英語語音教程_輔音.ppt

1、Unit 2Consonants: Stops,Consonants Chart,1.Introduction- stop consonants,In this unit, we will learn the stop consonants in English. The stop consonants are made by completely stopping the airflow at some point in the mouth and then, for most productions, releasing it into the sound that follows. Th

2、ere are six stops in English: /p/ and /b/ are formed by the lips, /t/ and /d/ are formed on the gum ridge behind the upper teeth, and /k/ and /g/ occur at the back of the mouth where the tongue makes a weal with the soft palate. /p/, /t/, /k/ are voiceless stops as they are not accompanied by vibrat

3、ion from the larynx(喉), while /b/, /d/, /g/ are the voiced stops. These stops are among the most frequent sounds in English and have fairly consistent spellings.,Introduction,爆破音是由在口腔中發(fā)音器官中的某部位對氣流形成阻塞,氣流從口腔中沖破阻礙爆破而成, 其特點是一發(fā)即止,不能拖音. /p/ /b/ 雙唇爆破音; (Bilabial) /t/ /d/ 舌尖齒齦音(Alveolar),發(fā)音時,舌尖抵住上齒齦形成阻礙,氣流

4、沖出時,舌尖突然離開上齒齦,爆破成音; /k/ /g/ 舌后軟顎音(Velar),發(fā)音時,舌后部向軟顎抬起貼緊,形成阻礙,氣流從喉嚨口用力沖出,爆破成音.,輔音 /p/,Producing sound The /p/ sound is made by closing the mouth and pushing the lips apart. The teeth are apart, but not shown. The tongue is in the middle of the mouth. Air is blown through quickly.,/p/-Dialogue,“Passpo

5、rts, Please” (Mr. And Mrs. Chapman are at the airport. They have just gotten off the plane from Paris.) Official: Passport, Please. Mr. Chapman: I think Ive lost our passports, Pam. Mrs. Chapman: Oh, Peter, how could you be so stupid? Didnt you put them in your pocket? Mr. Chapman: (emptying his poc

6、kets) Heres a pen, a pencil, a postcard, an envelope, a stamp, a pin Mrs. Chapman: Oh, stop taking everything out of your pockets. You probably put them in the plastic bag.,/p/- Dialogue,Mr. Chapman: (emptying the plastic bag) Heres a newspaper, an apple, a pear, a plastic cup, a spoon, some paper p

7、lates, a piece of pie, some pepper, some presents. Mrs. Chapman: Oh, stop pulling everything out of the plastic bag, Peter. These people are getting impatient. Mr. Chapman: Well, help me, Pam. Mrs. Chapman: Weve lost our passports. Perhaps we dropped them on the plane. Official: Then let the other p

8、assengers pass, please. Mr. Chapman: Pam, why dont you help? Youre not being very helpful. Put the things in the plastic bag. Official: Your name, please? Mrs. Chapman: Please go upstairs with this police officer, Mr. Chapman. Official: ,輔音 /b/,Producing sound The /b/ sound is made by closing the mo

9、uth and pushing the lips apart. The teeth are apart, but not shown. The tongue is in the middle of the mouth.,/b/- Dialogue,“Barbaras Birthday” Barbara: Hi, Bob! Bob: Hi, Barbara. You seem very happy. Barbara: (pause) Well You know, todays my birthday. Bob: oh, right. February 7th. Tour birthday! Ha

10、ppy birthday, Barbara! Barbara: Thanks, Bob. Look at this bracelet that Robin gave me. Isnt it beautiful? Bob: oh, it is. Thats a beautiful blouse, too. You look good in blue. Was that a birthday present, too?,/b/- Dialogue,Barbara: Yes. And my mother gave me some paintbrushes and a book about birds

11、. And, uh, somebody bought me a cookbook. Bob: Did your brother give you anything? Barbara: Yes. He built some bookshelves for my bedroom. Bob: Im really sorry, Barbara, but I forgot all about your birthday. Ive been so busy with my job. And Im terrible at remembering birthdays, anyway. Barbara: Wel

12、l, my birthday isnt over yet Bob: Yeah! Lets go out and celebrate. We can get a cab and go to that new club.,輔音 /t/,Producing sound The /t/ sound is made by opening the mouth and lowering the bottom lip. The teeth are slightly apart, with more of the bottom than the top front teeth shown. The tip of

13、 the tongue touches the top of the mouth. Air is blown through quickly.,/t/- Dialogue,“In a Department Store” Teenage girl: I want to buy a hat. Salesperson: Hats are downstairs on the first floor. Tall woman: Id like to buy a skirt. Salesperson: Skirts are in the sportswear department to your left.

