跨文化交際(英文PPT).ppt

1、,In this course, we are all learners and teachers. Your experiences and capacities are valuable resources for me. Respect for yourself and others is an essential ingredient in creating a positive learning environment. I look forward to working with you to create this kind of learning environment.,We

2、lcome to the class of intercultural communication course!,Welcome,INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION People fail to get along because they fear each other; They fear each other because they dont know each other; They dont know each other becausethey have not communicated with each other. Dr. Martin Luther

3、King, Jr.,I. Importance of studying ICC,To behave as “good citizens” in the global village it is important for us to cultivate sufficient intercultural awareness; to achieve communicative competence; to study ICC.,II. Course Objectives/purposes,The specific course objectives are as follows: To acqui

4、re knowledge related to ICC (terminologies and definitions) ； To develop skills that will increase your intercultural communication competence； 3. To understand how communication processes differ among cultures； 4.To cultivate the ability to study and explore the issues concerning intercultural comm

5、unication .,III. Plan.,1.Required Textbook :Communication Between Cultures (Third Edition)By Larry A. SamovarRichard E. PorterLisa A. Stefani2000 2. Time schedule: 36 periods in one term. 1).Introduction to Intercultural Communication ;4periods 2).Part I Communication and Culture; 8 periods 3).Part

6、II The Influence of Culture ; 8 periods 4).Part III From Theory of Practice; 8 periods 5).Part IV Knowledge into Action; 8 periods 3. Evaluation will be based on:1)Attendance and participation.2)Project presentation and handout (the required essay ).3)Final examination.,IV. Course expectations/tasks

7、,1.Preview the text :Looking up the new words and expressions before class; Prepare what the teacher has asked you to do. 2.Take an active part in class discussions and performances. 3. Choose and read two recommended textbooks on intercultural communication - one in Chinese and one in English. Book

8、s Recommended: 1 Ron Scollon Suzanne Wong Scollon :Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach , 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，2000* 2 賈玉新：跨文化交際學(xué)，上海外語教育出版社，1997 3 林大津：跨文化交際研究，福建人民出版社， 1996 4 胡文仲：文化與交際，外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1997,V. Introduction to the textbook,Synopsis This textbook gives you an understanding and appreciati

9、on of different cultures and provides you with the practical skills for improving your communication with people from other cultures. It provides excellent motivation for you through numerous compelling examples that force them to examine your own assumptions and cultural biases. Structure The book

10、is divided into four interrelated parts, including 10 chapters: (Look at P.F28) Part I introduces the study of communication and culture(Chapter1-2); Part II examines cultural patterns of behavior and then looks at the deep structures as the basic roots of cultural behavior( Chapter3-4) Part III put

11、s the theory of intercultural communication into practice;(Chapter5-9); Part IV is concerned with the improvement of intercultural communication skills(Chapter10).,Structure,The book is divided into four interrelated parts, including 10 chapters: (Look at P.F28) Part I introduces the study of commun

12、ication and culture(Chapter1-2); Part II examines cultural patterns of behavior and then looks at the deep structures as the basic roots of cultural behavior( Chapter3-4) Part III puts the theory of intercultural communication into practice;(Chapter5-9); Part IV is concerned with the improvement of

13、intercultural communication skills(Chapter10).,VI. A brief introduction to the history of the study of ICC,The Development of the Discipline 1.In 1946 ： The US government passed the Foreign Service Act and established the Foreign Service Institute. The institute hired Edward T. Hall 2.In 1959 : The

14、publication of the Silent Language by the American cultural anthropologist, Edward T.Hall marked the emergence of ICC. 3.In 1966: ICC was regarded as curriculum in the US.,2.In 1959 : The publication of the Silent Language by the American cultural anthropologist, Edward T.Hall marked the emergence o

15、f ICC. 3.In 1966: ICC was regarded as curriculum in the US. 4. In 1970: ICC was recognized as an independent area of study by the International Communication Association (國際傳播學(xué)會) 5. In 1972: The first international conference on intercultural communication was held in Japan. 6. In 1983 : Gudykunst ,

16、American well known scholar in ICC, edited the first text on intercultural communication theory, Intercultural Communication Theories. 7. In the 1990s Theory construction and testing continues.,VII. The nature of the study of ICC:,Interdisciplinary: 1. Linguists : Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf and

17、 their hypothesis :the Edward Sapir-Whorf hypothesis(薩丕爾 沃爾夫假設(shè) ) 2. Anthropologists Edward Hall and his works: The Silent Language 3. Psychologists : Gordon Allport and his classic study, The Nature of prejudice,VIII. Approaches to the study of ICC,Three Approaches: 1.the social science approach (so

18、metimes called functionalist approach) 2. the interpretive approach 3. the critical approach,IX. RESEARCH AREAS OF ICC.,1. IN USA, ICC RESEARCH COVERS: 1). Cultural differences and impacts on many areas; 2). Similarities and differences between different nations and cultures; 3). Intercultural conta

19、ct and occasions; 4). Language and culture, bilingual education and translation;,5). Particular cultural pattern and its impact on cross_culture; 6). Non_verbal communication; 7). Cultural shock and acculturation(文化休克與文化適應(yīng)); 8). Nation, race and subculture(亞文化); 9). prejudice against different natio

20、ns, races and some of other countries.,2.Features of ICC research in America,3 features: 1) They are internationally, domestically oriented. 2) ICC researchers are mainly linguists, psychologists, sociologists and anthropologists. 3) Many American universities have offered ICC course,3.ICC for post

