)不定式的被動(dòng)式 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，該不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。各種形式的動(dòng)詞不定式均不能在句中獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，就不可能有自己語(yǔ)法上的主語(yǔ)。在通常情況下，我們可以推斷某個(gè)詞實(shí)際上與不定式有邏輯

3、上的主謂關(guān)系，這個(gè)詞為邏輯主語(yǔ)。,I didnt expect to be invited. 我并沒(méi)指望受到邀請(qǐng)。 She ought to be told about it. 這件事該告訴她。 Nothing seems to have been forgotten. 好像沒(méi)什么被遺忘掉。 The book is said to have been translated into many languages 該書(shū)據(jù)說(shuō)已譯成多種語(yǔ)言。,對(duì)比,He ordered the guns to be fired. He ordered the soldiers to fire their guns.

4、 他命令（士兵）開(kāi)火。 Do you have any clothes to be washed? （讓說(shuō)話人或其他人洗） Do you have any clothes to wash? （句中主語(yǔ)自己洗）,當(dāng)名詞或代詞作不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，構(gòu)成了邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，常用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)的意義。 I still have some exercises to do. 我還有練習(xí)要做。 Give him some books to read 給他幾本書(shū)看。,注意事項(xiàng),（1）在there be句型中，主語(yǔ)可用動(dòng)詞不定式修飾。如果句中主語(yǔ)為不定式動(dòng)作的接受者，常?？捎貌欢ㄊ降闹鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

5、態(tài)。用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的重點(diǎn)在于做動(dòng)作的人，而用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的重點(diǎn)在于動(dòng)作本身，兩者在含義上沒(méi)有本質(zhì)的差別。 eg. There are still many important things to take care of ( to be taken care of). 仍有一些重要的事情要做。,（2）但是，如果是把to do 或to be done用在something， anything或nothing之后，則含義有很大區(qū)別。 There is nothing to do. 無(wú)事可干。 There is nothing to be done. 沒(méi)有辦法了。,（3）若所用不定式為“動(dòng)詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短

6、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，介詞不能省略。 eg. You are pleasant to talk with. （4）take作“花費(fèi)”， “需要”解時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式總是用主動(dòng)的形式。 eg. The book took me two years to write.,3)不定式的否定式 不定式的否定式是由not或never加不定式構(gòu)成。 He decided not to go with us 他決定不和我們同去。 I wished never to see him again. 我希望永遠(yuǎn)不再見(jiàn)到他。,2、不定式的基本用法,1)作主語(yǔ) 不定式可在句中作主語(yǔ)，但在多數(shù)情況下為避免句子出現(xiàn)頭重腳輕的不合理結(jié)構(gòu)

7、，常用it作不定式的形式主語(yǔ)，而將作真正主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。 To err is human；to forgive is divine。 犯錯(cuò)誤是人之常情，寬恕才是難能可貴的。 It is necessary to master a foreign language 掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)是很有必要的。,Its a great pleasure as well as a great honor to be present at the meeting. 出席這次會(huì)議真令人高興，也很榮幸。 It takes me about two hours to go to school by bus. 我坐公交車

8、上學(xué)需要約兩個(gè)小時(shí)。,注意： 介詞for，of 短語(yǔ)作不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。 Its not easy for me to learn cooking. 對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)做飯并不是一件容易的事。 Its very kind of you to give me so much help. 非常感謝你給了我這么多幫助。,2)作賓語(yǔ) He refused to co-operate. 他拒絕合作。 I cant afford to buy a car. 我買(mǎi)不起小汽車。 They found it difficult to give the classroom a thorough cleaning in t

9、ime. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難及時(shí)把教室打掃干凈。 He thought it a pity not to have invited her. 他很遺憾沒(méi)有邀請(qǐng)她。(本句中it為形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)是真正的賓語(yǔ)。),常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：afford, agree, ask, begin, consider, claim, consent, decide, demand, expect, fail, forget, like, hate, hesitate, hope, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promis

10、e, regret, remember, want, etc.,注意：有些及物動(dòng)詞如show, teach，decide， forget 等可帶連接代詞或連接副詞+不定式的形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)： Can you tell me how to get to the train station? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)去火車站怎么走? I dont know whether to answer his e-mail. 我不知道要不要回他的電子郵件。 Ask him where to park the car 問(wèn)他哪里可停車。 I wonder who to invite. 我想知道會(huì)邀請(qǐng)誰(shuí)。,常用的可用“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式