14、 Student: Where can I get a type-writer? tape recorder? stereo？ Salesperson: Take the elevator to the tenth floor. Short man: Where would I find ties? shirts? Salesperson: The mens department is straight ahead. Fat man: Where can I get a hot meal? Salesperson: Theres a cafeteria on the thirteenth fl

15、oor and a restaurant in the basement.,/t/- Dialogue,Little girl: Could you tell me where the toy department is? Salesperson: Certainly. Its up-stairs on the next floor. Tall man: I want to return this sweater. Its too tight. Salesperson: The returns department is on the top floor, next to the cafete

16、ria. Short woman: I want to buy some towels and sheets. Salesperson: Take the stairs down to the basement. Teenage boy: Where can I get a tennis rackets? Baseball bat? football? Salesperson: Try the sporting goods department, on the twelfth floor. Twins: Could you tell me the time, please? Salespers

17、on: Yes. Its exactly twenty-two minutes after ten.,輔音 /d/,Producing sound The /d/ sound is made by opening the mouth and lowering the bottom lip. The teeth are slightly apart, with more of the bottom than the top front teeth shown. The tip of the tongue touches the top of the mouth.,/d/- Dialogue,“A

18、 Missed Date” Debbie: Hello. Donald: Hello, Debbie? This is Donald. Debbie: Oh, hi, Donald. Donald: What happened yesterday? You forgot our date, didnt you? Debbie: Well, it rained hard all day and I had a bad cold, so I decided to stay home. Donald: You did? But I tried to call you at least twenty

19、times and nobody answered. Debbie: Oh, the telephone lines were damaged by the storm. They repaired them today.,/d/- Dialogue,Donald: What did David do yesterday? Did he and Judy go dancing? Debbie: No. They stayed home and played cards with the children. Donald: And what did you do? Did you play ca

20、rds, too? Debbie: No. I listened to records and studied. What did you do yesterday, Donald? Donald: I just told you, Debbie. I tried to call you twenty times!,輔音 /k/,Producing sound The hard /k/ sound is made by opening the mouth medium wide. The teeth are slightly apart, with some of the top and bo

21、ttom front teeth shown. The sides of the tongue touch the top back teeth. Air is blown through quickly.,/k/- Dialogue,“Cooking Contest” Cathy: Where will the cooking contest be held? Cody: It will be held at the car park which is near the bridge that crosses the stream. Cathy: How much will the cont

22、est coast to enter? Cody: I am not sure, why dont you read the invitation card? Cathy: Okay. Why dont we get our coats now and get a cup of coffee before we go?,輔音 /g/,Producing sound The hard /g/ sound is made by opening the mouth and pushing the lips out a bit. The teeth are apart, with some of th

23、e top and bottom front teeth shown. The sides of the tongue touch the top back teeth.,/g/- Dialogue,“Guests in August” Craig: I just got a telegram from Margaret and Greg. Gloria: Are they coming to Chicago again? Craig: Yes. Theyre coming at the beginning of August. Gloria: Oh, good! We can all get

24、 together again. Craig: Im glad theyre coming in August. Maybe Greg and I can play some golf or get tickets to a baseball game. Gloria: And Margaret and I can take the dog and go jogging in the park.,/g/- Dialogue,Craig: Remember the garden party they gave when we were in England? Gloria: Oh, yes. W

25、e all sat on the grass, and Margaret played her guitar and sang Greek songs. Craig: I had a great time. Itll be good to see them again.,Pronunciation difficulties,The English stops do not generally cause an intelligibility problem among the Chinese EFL learners but some learners may devoice final position voiced stops so that /tAb/ may be pronounced as /tAp/, /kjud/ as /kjut/ and /li:g/ as /li:k/. Lengthening the vowel before the voiced stops will aid in the perception of a voiced final stop. /i:/ in need, for exampl