21、graduates in America,5 aspects: 1. to teach post graduates terminologies and definitions related to ICC; 2. to require them to examine problems about a culture; 3. to enable postgraduates to meet people from various cultural backgrounds; 4. to acquaint postgraduates approaches to overcome cultural d

22、ifferences; 5.to require them to investigate into cultures that interest them.,4.ICC study in China,In China ICC study began as a serious discipline for study in the early 1980s,lots of scholars have studied this area. Many books and papers were written (nearly 300 papers and 20-odd books between 19

23、81-2001李炯英 解放軍外國語學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)2002年第6期). 胡文仲: Aspects of Intercultural Communication,， 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1999 胡文仲: 文化與交際，外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1997 胡文仲: 跨文化交際學(xué)概論，外語教學(xué)與研究出版 社,1999。 賈玉新：跨文化交際學(xué)，上海外語教育出版社，1997 林大津：跨文化交際研究，福建人民出版社， 1996年10月。 關(guān)世杰：跨文化交流學(xué)，北京大學(xué)出版社，1996 鄧炎昌、劉潤清：Language and Culture1989.,Part 1 Communication and Culture

24、,Chapter 1 Intercultural Communication Interaction in a Changing World I. Importance of Intercultural Communication Differences of todays ICC and ICC of the past:,the past encounters: confusing and hostile Causes: 1) Lack cultural knowledge; 2)Blame the alien for the differences. the present encount

25、ers: more abundant and more significant. Reasons: 1） modern means of transportation systems 2） modern means of communication systems 3） globalization of world economy 4) mass migration,2.Threefold rationale for looking at these changes :,1). As the familiar gives way to a new and different world, th

26、e entire human race is a affected. 2). Many of the events that have brought diverse groups together have been too subtle to detect and have taken place over a long period. Hence, we believe that many of them may have been overlooked. 3) By demonstrating both the quantity and quality of these changes

27、, we might be better able to arouse your interest in intercultural communication.,II. The Quantity of Intercultural Communication,International Contacts Three international developments that made international contact more axiomatic and pervasive: New technology and information systems; changes in t

28、he world population; a shift in the words arena;,2. Domestic Contact 1) changes in the meaning of the word American. 2) Definition of co_culture (subculture and subgroup ) Co_culture is a culture that exists in a dominant culture in which the members, like the members of the dominant culture, share

29、perceptions, values, modes of communication, and lifestyles that made them unique, different from the members of the dominant culture.,Approaching Intercultural Communication The Content of Intercultural Communication A Philosophy of Intercultural Communication Studying Intercultural Communication I

30、ndividualism Objectivity,Part Two Communication and Culture: The Voice and the Echo,I. About the word Communication 1）Origin: The English word “Communication ”originates from Latin word “commonis”, which means common. The concept of communication is closely connected with the meaning of commonness(共

31、同/共享) 2) Meanings: Some anthropologists and the authors of this book communication and culture are closely linked, the two terms are virtually synonymous. Culture is the foundation of communication,3) Translation in Chinese: “交際”(From the linguistic perspective ,meaning intercourse) “溝通” (From the p

32、sychological perspective ,meaning link up ) “傳播”( In mass mediem, It means methods of sending imformation by telephone ) “交通”“傳通”,II.The definitions of communication,1.The Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary: Communication is defined as the activity or process of giving information to other

33、people or to other living things using signals such as speech, body movements, or radio signals. To sum it up, it is anything that adds meaning to a message. Communication is an ever-changing process and the present communications have a great impact on the communication in the future.,2.Oxford Comp

34、anion to the English Language(McArthur,1993): Communication refer to the transmission of information( a massage)between source (sender) and reciever,by using signaling system.,3.Any act by which one person gives to or receives from another person information about that persons needs, desires, percep

35、tions, knowledge, or affective states. Communication may be intentional or unintentional, may involve conventional or unconventional signals, may take linguistic or nonlinguistic forms, and may occur through spoken or other modes. (From the website) 4.This book (P.24),Ingredients of communication(組成

36、交際的要素),1.message/behavioral source(信息源/行為源) 2. encoding（編碼） 3.message（信息） 4.channel（渠道） 5.receiver/recepient/responder(信息接受者/反應(yīng)者) 6.decoding（譯碼） 7.response（反應(yīng)） 8.feedback（反饋） （ P13-15賈玉新）,Understanding Culture,I. About the word Culture 1） Origin: The English word Culture originates from the Latin co

37、lo, -ere, with its root meaning to cultivate, generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance.,Definitions of culture,Culture is a term used in confusing and contradictory ways. There is no standard definition of culture. In 1952 Alfred

38、 Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of more than 164 definitions of culture in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions.,Different definitions of “culture” reflect different theoretical bases for understanding, or criteria for evaluating, human activity. Anthropologists most c

39、ommonly use the term “culture” to refer to the universal human capacity to classify, codify（把編成法典） and communicate their experiences symbolically. This capacity is long been taken as a defining feature of the genus Homo.,The Modern Chinese Dictionary: 1) The total sum of material and spiritual wealt

40、h created by the mankind in the process of the social and historical development, esp,literature, art, science, education, etc. (From this we can see culture includes everything, material and spiritural, created by human beings) 2) The ability to use the written language and possession of book knowl

41、edge .,1、 Sir Edward B. Tylor writing from the perspective of social anthropology in the UK in 1871 described culture in the following way: “Culture or civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic（人種志研究的） sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by