11、”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：inquire, discover, forget, decide, know, learn, remember, see, settle, think, wonder 若用作賓語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，而其后又有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常在賓語(yǔ)的位置上用一個(gè)it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把作賓語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后移。 eg. I found it difficult to understand him. We do not think it proper for you to say such a thing.,3)作表語(yǔ) To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 （主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)同為不定式

12、，主語(yǔ)表示條件，表語(yǔ)表示結(jié)果。） His wish was to become an artist. 他的愿望是成為一名藝術(shù)家。 （不定式作表語(yǔ)常表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或表示未來(lái)的可能性或假設(shè)。）,4)作定語(yǔ) I have nothing to say. 我無(wú)話可說(shuō)。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave他總是第一個(gè)到，最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)。 若不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后須加結(jié)構(gòu)和意義上所需的介詞。 Would you please give me some paper to write on? 請(qǐng)你給我一些紙寫(xiě)字，好嗎? He is l

13、ooking for a place to live in。 (=a place in which to live) 他在找住處。,5)作同位語(yǔ) We didnt receive the order to start the attack 我們沒(méi)有收到發(fā)起進(jìn)攻的命令。 He followed the doctors instruction to examine the broken leg 他按照醫(yī)生的指示檢查斷腿。,6)作狀語(yǔ) She went to town to do shopping yesterday. 她昨天進(jìn)城購(gòu)物去了。(目的) People are never too old

14、to learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老。(結(jié)果) She shuddered to think of her bitter past 她想起辛酸的過(guò)去就不寒而栗。(原因),He stood aside for her to pass. (目的) What have I done to offend you? (結(jié)果) The children felt happy to be with their parents. (原因) She would be glad to hear the news. (條件),7)作獨(dú)立成分 To tell the truth，I dont like the styl

15、e of the skirt 說(shuō)實(shí)在的，我不喜歡這裙子的款式。 To begin with，the story is not interesting 首先,這個(gè)故事沒(méi)有什么趣味性。,8)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) The teacher asked the students to hand in their exercises. 老師叫學(xué)生們交作業(yè)。(賓補(bǔ)) He is said to be from Shanghai 據(jù)說(shuō)他是上海人。(主補(bǔ)) The country is known to be rich in natural resources (=It is known that the

16、country is rich in natural resources.) 眾所周知這個(gè)國(guó)家的自然資源非常豐富。(主補(bǔ)),注意： 感官動(dòng)詞 feel，hear，see，watch，notice和使役動(dòng)詞make，let，have等后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。 I heard her sing 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她唱歌了。(賓補(bǔ)) His father made him go to bed early. 他父親強(qiáng)迫他早早上床睡覺(jué)。(賓補(bǔ)),3、關(guān)于不定式的一些其他用法,1)為了避免重復(fù)，僅用to取代整個(gè)不定式： Perhaps Ill go to Europe this summer；Id very m

17、uch like to(=to go to Europe) 今年夏天，我將去歐洲；我非常想去。 I dont swim much now, but I used to a lot (=to swim) 現(xiàn)在我不怎么游泳了。但我以前經(jīng)常游。 Are you and Betty getting married? we hope to (=to get married) 你和佩蒂要結(jié)婚了嗎?我們希望能。,2) 主、被動(dòng)不定式的用法： I have a lot of work to do this week. 這個(gè)星期我有許多事要做。(不能說(shuō)I have a lot of work to be don

18、e) Ive got reports to write. 我要寫(xiě)幾份報(bào)告。(不能說(shuō)Ive got reports to be written) 如果不定式的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)完成，用主動(dòng)；與此相反，或完成不定式動(dòng)作的行為者不明確，則用被動(dòng)態(tài)。 These designs are to be revised as soon as possible這些設(shè)計(jì)圖必須盡快修改。 These T-shirts and dresses are to be cleaned這些T恤、衣服該洗了。,3) 表達(dá)意義相同，主、被動(dòng)都可以用的不定式： There is a lot of work to doto be done

