m6u3Learning about language.ppt

1、Unit 3 A healthy life Learning about language,高二人教新課標(biāo)版選修六,Discovering useful words and expressions 1 Find a word or phrase from the text that means the same as the underlined words in each sentence. 1. You will be able to stop smoking eventually if you are determined enough.,quit, tough,2. Having li

2、ved in Hawaii all his life, he was not used to the cold of Northern Europe. 3. She felt embarrassed about her body shape, so she decided to go on a diet. 4. Running a marathon will leave you out of breath.,accustomed to,ashamed (of her),breathless,5. You really have no idea just how hopeless cancer

3、can make you feel. 6. The effects of drinking too much alcohol on your health can be serious. 7. Doing exercises every day can not only make your muscles stronger but also help you relax.,desperate,(The) alcoholic (effects),strengthen (your muscles),8. If you are expecting a baby, your smoking habit

4、 might cause problems for it. 9. In spite of all his efforts he failed. He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying. 10. He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.,pregnant,disappointed,decide on,1. in spite of 盡管, 無視 后接名詞 e.g. She cant see very well in spit

5、e of her glasses. 盡管戴著眼鏡她還是不能看得很清楚。 The boy went out in spite of his fathers orders. 那男孩無視父親的命令,徑直出去了。,2 Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from below.,due to cigarettes tough unfit alcohol mental quit withdrawal adolescents addicted to stress effects,Smoking _, drinking _ or taking other drug

6、s produce many harmful _ and have no real benefits. So why do _ do it? Perhaps some think it makes them look _ cool. Others may think it will help with _ in their lives possibly _ pressure from their parents or teachers.,cigarettes,alcohol,effects,adolescents,tough,stress,due to,Some may just want t

7、o experiment. What they do not realize is how easy it is to become _ smoking. In fact it is the _ addiction rather than the physical effects which make it really hard to _ smoking. When an adolescent realizes how _ he or she is becoming, it is too late.,addicted to,mental,quit,unfit,Sadly the _ symp

8、toms can be quite severe for some people. Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place!,withdrawal,2. get into陷于, 染上什么習(xí)慣 get into the habit of 養(yǎng)成什么習(xí)慣。 相當(dāng)于fall into the habit of或者form the habit of e.g. The girl has got into the habit of playing with

9、her hair while reading. 那個女孩養(yǎng)成了閱讀時玩弄頭發(fā)的習(xí)慣。 短語聯(lián)想 get into trouble 惹上麻煩 get into debt 負(fù)債累累 get into a temper 大發(fā)脾氣,Answer key for Exercise 2:,It is difficult to give up smoking. It seems that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke. It is believed that smoking causes cancer. It is

10、no use trying to quit on a stressful day. It is astonishing that China produces one-third of the worlds cigarettes. It is illegal to advertise cigarettes in this country.,Discovering useful structures(P21),It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking at last. 8. It was a dark and stormy night whe

11、n the old man started his journey. 9. It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 10. It is necessary for you to take pills to control your blood pressure.,Grammar,The use of “it”,一、 用作人稱代詞, 代表前面提到的人或事物,Whos it? _ me. Look at the picture. _ is a picture of our school.,Its

12、,It,二、用于代替指示代詞this 和that。,-Is this jacket yours? -Yes, _ is.,it,Read and analyze the sentences.,It is Friday today. It was very cold last Monday. It is about 8:30 now. It is about 25km from Longxian to Bazi. It lies in the south of Shaoguan city. It is 40C ! You got a high fever! Its quiet here. 三.

13、it 可以用作非人稱代詞, 表示時間、日期、地點、距離、天氣、溫度、環(huán)境等。,date,weather,time,distance,place,temperature,Circumstance,替代作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞, 而把真正作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。,四. it 用作形式主語,1. 代作主語的動詞不定式,1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 此處adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞: easy, clear, necessary, possible, important, obvious, dangerous It is illeg

14、al (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.,2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此處adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞: kind, rude, cruel, considerate, careful, foolish, crazy. Its kind of you to help me with the problem.,Its no good/use doing做某事沒有好處/用處 Its (well) worth doing Its worthwhile doing/ to do Its waste

15、of time doing It is (great) fun doing e.g. Its no use crying over spilt milk.,2. It替代作主語的動名詞的常見句型,3. it作形式主語替代主語從句,It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain ) that . 該句型中it 是形式主語, 真正的主語是 that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句, 常譯為“清楚(顯然, 真的)”, 是主語從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。 e.g. It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.,It

16、is adj. + clause,It is said (reported/ learned/believed /thought/known/told/hoped.) that . 該句型中的it 仍是形式主語, 真正主語是that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句; 該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為“據(jù)說(據(jù)報道, 據(jù)悉)”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.,It is v-ed that, It is + noun + 從句,It is a p

17、ity (a shame /an honor /a good thing/ a fact /a surprise/. ) that . 該句型中,表示出乎意料, 常譯為“竟然”。that后的從句 一般用虛擬語氣(should + 動詞原形), should可省去。沒 有這種意義時, 則不用虛擬語氣。如：,It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上, 真是遺憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了, 真遺憾！,五、it作形式賓語,1.consider/thin

18、k/find it important (necessary, helpful, valuable, useful) for sb to do 意為“認(rèn)為/發(fā)現(xiàn)對某人重要(重要,有幫助) Eg.I found it very interesting to study English. 2.make it clear that 意為“弄清楚,使明白” Eg.He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 3.take it for granted that意為“認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的” Eg.Many children take