19、 有許多工作要做。 There are some designs to reviseto be revised. 有許多設(shè)計(jì)要修改。 to do和to revise可以理解為for meus to do；for me / us to revise。,4 ) something，anything和nothing之后的不定式可用主動(dòng)，也可以用被動(dòng)，但意義不同： There is nothing to do 沒(méi)事可做。(意為生活單調(diào)。) There is nothing to be done. 沒(méi)法用了。(意為得買(mǎi)新的了。),5)有些被動(dòng)不定式如：to be seen，to be found和to

20、be congratulated常見(jiàn)于be動(dòng)詞之后。 The money was nowhere to be found. 這筆錢(qián)哪兒也找不到。 He was nowhere to be seen. 他人不見(jiàn)蹤影。 The newly-married couple are to be congratulated. 向新婚夫婦道喜。 但blame習(xí)慣上不用被動(dòng)不定式。 “Im to blame for the accident，”said the taxi driver. 這位出租車司機(jī)說(shuō)：“這次事故是我的過(guò)錯(cuò)?！?6) 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)由of和for引出。但兩者在用法上有區(qū)別： 用形式主語(yǔ)it

21、，不定式作實(shí)際主語(yǔ)的句型中，若表語(yǔ)形容詞與不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)關(guān)系密切，說(shuō)明其特征或?qū)傩缘?，用of; 反之僅表示一種連接關(guān)系，則用for。如： It was very clever of her to think of that. 她想到那個(gè)，真是聰明。 Its easy for the young to fall into bad habits but very difficult to break away from them. 年輕人很容易形成壞習(xí)慣，而且很難改掉。,二、動(dòng)名詞,1、動(dòng)名詞的形式：動(dòng)詞原形加 -ing。以動(dòng)詞write為例，動(dòng)名詞的主要形式如下：,2、動(dòng)名詞的基本用法,1)作主

22、語(yǔ)（動(dòng)名詞常被看作是單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)） Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 lt is nice talking to you. 和你談話很愉快。( it作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作真正主語(yǔ)。),2) 作賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞在動(dòng)詞或介詞后面作賓語(yǔ) Would you mind opening the window? 請(qǐng)把窗戶打開(kāi)好嗎? I have got used to living here 我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣住這兒了。(動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)。) He couldnt stand being treated like that. 他無(wú)法忍受那樣待他。 I apologi

23、ze for not having come earlier 我沒(méi)有早點(diǎn)來(lái)，向你道歉。 She hates his staying out late. 她不喜歡他深夜不歸。,3)作表語(yǔ)（多與系動(dòng)詞be 連用。如果句中的主、表語(yǔ)同為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞在形式上的一致。） The problem now is getting to know the needs of the students 現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題是去了解學(xué)生的需要。 Reading is learning. 讀書(shū)就是學(xué)習(xí)。(reading作主語(yǔ)learning作表語(yǔ)),注意：不定式作表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的、一次性的、有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作； 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)

24、泛指動(dòng)作或不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，只著眼于動(dòng)作的名稱。 My duty was to take care of the baby while she was out. (具體工作) My favorite work is teaching English.(一件工作),4)作定語(yǔ)（通常位于名詞之前，作前置定語(yǔ)，表示被修飾名詞的用途或性能。） My grandfather always brings with him a pair of hearing aid. 我祖父總是帶著助昕器。 There is a reading room in our department 我們系有個(gè)閱覽室。 The opera

25、ting table is very clean 手術(shù)臺(tái)很干凈。,5)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ) This is called robbing Peter to pay Paul. 這叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。,3關(guān)于動(dòng)名詞與不定式用法的區(qū)別,remember, forget, stop, go on和regret，這些動(dòng)詞后面既可按動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式，但表示的意義不同。如：,1) remember+動(dòng)名詞表示記得做過(guò)什么； remember+不定式表示記得要做什么。 I remember locking the door when I left the office. 我記得離開(kāi)辦公室時(shí)我鎖上了門(mén)。 Remember

26、 to lock the door as you left. 離開(kāi)辦公室時(shí)記住要鎖門(mén)。,2) forget+動(dòng)名詞表示忘記做過(guò)什么； forget+不定式表示忘記要做什么。 “I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall,” said the tourist. 那位游客說(shuō)：“我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城給我留下的印象。” She is always forgetting to write to me 她總是忘記給我寫(xiě)信。,3) regret+動(dòng)名詞表示后悔做了某事：regret+不定式表示對(duì)要做的事情感到遺憾。 Afterwards he regretted

27、having told them about it. 后來(lái)他為曾把此事告訴他們而感到后悔。 (=he regretted that he had told them about it ) we regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you the opportunity，to get the job. 我們很遺憾地告訴你，我們無(wú)法為你提供這個(gè)工作的機(jī)會(huì)。,4)stop+動(dòng)名詞表示停止做某事；而stop+不定式則表示停下來(lái)開(kāi)始做另一件事。 Stop smoking! 別抽煙! Lets stop (for a couple of min

28、utes) to have a cup of coffee，shall we? 稍停片刻，喝杯咖啡。好嗎?,5)go on+動(dòng)名詞表示持續(xù)原來(lái)在做的動(dòng)作；而go on+不定式表示接著開(kāi)始新的動(dòng)作。 Go on trying until you succeed 繼續(xù)試下去，直到成功。 I shall now go on to deal with the gerund 我現(xiàn)在接著要講的是動(dòng)名詞問(wèn)題。,6)1ike+動(dòng)名詞表示喜歡；like+不定式則表示選擇，習(xí)慣。 I like fishing. 我喜愛(ài)釣魚(yú)。 I like walking along the seaside. 我喜歡在海邊走走。

29、I like to get up early so that l can get plenty of work done before lunch. 我喜歡(習(xí)慣)早起，這樣使我能在午飯前完成許多工作。 like用于否定，接不定式表示不愿意做某事。 I dont like to disturb you. 我不想打擾你。,7) try+動(dòng)名詞表示“嘗試”；而try+不定式表示“盡力”。 Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. 如果前門(mén)敲不開(kāi)，試試(敲)后門(mén)。,8) afraid of+動(dòng)名詞和afr

30、aid+不定式兩者無(wú)多大區(qū)別；但是因顧忌可能的結(jié)果，而不愿(怕)做某事時(shí)；在談及無(wú)法預(yù)料可能會(huì)發(fā)生的害怕事時(shí)，后接動(dòng)名詞。 Im afraid to take a planeof taking a plane。 我害怕坐飛機(jī)。 I am afraid of offending her 我怕得罪她。(只能用動(dòng)名詞) I am afraid of crashing. 我害怕(飛機(jī))墜毀。(同上),三、分詞,1 分詞的形式 分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞由動(dòng)詞原形+ing構(gòu)成，過(guò)去分詞由動(dòng)詞原形+ed構(gòu)成。以write為例，過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式即written;現(xiàn)在分詞的各種形式如下:,2、

31、 分詞的基本用法,現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞在句中的作用基本相同。但現(xiàn)在分詞語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主動(dòng)；時(shí)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。而過(guò)去分詞語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)；時(shí)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。分詞的主要功能如下：,1) 作表語(yǔ)（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，動(dòng)作意義減弱，表示一種狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征。） V+ing表示句中主語(yǔ)所具有的特征 V+ed 表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài) The football match was exciting 這場(chǎng)足球賽激動(dòng)人心。 She looks disappointed. 她顯得很失望。,2)作定語(yǔ)（被修飾的名詞時(shí)分詞的發(fā)出者時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞，是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞） He is a promising young

32、man 他是個(gè)很有前途的青年。 The wounded soldier was taken off to the hospital 這個(gè)傷員被送往醫(yī)院。 the boring speaker 令人厭煩的演講者 the bored student 感到厭煩的學(xué)生,分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常后置，起定語(yǔ)從句作用。 A little child learning to walk(=who is learning to walk)0ften falls 學(xué)走路的小孩常跌倒。 Whats the language spoken in that country (=which is spoken in that

33、 country)? 那個(gè)國(guó)家講的是什么語(yǔ)言?,3)作狀語(yǔ) 分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果或伴隨等情況。分詞的主體，一般就是句子的主語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；而分詞則對(duì)動(dòng)詞加以修飾或作為陪襯。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者而非發(fā)出者。如果分詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，分詞需要用完成時(shí)。,We sat on the sofa watching TV. 我們坐在長(zhǎng)沙發(fā)上看電視。 The students came out of the classroom laughing and chattin