19、 it for granted that they should ask their parents for money.,六、用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,It + be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who(a person)從句,I met Tom in the park yesterday.,1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.,2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.,3) It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.,4) It was yester

20、day that I met Tom in the park.,It was five oclock _ I got home. It was at five oclock _ I got home.,when,that,It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that . 該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時間狀語, 譯成漢語 “直到才”, 可以說是 not . until . 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。如: I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. = It was not u

21、ntil she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.,It was not until _ that _ to prepare his lessons. (91) A. did his father come in, the boy began B. did his father come in, did the boy beg

22、in C. his father came in, did the boy begin D. his father came in, the boy began,D,七、it 常用的固定搭配,make it 在口語當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed, 表示: 成功、 做到、說定、趕上、及時到達(dá) 如: Its hard to make it to the top in show business. 2) 在口語中相當(dāng)于fix the date for, 表示 “約定好時間” 如: Shall we meet next week? OK. We just make it next Saturday.,2.

23、take it/things easy 相當(dāng)于Dont worry or dont hurry. 用來勸告 別人, 表示“不要慌, 別擔(dān)心, 沉住氣” Take it easy！He will do it well. 3. It all depends/that all depends 在口語中, 相當(dāng)于it hasnt been decided yet, 表示“那 得看情況, 還沒有定下來” Are you going to the countryside for holiday? It/That all depends.,4. Its up to sb. 在口語中, 相當(dāng)于its deci

24、ded by sb. 表示“由決定, 由負(fù)責(zé), 取決于” Shall we go out for dinner？ Its up to you.,How is it with your study? 學(xué)習(xí)好嗎？ Thats it . 這就對了。 It went hard with him. 他身遇不幸。 It is all over with me. 我完蛋了。 We must fight it out.我們必須堅持到底。 I cant help it. 我沒有辦法。,改錯 You wont find difficult to get to the city center. (2004全國) 2

25、. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. (2004湖北) 3. This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost was regarded as “the best car in the world”.,find后加it,there it,This It,高考鏈接 1. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (天津2007) A. this B. that C. it D. these 2. _ is our beli

26、ef that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (浙江2006) A. As B. ThatC. This D. It,C,D,3. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. (2005全國) A. it B. she C. which D. he 4. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me ho

27、w to use the computer. (山東2006) A. thatB. it C. this D. you,A,B,5. It was _ he came back from Africa that year_ he met the girl he would like to marry. (江西2009) A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. olny, when 6. It was along the Missippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of hid childhood. (

28、天津2008) A. how B. which C. that D. where,C,C,See you next time!,Exercises: 1. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C.these D. them 2. In which play is _ your brother will appear? A. that where B. this when C. it that D. it where 3. _ the harder you work, the better result

29、youll get. A. Its believed that B. What we believed that C. Its fact D. What the fact is,A,C,A,4. Nothing can stop us, _? A. cant it B. can it C. cant we D. can we 5. -Can you tell us how the war was won in the end ? - I dont know, _. A. Its hard to say B. It doesnt matter C. Its no use saying D. It

30、 depends on the work,B,A,6. Does _ matter a lot whether she will come here by bus or by taxi? A. The thing B. that C. it D. her mother 7. -Listen! Someone is unlocking the goods. -_ must be your father coming back from Beijing. A. It B. There C. That D. This,C,A,8. -Have you written a letter to her

31、? -No, but Im going to write _ tonight. A. it B. that C. those D. one 9. - Are they coming to the meeting? - _. A. I know so B. I am sure so C. I am sure of it D. I question it 10. _ now pretty late, we took candles and went upstairs. A. Being B. For C. For being D. It being,D,A,D,11. The teacher to

32、ld the students _. A. why to learn English important B. why was it important to learn English C. why it important to learn English D. why it was important to learn English 12. The TV sets made in China are much better than _ in Japan. A. that B. those C. them D. it,D,B,13. Our food and service are b

33、etter than _ used to be. A. It B. we C. they D. them 14. -Im looking for a flat. -Would you like _ with _ garden? A. it; the B. it; a C. one; a D. one; the 15. _ four years since I joined the Army. A. It was B. It is C. There is D. There was,C,C,B,Tell the function of “it”: Its difficult to remember

34、 all their names. 2. Its very quiet in the caf. 3. It rained for three days. 4. He made it clear that he didnt want to speak to me. 5. It was nice to meet you.,形式主語, 代替,Circumstance,Weather,形式賓語, 代替,形式主語, 代替,6. It was on Tuesday that Smith came. 7. Its three miles from here to the nearest garage. 8.

35、 A tall man stood up and shook hands. It was captain Lawrie. 9. I hear you bought a new bike. Can you show it to me?,用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,Distance,人稱代詞, 代表前面提到的人,人稱代詞, 代表前面提到的物,10. It was five oclock when we got back home yesterday. 11. It was dirty and wet below the ship where the slaves were kept. 12. It was o

36、n this coast that lots of his people disappeared. 13. It was most likely that one third of them had lost their lives.,Time,Circumstance,用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,作引導(dǎo)詞, 在句中作形式主語, 代替后面的從句,Im still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon. That is amazing. It is amazing that I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kil

37、ometers in an afternoon. 2. My father has quit smoking. That is wonderful. It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking.,Rewrite the following sentences, using “Its that”.,3. You could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ( It is likely). It is likely that you could suffer from bad health

38、if you keep smoking. 4. China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes. It is reported. It is reported that China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes.,5. Bird flu (禽流感) hit China again. That is known to us. It is known to us that bird flu(禽流感) hit China again. 6. Li Yuchun got more than one million yuan for the advert