34、g. 學(xué)生們從教室里出來(lái)又說(shuō)又笑。 Following Tom，they started to run. 他們跟在湯姆后面開(kāi)始跑。,They walked on the country road，followed by a dog 他們走在鄉(xiāng)間小路上，后面跟著一條狗。 Seen from the tower，the town looks very beautiful. 從塔上看這座城市非常美。 Not having received an answer, I decided to write him another letter 由于沒(méi)接到回信，我決定再給他寫(xiě)一封信。,分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，

35、如果動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致，可以帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立主格(結(jié)構(gòu))。分詞短語(yǔ)，分詞獨(dú)立主格作狀語(yǔ)，起狀語(yǔ)從句作用。 The shower being over，we continued to play games outside 陣雨過(guò)后我們繼續(xù)在外面做游戲。 All things considered，her composition is better than yours 各方面考慮起來(lái)，她的作文比你的寫(xiě)得好。,Peter came in，rainwater coming down from his clothes and hair 彼得走進(jìn)來(lái)，雨水順著他的衣服和頭發(fā)往下流

36、。 A new technique worked out，the yields as a whole increased by 27 一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)研制出來(lái)，產(chǎn)量總體增加了27。,介詞with常被用來(lái)引導(dǎo)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： With the temperature falling so rapidly，we could not continue the experiment 由于溫度下降得太快，我們無(wú)法繼續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。,練習(xí),1. _, the spaceman saw the Great Wall of China A) While flew in the spaceship B) While flyi

37、ng in the spaceship C) If flew in the spaceship D) To fly in the spaceship 答案B。,2. The children stood on the pavement，_. A) watching the buses coming and going B) watched the buses coming and going C) when watched the buses coming and going D) when to wash the buses coming and going 答案A。,3. _,we for

38、got our one oclock class. A) Absorbing in our conversation B) Though absorbed in our conversation C) Absorbed in our conversation D) To absorb in our conversation 答案C。 be absorbed in sth. 全神貫注，吸引的注意,4._, we stopped to look at the map. A) Knowing not which road to take B) Not knowing which road to ta

39、ke C) Not knew which road to take D) Not to be known which to take 答案B。,5. _,he had an accident on the icy road A) Although driving carefully B) Even though drove carefully C) Though driven carefully D) Although to drive carefully 答案A。,6. He locked the door, _. A) thus made sure no one would interru

40、pt him B) thus making sure no one would interrupt him C) though made sure no one would interrupt him D) although to make sure no one would interrupt him 答案B。,7. _, land may not be ruined A) When giving proper care B) Unless giving proper care C) Given proper care D) To give proper care 答案C。given假設(shè)，如

41、果。,8. Heat butter in the frying pan_. A) until melted B) until melting C) while melting D) when melting 答案A。 9. They were_ to fall asleep. A) so excited B) so exciting C) too excited D) too exciting 答案C。,10. Im used _ to early. A) get up B) getting up C) got up D) be getting up 答案B。 used to do 過(guò)去常常

42、be used to doing 習(xí)慣于 be used to do 被動(dòng),11. I prefer singing_. A) for dancing B) than dancing C) to dance D) to dancing 答案D。 prefer to prefer to do rather than do prefer doing to doing,12. I can not but _. A) to keep quiet B) keep quiet C) keeping quiet D) to be keeping quiet 答案B。否定詞/疑問(wèn)詞+but相當(dāng)于否定 = th

43、at not 13. _ there before, he got lost soon. A) Having not been B) Having been not C) Not having been D) Having been 答案C。,14. We _ for quite a long time. A) were keeping waited B) were kept waited C) were keeping waiting D) were kept waiting 答案D。 15. _ in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old. A) B

44、uilt B) Being built C) Building D) To be built 答案A。,16. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced，this city is still _. A) a good place in which to live B) a good place to live C) a good place to live in D) good in living in 答案C。,17. To get an education,_ A) one must work hard B) working hard is one of the important requirements C) requirement is needed to work hard D) working hard is needed 答案A。 18. Where did he go? He